Relevant bibliographies by topics / Optimization of biomass formation

Academic literature on the topic 'Optimization of biomass formation'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Optimization of biomass formation"

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Radhakumari, M., Andy Ball, Suresh K. Bhargava, and B. Satyavathi. "Optimization of glucose formation in karanja biomass hydrolysis using Taguchi robust method." Bioresource Technology 166 (August 2014): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.065.

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Safavi, Aysan, Christiaan Richter, and Runar Unnthorsson. "Dioxin Formation in Biomass Gasification: A Review." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030700.

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The amount of PCDD/F emissions produced by gasification operations is often within standard limits set by national and international laws (<0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3). However, a recent assessment of the literature indicates that gasification cannot always reduce PCDD/Fs emissions to acceptable levels, and thus a common belief on the replacement of incineration with gasification in order to reduce PCDD/Fs emissions seems overly simplistic. A review that summarizes the evidence on when gasification would likely result in environmentally benign emissions with PCDD/F below legal limits, and when not, would be of scientific and practical interest. Moreover, there are no reviews on dioxin formation in gasification. This review discusses the available data on the levels of dioxins formed by gasifying different waste streams, such as municipal solid wastes, plastics, wood waste, animal manure, and sewage sludge, from the existing experimental work. The PCDD/Fs formation in gasification and the operational parameters that can be controlled during the process to minimize PCDD/Fs formation are reviewed.
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Sátiro, Josivaldo, André Cunha, Ana P. Gomes, Rogério Simões, and Antonio Albuquerque. "Optimization of Microalgae–Bacteria Consortium in the Treatment of Paper Pulp Wastewater." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 5799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12125799.

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The microalgae–bacteria consortium is a promising and sustainable alternative for industrial wastewater treatment, since it may allow good removal of organic matter and nutrients, as well as the possibility of producing products with added value from the algae biomass. This research investigated the best bacterial and microalgae inoculation ratio for system start-up and evaluation of removing organic matter (as chemical oxygen demand (COD)), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+–N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2−–N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−–N), phosphate phosphorus (PO43−–P) and biomass formation parameters in six photobioreactors with a total volume of 1000 mL. Reactors were operated for 14 days with the following ratios of pulp mill biomass aerobic (BA) and Scenedesmus sp. microalgae (MA): 0:1 (PBR1), 1:0 (PBR2), 1:1 (PBR3), 3:1 (PBR4), 5:1 (PBR5), and 1:3 (PBR6). Results show that COD removal was observed in just two days of operation in PBR4, PBR5, and PBR6, whereas for the other reactors (with a lower rate of initial inoculation) it took five days. The PBR5 and PBR6 performed better in terms of NH4+–N removal, with 86.81% and 77.11%, respectively, which can be attributed to assimilation by microalgae and nitrification by bacteria. PBR6, with the highest concentration of microalgae, had the higher PO43−–P removal (86%), showing the advantage of algae in consortium with bacteria for phosphorus uptake. PBR4 and PBR5, with the highest BA, led to a better biomass production and sedimentability on the second day of operation, with flocculation efficiencies values over 90%. Regarding the formation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), protein production was substantially higher in PBR4 and PBR5, with more BA, with average concentrations of 49.90 mg/L and 49.05 mg/L, respectively. The presence of cyanobacteria and Chlorophyceae was identified in all reactors except PBR1 (only MA), which may indicate a good formation and structuring of the microalgae–bacteria consortium. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that filamentous microalgae were employed as a foundation for the fixation of bacteria and other algae colonies.
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Braunegg, G., G. Lefebvre, G. Renner, A. Zeiser, G. Haage, and K. Loidl-Lanthaler. "Kinetics as a tool for polyhydroxyalkanoate production optimization." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 13 (December 15, 1995): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-192.

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The increasing commercial importance of polyhydroxyalkanoates calls for the development of new, more efficient production processes. This can only be achieved by considering the kinetics of polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulation in fermentors, but efforts in this area have been few. In a 10-L fed-batch fermentor, Alcaligenes eutrophus G+3was used to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB-co-4HB)) from glucose and γ-butyrolactone, and a strain of Alcaligenes latus was used to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) from glucose and propionate. After 83 h of fermentation, 9.26 g∙L−1of A. eutrophus contained 77.8% in mass of a copolymer with 7.9 mol% 4HB. The observed maximum specific growth rate (μmax) was 0.19 h−1for the residual biomass. Alcaligenes latus grew at an observed residual-biomass μmaxof 0.41 h−1and after 33.75 h had produced 6.6 g∙L−1of dry biomass with 72% of a copolymer with 28 mol% 3-hydroxyvalerate. Yields and specific substrate consumption and product formation rates were calculated. Examination of these results and of data found in the literature led to the proposition that for certain polyhydroxyalkanoate production processes, a multi-stage system consisting of a continuous stirred-tank fermentor in series with a plug-flow tubular reactor would be the most productive solution.Key words: polyhydroxyalkanoate, Alcaligenes latus, Alcaligenes eutrophus, kinetics, optimization.
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Sajid, Muhammad, Apu Chowdhury, Ghulam Bary, Yin Guoliang, Riaz Ahmad, Ilyas Khan, Waqar Ahmed, Muhammad Farooq Saleem Khan, Aisha M. Alqahtani, and Md Nur Alam. "Conversion of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural: Mathematical Solution with Experimental Validation." Journal of Mathematics 2022 (April 29, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6989612.

