Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Optimism'
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Mack, Steven Allen. "Desperate optimism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ55183.pdf.
Full textLiu, Caimei. "Understanding optimism." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22005.
Full textJuárez, Mirelles Mercedes Yovana, Peje Enrique Alberto Pardave, Chichipe Luz Angélica Morocho, and Room Mario Guillermo Mateo. "APP Mobile car." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625881.
Full textThe present project is based on the analysis of the following problem: people who have a car and require maintenance service, but have limited time for what is proposed to provide a quick, efficient and trustworthy alternative solution, transferring the service which offers a fixed-site automotive workshop, to the point of user's location, whether this address or work. The initial investment amount represented by the project is S / 77 096 soles, as start of operations contributed by the four founding partners of APP MOBILE CAR. Currently we present an optimistic automotive market scenario with an increasingly competitive and dynamic industry where the new trend goes hand in hand with the digital era (App) that are revolutionizing the automotive market. A study conducted by the company Brandwatch indicates the following: By the year 2020, 40% of new car consumers will be millennials. Of these, 88% surf the Internet, complementing that until April of the present 2018 the Peruvian market has grown by 33.4%. This represents stability, solidity and growth for APP MOBILE CAR which reflects the optimism of consumers generated by the stability we are experiencing.
Trabajo de investigación
Hinze, Travis Wayne. "A Continuation in the Defining of the Construct of Optimism." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277984/.
Full textFrost, Sara M. "Optimism at Work: Developing and Validating Scales to Measure Workplace Optimism." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch161817296993158.
Full textHellenrud, Hagström Anna. "Optimism och stress : En enkätundersökning om förhållandet mellan självupplevd optimism och stress." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3862.
Full textThe idea with this study is to examine if there are a connection between how optimistic people are in relation to how stressed they feel. The result from the survey is based on materials from a questionnaire has been sent to fifty persons of varying age and sexes. The questionnaire has also been sent to students from Karlstad University but also to friends and acquaintances. The data is measured with SE- and LOT-tests. The issues concerned in which scope respondents experiences themselves stressed and optimistic and how the connection is between experienced stress and optimism in relation to results on the figure tests. This study showed a significant difference in average LOT-points and results in SE. Likewise, a significant difference was shown in average LOT-points and energy results. High LOT-points tend to give lower stress-points while low LOT-points are associated with high stress-points.
Rose, Jason Paul. "Approach-avoidance and optimism." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/317.
Full textKrzeminski, Aurélie. "La dimension compétitive de l'optimisme comparatif : Une contribution expérimentale à l'étude de l'impact de la compétition sur la perception auto-avantageuse de l'avenir." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2002/document.
Full textOptimistic perception that people have of the future has been the subject of numerous studies. They led to observe an advantageous self expression when comparing his future to that of others (i.e., comparative optimism). These studies have scrutinized the conditions of its emergence and its intra-individual explanations (motivational and cognitive). Other studies rare but often compelling, showed the impact of the situation, social position and culture in which the comparative optimism is expressed. Explanations ensuing question more broadly the influence of ideological systems in which people are inserted, the expression of comparative optimism. The latter, obtained mainly in Western cultures and liberal ideological systems, characterized by strong competitive dimension, maintains many links with the competition. To test the competitive dimension of comparative optimism or to what extent the competition facilitates the expression of comparative optimism, we conducted seven studies. In essence, they show that the competition tends to be associated with comparative optimism and grow. In addition, they show the dimension of social utility of comparative optimism and the relationship between competition and comparative optimism is mediated by performance goals. We conclude that the comparative optimism, reflecting the competition induced by comparison to others, is the expression of conditions, including ideological, ultra-competitive in our Western societies in which it is expressed
Åberg, Emma. "Investigating the Neural Substrates and Neural Markers of Optimism and Optimism Bias : A Systematic Review." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20609.
Full textMachaty, Agnes. "Dispositional Optimism and Marital Adjustment." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/hes_etds/7.
Full textDuffy-Friedman, Margaret. "Academic Optimism in High Schools." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1201035546.
