Journal articles: 'OPvrc'

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Syed Mohsin, Sharifah Maszura, Sayid Javid Azimi, and Abdoullah Namdar. "Behaviour of Oil Palm Shell Reinforced Concrete Beams Added with Kenaf Fibres." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.351.

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The present article reports the findings of a study into the behaviour of oil palm shell reinforced concrete (OPSRC) beams with the addition of kenaf fibres. This work aims at examining the potential of kenaf fibres to improve the strength and ductility of the OPSRC beams as well as observing its potential in serving as part of shear reinforcement in the beams. Two different arrangements of the shear links in OPSRC beams with a selection of kenaf fibres content (10kg/m3 and 20kg/m3, respectively) were tested under monotonic loading. The results show that the addition of kenaf fibres enhances the load carrying capacity, ductility apart from altering the failure mode of the beams from brittle shear mode to flexural ductile mode. Furthermore, the study shows that kenaf fibres are compatible with OPSRC with desirable results.

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Edwards, David T. "STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OPRC CONVENTION AND RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE OPPR CONFERENCE1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-649.

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ABSTRACT Participants in the 1991 Oil Spill Conference were informed of the outcome of the IMO Conference on International Cooperation on Oil Pollution Preparedness and Response, in particular the adoption of the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation, 1990 (OPRC). Although 27 States signed it, the OPRC stipulates that it will enter into force or become binding one year after 15 States have accepted or ratified it. Although the OPRC, therefore, is not yet in force, IMO Member States, the Secretary-General of IMO, Mr. William O'Neil, and IMO's Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) have taken concrete actions to facilitate early implementation. In November 1991 the Secretary-General established a coordination center in the Marine Environment Division of IMO to carry out functions assigned to IMO under the OPRC (information services, education and training, technical services, and technical assistance). In March 1992 the MEPC established an OPRC Working Group, in which government and industry experts and representatives of environmental organizations participate, to deal with matters related to implementation of the OPRC. Among the important topics which will be included in the program of the OPRC Working Group through 1992–1993 are links between MARPOL Regulation 26 and OPRC articles 3 and 6 and development of guidelines for the preparation of oil pollution emergency plans for offshore units and seaports; update of IMO's Manual on Oil Pollution, Section II—Contingency Planning; development of guidelines or recommendations on facilitating the movement of response equipment and personnel and the use of response resources during marine pollution incidents; development of research and development clearinghouse functions; development of model training courses and an OPRC training plan; and consideration of ways to expand the scope of the OPRC to include hazardous and noxious substances.

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Culp, Stephen Hembree, Yunchuan Delores Mo, Mairo Diolombi, and Helen P. Cathro. "Classification of oncocytic papillary renal cell carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2013): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.467.

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467 Background: Over the past decade, genitourinary pathologists have increasingly recognized an oncocytic variant of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRC) that can complicate classification as Type 1 or Type 2 PRC. The International Society of Urological Pathology recently proposed reclassifying oncocytic papillary renal cell carcinoma (OPRC) as a separate subtype. We set out to test the validity of separating oncocytic tumors from other PRC. Methods: 70 consecutive cases of PRC with sufficient tissue for analysis were reviewed from patients undergoing surgery at The University of Virginia (1992 to 2007). All cases were classified by type, including those with oncocytic features. Histologic, clinical, and outcomes data were analyzed based on type and the presence of oncocytic features. Results: A total of 15 (21.4%) tumors displayed oncocytic differentiation, the majority of which were Type 2 tumors (11 or 73.3%) (p < 0.001). The male to female ratio of OPRC cases was nearly 1:1 in contrast to a significant male bias historically seen in PRC. The presence of oncocytic features was significantly associated with higher Fuhrman grade (p < 0.001) and no OPRC tumors were multifocal as opposed to 13 (23.6%) of non-OPRC tumors. At a median follow-up of 79.9 months for the entire cohort, 5-yr disease specific survival (DSS) for OPRC patients was 79.0% which was intermediate between patients with Type 1 (93.4%) and Type 2 (44.4%) tumors. By Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, DSS of OPRC patients was significantly better than Type 2 patients (HR 0.12; 95% CI 0.03, 0.52, p = 0.004), but tended to be worse than Type 1 patients (HR 2.58; 95% CI 0.78, 8.50, p = 0.12). Conclusions: We report the largest cohort of OPRC patients to date. Patients with OPRC demonstrate a survival rate intermediate between that of patients with non-oncocytic Type 1 and Type 2 PRC. Though the majority of OPRC tumors were classified as Type 2 PRC, oncocytic features complicate histomorphologic typing. Therefore, classification of OPRC separately would clarify typing of PRC and improve the validity of Fuhrman nuclear grading for PRC. Our results support separation of OPRC from Type 1 and Type 2 PRC, based on both histomorphologic typing and patient survival.

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Ohne, Kiyoshi. "IMO-OPRC INFORMATION SYSTEM1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-779.

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ABSTRACT To facilitate response activities of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and its member states with respect to oil pollution in the Persian Gulf, the IMO Oil Pollution Co-ordination Centre (OPCC) was established in February 1991. During such operations and other relevant activities, it was recognized that databases on national contact points and the type of assistance member states could offer would be valuable and should be developed. In addition, the OPCC has developed other databases and utilized them when the OPCC responds to oil pollution emergencies and provides general advice concerning oil pollution preparedness and response to member states. These activities are related to some of the requirements assigned to IMO under the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation, 1990 (the OPRC Convention). The convention will enter into force on May 13, 1995.

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Makovska, Yulia. "Model of determining price of a long-term contract for ongoing maintenance and maintenance of highways." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 1 (253) ’ 2018 (March 26, 2018): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2018-1-253-30-32.

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The paper addresses the problem of OPRC. The current state of tools justification prices OPRC: model, based on the concept of discrete state of the road surface, and the model based on the economic theory of agency. This mathematical formulation proposed by the authors simulation model justification prices OPRC based on seasonally expert estimates of probability of defects road surface and the possibility of using a certain probability of different methods of elimination of defects, different resource requirements. Forecast assumptions about the subject of study – apply a simulation model with simulated random events and values of Monte Carlo and optimization based on evolutionary method. Keywords: OPRC, long-term contracts, price contract, simulation model

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Gallego Pareja, Luis A., Jesús M. López-Lezama, and Oscar Gómez Carmona. "Optimal Feeder Reconfiguration and Placement of Voltage Regulators in Electrical Distribution Networks Using a Linear Mathematical Model." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010854.

