Academic literature on the topic 'OPTIMIZED TEST CASES'
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Journal articles on the topic "OPTIMIZED TEST CASES"
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Singh, Rajvir, Anita Singhrova, and Rajesh Bhatia. "Optimized Test Case Generation for Object Oriented Systems Using Weka Open Source Software." International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes 9, no. 3 (July 2018): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijossp.2018070102.
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Detection of fault proneness classes helps software testers to generate effective class level test cases. In this article, a novel technique is presented for an optimized test case generation for ant-1.7 open source software. Class level object oriented (OO) metrics are considered as effective means to find fault proneness classes. The open source software ant-1.7 is considered for the evaluation of proposed techniques as a case study. The proposed mathematical model is the first of its kind generated using Weka open source software to select effective OO metrics. Effective and ineffective OO metrics are identified using feature selection techniques for generating test cases to cover fault proneness classes. In this methodology, only effective metrics are considered for assigning weights to test paths. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is effective and efficient as the average fault exposition potential of generated test cases is 90.16% and test cases execution time saving is 45.11%.
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Domínguez-Muñoz, J. Enrique, and Peter Malfertheiner. "Optimized serum pancreolauryl test for differentiating patients with and without chronic pancreatitis." Clinical Chemistry 44, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/44.4.869.
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Abstract The serum pancreolauryl test has limited sensitivity for detecting mild pancreatic insufficiency. The aim of this study was to optimize the serum pancreolauryl test so as to increase the probability of positive results in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The study had three parts. First, the sampling time was optimized by analyzing retrospectively the frequency of fluorescein peaks at different times from 0 to 240 min in 560 consecutive patients. Second, the calculation of serum fluorescein concentrations by means of a standard calibration factor was prospectively compared in 271 consecutive patients with a modification involving a specimen-specific calibration factor for each patient. Third, the clinical utility of the intravenous injection of secretin before ingestion of the test meal was prospectively evaluated in a further 32 patients. As a result, the optimized serum pancreolauryl test developed differs from the former version of the test in utilizing intravenous administration of secretin before the test meal, calculation of serum fluorescein based on specimen-specific calibration factors, and blood samples taken only at 0 (basal), 120, 150, 180, and 240 min. This optimized pancreolauryl test was abnormal more frequently in patients with chronic pancreatitis than was the formerly used test, especially for cases of mild and moderate disease.
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P Mahapatra, R., Aparna Ranjith, and A. Kulothungan. "Framework for Optimizing Test Cases in Regression Testing." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.12 (July 20, 2018): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.16126.
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Software once developed is subject to continuous changes. Software Regression Testing thus can be used to reduce the efforts of testing the software by selecting only the required number of test cases and ordering them to test the software after changes have been made to it. In order to improve the fault detection rate, the selection of efficient test cases and order of execution of these tests is important. Here is when the test case selection comes into picture where in, the fault detection rate during the working of any software has to be improved. The test case selection process will find the most efficient test cases which can fully functionally test the software that has been modified. This indeed will contribute to an improved fault detection rate which can provide faster feedback on the system under test and let software engineers begin correcting faults as early as possible. In this paper, an approach for test case selection is proposed which takes into consideration the effect of three parameters History, Coverage and Requirement all together in order to improve the selection process. This will also ensure that the rejection of some efficient test cases is reduced when compared to the selection process in conventional methods, most of them making use of a single parameter for test case selection. These Test cases are further optimized using Genetic Algorithm. Results indicate that the proposed technique is much more efficient in terms of selecting the test cases when compared to conventional techniques, thereby improving fault detection rate.
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Nelasov, N. J., R. V. Sidorov, M. N. Morgunov, N. S. Doltmurzieva, O. L. Eroshenko, E. A. Arzumanjan, A. G. Nechaeva, and S. V. Shluik. "Echocardiographic Stress Test with Adenosine Triphosphate: Optimization of the Algorithm." Kardiologiia 59, no. 11 (December 15, 2019): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2019.11.2665.
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Purpose. To: 1) optimize algorithm of stress echocardiography (s-Echo) with intravenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) infusion taking into account pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ATP in human body, 2) test new algorithm in patients with coronary and other heart diseases. Materials and methods. In order to determine spectrum of factors influencing the results of stress test with ATP we inspected main scientific data bases and found 48 publications on ATP application for diagnostic purposes. Analysis of these publications allowed us to optimize algorithm of ATP s-Echo. Optimized algorithm was tested on 26 subjects, who underwent ATP 4D strain-stress-echocardiography of the left ventricle. Results and discussion. Optimized algorithm has three stages: registration of Echo data sets before, at the time of ATP infusion, and after 5 min of ATP infusion termination. Registration of Echo parameters at the second stage must begin not earlier than 3 min after the onset of ATP infusion and only in the presence of signs of coronary vasodilation. We think that the main indirect criterion of submaximal coronary vasodilation is 5 mm Hg or more decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP), but not below SBP level of 90 mm Hg. Initial dose of ATP is 140 µg/kg/min. If after 2 min of infusion SBP do not diminish we increase the infusion rate at first to 175 and then to 210 µg/kg/min. While testing new algorithm in all cases we have achieved criteria of effective vasodilation. Mean SBP decrease was 16.4±13.7 mm Hg, heart rate increase – 12.7±8.1 bpm. In all patients we obtained interpretable 4D LV Echo data sets for visual analysis of local contractility and automatic strain analysis. Conclusion. Optimization of ATP sEcho algorithm was performed. Safety and efficacy of optimized algorythm for registration of echo data was demonstrated. New ATP infusion algorithm can also be recommended for testing with other cardiac imaging modalities in evaluation of myocardial perfusion and contractility (SPECT, CT, MRI, PET).
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Horlenko, Olesya M., Vasyl I. Rusyn, Viktoriya M. Studenyak, Nataliia V. Sochka, Fedir V. Horlenko, Ivan I. Kopolovets, and Lyubomyra B. Prylypko. "INTEGRATIVE MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTIC OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN THE CASES OF CHILDREN WITH ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION." Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, no. 4 (2021): 948–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202104125.