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Conversion of fructose to furan aldehydes is a rapidly developing concept considering the emergent scenario of the replacement of fossil-derived components to biomass-derived green precursors. 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and levulinic acid (LA) are the two most important bio-precursors with expanded downstream utilization in modern industries. Their production from biomass-derived sugars is a complex reaction due to competitive side reactions with a variety of byproducts. Therefore, their simulated optimization is an important tool that can help for process optimization in an economical way. In this article, we have developed a mathematical solution for fructose conversion, HMF production, and levulinic acid (LA) formation in a reactive environment. The accuracy of the developed model is further verified through experiments and found satisfactory with high accuracy. Therefore, the developed model can be used to simulate the reaction environment and product optimization under a given set of conditions.
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Gundupalli Paulraj, Marttin, Malinee Sriariyanun, and Debraj Bhattacharyya. "Dilute inorganic acid pretreatment of mixed residues of Cocos nucifera (coconut) for recovery of reducing sugar: optimization studies." E3S Web of Conferences 355 (2022): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235501004.

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Inorganic acids, such as sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid are widely used for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy production. In this study, the effect of different acids on the recovery of reducing sugar from coconut residues (coir and pith) mixed in different ratios was studied. The pretreatment conditions for different acids were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The independent variables, such as biomass ratio, time and acid concentration were considered for the optimization studies with reducing sugar as the dependent variable. The maximum recovery of reducing sugar (45%) from mixed biomass was observed during nitric acid (NA) pretreatment. The recovery of reducing sugar was lower for hydrochloric acid (HA) and sulphuric acid (SA). The lower yield was attributed to the possible formation of sugar degradation compounds during acid pretreatment. Therefore, NA pretreatment was found suitable for mixed biomass compared to other acids. Further studies are required to understand the effect of NA pretreatment through a detailed study of liquid hydrolysate and the introduction of the saccharification process. Mixed biomass benefits the biorefinery industries for sustainable bioenergy production.
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Ng, Wenfa. "High Cell Density Cultivation of Escherichia coli DH5α in Shake Flasks with a New Formulated Medium." Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 2, no. 10 (November 25, 2021): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/065.

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High cell density cultivation necessitates cell division and biomass formation, the mechanisms of which remain poorly understood, especially from the cellular energetics perspective. Specifically, the sensing of energy abundance and the channelling of nutritional energy into biomass formation and cell maintenance remains enigmatic at the sensory, effector and decision levels. Thus, optimization of cell growth remains an iterative trial and error process where the principal parameters are growth medium composition and incubation temperature. In this study, a new semidefined formulated medium was shown to be useful for high cell density cultivation of Escherichia coli DH5α (ATCC 53868). Comprising K2HPO4, 12.54; KH2PO4, 2.31; D-Glucose, 4.0; NH4Cl, 1.0; Yeast extract, 12.0; NaCl, 5.0; MgSO4, 0.24; the medium possessed a high capacity phosphate buffer able to moderate pH fluctuations during cell growth known to be detrimental to biomass formation. With glucose and NH4Cl providing the nutrients for initial growth, followed by a lag phase of 3 hours, a maximal optical density of 12.0 was obtained after 27 hours of cultivation at 37 oC and 230 rpm. Yeast extract provides a secondary source of carbon and nitrogen. Maximal optical density obtained in formulated medium was higher than the 10.1, 4.2, and 3.4 obtained in Tryptic Soy Broth, M9 with 1 g/L of yeast extract, and LB Lennox, respectively. Cultivation of E. coli DH5α in formulated medium with 6 g/L of glucose resulted in a longer lag phase of 8 hours and a longer time (68 hours) to attainment of maximal optical density, which marked the upper limit of glucose concentration beyond which biomass formation would be reduced. Specifically, glucose concentration above 6 g/L markedly reduced biomass formation possibly due to the environmental stress arising from low pH in the culture broth. Glucose concentration below 4 g/L, on the other hand, reduced biomass formation through a smaller pool of nutrients serving as biomass building blocks. Deviation from 1:1 molar ratio between glucose and NH4Cl was not detrimental to biomass formation and growth rates. Collectively, a semi-defined formulated medium could increase optical density of E. coli DH5α beyond that of LB Lennox and Tryptic Soy Broth, and may find use in cultivation of cells for applied microbiology research.
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Banihashemi, Bahman, Robert Delatolla, Susan Springthorpe, Erin Gorman, Andy Campbell, Onita D. Basu, and Ian P. Douglas. "Biofiltration optimization: phosphorus supplementation effects on disinfection byproduct formation potential." Water Quality Research Journal 52, no. 4 (September 22, 2017): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2017.012.

