Academic literature on the topic 'Optimized guar gum solution preparation'

Biscuits are widely consumed bakery products around the globe. Its excess consumption has led to many health problems such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Although sugar replacement may be a step in solving most health-related issues, the complication is in its formulation. It is tedious to replace sugar and prepare biscuits with quality attributes, including aeration, texture, and mouthfeel. The present study aimed to formulate composite flour-based sugar-free biscuits. A composite flour, millet-legumebased mixture, was used for biscuit preparation. The central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM) (Design Expert 11 version) was used to analyse the effect of eliminating sugar using polydextrose (A) (10-15%) and guar-gum (B) (0-1.5%) at different levels on physical (thickness and spread ratio) and textural (hardness and fracturability) attributes. The optimized biscuit was prepared, and the precision of the optimized biscuit was determined using a one-sample T-test in SPSS Statistics version 22. The optimization with the design expert resulted in the best solution, i.e., polydextrose (12.488%) and guar-gum (0.921%) with the highest desirability value of 0.993. The ANOVA, R2 , and R2 adjusted values for thickness, spread ratio, hardness and fracturability showed that the formulated sugar-free biscuits were statistically significant. Sugar elimination from the control biscuits noticeably affects its physical and textural attributes. Biscuits prepared were of lesser diameter, spread ratio, comparable hardness and fracturability than control biscuits, mainly due to the composite flour used in the formulation of experimental biscuits. The protein present in the flour restricts the spread of sugar-free biscuits because of its higher binding capacity. However, the addition of polydextrose and guar-gum resulted in the preparation of accepted quality sugar-free biscuits. To conclude, the proposed sugar-free biscuits may be a solution to the presen

The modified guar gum was synthesized with guar gum as material and bromododecane as etherifying agent by suspension polymerization method. The solution and gel of the modified guar gum were also prepared. The structure and the property of the modified guar gum were analysized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The heat resistance and the viscoelasticity modulus of the gel were also researched by rheometer. The results of FT-IR and XRD show that the hydrophobic long chain has been introduced into the guar gum successfully. TGA indicates that the modified guar gum has higher thermal stability. The rheology tests reflect that with different temperature conditions, the shear viscosity, the viscoelasticity modulus of the gel and the heat resistance of the modified guar gum are both better than that of the unmodified guar gum. The modified guar gum can be used as thickener of fracturing fluid, and it can reduce its amount.

Guar gum was subjected to degradation in high concentration aqueous solution by enzymatic treating to obtain high concentration low molecular weight guar gum for fracturing. The study indicates that the high concentration guar gum aqueous solution can be degraded effectively by enzymatic treating. The enzymatic treating conditions were investigated and the optical enzymatic treating pH, temperature and enzyme add amount are respectively 6, 50°C and 0.1g/L, and various of low molecular weight guar gum with different molecular weight can be obtained by controlling the enzymatic treating time.

Guar gum grafted sodium polyacrylate have been prepared via aqueous solution graft polymerization. Furthermore, the polymers were then surface-crosslinked using trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMPTGE) to improve the properties of swollen hydrogel. Polymerization conditions were systematically optimized to achieve the optimum swelling capacity. FTIR and DSC spectra confirmed that sodium acrylate had been grafted onto guar gum chains. SEM observations showed morphology of the samples. The results confirmed that introducing guar gum into the superabsorbent could improve the swollen hydrogel mechanics performance, including hydrogel strength, resilience and dispersion, although making the water absorbency decreasing slightly. The good mechanics performance will make it feasible in hygiene application.

This work is intended to seek for an efficient Fe-based Fenton reagent for clean oxidation of waste fracturing fluid containing hydroxypropyl guar gum (HGG) and other polymers in wide pH range. A series of complex was prepared with transition metal and ethylenediamine (L) by the coordination. The catalytic performance of the complexes were evaluated in the degradation of HGG, and the reaction conditions were optimized. The kinetics of HGG degradation was evaluated by means of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the viscosity. The results show that Fe(II)L exhibits high catalytic performance for the degradation of hydroxypropyl guar gum in a wide pH range of 7.0–11.0, the COD removal can reach to 86.4%. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the relative viscosity of hydroxypropyl guar gum solution can be reduced effectively to 7.99 from 247 with 10.0% H2O2 in presence of 5.0% Fe(II)L. Besides, under the optimized condition, three typical polymers used in oilfield can be degradated effectively.

