Academic literature on the topic 'Optimum tank size'
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Journal articles on the topic "Optimum tank size"
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Abdi, Behzad, Hamid Mozafari, Ayob Amran, and Roya Kohandel. "Optimum Size of a Ground-Based Cylindrical Liquid Storage Tank under Stability and Strength Constraints Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 3415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.3415.
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Steel cylindrical tank is one of the most common forms of liquid storage vessels. In this study the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) is used to find the optimum size of a ground based cylindrical liquid storage tank that is supported at both ends and the design considerations are stability and strength constraints. In this study total internal pressure and total special pressure are assumed as two types of load. The optimization procedure is formulated with the objective to minimize the mass of the tank due to the allowable capacity of cylindrical tank.
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Bian, Bing Chuan, Ai Mei Zhang, and Zhen Long Shang. "Finite Element Analysis and Optimum Design of Octagon Horizontal Type Vacuum Tank." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.575.
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Finite element model for octagon horizontal type vacuum tank was constructed based on the CAD/CAE software SolidWorks. The strength and stiffness of vacuum tank were analyzed. In order to optimize the size of vacuum tank stiffeners by the FEM and optimal design module, the optimization models were constructed, which have the minimized mass as the objective function subjected to the stress and displacement constraints. The results of optimal design were applied to actual production.
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Seechurn, Yashwantraj, and Ritish Boodhun. "Optimum Redesign of an Agricultural Water Bowser." Designs 2, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs2040045.
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There are many types of agricultural water bowsers on the market, which vary in geometry and size. However, in all such bowsers there are “unused spaces” between the bottom of the tank and the axle. The objective of this research was to design an agricultural water bowser with improved capacity by exploiting the “unused spaces”. This would allow a sufficient amount of water to be supplied to wide areas in a short time. Each concept of agricultural water bowser was generated as an integrated chassis water tank to be hitched to a tractor, and the best concept was chosen using a multi-criteria decision-making methodology (house of quality matrix and Pugh selection matrix). The selected design consisted of an U-shaped angle bent bottom sheet welded to a top circular sheet. The Agreement Dangerous Road (ADR) European standard was used for the sizing of the bowser and the selected material was S275 steel. The resultant forces on the shell of the bowser were calculated using analytical methods. A 3-D model of the bowser was developed in SolidWorks 2015, and the static structural analysis tool was used to examine stresses on the body for various types of loading, roads, and driving maneuvers. The shape and size of the bottom part of the proposed bowser increased the capacity of the tank by 20.3%.
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Çetin, Muzaffer, and Kemal Yaman. "Location Size and Orientation Effect of Semi elliptical Surface Crack on the Fracture of a Type 3 Composite Pressure Vessel using J integral Method." Defence Science Journal 70, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.14578.
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In this study, structural design and analysis of a type-3 composite over wrapped pressure vessel used in a military satellite propulsion system is presented. The aim is to design a composite tank lighter than all metal fuel tanks having the same volume. Moreover, necessary design stages have been revealed for similar composite over wrapped pressure vessels. ANSYS® is used to perform the stress-strain analysis of both metal and composite parts, to determine the optimum winding angle, tank Autofrettage and fracture characteristic for the metal liner considering the crack morphology. Tsai-Hill, Tsai-Wu and Hashin theories have been implemented to investigate the various failure modes of the composite vessel. Location, size and orientation angle of semi-elliptical surface crack has a pronounced effect on fracture characteristic of the liner. In fracture investigation J-integral method is used. It is foreseen that even in the most critical crack, the crack will not propagate and there will be no burst in the tank for proposed loading conditions. Numerical results are good agreement with the experimental results.
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Ruso, Mustafa, Bertuğ Akıntuğ, and Elçin Kentel. "Optimum tank size for a rainwater harvesting system: Case study for Northern Cyprus." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 297 (September 2, 2019): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/297/1/012026.
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Khan, Sadia Tamanna, Ashef Ainan Baksh, Md Tarikul Islam Papon, and Muhammad Ashraf Ali. "Rainwater Harvesting System: An Approach for Optimum Tank Size Design and Assessment of Efficiency." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 8, no. 1 (2017): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2017.8.1.917.
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Rodríguez-Hidalgo, M. C., P. A. Rodríguez-Aumente, A. Lecuona, M. Legrand, and R. Ventas. "Domestic hot water consumption vs. solar thermal energy storage: The optimum size of the storage tank." Applied Energy 97 (September 2012): 897–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.12.088.
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Saul, A. J., and D. R. Ellis. "Sediment Deposition in Storage Tanks." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 8 (April 1, 1992): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0193.