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The aim: To optimize the treatment of children with Essential Arterial Hypertension (EAH) in assotiation with Endotelial Dysfunction (ED) by studying the clinical and morphofunctional characteristics of the cardiovascular system disorders and correction of endothelial dysfunction with the using of essential phospholipids. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 80 children and 30 – a control group. The next stage included the division of 80 children into 2 subgroups. Patients in the first subgroup received basic treatment (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor of the third generation), the second – optimized treatment (basic treatment was with addition of certified drug lecithin). Doses were determined according to the instructions and age for 2 months. In the study were used: ECG, Echocardiography, Ultrasonography, Morphofunctional studies of the endothelium. Results: There is a dynamic decreasing in the level of left ventricular myocardial mass index (LV MMI), reduction of end-diastolic volume (EDV) and increase in the absolute values of shock volume (SV), ejection fraction( EF) under the influence of optimized treatment due to the inclusion of lecithin in the treatment of children with EAH with ED. The Ve/Va ratio had a tendency to increase. Vasoconstriction of vessels after the reactive hyperemia test was significantly reduced, but the degree of vasodilation varied depending on the method of therapy. The intima-media thickness (IMT) decreased in 1.12 times in the cases of children with an optimized treatment, accompanied by a decreasing of DEC by 2-times. Levels of the aortic stiffness index had a tendency of decreasing (from 0.88 ± 0.02 to 0.71 ± 0.01 and to 0.63 ± 0.01, respectively, by groups and in comparison with the control group – 0.55 ± 0 , 01), which reflects the improvement of hemodynamic parameters. The dynamic parameters obtained in the cases of patients with EAH in association with ED, taking into account the impact of the optimized treatment had positive correction on the total risk of cardiovascular complications, changes in the profile of LV diastolic filling, dysfunction of arterial endothelium. Conclusions: The inclusion of essential phospholipids in the treatment of children with EAH and ED helps to optimize the profile of LV diastolic filling and exclude vascular endothelial dysfunction and indicate a positive effect of optimized treatment on the overall risk of cardiovascular complications.
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Khari, Manju, and Prabhat Kumar. "Empirical Evaluation of Hill Climbing Algorithm." International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing 8, no. 4 (October 2017): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamc.2017100102.
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The software is growing in size and complexity every day due to which strong need is felt by the research community to search for the techniques which can optimize test cases effectively. The current study is inspired by the collective behavior of finding paths from the colony of food and uses different versions of Hill Climbing Algorithm (HCA) such as Stochastic, and Steepest Ascent HCA for the purpose of finding a good optimal solution. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified on the basis of three parameters comprising of optimized test cases, time is taken during the optimization process, and the percentage of optimization achieved. The results suggest that proposed Stochastic HCA is significantly average percentage better than Steepest Ascent HCA in reducing the number of test cases in order to accomplish the optimization target.
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Cioara, Tudor, Marcel Antal, Claudia Daniela Antal (Pop), Ionut Anghel, Massimo Bertoncini, Diego Arnone, Marilena Lazzaro, et al. "Data Centers Optimized Integration with Multi-Energy Grids: Test Cases and Results in Operational Environment." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 9893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239893.
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In this paper, we address the management of Data Centers (DCs) by considering their optimal integration with the electrical, thermal, and IT (Information Technology) networks helping them to meet sustainability objectives and gain primary energy savings. Innovative scenarios are defined for exploiting the DCs electrical, thermal, and workload flexibility as a commodity and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are proposed and used as enablers for the scenarios’ implementation. The technology and scenarios were evaluated in the context of two operational DCs: a micro DC in Poznan which has on-site renewable sources and a DC in Point Saint Martin. The test cases’ results validate the possibility of using renewable energy sources (RES) for exploiting DCs’ energy flexibility and the potential of combining IT load migration with the availability of RES to increase the amount of energy flexibility by finding a trade-off between the flexibility level, IT load Quality of Service (QoS), and the RES production level. Moreover, the experiments conducted show that the DCs can successfully adapt their thermal energy profile for heat re-use as well as the combined electrical and thermal energy profiles to match specific flexibility requests.
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Sahoo, Rashmi Rekha, and Mitrabinda Ray. "Metaheuristic Techniques for Test Case Generation." Journal of Information Technology Research 11, no. 1 (January 2018): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2018010110.
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The primary objective of software testing is to locate bugs as many as possible in software by using an optimum set of test cases. Optimum set of test cases are obtained by selection procedure which can be viewed as an optimization problem. So metaheuristic optimizing (searching) techniques have been immensely used to automate software testing task. The application of metaheuristic searching techniques in software testing is termed as Search Based Testing. Non-redundant, reliable and optimized test cases can be generated by the search based testing with less effort and time. This article presents a systematic review on several meta heuristic techniques like Genetic Algorithms, Particle Swarm optimization, Ant Colony Optimization, Bee Colony optimization, Cuckoo Searches, Tabu Searches and some modified version of these algorithms used for test case generation. The authors also provide one framework, showing the advantages, limitations and future scope or gap of these research works which will help in further research on these works.
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Gladston, Angelin, and Niranjana Devi N. "Optimal Test Case Selection Using Ant Colony and Rough Sets." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 11, no. 2 (April 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaec.2020040101.
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Test case selection helps in improving quality of test suites by removing ambiguous, redundant test cases, thereby reducing the cost of software testing. Various works carried out have chosen test cases based on single parameter and optimized the test cases using single objective employing single strategies. In this article, a parameter selection technique is combined with an optimization technique for optimizing the selection of test cases. A two-step approach has been employed. In first step, the fuzzy entropy-based filtration is used for test case fitness evaluation and selection. In second step, the improvised ant colony optimization is employed to select test cases from the previously reduced test suite. The experimental evaluation using coverage parameters namely, average percentage statement coverage and average percentage decision coverage along with suite size reduction, demonstrate that by using this proposed approach, test suite size can be reduced, reducing further the computational effort incurred.
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Almutairi, Saleh Ateeq. "DL-MDF-OH2: Optimized Deep Learning-Based Monkeypox Diagnostic Framework Using the Metaheuristic Harris Hawks Optimizer Algorithm." Electronics 11, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 4077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244077.
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At the time the world is attempting to get over the damage caused by the COVID-19 spread, the monkeypox virus threatens to evolve into a global pandemic. Human monkeypox was first recognized in Africa and has recently emerged in 103 countries outside Africa. However, monkeypox diagnosis in an early stage is difficult because of the similarity between it, chickenpox, cowpox and measles. In some cases, computer-assisted detection of monkeypox lesions can be helpful for quick identification of suspected cases. Infected and uninfected cases have added to a growing dataset that is publicly accessible and may be utilized by machine and deep learning to predict the suspected cases at an early stage. Motivated by this, a diagnostic framework to categorize the cases of patients into four categories (i.e., normal, monkeypox, chicken pox and measles) is proposed. The diagnostic framework is a hybridization of pre-trained Convolution Neural Network (CNN) models, machine learning classifiers and a metaheuristic optimization algorithm. The hyperparameters of the five pre-trained models (i.e., VGG19, VGG16, Xception, MobileNet and MobileNetV2) are optimized using a Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO) metaheuristic algorithm. After that, the features can be extracted from the feature extraction and reduction layers. These features are classified using seven machine learning models (i.e., Random Forest, AdaBoost, Histogram Gradient Boosting, Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Machine, Extra Trees and KNN). For each classifier, 10-fold cross-validation is used to train and test the classifiers on the features and the weighted average performance metrics are reported. The predictions from the pre-trained model and machine learning classifiers are then processed using majority voting. This study conducted the experiments on two datasets (i.e., Monkeypox Skin Images Dataset (MSID) and Monkeypox Images Dataset (MPID)). MSID dataset values 97.67%, 95.19%, 97.96%, 95.11%, 96.58%, 95.10%, 90.93% and 96.65% are achieved concerning accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, BAC, F1, IoU and ROC, respectively. While for the MPID dataset, values of 97.51%, 94.84%, 94.48%, 94.96%, 96.66%, 94.88%, 90.45% and 96.69% are achieved concerning accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, BAC, F1, IoU and ROC, respectively.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "OPTIMIZED TEST CASES"
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YADAV, TRILOCAAN. "MINIMIZING AND OPTIMIZING THE SOLUTION SPACE OF TEST DATA." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2020. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18828.