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Abstract This study investigates the effects of phosphorus supplementation on the formation potential of total trihalomethanes (TTHMfp) and five species of haloacetic acids (HAA5fp) during exposure to clearwell disinfection contact times. In addition, the study investigates the effects of phosphorus supplementation on the dissolved oxygen, organic carbon and nitrogen removal along with biofilm coverage of the filter media and biomass viability of the attached biofilm. The uptake of total phosphorus in the P enhanced filter did not correspond to the consumption of readily assimilated nitrogen or the consumption of soluble carbon. As such, the dissolved organic carbon reduction in the biologically active filters was shown to not be phosphorus nutrient limited. The clearwell TTHMfp was shown to be reduced in all filters across all measured biological filtration times in the control and P enhanced filters. The HAA5fp increased with phosphorus-supplemented operation at specific filtration cycle times as compared to non-phosphorus-supplemented operation, indicating the potential for production of HAA5 with phosphorus supplementation. Enhanced biofilm coverage of the anthracite and sand media was observed during phosphorus supplementation. In addition, increased viability of the cells embedded in the biofilm was observed in the sand media at depth during phosphorus-supplemented operation.
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Wu, Duoli, Ziyi Yuan, Su Liu, Jiayin Zheng, Xinlong Wei, and Chao Zhang. "Recent Development of Corrosion Factors and Coating Applications in Biomass Firing Plants." Coatings 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10101001.

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Due to global warming, biomass fuels are gradually being used to replace fossil fuels. However, high-temperature biomass corrosion is a crucial issue affecting its future application. In this article, different factors affecting boiler performance are summarized from various studies to guide the optimization of boiler parameters in practical applications, such as corrosive components and boiler temperatures. Meanwhile, different coating formation methods and materials are summarized to provide better protection strategies. The potential coating materials for future research are also discussed. The addition of other elements, such as Ti, Mo, and W, has the potential to accelerate the formation of oxide layers during high-temperature corrosion and directly slow down the corrosion rate. Future studies should focus on these elements containing materials.
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Wang, Heng, Shukun Cao, Xiangwen Song, Hao Shen, Yi Cui, Zijian Cao, and shuqiang Xu. "Study on optimization experiment and characteristic test of biomass granule forming machine." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817502025.

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According to the biomass pellet fuel forming machine, problems such as high energy consumption, easy clogging, and low efficiency exist in the granulation process. In this paper, corn and wheat stalks are used as raw materials to study the effects of the size of the raw materials and the moisture content on the formation rate, particle average length, particle density, mechanical durability, and heating value of the particulate fuel. The influence of parameters such as spindle speed and die diameter on the productivity, molding rate, mechanical durability, and particle density of the molding machine was investigated. Compressor and ANSYS were used to study the compression characteristics and flow characteristics of corn stalk, and the characteristics of the pellets were determined. The results showed that the corn stalk with a grain size of 4 mm with a moisture content of 14% and wheat straw with a grain size of 4 mm with a moisture content of 15% had high molding rate, good particle density, and good mechanical durability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Optimization of biomass formation"

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Shearer, Dustin. "Optimization of cellulosic biomass analysis." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16995.

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Master of Science
Department of Agricultural Economics
Jeffery Williams
Ethanol has become an important source of energy for transportation purposes in the U.S. The majority of the feedstock for this ethanol is corn grain. The use of crop residues and perennial grasses has been proposed as an alternative feedstock for ethanol production using cellulosic conversion processes. Commercial scale production of cellulosic ethanol is still on the horizon. In the meantime a wide variety of studies examining both the technical and economic feasibility of cellulosic ethanol production have been conducted. This is the first study that combines both county level cellulosic feedstock production and farmer participation rates to determine the feasibility of supplying it to cellulosic ethanol plants. This research determines the economic feasibility of supplying cellulosic feedstocks to seven potential add-on cellulosic ethanol plants of 25 million gallons per year at seven existing starch ethanol plants in Kansas. The feedstocks considered are corn stover, sorghum stalks, wheat straw, and perennial switchgrass. A mixed integer programing model determines the amount and mix of cellulosic feedstocks that can be delivered to these plants over a range of plant-gate feedstock prices given transportation costs and farm-gate production costs or breakeven prices. The variable costs of shipping are subtracted from the difference between plant-gate price and farm-gate price to find savings to the plant. The objective function of the model minimizes transportation costs which in turn maximizes savings to the plant. The role switchgrass may have as a feedstock given various switchgrass production subsidies is examined. The results indicate the minimum plant-gate price that must be paid to feedstock producers for all plants to have enough cellulosic feedstocks is $75 per dry ton. Switchgrass feedstocks were only a minor portion of biomass supplied and used without a production subsidy. A Biomass Crop Assistance Program payment increased the supply of switchgrass more than other production subsidies.
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Fitzpatrick, Emma Mary. "Biomass soot characterisation and formation mechanisms." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530835.