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The use of storage tanks in sewerage systems has increased in recent years. The primary functions of such tanks are to attenuate flow and to retain pollutants within the sewer system. The size of the required storage volume is dependent on the purpose for which the tank is to be used but the end product of any design analysis is the definition of fixed volume of storage which has to be included as part of the sewerage system. The main problem is to provide storage and effective separation of gross and suspended solids without incurring poor self cleansing and associated high maintenance costs. The work outlined in this paper involved the development of a laboratory computer controlled monitoring system for the purpose of flow visualisation and for the comparative assessment of the sediment deposition and removal performance of different geometric configurations of storage tank. These systems used sophisticated control procedures and the latter had the facility to generate a flow hydrograph of any shape and duration and to superimpose on this hydrograph a pollutograph of synthetic sediment, in this case crushed olive stone wood flour. Particular attention was focused on the optimum length to breadth ratio for a given storage volume, the configuration of the chamber floor - number, shape and gradient of dry weather flow channels and benching (gradient; the type of roof support and the effect of multiple storms on the redistribution of deposited sediment. The results of the work illustrated that very complex flow patterns were established within the storage tanks as the flow hydrograph was discharged through the system and that these flow patterns governed the sediment settlement, re-entrainment and transport processes in the tank. The velocity distribution within each chamber was a function of tank geometry, the shape, volume, and duration of the inflow hydrograph and the throughflow setting. The paper is concluded by a series of recommendations to aid the design of storage tanks.
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Tanavade, Satish S., and K. Suresh Manic. "Design Optimisation for Modified Series-Parallel Resonant Converter." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8429.
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Optimum design with systematic design procedure for a resonant converter is presented in this paper. For the converter design with high efficiency constraint of minimum power losses loss and cost are considered. For reducing the size of the converter, an integrated structure of high frequency transformer-inductor is proposed. A step-by-step systematic procedure for designing the converter is presented that results in high input line power factor and reduction of the stresses on the components of resonant tank circuit of the converter is given. Simulation and experimental results on a prototype of modified series-parallel resonant converter (MSPRC) are presented to validate the optimum design procedure.
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Abu Reesh, Ibrahim M. "Optimum Design of N Continuous Stirred-Tank Bioreactors in Series for Fermentation Processes Based on Simultaneous Substrate and Product Inhibition." Processes 9, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081419.
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Optimization of the continuous fermentation process is important for increasing efficiency and decreasing cost, especially for complicated biochemical processes described by substrate and product inhibition. The optimum design (minimum volume) of CSTRs in series assuming substrate and product inhibition was determined in this study. The effect of operating parameters on the optimum design was investigated. The optimum substrate concentration in the feed to the first reactor was determined for N reactors in series. The nonlinear, constrained optimization problem was solved using the MATLAB function “fmincon”. It was found that the optimum design is more beneficial at high substrate conversion and at a medium level of feed substrate concentration. The best number of reactors is two to three for optimum arrangements and two for equal-size arrangements. The presence of biomass in the feed to the first reactor reduces the reactor volume, while the presence of product in the feed slightly increases the required total volume. The percentage reduction in the total volume using the optimum design compared to equal-volume design (R%) was determined as a function of substrate conversion and substrate concentration in the feed to the first reactor. The obtained R% values agree with experimental data available in the literature for ethanol fermentation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Optimum tank size"
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Khastagir, Anirban, and anirban khastagir@rmit edu au. "Optimal use of rainwater tanks to minimize residential water consumption." RMIT University. Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081203.143250.
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Melbourne, the capital of Victoria Australia leads the world in having the highest quality drinking water. The Victorian State Government has set targets for reducing per capita water consumption by 15%, 25% and 30% by 2010, 2015 and 2020 respectively and has announced stringent water restrictions to curtail water demand. In this resource constraint environment it is opportune to look for alternative sources of water to supplement Melbourne's traditional water supply. In Melbourne, legislation has been changed to make it possible to use rainwater harvested from domestic tanks for non potable purposes. The annual rainfall in Melbourne's metropolitan area varies from 450mm in the West to 850mm in the East to over 1000mm in the North East mountain ranges. The objectives of the current study are to develop a methodology to estimate the optimal size of the rainwater tank at a particular location considering the local rainfall, roof area, demand for water and the reliability of supply (supply security) required; to quantify the rainwater volume that could be harvested at site using domestic rainwater tanks to minimise pressure on the potable water supply secured from traditional catchment sources until the desalination plant is commissioned in 2013; to analyse the efficacy of rainwater tanks to reduce the stormwater runoff and improve the quality of the stormwater that will otherwise flow into urban drains and to estimate the cost effectiveness ratio and payback period of inst alling rainwater tanks. A simple water balance model was developed to calculate the tank size based on daily rainfall, roof area and the expected demand. The concept of 'reliability' was introduced to measure supply security. Rainfall data from 20 rainfall stations scattered around Melbourne were used to determine the variation in the rainwater tank size dependent on the above stated parameters. It was observed that to achieve the same supply reliability (90%) and to meet a specific demand (toilet and garden use), the tank size required in the western side of Melbourne is as high as 7 times as that required in the north-east side. As a result, the
Book chapters on the topic "Optimum tank size"
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Kumar, Dilip, Bibhudatta Sahoo, and Tarni Mandal. "Heuristic Task Consolidation Techniques for Energy Efficient Cloud Computing." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 238–60. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8339-6.ch011.