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In the software development lifecycle (SDL), testing of software is the most stressful and exhausting operation which consumes lots of time. Every aspect of software is very hard to test. Consequently, in recent times some automatic data generation research methods were added to reduce the time expended during the software testing. And the solution space of the automated generated test data is very large. It is not easy to check all the test data which is generated because it is time consuming, forces to check whole solution space of automated generated test data. We present in this paper demonstrating the design framework, implementing it and discovering the tool 's capabilities to minimize the test data generated. Our concrete concepts on the test cases for the optimal set is based on the mutation function Specified by the user. The system was implemented in language C++. We introduce mutation function to calculate mutant score with value and path to the test cases generated to minimize the solution space for the tester.
Books on the topic "OPTIMIZED TEST CASES"
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Thomas, Gregory S., L. Samuel Wann, and Myrvin H. Ellestad, eds. Ellestad's Stress Testing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190225483.001.0001.
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The 6th edition of the textbook Ellestad’s Stress Testing: Principles and Practice was written for the new and veteran clinician alike performing stress testing. Thoroughly updated, referenced and interspersed with case examples, the book reviews how to get the most out exercise testing, without and with ancillary imaging. In addition to evaluation of ST segment depression, other powerful tools to detect ischemia and forecast the future are reviewed to increase the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic ability of exercise testing. The recognition and significance of exercise induced arrhythmias and conduction defects are examined. When to convert to pharmacologic stress or add ancillary imaging, including myocardial perfusion imaging, echocardiography, coronary calcium scoring, and magnetic reference imaging are reviewed. The use of stress testing in the management of obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure, cardiac rehabilitation, peripheral vascular disease, congenital heart and other cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is examined. Options to optimize the diagnostic capabilities of exercise and other diagnostic testing for women are highlighted. Strategic use of exercise testing in the face of a decreasing burden of CAD in the developed world, as well as the opportunity to rely on exercise testing as the first test to evaluate CVD in the developing world, are reviewed. The fundamentals of exercise physiology and myocardial ischemia that serve as the foundation for exercise testing in health and disease are explained.
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Hamson-Utley, Jordan, Cynthia Kay Mathena, and Tina Patel Gunaldo, eds. Interprofessional Education and Collaboration. Human Kinetics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718215504.
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Interprofessional Education and Collaboration: An Evidence-Based Approach to Optimizing Health Care is a groundbreaking text in the field of interprofessional education (IPE) and interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP). As the health care industry continues to grow, it is critical that those entering health care careers possess interprofessional competency and a collaborative skill set. As such, the World Health Organization and academic program accreditors have amplified their calls for interprofessional training. This text guides the reader through the core competencies for interprofessional collaborative practice that have been set by the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) and takes an inclusive approach to the education standards set by professional programs that are members of the Health Professions Accreditors Collaborative (HPAC), including the Commission on Accreditation of the Athletic Training Education (CAATE). Authored by a team of experts representing seven health care professions, this text uses simple definitions and uniform terminology to supply a foundational basis for IPE and IPCP. Introductory topics include building professional t`knowledge of self and others, creating a culture for teams, building interprofessional relationships, and fostering collaboration. Later chapters move beyond the basics to provide guidance in leading interprofessional teams, managing conflict, and sustaining the interprofessional effort. Interprofessional Education and Collaboration offers a unique pedagogical structure that links IPE concepts with IPCP strategies by connecting research with evidence-based practices. Case studies create opportunities to assimilate and discuss IPE concepts. To optimize student engagement and comprehension, each chapter contains the following valuable learning aids: • Each chapter begins with a Case Study that presents a realistic IPCP scenario. At the close of each chapter, the case study is revisited to apply the chapter themes to the case study, and three to five discussion questions are supplied. • Collaborative Corner sidebars aid comprehension with reflective questions or statements related to chapter topics. This feature will facilitate collaborative learning as students share their interprofessional perspectives. • Tools of IPE sidebars equip readers with resources such as surveys, inventories, and activities to implement in their daily practice. • EBP of Teamship sidebars showcase contemporary research articles and findings. This feature reinforces the connection between IPE and IPCP by summarizing relevant research and supplying corresponding evidence-based ICPC strategies. As leading health care institutions continue to prioritize IPE and IPCP, educators have a responsibility to shape the future of health care through an interprofessional curriculum. Interprofessional Education and Collaboration is focused on developing a dual identity that leads to intentional behaviors designed to improve patient outcomes through IPCP. Readers will conclude this text with a firm understanding of IPE concepts and IPCP implementation strategies that aim to create change in daily practice and improve the impact of health care.
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Kreitzer, Mary Jo, Mary Koithan, and Andrew Weil, eds. Integrative Nursing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190851040.001.0001.
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Fully updated and revised, the second edition of Integrative Nursing is a complete roadmap to holistic patient care, providing a step-by-step guide to assess and clinically treat conditions through a variety of combined methodologies including traditional and alternative therapies with all aspects of lifestyle. This text identifies both the skills and theoretical frameworks for interprofessional systems leaders to consider and implement integrative healthcare strategies within institutions, including several case studies involving practical nursing-led initiatives. This volume covers the foundations of the field; the most effective ways to optimize wellbeing; principles of symptom management for many common disorders like sleep, anxiety, pain, and cognitive impairment; the application of integrative nursing techniques in a variety of clinical settings and among a diverse patient population; and integrative practices around the world and how they impact planetary health. The academic rigor of the text is balanced by practical and relevant content that can be readily implemented into practice for both established professionals as well as students enrolled in undergraduate or graduate nursing programs. Integrative health and medicine is defined as healing-oriented care that takes account of the whole person (body, mind, and spirit) as well as all aspects of lifestyle; it emphasizes the therapeutic relationship and makes use of appropriate therapies, both conventional and alternative. Series editor Andrew Weil, MD, is Professor and Director of the Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine at the University of Arizona. Dr. Weil’s program was the first such academic program in the U.S., and its stated goal is “to combine the best ideas and practices of conventional and alternative medicine into cost effective treatments without embracing alternative practices uncritically.”
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Parnell, Susan, Edgar Pieterse, Mark Swilling, and Dominique Wooldridge. Democratising Local Government: The South African Experiment. UCT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/1-91971-352-6.