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Lim, Chun Hsion. "Biomass supply chain optimization : consideration of underutilised biomass via element targeting approach." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38870/.

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Achieving a sustainable process system is one of the main focuses in research and development throughout the world. Development in renewable resources is at the peak to replace and reduce the usage of fossil fuel in chemical and energy production. Bio-resources have shown great potential to accomplish a sustainable system, especially bio-waste which also known as biomass, to avoid interruption of food supplement within the supply chain network. However, worldwide implementation of biomass-based process technology is yet to be feasible due to high logistic cost, complexity of biomass properties, fluctuation of biomass availability, and relatively low conversion rate in biomass conversion technologies. Unique regional biomass system further creates research gaps as researches are conducted independently to only focus on specific biomass species available within the region. This raises issue of underutilisation of biomass where biomasses value are not used in the full potential, or ignorance of certain species of biomass (such as food waste, fruit shells and energy crop) in research development. This thesis specifically evaluated the current issues in biomass supply chain network management to enhance the feasibility of biomass industry implementation. The main objective of this thesis is to improve the biomass supply chain network management by integrating underutilised biomasses into existing biomass process plant (built) without major modification on the current process technologies such as equipment redesign or modifications. Underutilised biomasses are referring to those species that yet to have well-developed application (pilot plant scale) or potential biomasses that were ignored in a regional area due to issues such as low availability. This thesis discusses in detail on the relevant previous research works and supporting materials toward the introduction of novel philosophy, element targeting approach, which suggested selection of biomass feedstock via element characteristics instead of biomass species to consider underutilised biomasses into the system. Upon verification of the approach based on literature data and experimental work, element targeting approach is integrated into biomass supply chain optimisation model. The proposed mathematical models enable consideration of underutilised biomasses, and demonstration case studies results have shown promising improvement over the conventional approaches and its capability to handle fluctuation issues in biomass availability.
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Nazeri, Gelareh. "Formation of Sugars and Organic Acids from Hydrothermal Conversion of Biomass and Biomass-Derived Sugars." Thesis, Curtin University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89694.

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This study provides new insights into the formation mechanisms of various organic acids from hydrothermal decomposition of biomass under non-catalytic conditions. Firstly, the primary products from hydrothermal decomposition of mallee biomass and its main components are studied. Then, systematic research is undertaken to investigate the formation of various organic acids from hydrothermal decomposition of key intermediates including cellobiose, glucose, fructose and mannose. The reaction pathways of key organic acids from various sugar compounds are revealed.
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Stockenreiter, Maria. "Ecological optimization of biomass and lipid production by microalgae." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-148302.

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Say, Kevin. "Chemicals and Fuels from Biomass: Optimization of 2-Furaldehyde Production." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1447689678.

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Näzelius, Ida-Linn. "Slag formation in fixed bed combustion of phosphorus-poor biomass." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-60303.