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The energy consumption in the cloud is proportional to the resource utilization and data centers are almost the world's highest consumers of electricity. The complexity of the resource allocation problem increases with the size of cloud infrastructure and becomes difficult to solve effectively. The exponential solution space for the resource allocation problem can be searched using heuristic techniques to obtain a sub-optimal solution at the acceptable time. This chapter presents the resource allocation problem in cloud computing as a linear programming problem, with the objective to minimize energy consumed in computation. This resource allocation problem has been treated using heuristic approaches. In particular, we have used two phase selection algorithm ‘FcfsRand', ‘FcfsRr', ‘FcfsMin', ‘FcfsMax', ‘MinMin', ‘MedianMin', ‘MaxMin', ‘MinMax', ‘MedianMax', and ‘MaxMax'. The simulation results indicate in the favor of MaxMax.
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Kumar, Dilip, Bibhudatta Sahoo, and Tarni Mandal. "Heuristic Task Consolidation Techniques for Energy Efficient Cloud Computing." In Web-Based Services, 760–82. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9466-8.ch034.
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The energy consumption in the cloud is proportional to the resource utilization and data centers are almost the world's highest consumers of electricity. The complexity of the resource allocation problem increases with the size of cloud infrastructure and becomes difficult to solve effectively. The exponential solution space for the resource allocation problem can be searched using heuristic techniques to obtain a sub-optimal solution at the acceptable time. This chapter presents the resource allocation problem in cloud computing as a linear programming problem, with the objective to minimize energy consumed in computation. This resource allocation problem has been treated using heuristic approaches. In particular, we have used two phase selection algorithm ‘FcfsRand', ‘FcfsRr', ‘FcfsMin', ‘FcfsMax', ‘MinMin', ‘MedianMin', ‘MaxMin', ‘MinMax', ‘MedianMax', and ‘MaxMax'. The simulation results indicate in the favor of MaxMax.
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Tuskov, Andrey, Anna Goldina, Olga Luzgina, and Olga Salnikova. "Optimizing the Production Parameters of Peasant Holdings for Industrial Development in the Digitalization Era." In Avatar-Based Control, Estimation, Communications, and Development of Neuron Multi-Functional Technology Platforms, 132–51. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1581-5.ch007.
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One of the determining factors for ensuring regional food security is the sectoral structure of production. It determines the specialization and combination of industries, on which the degree of tension, balance, and economic efficiency of the production program of peasant farming depends. This is achieved subject to the proportionality of the elements of the sectoral complex. For this, it is necessary to coordinate production volumes with available resources, the level of intensification of crop production and animal husbandry, the size of crops, individual crops, and livestock, etc. The size of peasant farms and their structure (the composition and area of land, the combination and size of main and additional industries, the structure of crops) depend on many natural and economic factors. There are various options for the organization of production and territory for the same farming with certain resources of land, labor, and capital. The main task is to choose the optimal one that corresponds to the interests of the farmer and gives the maximum economic effect.
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Kougias, Ioannis, Thomas Patsialis, Nicolaos Theodossiou, and Jacques Ganoulis. "Hydropower Projects within a Municipal Water Supply System." In Exploring Innovative and Successful Applications of Soft Computing, 59–75. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4785-5.ch004.
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The interest of those involved in hydroelectricity has been attracted by mini-hydro projects due to their minimal environmental impact and low installation cost. Besides, mini hydros can cooperate with an impressively wide extent of water-related infrastructure, offering a broad potential for investment. In the present chapter, the integrated solution of hydro implementation in water supply systems is presented. Thus, the benefits of a water-supply installation (with constant Q) are extended to energy production. However, defining the optimum operation of such a project is a complicated task, which may involve environmental, hydraulic, technical, and economical parameters. In the present chapter a novel approach is presented, the optimum management of mini hydros in a water supply system with the use of an optimization algorithm (i.e. Harmony Search Algorithm [HAS]). This approach is applied at a site in Northern Greece and is used as a case study of the present chapter.
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Guo, Junxia, Gang Lu, Zili Xie, Jiawei Wen, and Nanshan Xu. "An Intelligent Marshalling Model for Enterprise Station Freight Railway." In Fuzzy Systems and Data Mining VI. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia200740.
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Railway marshalling and transportation is an important component of the production supply chain for large and medium-sized enterprises in China. Traditional inefficient manual-made marshalling plans usually are not optimal in time or energy consuming. An efficient method needs to be developed to find the optimal marshalling plans automatically. This paper mainly studies the railway train automatic marshalling in large and medium-sized enterprises in China. Based on the investigation at the train station of a certain enterprise, according to the railway track information, carriage information, and production task information, this paper designs the abstracted railway state definitions of the station. Then based on the state definitions, the scheduling rules, and the objective function of time cost and economic cost, this paper converts abstract scheduling instructions into a general railway automatic marshalling model which can be executed by computers. By introducing the greedy strategies into different situations to optimize the algorithm of tracks occupation, carriages selection and train path selection in the model, the planning efficiency can be improved while ensuring the economic benefits of the enterprises and the quality of the formation plan. The experimental results show that the proposed model can generate fewer marshalling plans and find the optimal one faster in most cases, which proves the feasibility and availability of the model.
