Academic literature on the topic 'Opto-electronic device systems'

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Journal articles on the topic "Opto-electronic device systems"

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Boyanov, Petar. "PRIMARY PROCESSING OF SIGNALS IN AN OPTO-ELECTRONIC DEVICES." Journal Scientific and Applied Research 8, no. 1 (November 14, 2015): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v8i1.172.

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The energy efficiency of systems for primary processing of signals in opto-electronic devices is analyzed for the case of identification and study of remote objects against a bright background and under low-contrast conditions. A criterion is determined for evaluating the energy efficiency of the major unit of the system for primary signal processing - the optic system, and some expressions are derived, relating the value of the signal-to-noise ratio at the device's input with these criteria (amplification factor) and other "ideal" or "real" optic systems' parameters. The specific thing here is the operation of the system for primary processing of signals when the value of recorded contrast equals 1 percent or less. As an evaluation criterion for the energy efficiency of this system, the signal-to-noise ratio is used. Comparative evaluation of various systems for primary processing of signals operating under low-contrast conditions and specific values of the signal-to-noise ratio is performed. The operation analysis for the system for primary processing of information (signals) under low-contrast conditions is performed accounting for the impact of the optic system. The evaluation criterion for the energy efficiency of the major unit of the system for primary processing of information (the optic system) is the amplification factor, which determines the limit value for the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the optic-electronic device. The assumption is made that the flow, which determines the circle's area, is uniformly distributed, which does not cause significant errors in evaluating the energy efficiency of the optic-electronic system.
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Getzov, Petar. "EFFICIENCY OF A SYSTEM FOR PRIMARY PROCESSING OF SIGNALS IN AN OPTO-ELECTRONIC DEVICE." Journal Scientific and Applied Research 12, no. 1 (November 12, 2017): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v12i1.221.

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The energy efficiency of systems for primary processing of signals in optoelectronic devices is analyzed for the case of identification and study of remote objects against a bright background and under low-contrast conditions. A criterion is determined for evaluating the energy efficiency of the major unit of the system for primary signal processing - the optic system, and some expressions are derived, relating the value of the signal-to-noise ratio at the device’s input with these criteria (amplification factor) and other “ideal†or “real†optic systems’ parameters. The specific thing here is the operation of the system for primary processing of signals when the value of recorded contrast equals 1 percent or less. As an evaluation criterion for the energy efficiency of this system, the signal-to-noise ratio is used. Comparative evaluation of various systems for primary processing of signals operating under low-contrast conditions and specific values of the signal-to-noise ratio is performed. The operation analysis for the system for primary processing of information (signals) under low-contrast conditions is performed accounting for the impact of the optic system.
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Zhekov, Zhivko, and Garo Mardirossian. "ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF A SYSTEM FOR PRIMARY PROCESSING OF SIGNALS IN AN OPTO-ELECTRONIC DEVICE OPERATION UNDER LOW-CONTRAST CONDITIONS." Journal Scientific and Applied Research 19, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v19i1.288.

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The energy efficiency of systems for primary processing of signals in optoelectronic devices is analyzed for the case of identification and study of remote objects against a bright background and under low-contrast conditions. A criterion is determined for evaluating the energy efficiency of the major unit of the system for primary signal processing the optic system, and some expressions are derived, relating the value of the signal-to-noise ratio at the device’s input with these criteria (amplification factor) and other “ideal” or “real” optic systems’ parameters. The specific thing here is the operation of the system for primary processing of signals when the value of recorded contrast equals 1 percent or less. As an evaluation criterion for the energy efficiency of this system, the signal-to-noise ratio is used. Comparative evaluation of various systems for primary processing of signals operating under low-contrast conditions and specific values of the signal-to-noise ratio is performed. The operation analysis for the system for primary processing of information (signals) under low-contrast conditions is performed accounting for the impact of the optic system. The evaluation criterion for the energy efficiency of the major unit of the system for primary processing of information (the optic system) is the amplification factor, which determines the limit value for the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the optic-electronic device. The assumption is made that the flow, which determines the circle’s area, is uniformly distributed, which does not cause significant errors in evaluating the energy efficiency of the optic- electronic system.
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Polley, Debanjan, Akshay Pattabi, Jyotirmoy Chatterjee, Sucheta Mondal, Kaushalya Jhuria, Hanuman Singh, Jon Gorchon, and Jeffrey Bokor. "Progress toward picosecond on-chip magnetic memory." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 14 (April 4, 2022): 140501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083897.