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Power distribution systems face continuous challenges from increased demand and lengthening of feeders, resulting in power loss augmentation and unacceptable voltage drops. Thus, to reduce technical losses and improve the voltage profile, common techniques such as reactive compensation, network reconfiguration, and placing of voltage regulators are employed. Distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) consists of modifying the system topology with the aim of minimizing power losses, enhancing voltage profile, and improving network reliability. Optimal placement of voltage regulators (OPVRs) improves the voltage profile and helps to reduce power losses. DNR and OPVRs are challenging optimization problems involving both integer and continuous decision variables. In this paper, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is presented to simultaneously solve the problems of DNR and OPVRs in radial distribution networks. The combined optimal DNR and OPVRs aim at both the minimization of power losses and the improvement of the voltage profile. This approach has not been reported in the specialized literature. The proposed MILP model may be solved through commercially available software, obtaining global optimal solutions with lower computational effort than metaheuristic techniques applied for the same purpose. Several tests were conducted on three benchmark distribution test systems to demonstrate the efficacy and applicability of the proposed approach.

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Edwards, David T. "IMO'S STRATEGY FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OPRC CONVENTION1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 787–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-787.

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ABSTRACT The International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (OPRC) will enter into force May 13, 1995, less than five years after its adoption by a global diplomatic conference convened by the International Maritime Organization in December 1990. However, since then IMO has actively pursued a strategy for implementing the OPRC Convention in close cooperation with interested governments and industry. The primary objective of this strategy is to enhance the capacity of countries to effectively carry out the requirements of the convention and strengthen IMO's ability to assist countries in this process. The strategy is realized by action taken by IMO's OPRC standing working group, in which government and industry experts participate, and by IMO staff, experts, and consultants as part of a technical cooperation program for the protection of the marine environment.

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Adams, Michael. "Developing an International Oil Spill Policy Strategy for the U.S." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 913–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-913.

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ABSTRACT As called for under the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation, 1990 (OPRC), “Parties to the OPRC convention are required to establish measures for dealing with pollution incidents, either nationally or in co-operation with other countries.” As a signatory to OPRC the U.S. Government (USG) has pledged to assist other countries in the development of their own oil spill response capabilities and while USG has many agreements that meet the guidelines of assisting other countries, there is no formal engagement strategy for developing further agreements, no agency championing this effort, and there are many still requiring assistance. However, the United States Coast Guard (USCG) is uniquely positioned to perform the role of drafting an engagement strategy and working with the global community to assist those countries that have yet to develop an adequate oil spill response system of their own due to the lack of resources, expertise or both. There are many hurdles to enabling USCG to assume the OPRC assistance banner that have been previously addressed (Adams, IOSC 2001), which this paper will not seek to readdress. However, if USG does decide to move forward with an integrated policy there remains the need to develop an adequate engagement strategy. This strategy is necessary to ensure the limited resources available for foreign assistance are expended in the most cost effective, ethical and responsible manner possible. There are three alternative strategies I will analyze in an effort to determine the best suited for implementation of this policy. These three strategies are based primarily on 1) environmental need, 2) geographical proximity, and 3) political/economic interests. The goal of this strategy is to effectively implement the oil spill assistance policy alluded to previously in support of the U.S.'s pledge under OPRC. This paper will analyze the success of each strategy making a recommendation on which one USG should pursue.

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Chapman, Philip, and Huestis Holm. "CANADA'S SYSTEM OF SPILL RESPONSE: WILL IT ACTUALLY WORK?" International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 958–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-958.

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ABSTRACT Canadian policy on marine spill response and preparedness has undergone a significant transformation since the OPRC Convention. An ambitious plan was launched in 1993 that sought to achieve two things: the privatization of response operations and the enhancement of response capabilities. Various steps have been undertaken to implement an effective framework within which government and industry can operate. Substantial legislative, regulatory, and policy changes have gone a long way toward achieving the spirit and intent of the OPRC Convention. However, the implementation of that new system has not been without its problems.

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Bhamidimarri, Satya Prathyusha, Tessa R. Young, Muralidharan Shanmugam, Sandra Soderholm, Arnaud Baslé, Dirk Bumann, and Bert van den Berg. "Acquisition of ionic copper by the bacterial outer membrane protein OprC through a novel binding site." PLOS Biology 19, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): e3001446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001446.

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Copper, while toxic in excess, is an essential micronutrient in all kingdoms of life due to its essential role in the structure and function of many proteins. Proteins mediating ionic copper import have been characterised in detail for eukaryotes, but much less so for prokaryotes. In particular, it is still unclear whether and how gram-negative bacteria acquire ionic copper. Here, we show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprC is an outer membrane, TonB-dependent transporter that is conserved in many Proteobacteria and which mediates acquisition of both reduced and oxidised ionic copper via an unprecedented CxxxM-HxM metal binding site. Crystal structures of wild-type and mutant OprC variants with silver and copper suggest that acquisition of Cu(I) occurs via a surface-exposed “methionine track” leading towards the principal metal binding site. Together with whole-cell copper quantitation and quantitative proteomics in a murine lung infection model, our data identify OprC as an abundant component of bacterial copper biology that may enable copper acquisition under a wide range of conditions.

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Slater, Joseph Edward, Patrick J. Murray, and Steven A. Troy. "DEVELOPING A GLOBAL TRAINING PROGRAM FOR BEING PREPARED TO RESPOND TO MARINE POLLUTION SPILLS1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-521.

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ABSTRACT On May 13, 1995, the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation, 1990 (OPRC) of the International Maritime Organization (1MO) came into force. The main objectives of the OPRC are to facilitate international cooperation and mutual assistance in preparing for and responding to major oil pollution incidents and to encourage states to develop and maintain the capability to deal with oil pollution emergencies. The functions assigned to the Oil Pollution Coordination Center located in IMO's Marine Environment Division include providing information services, education and training, technical services, and technical assistance to states. The OPRC convention obliges governments to establish a program of exercises for oil pollution response organizations and training of relevant personnel. It also called on IMO to develop a comprehensive training program in cooperation with interested governments and industry. This paper discusses the progress achieved in the development of the training program, which consists of the IMO model courses on marine pollution preparedness and response, and gives an overview of its implementation strategy.

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Azimi, Mohammad Hossein, and Maryam Karimi Alavijeh. "Morphological traits and genetic parameters of Hippeastrum hybridum." Ornamental Horticulture 26, no. 4 (December 2020): 579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v26i3.2153.