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Shankar, Prabhu RV, Anupama Kesari, Priya Shalini, N. Kamalashree, Charan Bharadwaj, Nitika Raj, Sowrabha Srinivas, Manu Shivakumar, Anand Raj Ulle, and Nagabhushana N. Tagadur. "Predictive Modeling of Surgical Site Infections Using Sparse Laboratory Data." In Data Analytics in Medicine, 410–23. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1204-3.ch022.
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As part of a data mining competition, a training and test set of laboratory test data about patients with and without surgical site infection (SSI) were provided. The task was to develop predictive models with training set and identify patients with SSI in the no label test set. Lab test results are vital resources that guide healthcare providers make decisions about all aspects of surgical patient management. Many machine learning models were developed after pre-processing and imputing the lab tests data and only the top performing methods are discussed. Overall, RANDOM FOREST algorithms performed better than Support Vector Machine and Logistic Regression. Using a set of 74 lab tests, with RF, there were only 4 false positives in the training set and predicted 35 out of 50 SSI patients in the test set (Accuracy 0.86, Sensitivity 0.68, and Specificity 0.91). Optimal ways to address healthcare data quality concerns and imputation methods as well as newer generalizable algorithms need to be explored further to decipher new associations and knowledge among laboratory biomarkers and SSI.
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Behera, Ajit Kumar, and Mrutyunjaya Panda. "Efficient Software Reliability Prediction With Evolutionary Virtual Data Position Exploration." In Advances in Data Mining and Database Management, 275–85. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6659-6.ch016.
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Determining appropriate software reliability prediction technique is a challenging task for the software development process. So, it is essential for software engineers to develop good quality software product. Though several prediction models are in use for small size data, the estimation of the reliability of software system is crucial. Inadequate data may lead sub-optimal solution. This chapter proposes a technique of increasing training dataset by generating virtual data points original data. For improving the prediction of cumulative failure time in software, multilayer perceptron (MLP)-based virtual data positions (DEVDP) exploration techniques have been proposed. The parameters of the network are optimized by evolutionary algorithm differential evolution (DE). For validation of the model in presence of virtual data point (VDP), eight failure datasets from different sources has been used. The results obtained from the simulation studies indicate that proposed DEVDP exploration technique outperformed traditional models.
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"Proceedings of the First International Snakehead Symposium." In Proceedings of the First International Snakehead Symposium, edited by Michael H. Hoff and John S. Odenkirk. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874585.ch13.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—The U.S. Congress directed the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to identify, contain, and eradicate Northern Snakehead <em>Channa argus </em>in the United States. Later, the Mississippi River Basin Panel on Aquatic Nuisance Species requested that the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force develop a management plan to include additional snakehead species (Channidae) that are, or have the potential to become, invasive in United States waters. Objectives of the snakehead management and control plan, which was developed by USFWS and collaborators, include developing long-term adaptive management and control methods. We developed a Ricker stock-recruit model using Northern Snakehead population data collected in four northern Virginia tidal tributaries during 2009–2015 to inform management and control efforts. The resulting model functional relationship explained 93% of recruitment variability using adult stock size (mean electrofishing catch/h [CPUE] of adults) and mean river flow during May. Recruitment was quantified using boat electrofishing CPUE of age-2 fish lagged for two years, because age-0 and even age-1 fish did not appear to be fully recruited to the gear. Seventy-six percent of recruitment variation was explained by adult abundance, while an additional 17% was explained by mean river flow during May (inverse relationship). Model predictions indicated management efforts to reduce adult stock size, from the optimum of 2–4 fish/h to <0.5 fish/h, should be the most effective tool to reduce recruitment and resulting adult abundance over the long term. That level of adult abundance (approximately 12% of the mean during 2009–2015) should be the target maximum for Northern Snakehead control efforts in the study areas.
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Younis Mohamed Alzarroug, Mohamed, and Wilson Jeberson. "Data Aggregation Scheme Using Multiple Mobile Agents in Wireless Sensor Network." In Wireless Sensor Networks - Design, Deployment and Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93587.
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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of large number of sensor nodes densely deployed in monitoring area with sensing, wireless communications and computing capabilities. In recent times, wireless sensor networks have used the concept of mobile agent for reducing energy consumption and for effective data collection. The fundamental functionality of WSN is to collect and return data from the sensor nodes. Data aggregation’s main goal is to gather and aggregate data in an efficient manner. In data gathering, finding the optimal itinerary planning for the mobile agent is an important step. However, a single mobile agent itinerary planning approach suffers from two drawbacks, task delay and large size of the mobile agent as the scale of the network is expanded. To overcome these drawbacks, this research work proposes: (i) an efficient data aggregation scheme in wireless sensor network that uses multiple mobile agents for aggregating data and transferring it to the sink based on itinerary planning and (ii) an attack detection using TS fuzzy model on multi-mobile agent-based data aggregation scheme is shortly named as MDTSF model.