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We offer a perspective on the prospects of ultrafast spintronics and opto-magnetism as a pathway to high-performance, energy-efficient, and non-volatile embedded memory in digital integrated circuit applications. Conventional spintronic devices, such as spin-transfer-torque magnetic-resistive random-access memory (STT-MRAM) and spin–orbit torque MRAM, are promising due to their non-volatility, energy-efficiency, and high endurance. STT-MRAMs are now entering into the commercial market; however, they are limited in write speed to the nanosecond timescale. Improvement in the write speed of spintronic devices can significantly increase their usefulness as viable alternatives to the existing CMOS-based devices. In this article, we discuss recent studies that advance the field of ultrafast spintronics and opto-magnetism. An optimized ferromagnet–ferrimagnet exchange-coupled magnetic stack, which can serve as the free layer of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), can be optically switched in as fast as ∼3 ps. Integration of ultrafast magnetic switching of a similar stack into an MTJ device has enabled electrical readout of the switched state using a relatively larger tunneling magnetoresistance ratio. Purely electronic ultrafast spin–orbit torque induced switching of a ferromagnet has been demonstrated using ∼6 ps long charge current pulses. We conclude our Perspective by discussing some of the challenges that remain to be addressed to accelerate ultrafast spintronics technologies toward practical implementation in high-performance digital information processing systems.
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Tóth, Zsolt, Miklós Tóth, Júlia Katalin Jósvai, Franciska Tóth, Norbert Flórián, Veronika Gergócs, and Miklós Dombos. "Automatic Field Detection of Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with a New Probe." Insects 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11080486.

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The Western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a significant invasive pest of maize plantations in Europe. Integrated pest management demands an adequate monitoring system which detects the activity of insects with high accuracy in real-time. In this study, we show and test a new electronic device (ZooLog KLP), which was developed to detect WCR in the field. The ZooLog KLP consists of a trapping element that attracts insects with its color and species-specific sex pheromone. The other part is an opto-electronic sensor-ring which detects the specimens when they fall into the trap. At detection, the time of catch is recorded and sent to a web interface. In this study, we followed WCR flight patterns for six weeks in two locations, using ZooLog KLP probes. We investigated sensor precision by comparing the number of catches to the number of detections. The tool reached high accuracy (95.84%) in recording WCR. We found a peak in flight activity in August and a bimodal daily pattern. This method may be beneficial in detecting the WCR during their activity, and this new device may serve as a prototype for real-time monitoring systems and improve the management of this pest.
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Sorger, Volker. "Editorial." Nanophotonics 4, no. 1 (May 22, 2015): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0009.