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Local government is at the forefront of development. In South Africa the ambitious policy objectives of post-apartheid reconstruction and development hinge on the successful creation of a democratic tier of government close to the people. An entirely new system of ‘developmental local government’ has thus been introduced. As is the case in many developing countries, the responsibilities of municipalities in South Africa have been extended dramatically, often without adequate resources. Managing municipalities for development therefore requires political will and strategic intervention. Democratising Local Government – the South African Experiment will assist officials, politicians and communities who wish to optimise their development ambitions within the new local governance framework. Lessons from the South African experience will be of use in many other countries, especially in Africa, where decentralisation is a major emphasis of development theory and practice. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to developmental local government. It includes: the design of the new local government system and the issues posed by decentralisation an overview of specific challenges of urban and rural municipalities a discussion of special issues facing local government including poverty, gender and environment new tools for local government, including budgeting, indicators, municipal partnerships and capacity building. The authors have extensive experience in policy formulation, municipal management and research on local government. They are activists, civil servants, NGO workers, consultants and academics. Their authoritative views are brought together in this important test to provide a solid foundation for working with and understanding local government in the developing world.
Book chapters on the topic "OPTIMIZED TEST CASES"
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Hagn, Korbinian, and Oliver Grau. "Optimized Data Synthesis for DNN Training and Validation by Sensor Artifact Simulation." In Deep Neural Networks and Data for Automated Driving, 127–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01233-4_4.
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AbstractSynthetic, i.e., computer-generated imagery (CGI) data is a key component for training and validating deep-learning-based perceptive functions due to its ability to simulate rare cases, avoidance of privacy issues, and generation of pixel-accurate ground truth data. Today, physical-based rendering (PBR) engines simulate already a wealth of realistic optical effects but are mainly focused on the human perception system. Whereas the perceptive functions require realistic images modeled with sensor artifacts as close as possible toward the sensor, the training data has been recorded. This chapter proposes a way to improve the data synthesis process by application of realistic sensor artifacts. To do this, one has to overcome the domain distance between real-world imagery and the synthetic imagery. Therefore, we propose a measure which captures the generalization distance of two distinct datasets which have been trained on the same model. With this measure the data synthesis pipeline can be improved to produce realistic sensor-simulated images which are closer to the real-world domain. The proposed measure is based on the Wasserstein distance (earth mover’s distance, EMD) over the performance metric mean intersection-over-union (mIoU) on a per-image basis, comparing synthetic and real datasets using deep neural networks (DNNs) for semantic segmentation. This measure is subsequently used to match the characteristic of a real-world camera for the image synthesis pipeline which considers realistic sensor noise and lens artifacts. Comparing the measure with the well-established Fréchet inception distance (FID) on real and artificial datasets demonstrates the ability to interpret the generalization distance which is inherent asymmetric and more informative than just a simple distance measure. Furthermore, we use the metric as an optimization criterion to adapt a synthetic dataset to a real dataset, decreasing the EMD distance between a synthetic and the Cityscapes dataset from 32.67 to 27.48 and increasing the mIoU of our test algorithm () from 40.36 to $$47.63\%$$ 47.63 % .
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Ziadi, Noura, Bernie J. Zebarth, Gilles Bélanger, and Athyna N. Cambouris. "Soil and Plant Tests to Optimize Fertilizer Nitrogen Management of Potatoes." In Sustainable Potato Production: Global Case Studies, 187–207. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4104-1_11.
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Amendola, Arturo, Anna Becchi, Roberto Cavada, Alessandro Cimatti, Andrea Ferrando, Lorenzo Pilati, Giuseppe Scaglione, Alberto Tacchella, and Marco Zamboni. "NORMA: a tool for the analysis of Relay-based Railway Interlocking Systems." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 125–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_7.
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AbstractWe present Norma, a tool for the modeling and analysis of Relay-based Railways Interlocking Systems (RRIS). Norma is the result of a research project funded by the Italian Railway Network, to support the reverse engineering and migration to computer-based technology of legacy RRIS. The frontend fully supports the graphical modeling of Italian RRIS, with a palette of over two hundred basic components, stubs to abstract RRIS subcircuits, and requirements in terms of formal properties. The internal component based representation is translated into highly optimized Timed nuXmv models, and supports various syntactic and semantic checks based on formal verification, simulation and test case generation. Norma is experimentally evaluated, demonstrating the practical support for the modelers, and the effectiveness of the underlying optimizations.
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Harper, Corey A., Ron Daniel, and Paul Groth. "Question Answering with Additive Restrictive Training (QuAART): Question Answering for the Rapid Development of New Knowledge Extraction Pipelines." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 51–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17105-5_4.
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AbstractNumerous studies have explored the use of language models and question answering techniques for knowledge extraction. In most cases, these models are trained on data specific to the new task at hand. We hypothesize that using models trained only on generic question answering data (e.g. SQuAD) is a good starting point for domain specific entity extraction. We test this hypothesis, and explore whether the addition of small amounts of training data can help lift model performance. We pay special attention to the use of null answers and unanswerable questions to optimize performance. To our knowledge, no studies have been done to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique. We do so for an end-to-end entity mention detection and entity typing task on HAnDS and FIGER, two common evaluation datasets for fine grained entity recognition. We focus on fine-grained entity recognition because it is challenging scenario, and because the long tail of types in this task highlights the need for entity extraction systems that can deal with new domains and types. To our knowledge, we are the first system beyond those presented in the original FIGER and HAnDS papers to tackle the task in an end-to-end fashion. Using an extremely small sample from the distantly-supervised HAnDS training data – 0.0015%, or less than 500 passages randomly chosen out of 31 million – we produce a CoNNL F1 score of 73.72 for entity detection on FIGER. Our end-to-end detection and typing evaluation produces macro and micro F1s of 45.11 and 54.75, based on the FIGER evaluation metrics. This work provides a foundation for the rapid development of new knowledge extraction pipelines.
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Singh, Rajvir, Anita Singhrova, and Rajesh Bhatia. "Optimized Test Case Generation for Object Oriented Systems Using Weka Open Source Software." In Research Anthology on Usage and Development of Open Source Software, 596–618. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9158-1.ch032.
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Detection of fault proneness classes helps software testers to generate effective class level test cases. In this article, a novel technique is presented for an optimized test case generation for ant-1.7 open source software. Class level object oriented (OO) metrics are considered as effective means to find fault proneness classes. The open source software ant-1.7 is considered for the evaluation of proposed techniques as a case study. The proposed mathematical model is the first of its kind generated using Weka open source software to select effective OO metrics. Effective and ineffective OO metrics are identified using feature selection techniques for generating test cases to cover fault proneness classes. In this methodology, only effective metrics are considered for assigning weights to test paths. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is effective and efficient as the average fault exposition potential of generated test cases is 90.16% and test cases execution time saving is 45.11%.