Full textBoyle, Patrick E. "Provider Optimism About Consumer Recovery." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1467132089.
Full textStorck, Aaron. "Waveform Analogy, Experimentation, and Optimism." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3388.
Full textGrenon, Karine. "Le rôle médiateur du désespoir et de l'optimisme entre la motivation face à la vie et les idéations suicidaires chez les étudiants universitaires du Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2000. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textNam, JeeHae Sophia. "Optimism Matters: Examining the Role of Optimism, Social Engagement, and International Mobility in Migrant Well-being." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104758.
Full textGlobalization has had many implications on the world’s economy, culture, mobility, and experience of work. Of these, global human migration, or international mobility, is often used as the prime indicator of globalization (United Nations Population Fund [UNPFA]; 2013). Evidence suggests that multiple international relocations, with the accompanying loss of familiar spatial environments, social relationships, and social institutions, are deleterious to human well-being. However, literature has yet to elucidate the mechanisms that contribute to the difficulties associated with high rates of international mobility. Using a multinational dataset of responses gathered from 255 internationally mobile employees at 24 worksites in 11 different countries (i.e. Botswana, Japan, Brazil, Spain, China, United Kingdom, India, United States, Mexico, South Africa), this exploratory study tested a structural model delineating the relationships among the rate of international mobility, dispositional optimism, social engagement and well-being, as defined by life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and functional health. Structural equation modeling and follow-up multiple regression analyses found optimism to have the greatest in impact on predicting the levels of job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and functional health, above all other demographic and observed predictors in the study. The rate of international mobility had a significant negative impact on job satisfaction, but not on functional health or life satisfaction. In addition, the frequency of an individual’s in-person interactions with family, friends, and neighbors did not have a significant role in predicting the outcomes. Contrary to the study’s hypotheses, social engagement did not function as a mediator between optimism and well-being. These important findings highlight human resilience in international migration, and offer research, practice, and organizational policy implications for understanding and supporting internationally mobile individuals
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology
Smaoui, Chabchoub Aida. "Excès de confiance et optimisme des dirigeants : cas des firmes initiatrices d'une acquisition." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20205.
Full textThe introduction of the behavioral dimension in the explanation of the phenomena of mergers and acquisitions has allowed to replace the traditional assumptions of rationality of the participants by potentially more realistic behavioral assumptions. Behavioral corporate finance allows to treat the phenomenon of mergers and acquisitions in a framework widened, incorporating into the analysis the hypothesis of the irrationality of participants in particular the managers of bidders. The present work focuses on studying the relationship between the behavioural bias of managers of bidders such as overconfidence bias, and the operations of acquisition. Firstly, we develop several measures of CEO overconfidence. Secondly, these measures are used to study the effect of overconfidence on acquisitions policies. From a sample of French firms involved in operations of acquisitions during the period 1999-2007, we show that the overconfident CEO tend to make more acquisitions and to make them with a higher acquisition premium. However, these acquisitions are unprofitable for the shareholders of the bidders since the returns realized are negative around the date of announcement
Coelho, Marta Parreira. "Unrealistic optimism, entrepreneurship and adverse selection." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409325.
Full textHoover, Jon. "Ibn Taymiyya's theodicy of perpetual optimism /." Leiden : Brill, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41104973f.
Full textScheinert, Tobias. "Managerial optimism and corporate financial policies." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17068.
Full textThis thesis consists of three essays that empirically investigate to what extent managerial optimism affects corporate financial policy decisions. The term managerial optimism is used to describe agents (managers), who believe to act in the principals’ (shareholders’) best interest but in fact have upwardly biased views about their own abilities and consequently about the performance of their firms. The first paper investigates the impact of managerial optimism on debt contract design. Consistent with their upwardly biased view on their firm’s future cash flow, we find that firms with overly optimistic managers are more likely to choose performance sensitive debt (PSD) contracts and show worse post issue performance than firms with rational managers. The second paper analyzes corporate risk management. We find that firms with overly optimistic managers are significantly less likely to use financial derivatives to hedge their currency exposures than those with rational managers. This behavior is consistent with an underestimation of bankruptcy or financial distress costs by overly optimistic managers. The third paper empirically tests the relationship between managerial optimism and the use of large write-offs following CEO turnover. Subsequent to CEO turnover, it is often observed that incoming CEOs engage in this so called big bath accounting. Losses incurred during the big bath are attributed to the predecessors and the incoming CEOs take credit for future performance improvements. Consistent with their upwardly biased expectations concerning future firm cash flow, we find that firms hiring optimistic managers are less likely to experience an earnings bath in the year of the turnover than those hiring their rational counterparts.