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AbstractThe year 2015 will likely have a unique place in the history books for the optics and photonics community, since it is paired with various events that are exciting for this field. For one it is the 125th birthday of the Optical Society (OSA), and in addition, the United Nations declared 2015 to be the Year Of Light. The first special issue of this year is dedicated to the topic of “Emerging Materials on Nanophotonics”. While the field of nanophotonics has seen tremendous momentum through the support of plasmonics, opto-mechanics, and quantum photonics, it often are both the breakthroughs and continuing developments of materials that bring enabling opportunities for this field. For instance, the area of 2D materials has grown out of its infancy being focused on Graphene into a crossdisciplinary subject area. Here, both scientific and engineering potential are seen in a) novel physical effects, b) higher functionality, and c) smaller form factors all found in one material option. Coincidentally, theUSNational Science Foundation recently held a path findingworkshop on 2D materials Beyond Graphene, and followed through with a dedicated two-year program to fund engineering innovations of the same. Here, the bandgap tunability of trimetal Dichalcogenides (TMD) has found to bear rich bandgap tunability via composition, alloying, and altering design options such as substrate choices or stress, thus providing a large variety of functions. In this context it is interesting to note, that with the many material choices for TMDs, the importance of targeted approaches towards accelerated material-to-marketwas raised in theMaterial Genome Initiative by the US White House. However, with the fundamental challenge of nanophotonics – weak interactions between light and matter – the choice of materials as both device building block and functionality delivery option needs to be synergistically considered. In this regard metal optics is seen as an emerging field that is able to contribute to this design evolution of devices and systems with ever growing constrains. However, materials with new functionalities and *Corresponding Author: Volker Sorger: E-mail: sorger@email.gwu.edu form factors allow utilizing field enhancement techniques in an unprecedented way. This, for instance, enables subwavelength scale photonic and opto-electronic devices with performance improvements such as utilized by the Purcell effect in light emitters, detectors, or electro-optic switching devices. On the other hand, certain novel materials are able to clearly outperform any existing option; for instance transparent-conductive-oxides (TCO) have been found to be able to alter its refractive index by unity. Lastly, with the maturing of silicon photonics as an on-chip optics platform, higher integration options are considered in this special issue; passive devices such as waveguides made out of the electro-optically active Lithium Niobate aid highfunctionality systems on-chip. However, these novel materials and subsequent devices and systems need to be compared and benchmarked in order to be a guide for the next phase of opto-electronic integration and other technologies as carried out by some contributions of this special issue.As the festivities around this Year Of Light continue, this special issue summarizes some of the interesting work around the emerging materials for nanophotonics. Concluding, I would like to thank for the input and help of the fellow Guest Editors, Jenifer Dionne, Alexandra Boltasseva, and Luke Sweatlock along with the Nanophotonics staff, Dennis Couwenberg and Tara Dorrian. Sincerely
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Jana, Susmita, Arka Bandyopadhyay, Sujoy Datta, Debaprem Bhattacharya, and Debnarayan Jana. "Emerging properties of carbon based 2D material beyond graphene." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 5 (November 10, 2021): 053001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac3075.

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Abstract Graphene turns out to be the pioneering material for setting up boulevard to a new zoo of recently proposed carbon based novel two dimensional (2D) analogues. It is evident that their electronic, optical and other related properties are utterly different from that of graphene because of the distinct intriguing morphology. For instance, the revolutionary emergence of Dirac cones in graphene is particularly hard to find in most of the other 2D materials. As a consequence the crystal symmetries indeed act as a major role for predicting electronic band structure. Since tight binding calculations have become an indispensable tool in electronic band structure calculation, we indicate the implication of such method in graphene’s allotropes beyond hexagonal symmetry. It is to be noted that some of these graphene allotropes successfully overcome the inherent drawback of the zero band gap nature of graphene. As a result, these 2D nanomaterials exhibit great potential in a broad spectrum of applications, viz nanoelectronics, nanooptics, gas sensors, gas storages, catalysis, and other specific applications. The miniaturization of high performance graphene allotrope based gas sensors to microscopic or even nanosized range has also been critically discussed. In addition, various optical properties like the dielectric functions, optical conductivity, electron energy loss spectra reveal that these systems can be used in opto-electronic devices. Nonetheless, the honeycomb lattice of graphene is not superconducting. However, it is proposed that the tetragonal form of graphene can be intruded to form new hybrid 2D materials to achieve novel superconducting device at attainable conditions. These dynamic experimental prospects demand further functionalization of these systems to enhance the efficiency and the field of multifunctionality. This topical review aims to highlight the latest advances in carbon based 2D materials beyond graphene from the basic theoretical as well as future application perspectives.
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D’Amico, Moreno, Edyta Kinel, Gabriele D’Amico, and Piero Roncoletta. "A Self-Contained 3D Biomechanical Analysis Lab for Complete Automatic Spine and Full Skeleton Assessment of Posture, Gait and Run." Sensors 21, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 3930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113930.