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Sahoo, Rashmi Rekha, and Mitrabinda Ray. "Metaheuristic Techniques for Test Case Generation." In Research Anthology on Agile Software, Software Development, and Testing, 1043–58. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3702-5.ch052.
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The primary objective of software testing is to locate bugs as many as possible in software by using an optimum set of test cases. Optimum set of test cases are obtained by selection procedure which can be viewed as an optimization problem. So metaheuristic optimizing (searching) techniques have been immensely used to automate software testing task. The application of metaheuristic searching techniques in software testing is termed as Search Based Testing. Non-redundant, reliable and optimized test cases can be generated by the search based testing with less effort and time. This article presents a systematic review on several meta heuristic techniques like Genetic Algorithms, Particle Swarm optimization, Ant Colony Optimization, Bee Colony optimization, Cuckoo Searches, Tabu Searches and some modified version of these algorithms used for test case generation. The authors also provide one framework, showing the advantages, limitations and future scope or gap of these research works which will help in further research on these works.
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MacAskill, Findlay, and Archie Fernando. "Metastatic testicular cancer: post-chemotherapy residual mass and cancer survivorship." In Challenging Cases in Urological Surgery, edited by Karl H. Pang, James W. F. Catto, Aung Myat, and Shouvik Haldar, 199–208. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198854371.003.0020.
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Abstract Through this case of a young man with metastatic testicular cancer, a systematic approach to the evaluation and prognostication of such cases is presented. The case explores the contemporary challenges facing the treatment of metastatic testicular cancer with particular attention to the management of residual masses following chemotherapy; and also highlights the importance of focusing on survivorship at every stage to ensure that the patient’s well-being is optimized while still delivering excellent oncological outcomes. The learning points, clinical tips, and expert comments are designed to provide a comprehensive evidence base for treatment decisions. Furthermore, the case looks at future directions in testis cancer including novel prognostic markers such as microRNA-371a-3p (so-called M371 test); minimally invasive and modified template retroperitoneal lymph node dissection; fertility assessment and preservation; and methods of reducing the physical and psychological morbidity of treatments in order to safeguard the quality of life of these patients.
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Manohar, Balakrishnama, and Raja Das. "Comparison of Hybrid Artificial Neural Networks With GA, PSO, and RSA in Predicting COVID-19 Cases." In Multi-Disciplinary Applications of Fog Computing, 207–44. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4466-5.ch011.
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The objective of the current study is to choose the best model with the highest accuracy rate using three robust hybrid artificial intelligence-based models: the ANN-GA, ANN-PSO and ANN-RSA. To do so, a sample of COVID-19 confirmed cases in India between August 1, 2021, and July 26, 2022, is first compiled. A random allocation of 70% (30%) of the total observation has been chosen as training (testing) data. After that, the LM method is used to train an ANN model. Accordingly, the appropriate number of hidden neurons is determined to be 9 using the R^2 and RMSE criterion. To achieve the highest accuracy rate, ANN-GA, ANN-PSO, and ANN-RSA models are developed using the presented ANN model. The optimized model's R-values during the training and test phases, according to ANN-GA and ANN-PSO, are 0.99 and 0.95, respectively. The R-values for ANN-RSA varied from 0.99 to 0.96. hence, the ANN-RSA demonstrated superior performance in forecasting COVID-19 cases in India.
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Deng, Yanjun, Yefei Zhang, Shenguan Wu, Lihuan Shao, and Xiaohong Zhang. "EHG-Based Preterm Delivery Prediction Algorithm Driven by Transfer Learning." In Computer Methods in Medicine and Health Care. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210243.
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Preterm delivery is currently a global concern of maternal and child health, which directly affects infants’ early morbidity, and even death in several severe cases. Therefore, it is particularly important to effectively monitor the uterine contraction of perinatal pregnant women, and to make effective prediction and timely treatment for the possibility of preterm delivery. Electromyography (EHG) signal, an important measurement to predict preterm delivery in clinical practice, shows obvious consistency and correlation with the frequency and intensity of uterine contraction. This paper proposed a deep convolution neural network (DCNN) model based on transfer learning. Specifically, it is based on the VGGNet model, combined with recurrence plot (RP) analysis and transfer learning techniques such as “Fine-tune”, marked as VGGNet19-I3. Optimized with the clinical measured term-preterm EHG database, it showed good auxiliary prediction performances in 78 training and test samples, and achieved a high accuracy of 97.00% in 100 validation samples.
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"Data Types and Variables." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 31–52. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6687-2.ch002.
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In the process of programming, understanding data types and variable declaration plays an important role in software development. When choosing the right data type and managing variables well, this will help the software to be optimized and memory, making the customer experience for the software better. The chapter will present the data types of the Kotlin language, data types will be grouped some category to make it easy for learners to remember and compare, data explicit conversion and implicit conversion are mentioned. Also, important operators for data types covered in this chapter include unary operators, basic arithmetic, assignment, comparison, Logic, increment and decrement operators, etc. This chapter also guides how to input data into the software from the keyboard to help readers easily test the cases during the programming process. For each content, this chapter provides simple and easy-to-understand sample code for easy access, and at the end of the chapter there are practice exercises to improve programming skills.
Conference papers on the topic "OPTIMIZED TEST CASES"
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Porreca, L., A. I. Kalfas, and R. S. Abhari. "Optimized Shroud Design for Axial Turbine Aerodynamic Performance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27915.
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This paper presents a comprehensive study of the effect of shroud design in axial turbine aerodynamics. Experimental measurements and numerical simulations has been conducted on three different test cases with identical blade geometry and tip clearances but different shroud designs. The first and the second test cases are representative of a full shroud and a non-axisymmetric partial shroud geometry while the third test case however uses an optimized partial shroud. Partial shrouds are sometimes used in industrial application in order to benefit from the advantage of shrouded configuration as well as reducing mechanical stress on the blades. However, the optimal compromise between mechanical considerations and aerodynamic performances is still an open issue due to the resulting highly 3-dimensional unsteady flow field. Aerodynamic performance is measured in a low-speed axial turbine facility and shows that there are clear differences between the test cases. In addition, steady and time resolved measurements are performed together with computational analysis in order to improve understanding of the effect of the shroud geometry on the flow field and to quantify the sources of the resultant additional losses. The flow field analysis shows that the effect of the shroud geometry is significant from 60% blade height span to the tip. Tip leakage vortex in the first rotor is originated in the partial shroud test cases while the full shroud case present only a weak indigenous tip passage vortex. This results in a significant difference in the secondary flow development in the following second stator with associated losses that varies of about 1% in this row. The analysis shows that the modified partial shroud design has improved considerably the aerodynamic efficiency of about 0.6% by keeping almost unchanged the overall weight of this component and thus blade root stresses. The work therefore presents a comprehensive flow field analysis and the shows the impact of the shroud geometry in the aerodynamic performance.
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Huh, Nam-Su, Do-Jun Shim, Yun-Jae Kim, and Young-Jin Kim. "Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics Assessment of Test Data for Circumferential Cracked Pipes." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1992.