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"Marine Artificial Reef Research and Development: Integrating Fisheries Management Objectives." In Marine Artificial Reef Research and Development: Integrating Fisheries Management Objectives, edited by Nurul Haqimin Mohd Salleh, Azifah Aqilah Aman, and Saharuddin Abdul Hamid. American Fisheries Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874516.ch15.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Artificial reef programs can undeniably provide environmental benefits, especially when used to restore marine ecosystem and promote recreational scuba diving activities. The creation of artificial reefs is considered a key program for developing sustainable marine tourism and enhancing fish and invertebrate populations. Although there are many successful artificial reef programs that have been reported in the literature, some artificial reef programs are not effective due to a lack of decision-making protocols for selecting the best or optimal location for artificial reef deployment. This paper develops a model for selecting the best location for artificial reef deployment by using multiple criteria. Two different decision-making techniques (i.e., analytical hierarchy process and evidential reasoning) are employed in this model. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model, three potential sites off Perhentian Island (i.e., Pasir Tani, Tokong Laut, and Pulau Susu Dara Kecil), Malaysia were examined. Based on these test cases, the three most important criteria in selecting the best artificial reef site are sediment type, water depth, and presence of a local, natural reef. Based on the proposed model, Pulau Susu Dara Kecil was assessed as the best site for an artificial reef deployment compared to Pasir Tani and Tokong Laut. This proposed model is capable of assisting researchers and government agencies such as the Department of Fisheries Malaysia (DoFM) and the Department of Marine Park Malaysia (DMPM) in selecting the best sites for artificial reef deployment and can be modified based on decision makers’ preferences and priorities.
Conference papers on the topic "Optimum tank size"
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Engelbrecht, Joshua J., Douglas S. McCorkle, Daniel A. Ashlock, and Kenneth M. Bryden. "Optimization of a Hydraulic Mixing Nozzle." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49986.
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In industry, mixing tanks are used to homogenize two or more different products that have been combined. This work investigates the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to seek an enhanced design for a hydraulic mixing nozzle. This paper outlines a method for a numerical specification of a nozzle design and generation of a CFD model to analyze it. Characteristics that influence jet distance and trajectory, such as horn size, shape, and entrainment area, are reviewed. The relative importance of each of these traits and which traits have the most significant impact on the quality of a given design are explored. Suggestions for nozzle design are summarized. This information allows the most limiting factors of a tank mixing design to be mitigated to the largest extent possible. Currently industry uses magnification ratio (the ratio of flow out of the nozzle divided by the forced flow through the nozzle jet) for mixing tank nozzle design. This paper illustrates that using magnification ratio or velocity alone does not result in an optimized design. These factors must be weighted to obtain a design that balances these factors to mix the geometry of fluid volume. Additionally, this work shows that nozzle placement is perhaps more significant than nozzle design for optimum mixing with minimum power consumption.
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Demir, Sinan, Orkun Karabasoglu, V'Yacheslav Akkerman, and Aysegul Abusoglu. "Economic Optimization of Indirect Sewage Sludge Heat Dryer Unit for Sewage Sludge Incineration Plants." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49155.
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This paper presents the economic optimization of indirect sewage sludge heat dryer for sewage sludge incineration plants. The objective function based on two-phase heat transfer, and economic relations is provided to demonstrate the optimum size for the minimum investment cost. De-watered sludge is fed into the dryer with a mass flow rate of 165 tons per day and consists of 27% dry matter. After the sludge drying process, the dryness of sludge increases up to 40%. In the indirect sludge dryer unit, thermal oil is used to heat the dryer wall and to prevent heat loss. Thermal oil is circulated in a closed cycle and gathered into an oil tank. Total cost of the sludge dryer unit changes proportional to the dryer area. The optimum dryer area is found as 32.54 m2. The corresponding minimum cost is found as $35,700.
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Platzer, Max F., Nesrin Sarigul-Klijn, J. Young, M. A. Ashraf, and J. C. S. Lai. "Renewable Hydrogen Production Using Sailing Ships." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62311.
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Vast ocean areas of planet Earth are exposed year-round to strong wind currents. We suggest that this untapped ocean wind power be exploited by the use of sailing ships. The availability of constantly updated meteorological information makes it possible to operate the ships in ocean areas with optimum wind power so that the propulsive ship power can be converted into electric power by means of ship-mounted hydro-power generators. Their electric power output then is fed into ship-mounted electrolyzers to convert sea water into hydrogen and oxygen. In this paper we estimate the ship size, sail area and generator size to produce a 1.5 MW electrical power output. We describe a new oscillating-wing hydro-power generator and present results of model tests obtained in a towing tank. Navier-Stokes computations are presented to provide an estimate of the power extraction efficiency and drag coefficient of such a generator which depends on a range of parameters such as foil maximum pitch angles, plunge amplitude, phase between pitch and plunge and load. Also, we present a discussion of the feasibility of sea water electrolysis and of the re-conversion of hydrogen and oxygen into electricity by means of shore-based hydrogen-oxygen power plants.
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Abdelhamid, Mahmoud, Imtiaz Haque, Rajendra Singh, Srikanth Pilla, and Zoran Filipi. "Optimal Design and Techno-Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Solar Vehicle: Incorporating Solar Energy as an On-Board Fuel Toward Future Mobility." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59276.