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Quantitative functional assessment of Posture and Motion Analysis of the entire skeleton and spine is highly desirable. Nonetheless, in most studies focused on posture and movement biomechanics, the spine is only grossly depicted because of its required level of complexity. Approaches integrating pressure measurement devices with stereophotogrammetric systems have been presented in the literature, but spine biomechanics studies have rarely been linked to baropodometry. A new multi-sensor system called GOALS-E.G.G. (Global Opto-electronic Approach for Locomotion and Spine-Expert Gait Guru), integrating a fully genlock-synched baropodometric treadmill with a stereophotogrammetric device, is introduced to overcome the above-described limitations. The GOALS-EGG extends the features of a complete 3D parametric biomechanical skeleton model, developed in an original way for static 3D posture analysis, to kinematic and kinetic analysis of movement, gait and run. By integrating baropodometric data, the model allows the estimation of lower limb net-joint forces, torques and muscle power. Net forces and torques are also assessed at intervertebral levels. All the elaborations are completely automatised up to the mean behaviour extraction for both posture and cyclic-repetitive tasks, allowing the clinician/researcher to perform, per each patient, multiple postural/movement tests and compare them in a unified statistically reliable framework.
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Simoncig, Alberto, Michele Manfredda, Giulio Gaio, Nicola Mahne, Lorenzo Raimondi, Claudio Fava, Simone Gerusina, et al. "AC/DC: The FERMI FEL Split and Delay Optical Device for Ultrafast X-ray Science." Photonics 9, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9050314.

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Free-electron lasers (FELs) are the most advanced class of light-sources, by virtue of their unique capability to lase high-brightness pulses characterized by wavelengths spanning the extreme-ultraviolet, the soft and hard X-ray spectral domains, as well as by temporal lengths lying in the femtosecond (fs) timescale. The next step to push the current standards in ultrafast X-ray science is strongly linked to the possibility of engineering and exploiting time-resolved experiments exclusively for FELs pulses, ideally having different colors tunable at specific electronic resonance of the chemical elements. At the seeded FERMI FEL (Trieste, Italy) this goal is committed to the optical device known as AC/DC, which stands for the auto correlator/delay creator. AC/DC is designed to double the incoming FEL pulse splitting the photon beam by inserting a grazing incidence flat mirror, thus preserving the spectral and temporal properties, and further delaying one of these two pulses in time. It can independently tune the FEL pulses fluence on the two optical paths by means of solid-state filters, too. Here, we present a detailed description about this optical device. Strong emphasis is dedicated to the AC/DC opto-mechanical design and to the laser-based feedback systems implemented to compensate for any mismatch affecting the FEL optical trajectory, ascribable to both mechanical imperfections and paraxial errors rising during a temporal delay scan.
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Quijada, César. "Special Issue: Conductive Polymers: Materials and Applications." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 20, 2020): 2344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102344.

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Intrinsically conductive polymers (CPs) combine the inherent mechanical properties of organic polymers with charge transport, opto-electronic and redox properties that can be easily tuned up to those typical of semiconductors and metals. The control of the morphology at the nanoscale and the design of CP-based composite materials have expanded their multifunctional character even further. These virtues have been exploited to advantage in opto-electronic devices, energy-conversion and storage systems, sensors and actuators, and more recently in applications related to biomedical and separation science or adsorbents for pollutant removal. The special issue “Conductive Polymers: Materials and Applications” was compiled by gathering contributions that cover the latest advances in the field, with special emphasis upon emerging applications.
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Books on the topic "Opto-electronic device systems"

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International Symposium on Opto-Electronic Imaging (1985 New Delhi, India). Opto-electronic imaging: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Opto-Electronic Imaging, December 2-5, 1985, New Delhi, India. Edited by Juyal D. P. 1941-, Mehta P. C. 1943-, Sharma M. K. 1941-, Instruments Research and Development Establishment., India. Ministry of Defence. Research and Development Organisation., and Optical Society of India. Dehra Dun: Instruments Research and Development Establishment, 1987.

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Structural Dynamics of Micro- and Opto-Electronic Systems. Wiley, 2009.