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Abstract Amaryllis is a bulbous flowering plant that has attracted many florists in Iran in recent years. The present study aimed to explore genetic diversity and quantitative and qualitative yield of imported cultivars and promising genotypes of amaryllis. The research used 16 genotypes based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Ornamental Plants Research Center in Iran (2017-2018). Based on the guideline of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), 17 major traits were selected to assess the genotypes. The differences in genotypes showed a wide diversity in all traits among them. The highest general heritability was observed in flowering period (93.86%) and leaf length (91.24%) and the lowest in the number of florets per branch (20.37%). Overall, most traits had high heritability. The highest number of flowering branches, flowering period, floret length, stalk diameter, leaf number, and leaf length were obtained from ‘Moscow’. The highest peduncle length, floret width, and flowering period were observed in the promising genotype ‘OPRC-202’. The flower form was double in ‘Cherry Nymph’, ‘Dancing Queen’, and ‘OPRC-204’, miniature in ‘Baby Star’, and simple (single-flower) in the other genotypes. Based on the results, the promising genotypes ‘OPRC-202’ and ‘OPRC-204’ have a high potential to be introduced as new competitive cultivars in domestic and international markets. The promising genotypes and cultivars were categorized in four groups. The results showed that major of the diversity in the traits was due to genetic factors and the effect of the environment on these traits was less.

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Parker, Heather A., Scott R. Knutson, Andy Nicoll, and Tim Wadsworth. "International Offers of Assistance Guidelines – Developing an IMO Tool to "Internationalize" Oil Spill Readiness and Response." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 328–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.328.

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ABSTRACT During the Macondo 252 incident in 2010, it became apparent that the lack of clear guidance to effectively manage the flood of response assistance offered and required from other nations and organizations. To help address these concerns, the U.S. Coast Guard hosted an international ad hoc workgroup after the 2011 International Oil Spill Conference to discuss challenges and issues associated with sharing equipment, technology and expertise among nations and organizations to support a national response authority faced with a significant oil spill exceeding the domestic response capacity. Ideas and recommendations were captured and the need for the development of a comprehensive set of guidelines for International Offers of Assistance (IOA) was formed. The U.S. Coast Guard recognized the importance of establishing these guidelines with a broad, global perspective and proposed the concept to the International Maritime Organization's Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC). In July 2011, MEPC approved the proposal submitted by the United States, and added this item to the work program of the Technical Working Group of the IMO Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Co-operation to pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances (OPRC-HNS TG). The OPRC-HNS TG began this work during its 13th session in March 2012, and continues to conduct the bulk of guideline development during intersessional periods via an International Correspondence Group, comprised of a range of national response authorities, spill contractors and industry representatives from around the world. These international guidelines will be available for use by nations as a tool to assist in managing a multitude of requests for and offers of assistance from other countries, regional coordinating bodies, or other entities. This paper summarizes work already completed and still in progress on the development of the IMO International Offers of Assistance Guidelines for oil spills. The ultimate goal for these Guidelines, once completed within the OPRC-HNS TG and approved by MEPC, will be adoption and utilization by IMO Member States, particularly those that are party to OPRC Convention and to the OPRC-HNS Protocol which require States to establish procedures for international cooperation during pollution incidents.

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Veiga, Marlene Calderón, and Jon Wonham. "Applying the “Polluters Pays Principle” to Fund Oil Spill Preparedness in the North East Atlantic1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-1-357.

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ABSTRACT Under Article 6 of the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-Operation (OPRC 1990), states individually or in cooperation with industry or others states shall maintain prepositioned oil spill combating equipment. Furthermore, the preamble of the OPRC 1990 and the HNS-OPRC Protocol 2000 reinforce that the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) should be taken into account as a general principle of international environmental law. With a few exceptions, most of the countries have transferred the costs of preparedness measures to the general taxpayer and have made no attempts to allocate this cost directly to the shipping industry in accordance with PPP. In the North East Atlantic (N??) countries (France, Spain, Portugal, and Morocco), as well as in the majority of countries, the financial costs for maintaining a minimum state of preparedness represent a considerable burden to these governments. Despite this fact, no attempts have been made to transfer this burden to the potential polluter. Based on the inquiries made into the extent to which the PPP presently is being applied to oil spill preparedness, this paper examines the aspects related to the general application of the PPP in the N?? countries.

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Holt, W. F. “Biff.” "IMPLEMENTING THE OPRC—TRANSLATING DIPLOMATIC CONCEPTS INTO REALITY." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1993): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-655.

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Choi, Jong Kil, Jae Kyu Jin, Ming Liang Jin, Cheng Jin An, and Hee-Tae Jung. "Comparison of blend morphologies of the nano-patterned photoactive films via two different techniques: thermal-assisted and solvent-assisted soft-nanoimprint lithography." RSC Adv. 4, no. 24 (2014): 12302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra46489j.

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Depraz, Sophie, Peter Mark Taylor, James A. Thornborough, and Malamine Thiam. "Global Initiative." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-333.

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ABSTRACT The Global Initiative (GI) is defined as an umbrella for various mechanisms by which the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and industry, through the International Petroleum Industry Environment Conservation Association (IPIECA), co-operate to support national and regional implementation of the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response, and Co-operation 1990 (OPRC Convention) and to enhance oil spill preparedness and response capacity through the mobilisation of external assistance and industry support at the national level. The overall aim of GI is to improve and sustain the capability of developing countries to protect their marine and coastal resources at risk from an oil spill incident from any sources, through the implementation of the OPRC Convention. A key feature of the project is the emphasis on promoting industry/government co-operation through the mobilisation of existing and planned industry marine environmental protection expertise and resources. As initially envisaged the project has a global orientation: it directly encourages the ratification of the OPRC Convention and the relevant international liability and compensation conventions and promotes their effective implementation; project activities are undertaken at nationall regional levels to ensure that the weaknesses and gaps peculiar to a certain region are taken care of by moulding the package of training and resource building to address national and regional needs.

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Ayón-Aguilar, Jorge, Norberto Martínez-Luna, Fernando Fernández-Lucas, Socorro Méndez-Martínez, and Patricia Seefoó-Jarquín. "Exactitud de pruebas clínicas para verificar la adecuada colocación del catéter venoso central en Urgencias." Investigación Clínica 62, no. 3 (September 2, 2021): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22209/ic.v62n3a03.

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La utilidad del catéter venoso central (CVC) depende de su adecuada colocación y la radiografía de tórax es el estándar de oro para corroborarla. Para este fin se utilizan pruebas clínicas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos de cinco pruebas clínicas, para verificar la adecuada colocación del CVC, por lo que se realizó un estudio en 128 pacientes ingresados al servicio de Urgencias, con necesidad de colocación de CVC; se realizaron cinco pruebas clínicas: determinación de arritmias (Ar), retorno venoso (RV), oscilación de presión venosa central (OPVC), medición externa (ME) y gasometría venosa central (GVC); la posición del catéter se corroboró con radiografía de tórax. El 97% presentó adecuada colocación del CVC en la radiografía de tórax; los resultados de sensibilidad (Se), especificidad (Sp), valores predictivos positivo (VPP) y negativo (VPN) de las pruebas fueron: Ar: 59,6%, 50%, 97,3% y 3,8%; RV: 100%, 0%, 96,8% y 0%; OPVC: 99,1%, 25%, 97,6% y 50%; ME: 100%, 0%, 96,8% y 0%; GVC: 96,7%, 0%, 96,7% y 0%, respectivamente. Concluimos que si las pruebas clínicas OPVC, Ar y RV resultan positivas, por sus altos valores de sensibilidad y valor predictivo positivo, podrían sustituir la necesidad de realizar una radiografía de tórax inmediata y no retrasar el uso del CVC, siempre y cuando no se sospechen complicaciones secundarias tempranas a la colocación del mismo.