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To handle a great demand for biomass, alternative biomasses beyond stem wood are being introduced into the solid fuel combustion market, fuels with generally higher (>0,5 wt-%) ash content and different fuel ash compositions compared to stem wood, such as forest residue, bark, grass and straw. Unfortunately, combustion of these alternative fuels often causes more ash related problems such as fouling, slagging and higher particle emissions compared to combustion of stem wood. Many research studies have been conducted regarding ash melting and ash sintering in biomass combustion. However, literature discussing slagging of biomass ash is rather scarce, especially relating to fixed bed combustion. The majority of the biomass fuels available on the market today are phosphorus-poor and this thesis emanates from those. The overall objective was to obtain knowledge of slag formation in fixed-bed combustion of phosphorus-poor biomass, based on bench- and full-scale experiments, chemical analysis of produced ash fractions, chemical equilibrium calculations, viscosity estimations and statistical evaluations.   This thesis investigates slagging of [phosphorus-poor] biomass in fixed bed combustion. 85 fuels and 10 different burner/boiler technologies were utilized. The results in this thesis highlight the importance of the ash forming elements Si, Ca, K and Alin the slag formation process in fixed bed combustion of phosphorus-poor biomass. Increased Ca/Si ratios in the fuel reduce slag formation due to formation of more temperature stable phases, i.e. Ca/Mg-oxides and/or formation of carbonate melts with lower viscosity (not sticky) that are less prone to forming slag. A high Al/Si ratio increases the possibility of forming solid and thermally stable K−Al silicates that can reduce slag formation.   The fraction of ash melt, along with viscosity, are critical for slag formation and these parameters vary between different fuels. Four classes were defined according to their slagging potential; 1) No slag: fuel composition and the bottom ash contains low Si and K contents and higher Ca content. Fuel examples: non-contaminated stem- and pulpwood/energy wood, 2) Minor slagging tendency: fuel compositions show increased Si compared to non-slagging fuels and the bottom ash contains lower Ca, but increased Si content and approximately unchanged K content compared to the former category. Fuel examples: stem wood, bark and logging residue with increased Si-content due to light contamination. 3) Moderate slagging tendency: fuel composition contains further increased Si content. Increased share of formed silicate melt and higher viscosity (more sticky) compared to minor slagging fuels. Fuel examples: mostly contaminated woody fuels and grass and straws with relatively high amount of Ca. and 4) Major slagging tendency: Fuel composition contains high Si and K content. Sticky K-silicates causes major increase in slagging tendency. Fuel examples: different types of grass and straw fuels.   The burner/boiler technology can affect whether slagging will induce major problems in the burner or not. However, long residence times and high temperatures for the combustion residues in the hot part of the fuel bed are technical prerequisite for increased slag formation.   This thesis developed two qualitative fuel indices for predicting slagging in fixed bed combustion of phosphorus-poor biofuels – one index for fraction of fuel ash that forms slag and one index for sintering category of the formed slag. Both novel indices deliver acceptable results and are more reliable than previous indices found in the literature. Importantly, the fraction of fuel ash that forms slag index outperforms the sintering category for qualitative prediction of the problematic slagging potential of a certain fuel. Additional work is needed to further widen the compositional range as well as to fine tune the indices’ boundaries.
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Shabani, Nazanin. "Value chain optimization of a forest biomass power plant considering uncertainties." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46406.

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Mathematical modeling has been employed to improve the cost competitiveness of forest bioenergy supply chains. Most of the studies done in this area are at the strategic level, focus on one part of the supply chain and ignore uncertainties. The objective of this thesis is to optimize the value generated in a forest biomass power plant at the tactical level considering uncertainties. To achieve this, first the supply chain configuration of a power plant is presented and a nonlinear model is developed and solved to maximize its overall value. The model considers procurement, storage, production and ash management in an integrated framework and is applied to a real case study in Canada. The optimum solution forecasts $1.74M lower procurement cost compared to the actual cost of the power plant. Sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation are performed to identify important uncertain parameters and evaluate their impacts on the solution. The model is reformulated into a linear programming model to facilitate incorporating uncertainty in the decision making process. To include uncertainty in the biomass availability, biomass quality and both of them simultaneously, a two-stage stochastic programming model, a robust optimization model and a hybrid stochastic programming-robust optimization model are developed, respectively. The results show that including uncertainty in the optimization model provides a solution which is feasible for all realization of uncertain parameters within the defined scenario sets or uncertainty ranges, with a lower profit compared to the deterministic model. Including uncertainty in biomass availability using the stochastic model decreases the profit by $0.2M. In the robust optimization model, there is a trade-off between the profit and the selected range of biomass quality. Profit decreases by up to $3.67M when there are ±13% variation in moisture content and ±5% change in higher heating value. The hybrid model takes advantage of both modeling approaches and balances the profit and model tractability. With the cost of only $30,000, an implementable solution is provided by the hybrid model with unique first stage decision variables. These models could help managers of a biomass power plant to achieve higher profit by better managing their supply chains.
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Zandi, Atashbar Nasim. "Modeling and Optimization of Biomass Supply Chains for Several Bio-refineries." Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0038.