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Killingback, A. L. T. An opto-electronic triggering device for the NPL ultrasound bean calibrator system. 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Opto-electronic device systems"

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He, Lu, Dietrich R.T. Zahn, and Teresa I. Madeira. "The Influence of Geometry on Plasmonic Resonances in Surface- and Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy." In Plasmonics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108182.

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Plasmonic nanostructures have attracted growing interest over the last decades due to their efficiency in improving the performance in various application fields such as catalysis, photovoltaics, (opto-)electronic devices, and biomedicine. The behavior of a specific metal plasmonic system depends on many factors such as the material, the size, the shape, and the dielectric environment. The geometry, that is, size and shape of both single plasmonic elements and patterned arrays of plasmonic nanostructures, plays an essential role, and it provides considerable freedom to tune the plasmonic properties of a single plasmonic nanostructure or any combination of nanostructures. This freedom is mainly used in the application fields of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). In this context, the chapter encompasses how the geometry of the SERS-active plasmonic nanostructures and tips with/without metal substrates used in TERS influences the localized surface plasmon resonances of the plasmonic systems.
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Conference papers on the topic "Opto-electronic device systems"

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Teo, Selin H. G., J. Singh, M. B. Yu, J. B. Zhang, L. P. Shi, M. H. Hong, and A. Q. Liu. "Light-speed optical control with nano-opto-electronic device." In 2007 IEEE 20th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2007.4433171.

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De Dobbelaere, P., D. Israel, P. Van Daele, R. Baets, Gustaaf R. Möhlmann, and Winfried H. G. Horsthuis. "Fabrication of vertical light couplers in polymeric waveguides by embossing." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.ctur5.

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The combination of vertical optical taps with planar optical waveguides could improve the functionality of guided wave devices for a number of reasons: (a) They permit three-dimensional optical interconnection between different layers or boards. This offers a considerable improvement of the processing capabilities of information systems, (b) Such structures are very interesting for applications such as OSM (optical surface mount)1 and OBPI (optical backplane interconnect). In these applications light is tapped from the waveguide into a functional component or board; after processing, new light signals are injected into the waveguides. The functional component can be a single optical device (optical isolator, optical amplifier, optical modulator, etc.), a single opto-electronic device (laser diode, detector), or an opto-electronic system consisting of opto-electronic transducers and electronic processors (receiver-transmitter module, OBPI, etc.).
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Kao, Yung-Hua, Paul C. P. Chao, and Chin-Long Wey. "A Continuous Opto-Electronic Sensor for Blood Pressure Monitoring With Real-Time System." In ASME 2017 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems collocated with the ASME 2017 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2017-5441.

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A new continuous wireless opto-electronic blood pressure (BP) sensor is successfully developed by this study. The BP device introduces the principle of photoplethysmograph (PPG) to sense the change of intravascular blood volume and calculate the BP. The real-time system adopts a LEDs of red/infrared light with a wavelengths of 660 and 905 nm. The analog front-end (AFE) circuit contains a pre-amplifier, a band-pass filter, a programmable gain amplifier (PGA), a microprocessor and a wireless module. A mobile phone is also used to display continuous BPs and record statistical analysis/results for users. The passband of filter is from 0.3 to 7.2 Hz. The PGA of adjustable gain are 8 channel. As results, 10 subjects in the experimental validation, in which the obtained BPs are compared with the results from a commercial BP monitor by OMRON. The maximum error of experimental results is ± 6 mmHg, which is less than ±8 mmHg conforming to the requirement by the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI).
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Suhir, E. "Thermal Stress Modeling in Micro- and Opto-Electronics: Review and Extension." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43777.