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SIAD, M. B., Z. EL JOUAD, A. KHELIL, A. MOHAMMED KRARROUBI, S. MORSLI, G. NECULQUEO, M. ADDOU, J. C. BERNÈDE, and L. CATTIN. "COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCES OF ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS USING SubPc AS CENTRAL AMBIPOLAR LAYER IN TERNARY STRUCTURES AND AS ELECTRON ACCEPTOR IN BINARY STRUCTURES." Surface Review and Letters 27, no. 07 (December 11, 2019): 1950184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19501841.

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We compare the performances of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) based on binary and ternary planar heterojunctions. The organic active layers are pentathiophene (5T), subphthalocyanine (SubPc) and fullerene (C60). SubPc being an ambipolar material we used it either as electron acceptor in binary OPVCs or as central layer in ternary cells in order to increase the efficiency of OPVCs using 5T as electron donor. So, the different OPVC configurations were 5T/C60, 5T/SubPc and 5T/SubPc/C60. The effect of the different organic layer thicknesses on the device performances was studied. In order to understand the behavior of the different OPVC configurations, we proceeded with a morphological study. The influence of the high roughness of the 5T layer on the OPVCs performances is discussed. The best OPVCs performances are obtained with the binary structure 5T/SubPc. Its maximum efficiency corresponds to an increase of 50% compared to the OPVC based on the couple 5T/C60. External Quantum Efficiency measurements show that both layers participate to the current generation. The efficiency increase is mainly due to the increase of the open circuit voltage ([Formula: see text]). In the case of ternary OPVCs, [Formula: see text] is limited by the band structure of 5T and C60, moreover, the efficiency is also limited by the poor charge collection efficiency of the ternary structure and the series resistance of the three stacked organic layers.

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Neilson, David E., and Robert Tallack. "A Practical Answer to OPRC in the United Kingdom1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 509–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-1-509.

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ABSTRACT The Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation Convention (OPRC 90) came into effect in 1990. Since this date, 52 of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) member states have signed to the convention, and recently the United Kingdom has developed legislation to implement the intent of the convention in that country. The convention requires a number of steps to enhance the preparedness of a country for an oil spill incident. The primary requirements are a focal point within the country, a national contingency plan, cooperation—notification between countries and response resources in-country. The United Kingdom developed legislation, the Merchant Shipping (Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation Convention) Regulations, which became effective on August 15, 1998, although there was a grace period of 1 year before becoming effective on August 15, 1999. This placed a requirement on ports, harbors, and oil-handling facilities to prepare and submit a oil spill response contingency plan to the U.K. government. Within the plan, there is a requirement for the port, harbor, or oil-handling facility to either have in-house or contracted “Tier II” resources. A number of lessons can be drawn from the experience of OPRC 90 implementation in the United Kingdom, and there are lessons for the ports, the Tier II provider, and also for the regulator. The ports themselves had additional requirements placed on their already stretched resources. Industry needed to understand the potential market and plan their investment accordingly. The government agencies, again with limited resources, were tasked with the development of compliance guidelines and administering their internal review. The consultation process with statutory consultees proved a bottleneck in the planning process.

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Nadirashvili, Petre, Manuchar Shishinashvili, and Teimuraz Meqanarishvili. "KNOWLEDGE AND ANALYSIS OF THE OPRC MANAGEMENT IN GEORGIA." Theoretical & Applied Science 62, no. 06 (June 30, 2018): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2018.06.62.27.

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Zhang, Xuejing, Zishu He, Xiang-Gen Xia, Bin Liao, Xuepan Zhang, and Yue Yang. "OPARC: Optimal and Precise Array Response Control Algorithm—Part I: Fundamentals." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 67, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 652–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2018.2885454.

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Yuan, Yong-Sheng, Min Ji, Cai-Ting Gan, Hui-Min Sun, Li-Na Wang, and Ke-Zhong Zhang. "Impaired Interhemispheric Synchrony in Parkinson’s Disease with Fatigue." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12060884.

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The characteristics of interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity (FC) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) with fatigue remain unclear; therefore, we aimed to explore the changes in interhemispheric FC in PD patients with fatigue. Sixteen PD patients with fatigue (PDF), 16 PD patients without fatigue (PDNF) and 15 matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in the retrospective cross-sectional study. We used voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) to analyze the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of these subjects. Compared to PDNF, PDF patients had decreased VMHC values in the supramarginal gyri (SMG). Furthermore, the mean VMHC values of the SMG were negatively correlated with the mean fatigue severity scale (FSS/9) scores (r = −0.754, p = 0.001). Compared to HCs, PDF patients had decreased VMHC in the SMG and in the opercular parts of the inferior frontal gyri (IFG operc). The VMHC values in the IFG operc and middle frontal gyri (MFG) were notably decreased in PDNF patients compared with HCs. Our findings suggest that the reduced VMHC values within the bilateral SMG may be the unique imaging features of fatigue in PD, and may illuminate the neural mechanisms of fatigue in PD.

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Rodríguez García, Orlando. "Políticas petroleras y la maldición de los recursos en Colombia y Ecuador." Papel Político 19, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.papo19-2.oprc.

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El mundo espera que los países petroleros crezcan más rápido. Sin embargo, se observa lo contrario. Esa es la maldición de los recursos, que genera volatilidad económica (Auty, 2009). Algunos académicosaseguran que las instituciones eficientes evitan la maldición (Robinson, Torvik y Verdier, 2006). Otros autores niegan la incidencia de las instituciones (Warner y Sachs, 1995). Este artículopresenta los hallazgos principales de una investigación, que aplica un método comparativo para indagar ¿hasta qué punto la eficiencia institucionalayuda a Colombia y Ecuador a adoptar políticas petroleras, que conduzcan a un crecimientoeconómico estable? Se encontró evidencia de la maldición en las dos economías. Sin embargo,el impacto en Colombia fue menor porque experimentó una transformación institucional, mientras que Ecuador fue debilitado en su ambienteinstitucional. Colombia experimentó un crecimiento económico más estable.