Richards, Andrew John. "Optimism and English school children : reliability, validity and use of the Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ) and the Youth Life Orientation Test (YLOT)." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3624.
Full textBoland, Anne. "Optimism, coping, and adaptation in older women." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9827.
Full textRostedt, Maria. "En Studie i Optimism, Lycka och Livstillfredsställelse." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Ämnesforskning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15233.
Full textThe aim of this study was, on the basis of the positive psychology perspective, to investigate how optimism (LOT-r, Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994) relates to happiness (OHQ, Hills & Argyle 2002) and life satisfaction (SWLS, Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985) and the influence of gender, age and marital status. The study also examined what makes people happy. The selection was made by the snowball method and 106 respondents participated in which 47 were male and 59 were women. Marital status was divided into three categories, married / partner, live-apart and single. Age was divided into three categories, 18-29, 30-49 and 50-74. Statistical analyses were made with non-parametric tests. The results showed that optimism was correlated positively with happiness and life satisfaction in all categories except for the live-apart where there was no correlation between optimism and life satisfaction. There were significant differences in the age group in terms of life satisfaction. What made people happy were family (51.5%), friends / relations (36.4) and leisure (35.4%).
Gustafsson, Edith. "Hur påverkar social intelligens och optimism arbetstillfredsställelse?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-44375.
Full textSedor, Lisa Marie. "Scenario thinking and optimism in analysts' forecasts /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8740.
Full textFurst, Andrea Jean. "Dispositional Optimism, Sport Confidence, and Golf Performance." Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367092.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Education and Professional Studies
Arts, Education and Law
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Judge, Stephanie T. "OPTIMISM AND PAIN INTERFERENCE IN AGING WOMEN." UKnowledge, 2017. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/125.
Full textBrown, Charis. "Do optimists have better lives? a quasi-experimental optimism, life satisfaction, and quality of life study /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014372.
Full textTavares, Daniela Marques. "Adaptação ao Ensino Superior e otimismo em estudantes do 1º ano." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3617.
Full textA adaptação ao Ensino Superior apresenta-se como uma temática cada vez mais explorada na investigação em Psicologia, sobretudo dada a importância que tem na vida dos jovens/adultos que ingressam na Universidade pela primeira vez. Grande parte dos novos estudantes encara esta fase como sendo caracterizada por variadas mudanças, com vários desafios que têm de enfrentar tanto a nível pessoal como académico. O facto de uma personalidade optimista estar associada a uma maior facilidade para lidar com o stress, remete para a importância do otimismo na adaptação ao Ensino Superior. Foi este o objetivo principal desta investigação; perceber o processo de adaptação ao Ensino Superior em estudantes do primeiro ano e de que forma se encontra relacionado com variáveis sociodemográficas e com o otimismo. A amostra deste estudo é constituída por 143 estudantes de uma Universidade Privada Portuguesa. Os alunos têm idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 56 anos, com média de 20,8 anos (DP=5,8) e são maioritariamente do sexo feminino (80,4%). Os instrumentos utilizados nesta investigação foram: Questionário Sócio-demográfico; Questionário de Vivências Académicas (QVA-r) (Almeida et al., 1999) – para avaliar a adaptação ao Ensino Superior; e Escala de Orientação para a Vida (LOT-R) (Scheier, Carver & Bridges, 1994) – para avaliar o otimismo. Verificou-se que estes alunos apresentavam um valor médio de adaptação de 219,16, com a dimensão Carreira como a mais elevada. Quanto ao otimismo, o valor médio foi de 12,5. Não se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na adaptação entre estudantes deslocados ou não, nem relação entre adaptação e idade. No que se refere à adaptação académica em função do sexo, apenas existiam diferenças estatisticamente significativas na dimensão Estudo, favorecendo as raparigas. Houve uma associação negativa muito baixa