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This paper presents experimental validation of two reference stress based methods for circumferential cracked pipes. One is the R6 method where the reference stress is defined by the plastic limit load. The other is the enhanced reference stress method, recently proposed by the authors, where the reference stress is defined by the optimized reference load. Using thirty-eight published pipe test data, the predicted maximum instability loads according to both methods are compared with the experimental ones for pipes with circumferential through-thickness cracks and with part circumferential surface cracks. It is found that the R6 method gives conservative estimates of the maximum loads for all cases. Ratios of the experimental maximum load to the predicted load range from 0.54 to 0.98. On the other hand, the proposed method gives overall closer maximum loads than R6, compared to the experimental data. However, for part through-thickness surface cracks, the estimated loads were slightly non-conservative for four cases, and possible reasons were fully discussed.
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Edholm, P., A. Wahl, H. Johannesson, and R. So¨derberg. "Knowledge-Based Configuration of Integrated Product and Process Platforms." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86540.
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The definition of the content of a product platform highly affects the possibility to engineer and produce unique and optimized products to suit customer needs. In this paper, generic configurable autonomous subsystems, Configurable Components (CCs), are used to define platforms that can be used to configure and instantiate product as well as process structures and to optimize instantiated part solutions. To simulate a realistic industrial environment, a configuration demonstrator has been developed and used to perform case studies in order to test the CC concept. The test cases are focused on geometrical interfaces between components. Communication functionality between the demonstrator and a CAT (Computer Aided Tolerancing) tool has been developed to enable automatic optimization of interface concepts during configuration. In summary, the paper shows that, given variant-specific input data, a knowledge-based platform definition with high design bandwidth can be used to configure, engineer and manufacture an instanced product variant.
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Adewale Sanusi, Bashir, Emmanuel Ogunshile, Mehmet Aydin, Stephen Olatunde Olabiyisi, and Mayowa Oyedepo Oyediran. "Development of Communicating Stream X-Machine Tool for Modeling and Generating Test Cases for Automated Teller Machine." In 9th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.121407.
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The improvement of this paper takes advantage of the existing formal method called Stream XMachine by optimizing the theory and applying it to practice in a large-scale system. This optimized formal approach called Communicating Stream X-Machine (CSXM) applied in software testing based on its formal specifications to a distributed system as it points out its advantages and limits of the use of the existing formal methods to this level. However, despite the tremendous works that has been done in the software testing research area, the origin of bugs or defects in a software is still cost and takes more time to detect. Therefore, this paper has proven that the current state of art challenge is due to that lack of a formal specification of what exactly a software system is supposed to do. In this paper, CSXM principles was used for the development of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) given formal specification which outputs conforms with the implementation. Moreso, the computational strength of Remote Method Invocation (RMI) network interface in Java programming was used to provide communication between the stand-alone systems i.e., the client (ATM) and server (Bank) in the context of this paper. The results of this paper have been proven and helps software developers and researchers takes early action on bugs or defects discovered by software testing.
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Rhee, Dong-Ho, Young Seok Kang, Bong Jun Cha, Jeong-Seek Kang, Sanga Lee, and Kwanjung Yee. "Film Cooling Performance Improvement With Optimized Hole Arrangements on Pressure Side Surface of Nozzle Guide Vane: Part II — Experimental Validation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57978.
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In the present study, the optimized configurations of film cooled turbine guide vanes proposed in Part I were validated experimentally and the effect of coolant mass flow rate on the performance was examined for those optimized configurations. A set of tests were conducted using an annular sector transonic turbine cascade test facility in Korea Aerospace Research Institute. The mainstream and the secondary air for cooling are supplied by 500 hp and 50 hp compressors, respectively, and the mainstream was heated approximately 20°C above the secondary flow by 300kW heater. To measure the film cooling effectiveness on the pressure side surface, the transient measurement method was used using a FLIR infrared camera system. The test section has five nozzle guide vanes with four passages. The three times scaled-up vane model is manufactured by a stereolithography method. The tests were conducted at mainstream exit Reynolds number based on the chord of 2.2×106 and the coolant mass flow rate ranging from 5 to 13% of the mainstream. The flow periodicity in the cascade passage was verified by surface static pressure measurements. The results showed that the optimized cases present better cooling effectiveness values in the overall region. The effect of coolant mass flow rate also presents the same trend. Comparison with the CFD results shows that the CFD results over-predict film cooling effectiveness by 10∼20 percentage points for baseline and 17∼23 percentage points for the optimized cases. This is probably partly due to the discrepancy of operating conditions such as inlet boundary condition and density ratio and partly due to the limitation of numerical method used in the optimization such as coarse grid near the surface. However, a quite good agreement is obtained qualitatively, which means the optimization process can be utilized as a reliable and efficient method for film cooling performance improvement.
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Charles, Christophe, and Alain Margain. "Artefacts of SEM/TEM Observations Cases on Seal Ring Structure and Correctives Samples Preparations to Avoid Them." In ISTFA 2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2019p0130.
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Abstract FIB/SEM and TEM are standard characterization techniques for evaluation of process modification of microelectronics samples. In this paper, artefacts from these techniques are studied. The sample preparation methods are optimized to avoid damages. Seal-ring structures are chosen as an example in this study to show artefacts and difficulties in SEM and TEM observations. Two cases of artefacts are considered: one with TEM sample preparation followed by TEM imaging, and the other one with SEM observations after FIB cross-sectioning. In the first case, electronic chips that failed during stress tests are investigated, while in the second case a part has been dismissed during robustness qualification test. In the former, thickness of TEM lamellae has been evidenced as a key factor for delamination between layers under beam, whereas in the latter, it was observed that the electron beam lead to a shrink of oxide layers, which induced the break of underlying contacts.
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Miller, Jason D., David J. Buckmaster, Katherine Hart, Timothy J. Held, David Thimsen, Andrew Maxson, Jeffrey N. Phillips, and Scott Hume. "Comparison of Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles to Steam Rankine Cycles in Coal-Fired Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64933.