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Rhodes, Katherine A., Nawarat Somprasong, Nicole L. Podnecky, Takehiko Mima, Sunisa Chirakul, and Herbert P. Schweizer. "Molecular determinants of Burkholderia pseudomallei BpeEF-OprC efflux pump expression." Microbiology 164, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 1156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000691.

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Kumar, Ayush, Kim-Lee Chua, and Herbert P. Schweizer. "Method for Regulated Expression of Single-Copy Efflux Pump Genes in a Surrogate Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain: Identification of the BpeEF-OprC Chloramphenicol and Trimethoprim Efflux Pump of Burkholderia pseudomallei 1026b." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 10 (October 2006): 3460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00440-06.

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ABSTRACT Construction and integration of recombinant mini-Tn7 expression vectors into the chromosome of a surrogate, efflux-sensitized, and biosafe Pseudomonas aeruginosa host was validated as a generally applicable method for studies of uncharacterized bacterial efflux pumps. Using this method, the Burkholderia pseudomallei bpeEF-oprC operon was shown to encode a chloramphenicol and trimethoprim efflux pump.

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O'Driscoll, Declan. "Practical Initiative by Pemsea / Earl to Promote OPRC in East Asia." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 909–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-909.

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ABSTRACT The issue of sustainable development is critical for the future prosperity of East Asia. The Region has seen rapid economic progress in recent years but at a cost to the environment. There is significant oil tanker traffic through the seas of East Asia as oil is transported from the Middle East to North Asia. In recent years, there have been a number of significant spills in the region. The oil industry has been active in establishing resources in the region, including East Asia Response Limited, to help with the response to oil spills. A GEF/UNDP/MO initiative PEMSEA (Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia) has been developing and promoting strategies and action plans to ensure better environmental management in East Asia. This can be best achieved by building partnerships amongst all the concerned stakeholders, public and private, at local, national and regional levels. Strengthening the technical and management expertise in environmental issues, including oil spills, of local government officials within the region is a key element in ensuring long term sustainable development. The private sector can play a very useful role in helping to build this expertise. East Asia Response and PEMSEA have been collaborating closely to improve the oil spill response knowledge and expertise of local officials in the region. Delegates to jointly held training courses have come from Brunei, Cambodia, the People's Republic of China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. The courses have allowed us a valuable opportunity to present to the delegates the oil industry's approach to oil spill response. Topics, such as the tiered response concept, contingency planning and net environmental benefit analysis have been well received. Delegates will now be better able to promote oil spill response preparedness and response capability in their home country, thereby, contributing to the sustained development of their economy.

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Hassanov, Anar, Namig Gandilov, Daniel Jayson, Tariel Huseynov, Ilkin Kangarli, Aghalar Ibrahimov, and Peter Mark Taylor. "Government and Industry Cooperation in Practice: Azerbaijan's Experience." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2011, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): abs103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2011-1-103.

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ABSTRACT In recent times, Azerbaijan has seen the development of a significant modern offshore industry. The oil and shipping industries in Azerbaijan bring economic benefits but also give rise to the need for robust oil spill prevention and preparedness measures. Azerbaijan signed the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (OPRC) in 2004 and continues to develop and refine its national system of oil spill response. This paper discusses how the Azerbaijan government and key players in the oil industry have successfully worked together to achieve alignment in prevention, protection and response to major incidents. The implementation of the OPRC Convention is the responsibility of the Ministry of Emergency Situations (MES) of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Within the national response system a national oil spill contingency plan has been developed. The main offshore developments in the Caspian since the 1990s have been led by BP, as operator of a number of Production Sharing Agreements. BP has implemented comprehensive oil spill response plans and is working in partnership with MES to integrate this planning into the national framework. The oil spill management systems adopted by BP and the government are compatible and commensurate with guidance published by the International Maritime Organization in 2011. These aligned management systems allow for an effective Joint Command and coordination of resources in the case of a major incident. The key to building effective oil spill preparedness are a willing dialogue, integrated command structure, joint training and exercising and upgrade of hardware and information systems' software. The cooperation between government and BP relating to offshore risks strengthens the national capacity to deal with spills risks other than from offshore platforms, including the anticipated increase of oil shipments across the Caspian Sea. Furthermore, these efforts have been supported by international organizations and the regional industry initiative, OSPRI, of which BP is a member. The experience of Azerbaijan provides a model demonstrating how partnership between government and industry can achieve synergy and it confirms the importance of signing and implementing the OPRC Convention.

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Park, Woo Jea, Seung Hyun Chae, Jicheol Shin, Dong Hoon Choi, and Suk Joong Lee. "Semiconducting π-extended porphyrin dimer and its characteristics in OFET and OPVC." Synthetic Metals 205 (July 2015): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2015.04.017.

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Du, Xin, Jianlong Xu, Weihong Cai, Changsheng Zhu, and Yindong Chen. "OPRC: An Online Personalized Reputation Calculation Model in Service-Oriented Computing Environments." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 87760–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2925778.

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Yuan-Hong, Sun, Zhao Ke, Wang Chuan-Kui, Luo Yi, Yan Yun-Xing, Tao Xu-Tang, and Jiang Min-Hua. "Theoretical studies on nonlinear optical properties of two newly synthesized compounds: EPVPC and OPVPC." Chinese Physics 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2004): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-1963/14/1/021.

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Zhang, Xuejing, Zishu He, Xiang-Gen Xia, Bin Liao, Xuepan Zhang, and Yue Yang. "OPARC: Optimal and Precise Array Response Control Algorithm—Part II: Multi-Points and Applications." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 67, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 668–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2018.2885492.

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Moller, T. H., F. C. Molloy, and H. M. Thomas. "Oil Spill Risks and the State of Preparedness in the Regional Seas." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-919.

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ABSTRACT The International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation, 1990 (OPRC Convention) defines the basic elements for co-operation between government and industry in marine pollution response. Emphasis is given in the Convention to developing contingency plans, equipment stocks, research and development initiatives, training and exercise programmes, and appropriate spill notification procedures for shipping. This paper reviews the current status of the partnership between government and industry for dealing with spills arising from the transportation of oil by sea. Three areas are explored: the risk of spills, environmental sensitivity issues, and the capabilities for dealing with oil spills in different regions of the world The format for the study is based on the Regional Seas and Partner Seas Programme initiated by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and supported by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). For each region, the main factors contributing to the risk of oil spills are identified, analysed and discussed in relation to the current pattern of oil transportation by sea. Comparisons are made with data on major oil pollution incidents drawn from ITOPF's oil spill database. Priorities and activities in the different regions are considered and the implications for oil spill response are discussed. Finally, the commitment and capabilities for mounting effective spill response measures in the different regions are gauged, with particular reference to the tenets of the OPRC Convention.

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Bennett, Bernard. "UNITED KINGDOM TRAINING STANDARDS: IMPLEMENTATION AND ACCREDITATION." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 1012–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-1012.