entre a adaptação académica e a perceção que os alunos têm da sua saúde. Não houve relação estatisticamente significativa entre adaptação académica e otimismo, nem entre esta primeira e a frequência de atividades extracurriculares. Apesar das limitações do estudo, os resultados são favoráveis à adaptação ao Ensino Superior. Adapting to Higher Education presents itself as a theme increasingly exploited in research in psychology, especially given the importance it has in the lives of young people / adults who enter the University for the first time. Much of the new students sees this stage as being characterized by varied changes, many challenges they face both personal and academic. The fact that an optimistic personality is associated with a greater ability to cope with stress, refers to the importance of optimism in adapting to Higher Education. This was the focus of this investigation; understand the process of adapting to Higher Education students in the first year and how it is related to sociodemographic variables and with optimism. The sample consists of 143 students of a private university Portuguese. The students are aged between 18 and 56 years, with a mean of 20,8 years (SD = 5.8) and are mostly female (80.4%). The tools that have been used in this search were: Questionário Sócio-demográfico; Questionário de Vivências Académicas (QVA-r) (Almeida et al., 1999) – to assess the adaptation to higher education; and Escala de Orientação para a Vida (LOT-R) (Scheier, Carver & Bridges, 1994) – to assess the optimism. It was found that those students had an average value of adaptation 219.16, Carreira with the dimension as the highest. As for optimism, the average was 12,5. Concerning to the academic adaptation depending on the sex, there were only statistically significant differences in scale study, favouring girls. There was a very low negative association between adaptation academic and the perception that students have of their health. There was no statistically significant relationship between academic adaptation and optimism, nor between the first one and the frequency of extra-curricular activities. Despite the study's limitations, the results are favorable adaptation to Higher Education. L’adaptation à l’Enseignement Supérieur se présente comme une thématique de plus en plus exploitée dans l’investigation en Psychologie, surtout lorsqu’on considère l’importance que cela peut avoir pour les jeunes/adultes qui sont admis à l’université pour la première fois. Pour une grande partie des jeunes étudiants, cette étape est caractérisée par une série de changements, accompagnés de différents défis qu’ils doivent affronter tant au niveau personnel comme au niveau des études. Le fait d’une personnalité optimiste être associée à une grande facilité de vivre avec le stress nous révèle combien l’optimisme est important pour une bonne adaptation à l’Enseignement Supérieur. Celui-ci a été le principal objectif de cette investigation: comprendre la procédure de cette adaptation avec les jeunes qui sont en première année de faculté et de quelle manière cette procédure se trouve associée à des variables sociodémographiques et à l’optimisme. L’échantillon de cette étude est composé par 143 étudiants d’une Université Privée Portugaise. Les élèves sont âgés entre 18 et 56 ans, ce qui représente une moyenne de 20,8 élèves (DP=5,8) et ils sont en majeur partie du sexe féminin (80,4%). Les instruments utilisés dans cette investigation ont été: Questionário Sócio-demográfico; Questionário de Vivências Académicas (QVA-r) (Almeida et al., 1999) – pour évaluer l’adaptation à l’Enseignement Supérieur et la Escala de Orientação para a Vida (LOT-R) (Scheier, Carver & Bridges, 1994) – pour évaluer l’optimisme. On a vérifié que ces élèves ont démontré une valeur moyenne d’adaptation de 219,16, ayant la dimension Carrière comme la plus élevée. Quant à l’optimisme, la valeur moyenne a été de 12,5. Aucunes différences statistiquement significatives à l’adaptation entre étudiants déplacés ou pas ont été constatées, ni aucune relation entre adaptation et âge. En ce qui concerne l’adaptation académique associé au sexe de l’étudiant, on observe à peine quelques différences statistiquement significatives dans la dimension Etude, favorisant les filles. On constate qu’il y a eu une association négative très basse entre l’adaptation académique et la perception que les élèves ont de leur santé. Il n’y a pas de relation statistiquement significative entre l’adaptation académique et l’optimisme, ni entre la première et la fréquence aux activités extra scolaires. Malgré les limitations de cette étude, les résultats ont été favorables en ce qui concerne l’adaptation à l’Enseignement Supérieur.