The dosage forms that stay in the stomach for longer period of time are much more effective to treat any disease. Thus, most approachable and feasible way is to prolong the drug delivery and controlling gastric residence time (GRT) and such kind of dosage forms are known as gastro retentive dosage forms (GRDF). The present study is focused to develop GRDF of Zanamivir. About four formulations of Zanamivir tablets were prepared with different ratios of drug and polymers. The prepared tablets were further evaluated on the basis of precompression and post-compression parameters. The dissolution study of the formulations revealed that formulation F3 using polymer (guar gum) showed 93.4% of in vitro drug release for 8 hours and is the optimized formulation. It was thus concluded that guar gum complies all the properties of floating tablets. Keywords: Zanamivir, Dissolution, Gastro retentive drug delivery system, First pass elimination, Influenza, Prophylaxis

S-triazine di-sulfanilic guar gum (TSG) was successfully prepared by monochlorotriazine di-sulfanilic (TS) and guar gum (GG) in order to improve the printing properties in reactive printing. The results showed that the optimized synthesis condition of TSG was at sodium carbonate solution 1.2 g/L at 90℃ for 75 min through the single-factor experiment. Compared to GG, TSG had better flowability, mainly viscous effects and higher viscosity recoverability, which was more appropriate as a thickener in reactive printing. In the cotton printing experiment, TSG had higher paste add-on, color yield, penetration and levelness than GG. Furthermore, the printing effects of TSG on cotton drew near to those of sodium alginate, which could obtain evenly colored large patterns and excellent outline sharpness.

Biomaterial-based nanocomposites have been increased in demand in industries for a purpose of packaging and sensing because of their low cost and environmentally friendly nature. But less work has been done on conductive, biodegradable film preparations. This article is devoted to the preparation of Polyaniline/ Carboxymethyl guar gum nanocomposites film and their applications. Controlled synthesis of polyaniline in the presence of carboxymethyl guar gum solution has been carried out for the synthesis of these nanocomposites. Then nanocomposite films have been obtained by solution casting method in one step. The object of this research work was to prepare a conductive, biodegradable, flexible film. Such made nanocomposites film has been further tested for FTIR, SEM, UTM, Conductivity, Swelling behavior and biodegradability. The results have been concluded that by this method a fine flexible, conductive, biodegradable film may be prepared that can be applied in different fields for further study.

The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the entrapment efficiency of the anti-HIV drug, zidovudine, using natural gums and study the zidovudine release. Zidovudine-loaded microspheres were prepared by external ionotropic gelation technique. Sodium alginate in combination with guar gum or xanthan gums in different ratios were used. The microspheres of different core: coat ratios were formulated and evaluated for entrapment efficiency, particle size, percentage yield, swelling index, in vitro drug release and kinetic studies. Drug polymer compatibility studies were performed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The formulation was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron Microscope (SEM). The zidovudine loaded microspheres have a particle diameter ranging approximately 450-779 μm. The FTIR showed compatibility between drug and excipients. Processing parameters (stirring speed, concentration of cross linking agent, volume of the processing medium on drug entrapment efficiency were optimized. F20 (1 g of sodium alginate and 0.150 g of guar gum) and F13 (1 g of sodium alginate, 0.250 g of xanthan gum) formulations showed better release (ANOVA, ˂0.05) profiles over a period of 12 h. Natural gums are biodegradable, safe, non-toxic and are used as release retardants and these can be extended to prepare microspheres of other drugs.

The coating stability of ketoprofen by chitosan-guar gum gel has been studied. Into 228.6 mL of 1.75% (w/v) chitosan solution in 1% (v/v) acetic acid, 38.1 mL of guar gum (gg) solution was added with concentration variation of 0.35, 0.55, and 0.75% (w/v) for ketoprofen microcapsules, and stirred with magnetic stirrer until homogenous. Afterwards, 7.62 mL of glutaraldehyde (glu) was added slowly under stirring, with concentrations varied: 3, 3.5, and 4% (v/v). All mixtures were shaked for 20 min for homogenization. Into each microcapsule mixture for ketoprofen, a solution of 2 g of ketoprofen in 250 mL of 96% ethanol was added. Every mixture was then added with 5 mL of 2% Tween-80 and stirred with magnetic stirrer for an hour at room temperature. Conversion of suspension into fine powders/granules (microcapsules) was done by using spray dryer. Every microcapsule formula was packed into capsules, as much as 100 g per capsule. The capsules were contained in 100-mL dark bottles and the bottles were kept in climatic chamber at (40 ± 2) °C and RH (75 ± 5) % for 3 months. The microcapsule stabilities were tested chemically and physically. The result showed that formulation of ketoprofen preparation composed of 1.75% (w/v) chitosan, 0.35% (w/v) gg, and 3.50% (v/v) glu, was relatively the best, with ketoprofen percentage left in microcapsule after 3 months, degradation rate constant, and shelf life of 80.33%, 0.0351 % week-1, and 18.92 months, respectively. Reaction kinetic model for this formula followed Prout-Tompkins equation and the degradation of ketoprofen was seem to follow autocatalytic reaction mechanism controlled by the formation and growth of reaction core. Keywords: Ketoprofen, chitosan-guar gum gel