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ABSTRACT To comply with the OPRC Convention, and having limited spill response training resources, the U.K. Competent National Authority for Oil Spill Response has elected to invite other training bodies to conduct training on their behalf. Standards were drawn up and training bodies were invited to submit course plans meeting such standards. Organizations will be vetted by an independent body, the Nautical Institute, and if successful, will gain accreditation. The U.K. course standard development took full account of IMO level training.

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Podnecky, Nicole L., Vanaporn Wuthiekanun, Sharon J. Peacock, and Herbert P. Schweizer. "The BpeEF-OprC Efflux Pump Is Responsible for Widespread Trimethoprim Resistance in Clinical and Environmental Burkholderia pseudomallei Isolates." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 9 (July 1, 2013): 4381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00660-13.

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ABSTRACTTrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) is the primary drug used for oral eradication therapy ofBurkholderia pseudomalleiinfections (melioidosis). Here, we demonstrate that trimethoprim resistance is widespread in clinical and environmental isolates from northeast Thailand and northern Australia. This resistance was shown to be due to BpeEF-OprC efflux pump expression. No dihydrofolate reductase target mutations were involved, although frequent insertion of ISBma2 was noted within the putativefolAtranscriptional terminator. All isolates tested remained susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, suggesting that resistance to trimethoprim alone in these strains probably does not affect the efficacy of co-trimoxazole therapy.

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Foong, Steve Z. Y., and Denny K. S. Ng. "A systematic approach for synthesis and optimisation of sustainable oil palm value chain (OPVC)." South African Journal of Chemical Engineering 41 (July 2022): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2022.05.001.

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Couzigo, Benjamin, Brian Peter, and Herbert Silonero. "EVOLUTION OF REGIONAL RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS IN THE WIDER CARIBBEAN THROUGH RAC/REMPEITC-CARIBE: ENHANCING A LONG TERM CYCLE." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 1117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-1117.

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ABSTRACT RAC/REMPEITC-Caribe is a United Nation'S Regional Activity Centre, established in 1994 by the International Maritime Organization and the United Nations Environment Program for the Caribbean Sea. The Centre exists to assists countries in the Wider Caribbean region and Latin America to prevent and respond to major oil pollution incidents. While developing a systematic approach to capacity building, resulting in comprehensive regional projects including the Caribbean Islands Regional OPRC Plan and the Central America CAOP Project (design to establish a Central America Regional OPRC Plan), the constant interaction of the Centre within the region with the various cultures of response preparedness, regularly raises the following questions:– How to improve a standard, constant, and effective system for capacity building in regards to contingency planning?– How to improve the co-operation between the regional partners?– How to define a better mechanism for funding? The analysis of the last ten years activities developed by the Centre shows the alternation of established priorities developed under the objectives of the strategic plan for enhancing regional response preparedness. Key components for the definition of a long term development cycle, required to build capacity, and enhance regional co-operation, are identified. The elements to stand out are:– the development of a constructive succession in the activities thematic;– a time frame of 5 years to complete a cycle for a regional centre with RAC/REMPEITC characteristics;– the key role of metrics to assess priorities for the cycle;– the need of a common overview of the process to facilitate co-operation / co-ordination;– the need of sustained commitment. The identification of those parameters allow a regional centre to clarify the status of national contingency planning for governments, establish the extent of training and exercises needed in the region and most importantly, facilitates the synchronization of resources and support between stakeholders.

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Sworna Kokila, M. L., and V. Gomathi. "A unique approach of person reidentification using auto track regression framework." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 42, no. 4 (March 4, 2022): 4277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-201977.

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Automatic Person Re-identification by video surveillance is commonly used in different applications. Perhaps the human uniqueness criteria for tracking the presence of the same person across multiple camera views and a person’s growth identification is extremely challenging. To solve the above problem, we propose an efficient Auto Track Regression System (ATRF) based on a deep learning technique that uses an eminent representation strategy along with recognition. In this work, the Auto Wiley Detective (AWD) approach is proposed for the representation of features that can collect valuable information by monitoring individuals. After obtaining important information on the characteristics, it is possible to define the personal growth identity of the generation. The OPVC (Original Pick Virtual Classifier) is used for accurate classification of the queried person from a dense area by utilizing features of a person’s growth identity extracted from feature extraction by the Auto Wiley Detection Method. The proposed Originated Pick Virtual Classifier (OPVC) uses Platt scaling (originated pick) on probit regression (virtual) to train the featured data set for accurate person re-identification, which is boosted by the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions to reduce false re-identification. Since the gallery information is trained using the Backpropagation method and smoothened analysis through approximated output, the Auto Wiley Detection Method proficiently detects the required information automatically. This also helps to detect the person query image from the database, which contains a vast collection of video images based on the similarity features identified in the query image and the detailed features extracted from the query image. The classification is completed automatically, and then the Person Re-Identification from the databases is performed accurately and efficiently. Henceforth, the proposed work effectively extracts reliable height and age estimates with improved flexibility and individual re-identifying capabilities.

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Yoneyama, H., and T. Nakae. "Protein C (OprC) of the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a copper-regulated channel protein." Microbiology 142, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 2137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/13500872-142-8-2137.

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Hong, Chong-You, Yu-Chun Wu, Yu-Hsiang Lin, Yang Liu, Chi-Wai Chow, Hsin-Fei Meng, Yi-Ming Chang, Chien-Hung Yeh, Ke-Ling Hsu, and Shao-Hua Song. "Visible light positioning (VLP) system using low-cost organic photovoltaic cell (OPVC) for low illumination environments." Optics Express 28, no. 18 (August 20, 2020): 26137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.399711.

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Pérez, F. J., D. Navarro, C. Gimeno, and J. García-de-Lomas. "Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates to Ceftazidime Is Unrelated to the Expression of the Outer Membrane Protein OprC." Chemotherapy 43, no. 1 (1997): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000239531.

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Lee, Hak Sung, Sung Cheol Yoon, Jongsun Lim, Myongsoo Lee, and Changjin Lee. "Novel 1,3-Diketone Modified Fullerenes for Organic Photovoltaic Cells." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 4533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.ic03.

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The feasibility of novel 1,3-diketone modified C60s (compound 1 and 2) was studied as acceptor materials in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVC). 1,3-Diketone modified fullerenes were synthesized by the addition reaction of 1,3-bis(5′-hexylthiophen-2′-yl)propane-1,3-dione with C60 in the presence of DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene). From this procedure two products can be prepared, which are mono- (1) and di-substituted compound (2) in the yield of 40% and 17%, respectively. OPVCs fabricated by using the mixture of P3HT and compound 1 as an active layer showed excellent power conversion efficiency of about 3.42% after annealed at 160 °C for 15 min and we believe that substantial improvements can be realized by nano-structured heterojunction. It was demonstrated that 1,3-diketone modified C60 (compound 1) was one of the promising candidates for acceptor materials for OPVCs.