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La biomasse peut jouer un rôle crucial comme source d'énergie renouvelable. La logistique représentant une part importante du coût, des chaînes d'approvisionnement efficaces doivent être conçues pour fournir aux bio-raffineries les quantités demandées, à des prix raisonnables et à des moments adéquats. Cette thèse porte sur la modélisation et l'optimisation de chaînes logistiques de biomasse pour plusieurs raffineries. Un modèle de données est élaboré pour structurer les informations nécessaires à une base de données alimentant les modèles mathématiques. Ensuite, un modèle linéaire multi-période à variables mixtes est proposé pour optimiser au niveau tactique et stratégique une chaîne logistique multi-biomasse. Les emplacements des raffineries peuvent être prédéfinis ou déterminés par le modèle. L'objectif est de minimiser un coût total incluant la production de biomasse, le stockage, la manutention, la création des raffineries et le transport, tout en satisfaisant les besoins des raffineries dans chaque période. Une version multi-objective est développée pour optimiser simultanément des critères économiques et environnementaux. Elle est résolue par une méthode de type ε-contrainte. Des grandes instances avec des données réelles pour deux régions de France (Picardie et Champagne Ardenne) sont préparées pour évaluer des modèles proposés. Enfin, des approches en deux phases sont appliquées pour résoudre les grands cas en un temps raisonnable, tout en évaluant l’écart à l’optimum fourni par la méthode exacte
Biomass can play a crucial role as one of the main sources of renewable energies. As logistics holds a significant share of biomass cost, efficient biomass supply chains must be designed to provide bio-refineries with adequate quantities of biomass at reasonable prices and appropriate times. This thesis focuses on modeling and optimization of multi-biomass supply chains for several bio-refineries. A data model is developed to list, analyze and structure the set of required data, in a logical way. The result is a set of tables that can be loaded into mathematical models for solving optimization problems. Then, a multi-period mixed integer linear programming model is proposed to optimize a multi-biomass supply chains for several bio-refineries, at the tactical and strategic level. Refineries can be already placed or located by the model. The aim is to minimize the total costs, including biomass production, storage, handling, refineries setup and transportation costs, while satisfying the demand of refineries in each period. Additionally, a multi-objective model is developed to optimize simultaneously the economic and environmental performance of biomass supply chains. The model is solved by using the ε-constraint method. Furthermore, large-scale tests on real data for two regions of France (Picardie & Champagne-Ardenne) are prepared to evaluate the proposed models. Finally, two-phase approaches are proposed to solve large-scale instances in reasonable running times, while evaluating the loss of optimality compared to the exact model
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Moharreri, Ehsan. "Optimization, Scale Up and Modeling CO2-Water Pretreatment of Guayule Biomass." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1313013654.

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Books on the topic "Optimization of biomass formation"

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Kinzey, Bruce Randal. Performance optimization of a farm-scale direct-fired biomass furnace: Final report. Helena, Mont. (1520 East Sixth Avenue 59620-2301): The Dept., 1988.

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Li, Zhengqi. Corn straw and biomass blends: Combustion characteristics and NO formation. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Lind, Terttaliisa. Ash formation in circulating fluidised bed combustion of coal and solid biomass. Espoo, Finland: VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1999.

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Sahoo, Umakanta. A Polygeneration Process Concept for Hybrid Solar and Biomass Power Plant: Simulation, Modelling and Optimization. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119536321.

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Karel, Marcus. Utilization of non-conventional systems for conversion of biomass to food components: Recovery optimization and characterization of algal proteins and lipids ; status report (March 1985 to June 1986). Cambridge, MA: Dept. of Applied Biological Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986.

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Z, Nakhost, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, eds. Utilization of non-conventional systems for conversion of biomass to food components: Recovery optimization and characterization of algal proteins and lipids ; status report (March 1985 to June 1986). Cambridge, MA: Dept. of Applied Biological Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986.

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Kouvo, Petri. Formation and control of trace metal emissions in co-firing of biomass, peat, and wastes in fluidised bed combustors. Lappeenranta, Finland: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 2003.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Users manual for the improved NASA Lewis ice accretion code LEWICE 1.6. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Users manual for the improved NASA Lewis ice accretion code LEWICE 1.6. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Nev.) International Conference on Scientific Computing and Applications (8th 2012 Las Vegas. Recent advances in scientific computing and applications: Eigth International Conference on Scientific Computing and Applications, April 1-4, 2012, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada. Edited by Li, Jichun, editor of compilation, Yang, Hongtao, 1962- editor of compilation, and Machorro, Eric A. (Eric Alexander), 1969- editor of compilation. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Optimization of biomass formation"

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Tumuluru, Jaya Shankar. "Densification Process Models and Optimization." In Biomass Densification, 63–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62888-8_3.

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Straathof, Adrie J. J., and Maria C. Cuellar. "Microbial Hydrocarbon Formation from Biomass." In Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, 411–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10_2016_62.

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Sarang, Mihir C., and Anuradha S. Nerurkar. "Bioflocculants and Production of Microalgal Biomass." In Optimization and Applicability of Bioprocesses, 233–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6863-8_11.

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Searcy, Erin, J. Richard Hess, JayaShankar Tumuluru, Leslie Ovard, David J. Muth, Erik Trømborg, Michael Wild, et al. "Optimization of Biomass Transport and Logistics." In Lecture Notes in Energy, 103–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6982-3_5.

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Singh, Ram, and Gursewak Singh Brar. "Location Optimization of Biomass-Based Power Projects." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 507–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9554-7_46.

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Bruglieri, Maurizio, and Leo Liberti. "Optimally Running a Biomass-Based Energy Production Process." In Optimization in the Energy Industry, 221–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88965-6_10.

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Gazi, Veysel, and Kevin M. Passino. "Formation Control Using Nonlinear Servomechanism." In Swarm Stability and Optimization, 151–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18041-5_7.