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The role and the attributes of, and the challenges in, predictive modeling of thermal stresses, strains and displacements in micro- and opto-electronic packaging are addressed. Merits, shortcomings and interaction of theoretical and experimental approaches are discussed, as well as the role and the interaction of the analytical (“mathematical”) and the numerical (computer-aided, primarily, finite-element) modeling. We briefly review the published work in the field, with an emphasis on the analytical modeling. The review is based, to a great extent, on the author’s work conducted during his eighteen years tenure with Bell Laboratories at Murray Hill, New Jersey. The “extension part” of the article is dedicated to the role that a probabilistic approach might play in understanding and predicting the effects of the variability in materials properties, structural geometry and loading conditions on the thermal stresses, strains and reliability of micro- and opto-electronic assembiles and structures, subjected to thermal loading. The main message of the article is that a viable and reliable micro- or opto-electronic component or device can be successfully created and delivered, as a product, to the market in a timely fashion only provided that predictive modeling, whether analytical or numerical, is widely and effectively employed. Modeling should be conducted in addition and, preferably, prior to the design effort, experimental investigations and accelerated (product development, qualification or life) testing. In this connection, we would like to point out that predictive modeling is also an essential part of the accelerated life testing methodologies and procedures. Another message is that probabilstic approaches could be very helpful in many problems of physical design of micro- and opto-electronic systems subjected to thermal loading.
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Morrison, Rick L. "An extensible, diffractive optic system for interconnecting opto-electronic device arrays." In Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/domo.1996.dmd.5.

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The melding of silicon electronic processing circuits with GaAs quantum well optical modulators and receivers provides the opportunity to significantly increase system communication throughput by virtue of integrated high-speed, free-space, optical channels as demonstrated in a recent experiment1. A second accomplishment of this experiment, the mounting of the optical platform in an electronics cabinet, illustrates the progress toward adapting the optical infrastructure to more traditional packaging schemes. The challenge of blending opto-electronic techniques into contemporary electronic architectures lies in further reducing the opto-mechanical system volume and cost.
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Sharma, Sudhir K., V. K. Sharma, Avinashi Kapoor, K. N. Tripathi, S. C. K. Misra, and Subhas Chandra. "Polymeric thin film micro-opto-electronic devices." In Indo-Russian Workshop on Micromechanical Systems, edited by Vladimir I. Pustovoy and Vinoy K. Jain. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.369459.

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MacKenzie, H. A., A. Iltaif, J. I. L. Hughes, J. J. Hunter, and D. Ronaldson. "Novel Optically Bistable Optoelectronic Device for Infrared Signal Processing." In Photonic Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/phs.1989.bd26.

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We report a new optically bistable opto-electronic (OBOE) InSb device which, while retaining all-optical switching capability can also be switched (ON and OFF) electrically. A photo-conductive monitoring system is utilised to give readout of the logic state. Applications of OBOE arrays for image processing are discussed. The latest performance data for the switch time (150 ns) and switching power (500 μW) of fully optimised InSb bistable devices are reported.
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Lee, K.-W., A. Noriki, K. Kiyoyama, S. Kanno, R. Kobayashi, W.-C. Jeong, J.-C. Bea, T. Fukushima, T. Tanaka, and M. Koyanagi. "3D heterogeneous opto-electronic integration technology for system-on-silicon (SOS)." In 2009 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iedm.2009.5424305.

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Cavaillès, J. A., M. Erman, and P. Frijlink. "Numerical Analysis of Electro-Optic Effects in Superlattices Comparison with Photoreflectance Results." In Optical Bistability. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/obi.1988.thc.2.

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Due to their possible applications in opto-electronic devices, Electric Field Effects on optical properties of isolated quantum wells have been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically [1, 2]. By contrast very few theoretical studies have been reported about these effects on coupled Multiple Quantum Well systems [3,4] none of which, to our knowledge, showing comparison with experimental results.
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Vachss, Frederick, Claire Gu, John Hong, and Tallis Chang. "Fundamental Noise Limits in Photorefractive Systems." In Photorefractive Materials, Effects, and Devices II. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pmed.1991.mc7.

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When photorefractive materials are included as elements in image and signal processing systems, the dynamic range of the photorefractive element has a significant impact on the overall performance of the system. Evaluating the Emits on this dynamic range is of particular importance if we hope to provide a realistic comparison of photorefractive devices such as spatial light modulators1,2 or integrating correlators 3 with similar devices based on competing opto-electronic technologies. We must thus determine the range of signal beam intensities which may be used to write a holographic grating with a reference beam of some fixed intensity, or in other words, the maximum beam ratio that will cause a detectable refractive index grating to be written within the photorefractive material.
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