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Хамбулатова, З. Р. "ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ ФИНАНСОВОЙ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРОЕКТОВ." Итоговая научно-практическая конференция профессорско-преподавательского состава, посвященная году науки и технологии, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36684/36-2021-1-311-316.

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У правительств не всегда есть средства для строительства транспортных и других инфраструктурных проектов, которые являются экономически оправданными, экологически и социально безопасными. При определенных обстоятельствах проекты, отвечающие таким условиям, могут быть реализованы с привлечением частного финансирования через государственно-частное партнерство (ГЧП), которое является средством завершения проектов за счет использования ограниченных государственных ресурсов. В проекте ГЧП источники доходов для частного партнера (или концессионера) могут включать (1) пользователей объекта (например, платные дороги), (2) правительство (например, через платежи за доступность, капитальные гранты и теневые сборы).), и (3) как пользователи, так и правительство, что обычно называют гибридной концессией. В качестве ключевого шага при рассмотрении вопроса о привлечении частных инвесторов для таких проектов лица, принимающие решения, и практикующие специалисты должны оценить свою финансовую жизнеспособность, и это могут значительно облегчить доступные сейчас относительно простые инструменты. В статье рассматриваются и приводятся примеры двух существующих инструментов для оценки финансовой жизнеспособности: (1) гибридных дорожных проектов ГЧП, которые включают как плату за проезд, так и плату за доступность; и (2) дорожные контракты, ориентированные на результат и эффективность (OPBRC), которые включают платежи со стороны государства. Основные результаты, полученные с помощью обеих моделей, включают внутреннюю норму доходности проекта, внутреннюю норму доходности собственного капитала, годовой коэффициент покрытия долга и приведенную стоимость денежного потока правительства.

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Bennett, Bernie, and Yvette Osikilo. "THE IPIECA OIL SPILL WORKING GROUP 20:20 VISION REFLECTIONS AND PROJECTIONS ON OUR 20TH ANNIVERSARY." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 1093–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-1093.

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ABSTRACT The International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) Oil Spill Working Group (OSWG) is celebrating its 20th anniversary. Its mission has been, through education, training and awareness initiatives, to enhance the state of preparedness and response to marine oil spill incidents in priority coastal locations around the world. Its programme is carried out in close cooperation with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and operates within the context of the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (OPRC), 1990. The OSWG is made up of oil spill managers and specialists from IPIECA member companies and associations, supported by invited representatives from other organisations in the oil spill response community. It aims to ensure that the full range of industry interests is adequately reflected in its work programme. Coordination between these industry-based organisations and the IMO remains an essential ingredient in the success of the OSWG programme This paper reviews the main activities and achievements of the IPIECA OSWG over the last 20 years and attempt to illustrate and measure the impact of its work on global oil spill preparedness. We then hypothesize as to how the work of the IPIECA OSWG might develop over the next 20 years, which could serve as future strategic/planning guidance.

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Castellanos, Luis Alberto Leal, Iván Narvález, César Julio Aldana, Franklin Velasco, and Juan Miguel Moyano. "Ecopetrol - Petroecuador Oil Spill Response Agreement – Practical Steps to Effective Regional Cooperation." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-923.

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ABSTRACT In July 1998, there was an environmental emergency caused by an oil spill in an Ecuadorian pipeline operated by PETROECUADOR (Petróleos del Ecuador). One part of the spilled volume reached the Pacific Ocean and the marine currents caused the oil slick to approach the Colombian coast, creating an environmental hazard. ECOPETROL (Empresa Colombiana de Petróleos) activated its contingency plan in the Port of Tumaco to meet the emergency. As a result of the above experience both companies signed a Mutual Cooperation Agreement to Combat and Control Oil Spills Caused by Oil Tankers and Coastal and Marine Oil Facilities, in October 1999. The Agreement was established in order to allow for a quick and effective joint response in emergency situations of this nature. The bilateral agreement is activated when resources, staff and equipment of the affected party are insufficient. At present it is under implementation. In addition, ECOPETROL and PETROECUADOR, as part of the regional cooperation process on oil spill contingency planning led by ARPEL in Latin America and the Caribbean, involved the Agreement in the framework of the environmental cooperation program with the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) to optimize such agreement. This bilateral agreement represents the first real case in Latin America in terms of implementation of the Cooperation in the OPRC 90 Convention, through the joint work of government/industry, and serves as an example for the other countries in the Region.

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O’Brien, Michael L., Rhys Jones, and David M. Moore. "Preparedness Decision Making in Offshore Oil and Gas - How much is enough?" International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 782–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.782.

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ABSTRACT 2017-125: A key challenge in offshore oil spill contingency planning is determining how much preparedness is enough. In other words, planning what types and quantities of oil spill response equipment, resources, and expertise ought to be held in readiness and with what mobilisation and deployment times, just in case a major oil spill occurs. For the offshore oil and gas sector much of the information required to plan for a response to a major incident, such as the location of the spill source, oil type, potential release rate and volume, local climate and metocean conditions, and environmental sensitivities, is already known or can be predicted. In this paper a process for determining appropriate levels of preparedness for offshore oil spill risk is proposed and analysed outside the realm of specific national regulatory frameworks. It is suggested that the approach has validity across all jurisdictions and is consistent with the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC). The approach begins with detailed activity and location-specific oil spill risk assessment which produces information on response needs, which is subsequently used in strategic and tactical response planning processes to describe the necessary response equipment and resources. Once the response resource requirements are established, optimal preparedness arrangements can then be designed that are specific to the nature and scale of the risk and the availability/criticality of the required response resources.

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Rumbo, C., E. Gato, M. López, C. Ruiz de Alegría, F. Fernández-Cuenca, L. Martínez-Martínez, J. Vila, et al. "Contribution of Efflux Pumps, Porins, and β-Lactamases to Multidrug Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 11 (August 12, 2013): 5247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00730-13.