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Leppälahti, Jukka, Esa Kurkela, Pekka Simell, and Pekka Ståhlberg. "Formation and Removal of Nitrogen Compounds in Gasification Processes." In Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 160–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1336-6_13.

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Chan, Wai-Chun Ricky, Marcia Kelbon, and Barbara B. Krieger. "Product Formation in the Pyrolysis of Large Wood Particles." In Fundamentals of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 219–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4932-4_12.

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Simmons, G. M., and W. H. Lee. "Kinetics of Gas Formation from Cellulose and Wood Pyrolysis." In Fundamentals of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 385–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4932-4_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Optimization of biomass formation"

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Teixeira, J. C. F., B. N. Vasconcelos, and M. E. C. Ferreira. "Simulation of a Small Scale Pellet Boiler." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11133.

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A Computational Fluid Dynamics model, implemented in the FLUENT code, has been used to describe with detail the combustion inside the furnace of a 15 kW pellet boiler. The solid biomass is modeled by the reaction of the volatile mater. The air supply is split into two regions with varying AF ratios. It was also observed that the NO formation in the combustion chamber is essentially due to the fuel-NO path and therefore the variations of excess air did not affect the concentration levels of NO at the exit of the combustion chamber. However by increasing the air supply in the vicinity of the grate (by moving the secondary air supply closer to the primary air supply) the NO levels increased. The emissions of the flue gases were measured and compared with the computed results. The results enable the optimization of the combustion chamber design and the efficient fine tuning of a pellet boiler for a wide range of power levels.
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Saffaripour, M., M. Ersson, L. T. I. Jonsson, N. Andersson, M. H. Saffaripour, and P. G. Jönsson. "On the Implementation of Producer Gases as Alternative Fuels in Steel Reheating Furnaces." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51692.

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During the past decades, combustion of producer gases from other facilities has been introduced as one of the promising techniques in steel furnaces. The impurities inside producer gases are responsible for a low quality steel production due to formation of the molten ash that forms sticky layers of solutions on steel surfaces. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation is needed before a full implementation of producer gases inside the industrial furnaces. In this paper, the effects of impurities inside the gasified biomass flue gases are thermodynamically investigated regarding temperature zones inside a reheating furnace. After that, the high temperature agent combustion (HiTAC) is investigated as a solution for a steel batch reheating furnace to reduce the side effects of using the producer gases. Finally, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used as a numerical technique to compare four different producer gases in the studied furnace. The temperature distribution is validated with existing literature data. It shows a good agreement with a 5% error in the heating and a 10% error in the soaking zones of the reheating furnace. The comparison of simulation results assists in the understanding of the chemical and thermal behavior of different gases and provides useful data for the furnace fuel optimization.
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Herdin, G. R., F. Gruber, D. Plohberger, and M. Wagner. "Experience With Gas Engines Optimized for H2-Rich Fuels." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0596.

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The gas engine is a very efficient possibility of a technological approach for the conversion of chemically bound energy into mechanical or electrical power. Degrees of efficiency achieved thus far through the electrification of natural gas amount to up to 45% depending on the engine size and further potentials are already being opened up. Gas engines therefore do not need to fear a comparison with diesel engines in terms of efficiency. The modern gas engines have considerable advantages regarding emissions. The state of the art for the NOx emissions of natural gas engines can presently be given as 0.7 g/kWh (diesel 5 g NOx/kWh) with practically particle-free combustion. As a result of these features the gas engine is especially suitable for the very efficient process of cogeneration of heat and power, through which total degrees of fuel efficiency of about 90% can be attained. As such, the gas engine is even superior to all previously introduced types of fuel cells. The utilization of H2-rich gases as fuel can be seen as a new field of application of gas engines. Jenbacher AG already has many years of experience in the field of “H2-rich fuels” with optimization of combustion control and mixture formation. The H2 content extend from 100% to very low caloric values of gases in the range of 1.67 MJ/Nm3. The gases to be utilized by the gas engines come primarily from thermal pyrolysis processes of biomass or RDF fuels. A very good efficiency behavior with uncommonly low NOx emissions can be determined as the common result of all gas engine sizes. In the case of the high NH3 content of e.g. wood gas, despite the extreme lean-burn operation through the primary formation of NOx from the fuel, no NOx minimum can be attained. For the future, making the step into H2-rich fuel technology particularly regarding emissions means a big step towards the low NOx concepts and thus the further reduction of engine emissions.
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Konttinen, Jukka, Mikko Hupa, Sirpa Kallio, Franz Winter, and Jessica Samuelsson. "NO Formation Tendency Characterization for Biomass Fuels." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78025.