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The challenge of meeting the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards of 2025 has resulted in the development of systems that utilize alternative energy propulsion technologies. To date, the use of solar energy as an auxiliary energy source of on-board fuel has not been extensively investigated, however. The authors investigated the design parameters and techno-economic impacts within a solar photovoltaic (PV) system for use as an on-board auxiliary power source for the internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and plug-in electric vehicles (EVs). The objective is to optimize, by hybridizing, the conventional energy propulsion systems via solar energy based electric propulsion system by means of the on-board PVs system. This study is novel in that the authors investigated the design parameters of the on-board PV system for optimum well-to-tank energy efficiency. The following design parameters were analyzed: the PV device, the geographical solar location, thermal and electrical performances, energy storage, angling on the vehicle surface, mounting configuration and the effect on aerodynamics. A general well-to-tank form was derived for use in any other PV type, PV efficiency value, or installation location. The authors also analyzed the techno-economic value of adding the on-board PVs for ICE vehicles and for plug-in EVs considering the entire Powertrain component lifetime of the current and the projected price scenarios per vehicle lifetime, and driving by solar energy cost ($ per mile). Different driving scenarios were used to represent the driving conditions in all the U.S states at any time, with different vehicles analyzed using different cost scenarios to derive a greater understanding of the usefulness and the challenges inherent in using on-board PV solar technologies. The addition of on-board PVs to cover only 1.0 m2 of vehicle surfaces was found to extend the daily driving range to up to 2 miles for typical 2016 model vehicles, depending upon on vehicle specifications and destination, however over 7.0 miles with the use of extremely lightweight and aerodynamically efficient vehicles in a sunny location. The authors also estimated the maximum possible PV installation area via a unique relationship between the vehicle footprint and the projected horizontal vehicle surface area for different vehicles of varying sizes. It was determined that up to 50% of total daily miles traveled by an average U.S. person could be driven by solar energy, with the simple addition of on-board PVs to cover less than 50% (3.25 m2) of the projected horizontal surface area of a typical mid-size vehicle (e.g., Nissan Leaf or Mitsubishi i-MiEV). Specifically, the addition of the proposed PV module to a 2016 Tesla Model S AWD-70D vehicle in San Diego, CA extended the average daily range to 5.2 miles in that city. Similarly, for the 2016 BMW i3 BEV in Texas, Phoenix, and North Carolina, the range was extended to more than 7.0 miles in those states. The cost of hybridizing a solar technology into a vehicle was also estimated for current and projected prices. The results show for current price scenario, the expense of powering an ICE vehicle within a certain range with only solar energy was between 4 to 23 cents per mile depending upon the vehicle specification and driving location. Future price scenarios determined the driving cost is an optimum of 17 cents per mile. However, the addition of a PV system to an EV improved the economics of the system because of the presence of the standard battery and electric motor components. For any vehicle in any assumed location, the driving cost was found to be less than 6.0 cents per mile even in the current price scenario. The results of this dynamic model are applicable for determining the on-board PV contribution for any vehicle size with different powertrain configurations. Specifically, the proposed work provides a method that designers may use during the conceptual design stage to facilitate the deployment of an alternative energy propulsion system toward future mobility.
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Malik, M. Afzaal, Badar Rashid, and Shahab Khushnood. "Dynamic Analysis of Fluid Flowing Through Micro Porous Filters Using Bondgraph Approach." In ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98397.
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Delivery of optimized fuel injection pressure to combustion chamber of an engine assembly leads to optimum torque and horsepower. Contaminant free supply of fuel without compromising on volume flow rate is the most important design requirement. Incorporation of very fine fuel filters having less than 10 micron rating reduces volume flow rate at the injection nozzles whereas fuel filter with larger pore size stabilize the injection pressure but may result into failure of fuel injection pump assembly due to scuffing produced by the fuel contaminant between the plunger and sleeve of hydraulic head of fuel injection pump. The fuel flows from fuel tank through low-pressure injection line, primary and secondary fuel filters, fuel transfer pump, fuel injection pump, and high-pressure injection line and injector nozzles. Modeling and simulation of volume flow rate vis-a`-vis fuel injection pressure together with micro-porous fuel filter poses a formidable challenge. Bondgraph method (BGM) is ideally suited for the modeling and simulation of such a multi-domain dynamic system. The aim of this research is to apply BGM to model and simulate the optimized fuel injection pressure and analysis of filters with different micro-porosity and their effect on volume flow rate. Fuel filter porosity, inlet and outlet pressures of transfer pump, fuel injection pump and low/high pressure injection line pressure have been determined experimentally. These experimentally determined parameters are then used as input in our Bondgraph model for the dynamic analysis of fuel injection pressure incorporating micro-porous filters.
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Onishi, Yasuo, Donald S. Trent, Satoru T. Yokuda, Catherine A. Hier Majumder, Edgar W. Martinen, and Curt A. Rieck. "Optimal Pump Elevation and Configuration for Mixing Erosion-Resisting Radioactive Tank Waste." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45502.