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ABSTRACTWe investigated the mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, glycylcyclines, tetracyclines, and quinolones in 90 multiresistant clinical strains ofAcinetobacter baumanniiisolated from two genetically unrelatedA. baumanniiclones: clone PFGE-ROC-1 (53 strains producing the OXA-58 β-lactamase enzyme and 18 strains with the OXA-24 β-lactamase) and clone PFGE-HUI-1 (19 strains susceptible to carbapenems). We used real-time reverse transcriptase PCR to correlate antimicrobial resistance (MICs) with expression of genes encoding chromosomal β-lactamases (AmpC and OXA-51), porins (OmpA, CarO, Omp33, Dcap-like, OprB, Omp25, OprC, OprD, and OmpW), and proteins integral to six efflux systems (AdeABC, AdeIJK, AdeFGH, CraA, AbeM, and AmvA). Overexpression of the AdeABC system (level of expression relative to that byA. baumanniiATCC 17978, 30- to 45-fold) was significantly associated with resistance to tigecycline, minocycline, and gentamicin and other biological functions. However, hyperexpression of the AdeIJK efflux pump (level of expression relative to that byA. baumanniiATCC 17978, 8- to 10-fold) was significantly associated only with resistance to tigecycline and minocycline (to which the TetB efflux system also contributed). TetB and TetA(39) efflux pumps were detected in clinical strains and were associated with resistance to tetracyclines and doxycycline. The absence of the AdeABC system and the lack of expression of other mechanisms suggest that tigecycline-resistant strains of the PFGE-HUI-1 clone may be associated with a novel resistance-nodulation-cell efflux pump (decreased MICs in the presence of the inhibitor Phe-Arg β-naphthylamide dihydrochloride) and the TetA(39) system.

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Chirskov, P. R., T. L. A. Bui, D. V. Ustinov, A. D. Viktorov, and I. B. Zakharova. "Comparative Analysis of Potential Determinants of Resistance to Aminoglycosides in <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> Strains with Different Level of Sensitivity to Gentamicin." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 3 (October 30, 2022): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2022-3-158-163.

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The aim of the study was to identify and compare potential determinants of aminoglycoside resistance in gentamicin susceptible Burkholderia pseudomallei strains.Materials and methods. A bioinformatics analysis of whole genome shotgun sequences of three B. pseudomallei strains having different levels of sensitivity to gentamicin was carried out.Results and discussion. B. pseudomallei is intrinsically resistant to aminoglycosides. Such strains, as a rule, are not taken into account in the classical scheme of isolation and identification. At the same time, there were no significant differences in the clinical manifestations of melioidosis during infection with gentamicin-resistant and sensitive strains. In B. pseudomallei strains of different sequence types (ST70, ST948, and ST1566), point missense mutations were found in the genes of three efflux pumps of the RND family: AmrAB-OprA, BpeAB-OprB, BpeEF-OprC, and one with unknown functions, as well as in the gene aminoglycoside-6’-N-acetyltransferase AAC(6’)-III. All three strains had amino acid substitutions in the AmrA periplasmic linker: ARG160SER, Arg116Gln and Gly237Arg, Thr317Lys, respectively. In moderately sensitive strains (ST948 and ST1566), an identical Val222Met substitution was found in the repressor of the AmrAB-OprA operon, AmrR. It is likely that the intermediate level of sensitivity to gentamicin in the studied strains is mediated by the constitutive expression of the AmrAB-OprA operon, which partially compensates for the structural defects. It is also possible that a dinucleotide deletion in the AAC (6’)-III aminoglycoside-6’-N-acetyltransferase gene, as well as detected mutations in the homologues of the periplasmic linker (BPSL2234) of an uncharacterized efflux operon of the RND family, are involved in the loss of resistance to gentamicin.

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Guevarra, Joselito. "THE INCOMING REGIONAL RESPONSE REGIME IN ASEAN." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 837–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.837.

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ABSTRACT After more than 20 years of work, the Southeast Asian region is poised to finalize a landmark Regional Oil Spill Contingency Plan (ROSCP), which will form a solid foundation for a new regional response regime. The development of a Regional Plan is a commitment made by the ten member states of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and is currently undergoing internal approval by the ASEAN Maritime Transport Working Group (MTWG) prior to implementation. The ASEAN member states committed to supporting the Regional Plan when the Transport Ministers of each member country signed the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the ASEAN Cooperation Mechanism for Joint Oil Spill Preparedness and Response on November 28, 2014. This MoU is the renewed and revitalized ASEAN Oil Spill Response Action Plan (OSRAP) that was signed in 1994 but was never implemented. The MoU is based on the principles of the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (OPRC 1990), specifically Articles 5, 6, 7 and 10. The aim of this paper is to document the historical evolution of the Regional Plan, starting from the early days of ASEAN until 2015 where it was developed by the ten member states. More importantly, this paper will highlight the current status of oil spill preparedness and response regimes in the region and how these will likely integrate into the Regional Plan when it is finally adopted. This will offer a unique perspective on the dynamics of intergovernmental agreements and on the important role of the oil and gas industry in helping governments achieve their goals of preparedness and response through capacity building and other activities, including through the partnership between the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the Global Oil and Gas Industry Association for Environmental and Social Issues (IPIECA) which manages the Global Initiative for Southeast Asia (GISEA) Programme.

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Thummeepak, Rapee, Renuka Pooalai, Christian Harrison, Lucy Gannon, Aunchalee Thanwisai, Narisara Chantratita, Andrew D. Millard, and Sutthirat Sitthisak. "Essential Gene Clusters Involved in Copper Tolerance Identified in Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical and Environmental Isolates." Pathogens 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9010060.

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Copper is widely used as antimicrobial in agriculture and medicine. Copper tolerance mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria have been proven to be required for both copper tolerance and survival during bacterial infections. Here, we determined both copper-tolerant phenotype and genotype in A. baumannii originated from clinical and environmental samples. Using copper susceptibility testing, copper-tolerant A. baumannii could be found in both clinical and environmental isolates. Genotypic study revealed that representative copper-related genes of the cluster A (cueR), B (pcoAB), and D (oprC) were detected in all isolates, while copRS of cluster C was detected in only copper-tolerant A. baumannii isolates. Moreover, we found that copper-tolerant phenotype was associated with amikacin resistance, while the presence of copRS was statistically associated with blaNDM-1. We chose the A. baumannii strain AB003 as a representative of copper-tolerant isolate to characterize the effect of copper treatment on external morphology as well as on genes responsible for copper tolerance. The morphological features and survival of A. baumannii AB003 were affected by its exposure to copper, while whole-genome sequencing and analysis showed that it carried fourteen copper-related genes located on four clusters, and cluster C of AB003 was found to be embedded on genomic island G08. Transcriptional analysis of fourteen copper-related genes identified in AB003 revealed that copper treatment induced the expressions of genes of clusters A, B, and D at the micromolar level, while genes of cluster C were over-expressed at the millimolar levels of copper. This study showed that both clinical and environmental A. baumannii isolates have the ability to tolerate copper and carried numerous copper tolerance determinants including intrinsic copper tolerance (clusters A, B, and D) and acquired copper tolerance (cluster C) that could respond to copper toxicity. Our evidence suggests that we need to reconsider the use of copper in hospitals and other medical environments to prevent the selection and spread of copper-tolerant organisms.

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Journal articles on the topic 'OPvrc'

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