Contaminated sites managements represents in Europe one of the most serious issues. Recent data of the European Environmental Agency (EEA) shows how soil contamination due to industry, garbage warehousing, mining and hydrocarbons tanks leakage represents one of the most important threats to the environment [1]. The large volume of waste and the intense use of chemicals during past decades have resulted in numerous contaminated sites across Europe. Contaminated sites could pose significant environmental hazards for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems as they are important sources of pollution which may result in eco toxicological effects [2]. Emissions of hazardous substances from local sources could deteriorate soil and groundwater quality. Soil contamination is mainly located close to waste land-fills, industrial/commercial activities diffusing heavy metals, oil industry, military camps, and nuclear power plants. The objective of relevant EU policies is to achieve a quality of the environment applying successful technologies. To this purpose, in the last decade EU have been financed numbers of international, multi-partner EU projects; among them, the large scale research project AQUAREHAB (FP7 ENV 2008.3.1.1.1.) , coordinated by VITO (Belgium) and involving 19 partners, started in May 2009 and lasted 56 months, until 2013. It aimed at developing innovative rehabilitation technologies for soils, groundwater and surface waters contaminated by a wide range of priority contaminants (nitrates, pesticides, chlorinated compounds, aromatic compound, mixed pollutions, ecc.). These technologies have been developed within 5 operative work packages (WP1-5) and the guidelines and approaches developed have been extrapolated and applied, in WP8, to real polluted sites. The work herein presented is included in the context of WP5 and WP8 of the AQUAREHAB EU project, in which the group of Groundwater Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Turin is involved; its goal is to develop and apply at the real scale an effective and costeffective in-situ rehabilitation technology based on the injection of micro-sized (100 nm-100 µm) zerovalent iron (MZVI) particles directly into a contaminated aquifer in order to create a reactive zone which is able to treat both the plumeand the source of contamination. Injectable MZVI particles are selected because they can overcome the major hindering factors of the widely accepted ZVI based permeable reactive barriers (PRB) (impossibility to treat the source of contamination and considerable excavation costs), due their high reactivity against a wide range of contaminants thanks to their high specific surface area and to lower costs, longer lifetime and easier handling in respect with nano-sized ZVI (NZVI) particles. Nevertheless MZVI particles disperse in water are prone to gravitational instability and, as a consequence, the resulting mobility is limited [3, 4]. To solve this problem, the use of a stabilizing agent able to modify suspending fluid properties is required. In the recent year the use of biopolymer demonstrated to be successful [5, 6] although a full comprehension of interaction mechanisms with the porous media and a complete system characterization is still missing. In this work, in order to meet AQUAREHAB project requirements and to overcome technology limitations, the use of MZVI suspended in a thickening polymer solution of guar gum hydrocolloid is considered.

Abstract For major high temperature and deep reservoir in West China, hydraulic stimulation confronts challenges of true vertical depth more than 6000 m and bottom hole temperature beyond 150°C. The long injection path from surface to stimulated formation induces significant friction. It commonly leads to very high ground pressure, which will exceed the limit of ground pumping equipment. In addition, conventional fracture fluid systems lost their fracturing ability and sand carrying capacity under high temperature. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a novel fracture fluid system with adjustable specific gravity and high temperature resistance for high temperature deep reservoir fracturing. In this article, the basic properties of guar gum were determined at first, and a high temperature and salt resistant organic boron crosslinking agent was synthesized. The optimal dosage and the optimal crosslinking pH, and the delayed time for crosslinking was studied. Then, the relationship between fluid density and weighting agent dosage is measured, which will facilitate the fracturing fluid density adjustment in the field. Three specific gravity formulas of fracturing fluid, that is 1.10, 1.15 and 1.20g/cm3, is optimized. Finally, the performance of fracturing fluid was evaluated comprehensively, and its gel-breaking and formation damage performance were tested. The apparent viscosity of 0.5wt% guar gum solution was 57.2mPa · s at room temperature (25 °C), and 29.1mPa · s at 150 °C. The synthesized high-temperature boron crosslinking agent YP-4 is colorless, transparent, and miscible with water. The optimal crosslinking concentration is 0.65wt%. The crosslinking occurred in the range of pH = 9∼12. The crosslinking time can be controlled within 3∼10min by adjusting the dosage and pH value. NaCl weighting fluid formulas with a density of 1.0∼1.2g/cm3 was optimized. The optimal fracturing fluid formulation was 0%∼26.4wt% NaCl brine +0.5wt% hydroxypropyl guar gum +0.3wt% alkaline pH regulator +0.65wt% crosslinking agent YP-4. This fracturing fluid can stable for more than 60min at 150 °C and 170s−1, and the final viscosity was high than 100 mPa·s. If the guar gum concentration was increased to 0.55wt%, the viscosity would exceed 260 mPa·s. 0.2wt% amine persulfate can be used to break the fracturing fluid, and the viscosity after breaking is less than 4mPa·s. What’s more, the fracturing fluid has good compatibility with various additives, and no flocculation or precipitation occurs within 24h. The average damage of gel breaking liquid to the core is 24.81%, which is relatively small. High temperature resistance and adjustable weight density have great advantages in field applications. Equipment constraints can be met while fracturing can be performed at minimal cost. This fluid system will provide beneficial support for high temperature and deep well fracturing.