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At the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hanford Site, 300-hp mixer pumps will be installed in the 4,000-m3 double-shell tanks (DSTs) to stir the radioactive sludge and supernatant liquid waste so that it can be retrieved for subsequent treatment and disposal. A baseline mixer pump that has been used in the DSTs has an intake at the bottom and two injection nozzles at the top. The pump is placed approximately 0.46 m above the bottom of the tank. We compared the predicted mixing performance of this baseline pump with an alternative pump—an inverted pump with the inlet at the top and injection nozzles at the bottom. Model predictions were compared with some measured data. We evaluated 16 cases of baseline and inverted pump conditions with mixer pumps situated at levels ranging from right on the tank bottom to 0.83 m above the tank bottom. Model results generally indicated sludge erosion is greater the closer the pump’s injection nozzle is to the tank bottom. These results provided an evaluation of mixing performance for use in a cost, risk, and benefit analysis to determine which pump configuration should be used for DST waste retrieval activities.
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Akyuzlu, K. M., and K. Albayrak. "A Numerical Study of Coupling of Thermal and Hydrodynamic Oscillations in a Hybrid Rocket Motor." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64327.
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A one-dimensional, mathematical model is adopted to investigate, numerically, the instabilities experienced inside a hybrid rocket propulsion system. The presumption is that such oscillations feed into combustion instabilities and result in poor performance of the propulsion system and/or result in mechanical vibrations that lead to failure of the rocket motor. The model adopted for the numerical study is a one-dimensional, multi-node representation of a subscale hybrid rocket propulsion system. A one dimensional channel with circular cross-section is configured to simulate a combustion chamber of a rocket hybrid rocket motor and is connected to a converging–diverging nozzle in the downstream and to a plenum with a flow straightener in the upstream side. The working fluid is supplied from a pressurized storage tank to the upstream plenum through a throttle valve. A multi-component approach is used to model, mathematically, the propulsion system. In this integrated-component model, the unsteady flow through the throttle valve and the nozzle is assumed to be one-dimensional and isentropic whereas the flow in the forward plenum and in the combustion chamber is assumed to be a one-dimensional, unsteady, compressible, turbulent, and subsonic. The physics based mathematical model of the flow in the channel consists of conservation of mass, momentum and energy equations subject to appropriate boundary conditions as defined by the physical problem stated above. The working fluid is assumed to be compressible through a simple ideal gas relation. The governing equations of the compressible flow in the combustion chamber are discretized using the second order accurate MacCormack finite difference scheme. Convergence and grid independence studies were done to determine the optimum mesh size and computational time increment needed for the present simulations. Furthermore, steady state results of the proposed model are compared to the results of the isentropic, Fanno (viscous 1-D flow), and Rayleigh (1-D flow with heat input) case studies to verify the accuracy of the numerical predictions. Numerical experiments were then carried out to simulate the flow oscillations in the combustion chamber of a sample subscale hybrid rocket motor. Experiments were repeated for various operating conditions (Re numbers between 104 and 106) to determine the flow regions where these oscillations are sustained. The numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed mathematical model predicts the expected unsteady axial distributions of temperature, velocity, and pressure in the combustion chamber and the general characteristics of the experimentally observed instabilities associated with hybrid rocket propulsion systems.
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Guo, Bingjie, and Sverre Steen. "Comparison of Numerical Methods for Wave Generation by VOF-Based Numerical Wave Tank." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49777.
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Based on the Reyonlds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation for incompressible, viscous fluid, a VOF-based numerical wave tank which could accurately generate and absorb waves is investigated. Three different wave-making functions, namely ‘Inlet-velocity boundary condition (IBC)’, ‘Momentum source (MOS)’, ‘Mass source (MAS)’ are investigated, and the advantage of each method is analyzed to guide an optimal selection of these functions. Moreover, the effects of viscous model, grid size, time step, and discretization method on the accuracy of the wave simulation are discussed. The interaction between the wave and current is also studied. In order to verify the applicability of these methods, the numerical results in both 2D and 3D tanks are compared with analytical solutions.
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Akyuzlu, K. M., K. Albayrak, and C. Karaeren. "A Numerical Study of Thermoacoustic Oscillations in a Rectangular Channel Using CMSIP Method." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13109.