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Increasing the efficiency of coal-fired power plants is vital to reducing electricity costs and emissions. Power cycles employing supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) as the working fluid have the potential to increase power cycle efficiency by 3–5% points over state-of-the-art oxy-combustion steam-Rankine cycles operating under comparable conditions. To date, the majority of studies have focused on the integration and optimization of sCO2 power cycles in waste heat, solar, or nuclear applications. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the potential of sCO2 power cycles, and quantify the power cycle efficiency gains that can be achieved versus the state-of-the-art steam-Rankine cycles employed in oxy-fired coal power plants. Turbine inlet conditions were varied among the sCO2 test cases and compared with existing Department of Energy (DOE)/National Energy Technology6 Laboratory (NETL) steam base cases. Two separate sCO2 test cases were considered and the associated flow sheets developed. The turbine inlet conditions for this study were chosen to match conditions in a coal-fired ultra-supercritical steam plant (Tinlet = 593°C, Pinlet = 24.1 MPa) and an advanced ultra-supercritical steam plant (Tinlet = 730°C, Pinlet = 27.6 MPa). A plant size of 550 MWe, was selected to match available information on existing DOE/NETL bases cases. The effects of cycle architecture, combustion-air preheater temperature, and cooling source type were considered subject to comparable heat source and reference conditions taken from the steam Rankine reference cases. Combinations and variants of sCO2 power cycles — including cascade and recompression and variants with multiple reheat and compression steps — were considered with varying heat-rejection subsystems — air-cooled, direct cooling tower, and indirect-loop cooling tower. Where appropriate, combustion air preheater inlet temperature was also varied. Through use of a multivariate nonlinear optimization design process that considers both performance and economic impacts, curves of minimum cost versus efficiency were generated for each sCO2 test case and combination of architecture and operational choices. These curves indicate both peak theoretical efficiency and suggest practical limits based on incremental cost versus performance. For a given test case, results for individual architectural and operational options give insight to cost and performance improvements from step-changes in system complexity and design, allowing down selection of candidate architectures. Optimized designs for each test case were then selected based on practical efficiency limits within the remaining candidate architectures and compared to the relevant baseline steam plant. sCO2 cycle flowsheets are presented for each optimized design.
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Untaroiu, Alexandrina, Neal Morgan, Vahe Hayrapetian, and Bruno Schiavello. "Dynamic Response Analysis of Balance Drum Labyrinth Seal Groove Geometries Optimized for Minimum Leakage." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-33423.
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Annular labyrinth seals often have a destabilizing effect on pump rotordynamics due to the large cross-coupled forces generated when the fluid is squeezed by an oscillating rotor. In this study several novel groove geometries are investigated for their effect on the rotordynamic coefficients of the labyrinth seal. The groove cavity geometry of a baseline 267 mm balance drum labyrinth seal with a clearance of 0.305 mm and 20 equally spaced groove cavities were optimized for minimum leakage. From the pool of possible groove designs analyzed, nine test cases were selected for maximum or minimum leakage and for a variety of groove cavity shapes. The rotordynamic coefficients were calculated for these cases using a hybrid CFD-bulk flow method. The rotordynamic coefficients obtained by this method were then used with a rotordynamic model of the entire pump to determine the overall stability. Results show that labyrinth seal’s groove shape can be optimized to generate lower leakage rates, while the effects on dynamic properties are only minimally changed. If the seal dynamic response needs to be modified in addition to targeting a lower leakage rate, for instance to exhibit increased damping values, then the leakage rate and the damping coefficient need to be set as objective functions in the optimization loop.
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Mansour, Alaa M., Brian J. Gordon, Qi Ling, and Qiang Shen. "TLP Survivability Against Progressive Failure of Tendon and Foundation Systems in Offshore Western Australian Harsh Environment." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11468.
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In this paper the design robustness of Tension Leg Platform (TLP) tendon and tendon foundation systems of a TLP that is located in offshore Western Australia is investigated. A case study of a TLP that is self-stable (without tendons) has been considered. The study involves the numerical simulation of progressive failure of tendons in cyclonic events. The TLP response during the transition from a restrained TLP with all tendons to the free-floating condition has been numerically simulated. The numerical results from this simulation have been verified against physical model test measurements. The numerical simulation is repeated for a TLP with an optimized hull design that does not maintain stability when all tendons fail. Cost versus benefit in these two cases is quantified and compared. The progressive failure of the TLP Gravity Base Foundation (GBF) system has also been investigated in this paper. One of the potential failure modes for this type of foundation is the loss of suction underneath the foundation. Increasing the amount of solid ballast in the GBF increases the net downward load on the soil and reduces the reliance on the soil suction. Numerical simulations of the progressive loss of suction are performed for two cases; 1) slightly over designed foundation to include extra ballast and 2) optimized foundation design that is highly rely on the soil suction. Again, cost versus benefit in these two cases is presented. The paper provides clear insights supported by calculations and model tests for proposed design robustness that could be built in a TLP design at a relatively small additional cost to address uncertainties associated with designing TLP in offshore Western Australian harsh environment region.
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Sandeep, Mahendran Manoharan, Vinayender Kuchana, and Jong Liu. "Numerical Prediction of Surface Roughness Effect on the Performance of Internal Channels." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82914.
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Abstract Additive Manufacturing (AM) in turbine technology enables the manufacture of complex and detailed shapes such as optimized cooling channel designs. However, the AM components are usually produced with high surface roughness. The ability to predict the pressure loss and heat transfer during the AM components’ design phase gives the designer an extra edge to arrive at a better design. In this paper, numerical prediction for the effect of roughness on pressure loss (friction factor) and heat transfer (Nusselt number) for flow in the internal channel is discussed. Numerical simulations were performed using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool by ‘Siemens Star-CCM+’. Initially, the best practices for the CFD process were arrived at by comparing the CFD results with the theoretical correlations for a fully developed channel flow. Further, these best practices were invoked to validate the two test cases from the open literature. From the first test case, three test coupons with the lowest, intermediate, and the highest level of roughness were selected for the validation. From the second test case, in-line and stagger configurations were selected for validation. To reduce the simulation time, modeling the full channel domain as a single channel was explored. The single-channel results were found to be matching well with the full channel results at the two Reynold’s numbers simulated. For all the cases, the friction factor predictions are close to the theoretical and test data, whereas the Nusselt number predictions show a consistent trend with the theoretical data but over-predicts when compared to the test data.
Reports on the topic "OPTIMIZED TEST CASES"
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Al-Qadi, Imad, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Zehui Zhu, Izak Said, Greg Renshaw, Hasan Ozer, and Ramadan Salim. Optimized Hot-Mix Asphalt Lift Configuration for Performance. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-006.
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Researchers conducted eight large-scale laboratory tests to assess the combined impact of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlay mix and thickness on its performance to control reflective cracking. Bonding efficiency, flexibility, and stiffness of the HMA mix as well as overlay thickness significantly affect an overlay’s performance against reflective cracking. Researchers developed a generalized 3D finite-element model to predict an overlay’s reflective cracking potential and generated a database of 128 cases. They also developed a data-driven surrogate model to predict reflective cracking potential that engineers can easily use. Life-cycle cost analysis of overlay alternatives was performed using Illinois Department of Transportation’s unit prices from contracts between 2018 and 2019. The researchers identified optimal overlay configurations to control reflective cracking. An overlay composed of a 1.5 in (38.1 mm) SMA-9.5 or 1.25 in (31.8 mm) IL-9.5FG surface course and a 0.75 in (19.1 mm) IL-4.75 binder course had the lowest annual cost per mile among non-interstate projects. For interstate projects, an overlay composed of a 2 in (50.8 mm) SMA-12.5 surface course and a 2.25 in (57.2 mm) IL-19.0 binder course was the most cost-effective. The study concluded that to control reflective cracking and to reduce life-cycle cost, an overlay composed of an SMA-9.5 surface course and an IL-4.75 binder course is recommended for non-interstate projects. An IL-9.5FG surface course and an IL-4.75 binder course are suggested for low-volume and low-speed roads. For interstate projects, an overlay comprised of an SMA-12.5 surface course and an IL-19.0 binder course is recommended. A data-driven surrogate model may be used to design overlay thicknesses.