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When a solid fuel, such as coal, biomass or a mixture of these fuels, enters a hot fluidized bed, the volatile carbon and nitrogen compounds are released, while some nitrogen and carbon remains in the solid char. Volatile nitrogen can form reactive species such as NH3, HCN and tar-nitrogen. These can react in the presence of oxygen to NO (and some N2O). Some part of volatile nitrogen is always reduced to N2. During combustion of the char residue, some part of the char-nitrogen forms NO (or N2O) and the rest is converted to N2. Usually the standard fuel analysis is not enough to allow for accurate NO emission predictions in large scale fluidized bed combustion. This paper presents NO formation tendency characterization results from novel laboratory measurements in a small-scale fluidised bed combustor. The laboratory results of this paper give a good insight into the distribution of fuel nitrogen between reactive and non-reactive (N2) volatile components and char-nitrogen. A NO formation tendency database is formed based on the results, including data on biomass-, waste-, peat- and coal-type fuels. The combustion test results show that the cumulative conversion of fuel nitrogen to NO under lean, non-staged fluidized bed combustion is 20–50% (850°C with O2 in excess). For biomass and peat, nearly all reactive nitrogen (forming NO) is released from the fuel during pyrolysis. NO formation during char combustion is significant with coal. With the help of the database, a reasonable estimate of the maximum non-staged NO emission in fluidized bed combustion can be obtained. Normally, air staging is utilized to reduce NO emissions. Effects of air-staging can be studied by means of modelling. In case of a BFBC boiler, the data can be used as input in the design or modelling of air staging for freeboard. For CFBC, the data can be used as input in the NO prediction where the once formed NO is further reduced by char carbon.
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Blevins, Linda G., and Thomas H. Cauley. "Fine Particulate Formation During Biomass/Coal Cofiring." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33997.

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Experiments to examine the effects of biomass/coal cofiring on fine particle formation were performed in the Sandia Multi-Fuel Combustor using fuels of pure coal, 3 combinations of switchgrass and coal, and pure switchgrass. A constant thermal input was maintained. The combustion products were cooled during passage through the 4.2 m long reactor to simulate the temperatures experienced in the convection pass of a boiler. Fine particle number densities, mass concentrations, and total number concentrations for particles between 10 nm and 1 μm at the reactor exit were determined using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer. The results indicate that the fine particle loading for cofiring is higher than that achieved with dedicated coal combustion but lower than that achieved with dedicated switchgrass combustion.
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Tingzhou, Ning, and Shoulin Hou. "Optimization of Biomass Curing Mold." In 2016 9th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscid.2016.1018.

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Huesemann, Michael, Scott Edmunson, Song Gao, Taraka Dale, Sangeeta Negi, Lieve Laurens, Philip Pienkos, et al. "DISCOVR: Development of Integrated Screening, Cultivar Optimization, and Verification Research." In Algae Biomass Summit. US DOE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1676405.

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Pasini, S., U. Ghezzi, L. Degli Antoni Ferri, and P. Bombarda. "Optimization of Energy Recovery from Biomass." In 34th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-2714.

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Zeng, Ronghua, Shuzhong Wang, Jianjun Cai, and Cao Kuang. "A Review on Biomass Tar Formation and Catalytic Cracking." In 2018 7th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (ICEESD 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceesd-18.2018.26.

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Syarif, Nirwan, Dedi Rohendi, Wulandhari, and Iwan Kurniawan. "Optimization of biomass-based electrochemical capacitor performance." In THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON CHEMISTRY: Green Chemistry and its Role for Sustainability. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5082462.

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Reports on the topic "Optimization of biomass formation"

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Milne, T. A., R. J. Evans, and N. Abatzaglou. Biomass Gasifier ''Tars'': Their Nature, Formation, and Conversion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/3726.

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Burnham, Alan K. Estimating the Heat of Formation of Foodstuffs and Biomass. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1124948.

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Skone, Timothy J., Greg Cooney, Michele Mutchek, Chungyan Shih, and Joe Marriott. Coal and Biomass to Liquids (CBTL) Greenhouse Gas Optimization Tool Documentation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1513810.

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Mohan Kelkar. Exploitation and Optimization of Reservoir Performance in Hunton Formation, Oklahoma. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890745.

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Mohan Kelkar. Exploitation and Optimization of Reservoir Performance in Hunton Formation, Oklahoma. US: University Of Tulsa, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/898966.

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Shimskey, Rick W., Brady D. Hanson, and Paul J. MacFarlan. Optimization of Hydride Rim Formation in Unirradiated Zr 4 Cladding. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1104631.

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Mohan Kelkar. Exploitation and Optimization of Reservoir Performance in Hunton Formation, Oklahoma. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882208.

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Mohan Kelkar. Exploitation and Optimization of Reservoir Performance in Hunton Formation, Oklahoma. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/924620.

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Mohan Kelkar. EXPLOITATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE IN HUNTON FORMATION, OKLAHOMA. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834507.

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Mohan Kelkar. EXPLOITATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE IN HUNTON FORMATION, OKLAHOMA. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839361.

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