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This paper presents a mathematical model that was developed to study instabilities (primarily thermoacoustic oscillations) experienced inside a channel (with a rectangular cross section) heated symmetrically (from its top and bottom.) The heated channel is configured to simulate a combustion chamber of a rocket hybrid rocket motor and is connected to a converging–diverging nozzle in the downstream and to a plenum with a flow straightener in the upstream side. The working fluid is supplied from a pressurized storage tank to the upstream plenum through a throttle valve. A multi-component approach is used to model this test apparatus. In this integrated component model, the unsteady flow through the throttle valve and the nozzle is assumed to be one-dimensional and isentropic where as the flow in the forward plenum and the heated channel is assumed to be a two-dimensional, unsteady, compressible, turbulent, and subsonic. The physics based mathematical model of the flow in the channel consists of conservation of mass, momentum (two-dimensional Navier-Stokes) and energy equations subject to appropriate boundary conditions as defined by the physical problem stated above. The working fluid is assumed to be compressible where the density of the fluid is related to the pressure and temperature of the fluid through a simple ideal gas relation. The governing equations are discretized using second order accurate central differencing for spatial derivatives and second order accurate (based on Taylor expansion) finite difference approximations for temporal derivatives. The resulting nonlinear equations are then linearized using Newton’s linearization method. The set of algebraic equations that result from this process are then put into a matrix form and solved using a Coupled Modified Strongly Implicit Procedure (CMSIP) for the unknowns (primitive variables, i.e., pressure, temperature, and the velocity field) of the problem. The turbulence model equations and the unsteady flow equation for the throttle valve are solved using a second order accurate explicit finite difference technique. Convergence and grid independence studies were done to determine the optimum mesh size and computational time increment. Furthermore, two benchmark cases (unsteady driven cavity and laminar channel flows) were simulated using the developed numerical model to verify the accuracy of the proposed solution procedure. Numerical experiments were then carried out to simulate the thermoacoustic oscillations inside rectangular channels with various aspect ratios ranging from 5 to 20 for various operating conditions (i.e., for Re numbers between 102 and 106) and to determine the flow regions where these oscillations are sustained. The numerical simulation results indicate that the mathematical model for the gas flow in the heated channel predicts the expected unsteady temperature and pressure distributions, and the velocity field, successfully. Furthermore, it is concluded that the proposed integrated component model is successful in generating the characteristics of the instabilities associated with thermal, hydrodynamic, and thermoacoustic oscillations in heated channels.
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Guédez, Rafael, José García, Antti Nuutinen, Giovanni Graziano, Justin Chiu, Alessandro Sorce, Luca Piantelli, Alberto Traverso, and Björn Laumert. "Techno-Economic Comparative Analysis of Innovative Combined Cycle Power Plant Layouts Integrated With Heat Pumps and Thermal Energy Storage." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91036.
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Abstract In the pursuit of increasing their profitability, the design and operation of combined cycle power plants needs to be optimized for new liberalized markets with large penetration of renewables. A clear consequence of such renewable integration is the need for these plants for being more flexible in terms of ramping-up periods and higher part-load efficiencies. Flexibility becomes an even clearer need for combined heat and power plants to be more competitive, particularly when simultaneously following the market hourly price dynamics and varying demands for both the heat and the electricity markets. In this paper, three new plant layouts have been investigated by integrating different storage concepts and heat-pump units in key sections of a traditional plant layout. The study analyses the influence that market has on determining the optimum layouts for maximizing profits in energy-only markets (in terms of plant configuration, sizing and operation strategies). The study is performed for a given location nearby Turin, Italy, for which hourly electricity and heat prices, as well as meteorological data, have been gathered. A multi-parameter modeling approach was followed using KTH’s in house techno-economic modeling tool, which uses time-dependent market data, e.g. price and weather, to determine the trade-off curves between minimizing investment and maximizing profits when varying critical size-related power plant parameters e.g. installed power capacities and storage size, for pre-defined layouts and operating strategies. A comparative analysis between the best configurations found for each of the proposed layouts and the reference plant is presented in the discussion section of the results. For the specific case study set in northern Italy, it is shown that the integration of a pre-cooling loop into baseload-like power-oriented combined cycle plants is not justified, calling for investigating new markets and different operating strategies. Only the integration of a heat pump alone was shown to improve the profitability, but within the margin of error of the study. Alternatively, a layout where district heating supply water is preheated with a combination of a heat pump with hot thermal tank was able to increase the internal rate of return of the plant by up to 0.5%, absolute, yet within the error margin and thus not justifying the added complexity in operation and in investment costs. All in all, the analysis shows that even when considering energy-only market revenue streams (i.e. heat and electricity sells) the integration of heat pump and storage units could increase the profitability of plants by making them more flexible in terms of power output levels and load variations. The latter is shown true even when excluding other flexibility-related revenue streams. It is therefore conclusively suggested to further investigate the proposed layouts in markets with larger heat and power price variations, as well as to investigate the impact of additional control logics and dispatch strategies.
Reports on the topic "Optimum tank size"
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Gaponenko, Artiom, and Andrey Golovin. Electronic magazine with rating system of an estimation of individual and collective work of students. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0043.06102017.
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«The electronic magazine with rating system of an estimation of individual and collective work of students» (EM) is developed in document Microsoft Excel with use of macros. EM allows to automate all the calculated operations connected with estimation of amount scored by students in each form of the current control. EM provides automatic calculation of rating of the student with reflection of a maximum quantity of the points received in given educational group. The rating equal to “1” is assigned to the student who has got a maximum quantity of points for the certain date. For the other students the share of their points in this maximum size is indicated. The choice of an estimation is made in an alphabetic format according to requirements of the European translation system of test units for the international recognition of results of educational outcomes (ECTS - European Credit Transfer System), by use of a corresponding scale of an estimation. The list of students is placed on the first page of magazine and automatically displayed on all subsequent pages. For each page of magazine the optimal size of document printing is set with automatic enter of current date and time. Owing to accounting rate of complexity of task EM is the universal technical tool which can be used for any subject matter.