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Quintana and Gianetto. L52343 Background of All-Weld Metal Tensile Test Protocol Procedures for High Strength Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010444.
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This work was undertaken for the purpose of improving the reliability of strength measurements for the specific case of narrow gap pipe girth welds. The investigation was part of a major consolidated program of research sponsored by DOT-PHMSA and PRCI to advance weld design, establish weld testing procedures and assessment methodologies, and develop optimized welding solutions for joining high strength steel pipe. Development of an all-weld metal tensile test protocol for high strength steel pipe applications. The focus is on test method evolution as researchers sought improvements in measurement consistency. With these improvements came a broader understanding of the stress-strain behavior of high strength weld metal and some of the factors that influence tensile results. The results show that traditional methods of measurement can become inadequate as materials and methods of fabrication change. In this case, continuing to downsize tensile specimens for measurement of weld metal properties without establishing a context for those measurements can easily lead to errors in assessing the suitability of welding materials and welding procedures for the intended applications.
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Melanie, Haupt, and Hellweg Stefanie. Synthesis of the NRP 70 joint project “Waste management to support the energy turnaround (wastEturn)”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2020.2.en.
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A great deal of energy can be sourced both directly and indirectly from waste. For example, municipal waste with an energy content of around 60 petajoules is incinerated in Switzerland every year. The energy recovered directly from this waste covers around 4 % of the Swiss energy demand. However, the greatest potential offered by waste management lies in the recovery of secondary raw materials during the recycling process, thus indirectly avoiding the energy-intensive production of primary raw materials. In order to optimise the contribution to the energy turnaround made by waste management, as a first step, improvements need to be made with respect to the transparent documentation of material and cash flows, in particular. On the basis of this, prioritisation according to the energy efficiency of various recycling and disposal channels is required. Paper and cardboard as well as plastic have been identified as the waste fractions with the greatest potential for improvement. In the case of paper and cardboard, the large quantities involved result in considerable impact. With the exception of PET drinks bottles, plastic waste is often not separately collected and therefore offers substantial improvement potential. Significant optimisation potential has also been identified with regard to the energy efficiency of incineration plants. To allow municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants to use the heat they generate more effectively, however, consumers of the recovered steam and heat need to be located close by. A decisive success factor when transitioning towards an energy-efficient waste management system will be the cooperation between the many stakeholders of the federally organised sector. On the one hand, the sector needs to be increasingly organised along the value chains. On the other hand, however, there is also a need to utilise the freedom that comes with federal diversity in order to test different solutions.
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Wolfenson, David, William W. Thatcher, and James E. Kinder. Regulation of LH Secretion in the Periovulatory Period as a Strategy to Enhance Ovarian Function and Fertility in Dairy and Beef Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586458.bard.
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The general research objective was to increase herd pregnancy rates by enhancing corpus luteum (CL) function and optimizing follicle development, in order to increase conception rate and embryo survival. The specific objectives were: to determine the effect of the duration of the preovulatory LH surge on CL function; to determine the function of LH during the postovulatory period on CL development; to optimize CL differentiation and follicle development by means of a biodegradable GnRH implant; to test whether optimization of CL development and follicle dynamics in timed- insemination protocols would improve fertility in high-yielding dairy cows. Low fertility in cattle results in losses of hundreds of millions of dollars in the USA and Israel. Two major causes of low fertility are formation of a functionally impaired CL, and subsequent enhanced ovarian follicle development. A functionally impaired CL may result from suboptimal LH secretion. The two major causes of low fertility in dairy cattle in US and Israel are negative energy status and summer heat stress; in both situations, low fertility is associated with reductions in LH secretion and impaired development of the ovulatory follicle and of the CL. In Florida, the use of 450-mg deslorelin (GnRH analogue) implants to induce ovulation, under the Ovsynch protocol resulted in a higher pregnancy rates than use of 750-mg implants, and pregnancy losses tended to decrease compared to controls, due probably to decrease in follicular development and estradiol secretion at the time of conceptus signaling to maintain the CL. An alternative strategy to enhance progesterone concentrations involved induction of an accessory CL by injection of hCG on day 5 after the cows were inseminated. Treatment with hCG resulted in 86% of the cows having two CLs, compared with 23% of the control cows. Conception rates were higher among the hCG-treated cows than among the controls. Another approach was to replace the second injection of GnRH analogue, in a timed-insemination protocol, with estradiol cypionate (ECP) injected 24 h after the injection of PGF₂ₐ Pregnancy rates were comparable with those obtained under the regular Ovsynch (timed- AI) program. Use of ECP induced estrus, and cows inseminated at detected estrus are indeed more fertile than those not in estrus at the time of insemination. Collectively, the BARD-supported programs at the University of Florida have improved timed insemination programs. In Ohio, the importance of the frequency of LH episodes during the early stages of the estrous cycle of cattle, when the corpus luteum is developing, was studied in an in vivo experiment in which cows were subjected to various episodic exposures to exogenous bovine LH. Results indicate that the frequent LH episodes immediately following the time of ovulation are important in development of the corpus luteum, from the points of view of both size and functionality. In another study, rates of cell proliferation and numbers of endothelial cells were examined in vitro in CLs collected from cows that received post-ovulation pulsatile LH treatment at various frequencies. The results indicate that the corpora lutea growth that results from luteal cell proliferation is enhanced by the episodes of LH release that occur immediately after the time of ovulation in cattle. The results also show that luteal endothelial cell numbers did not differ among cows treated with different LH doses. In Israel. a longer duration of the preovulatory LH surge stimulated the steroidogenic capacity of granulosa-derived luteal cells, and might, thereby, contribute to a higher progesterone output from the bovine corpus luteum. In an in vivo study, a subgroup of high-yielding dairy cows with extended estrus to ovulation interval was identified. Associated with this extended interval were: low plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations and a low preovulatory LH surge prior to ovulation, as well as low post- ovulation progesterone concentration. In experiments based on the above results, we found that injection of GnRH at the onset of estrus increased the LHpeak, prevented late ovulation, decreased the variability between cows and elicited high and uniform progesterone levels after ovulation. GnRH at estrus onset increased conception rates, especially in the summer, and among primiparous cows and those with low body condition. Another study compared ovarian functions in multiparous lactating cows with those in nulliparous non-lactating heifers. The results revealed differences in ovarian follicular dynamics, and in plasma concentrations of steroids and gonadotropins that may account for the differences in fertility between heifers and cows.