Faria, Sofia Barreiros Macedo de. "O optimismo na educação: Uma abordagem para o Ensino Superior: Um estudo nos cursos de Educação de infância e professores do ensino básico do 1º ciclo." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/499.
Full textEsta dissertação de mestrado aborda o tema da educação para o optimismo no Ensino Superior. A primeira parte deste trabalho consiste num enquadramento teórico do tema, que se inicia com uma breve perspectiva histórica sobre a Psicologia Positiva, seguindo-se uma abordagem aos conceitos de optimismo e pessimismo, fazendo-se ainda uma breve referência à origem do optimismo e do pessimismo e ao bem-estar subjectivo. Por fim faz-se a ligação destes conceitos à educação, principalmente no Ensino Superior, e termina-se com uma revisão sobre os instrumentos existentes para avaliar o optimismo e o pessimismo. A segunda parte deste trabalho é composta por dois estudos efectuados a alunos dos cursos de Educação de Infância e de Professores do Ensino Básico do 1o ciclo de uma Escola Superior de Educação. No primeiro estudo, que teve como objectivo principal verificar as diferenças e semelhanças apresentadas pelos alunos ao nível do grau de optimismo/pessimismo entre os 4 anos de cada um dos dois cursos, foi aplicada a escala ELOT - versão adaptada para a população portuguesa, em dois momentos distintos, no início e no final de cada ano, de cada curso. No segundo estudo, que teve como objectivo relacionar o factor pessoal de optimismo/pessimismo dos alunos com o contexto e compreender quais os factores que poderão promover o desenvolvimento do optimismo na formação dos jovens profissionais de educação, foram entrevistados os cinco alunos mais optimistas e os cinco alunos mais pessimistas de cada ano, de cada curso, em dois momentos distintos, no início e no final do ano lectivo, tendo sido efectuada uma análise de conteúdo destas entrevistas. Pode-se concluir que em relação ao primeiro estudo o padrão dos níveis de optimismo e pessimismo, embora se tenha mantido constante durante as duas aplicações, não foi igual nos dois cursos. O curso de Educação de Infância apresentou uma quebra em relação aos níveis de optimismo a partir do 2o ano, ao contrário do curso de Professores do Ensino Básico do 1o ciclo, que apresentou valores semelhantes entre os 4 anos do curso. Em relação ao segundo estudo concluiu-se que os alunos dos dois cursos valorizam e estão abertos às questões relacionais e afectivas na relação pedagógica, o que nos abre portas para repensarmos a formação inicial de forma a podermos caminhar para uma educação para o optimismo.
Ellsworth, Allison. "Relationship Between Observed Parental Optimism and Adolescent Optimism with Parental Involvement as a Mediating Variable: Two Wave Panel Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3218.
Full textFowler, Stephanie Lane. "Interactive Optimism: A Mediator and Moderator Model for Understanding Coping." Toledo, Ohio : University of Toledo, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1271350625.
Full textTypescript. "Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Psychology." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 46-52.
Reinhoudt, Cynthia J. "Factors related to aging well: the influence of optimism, hardiness and spiritual well being on the physical health functioning of older adults." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1092771722.
Full textBruininks, Patricia. "Defining and measuring hope /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3055672.
Full textTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-188). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
Minson, Madeleine Sophie. "'Superfluous cheerfulness' : an exploration of Henry Thoreau's optimism." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324978.
Full textMiddleton, Wendy. "The nature of, and explanations for, unrealistic optimism." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361191.
Full textMiller, James M. "Managing HIV: Self-Efficacy, Mindfulness, Optimism, and Meaning." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84252/.
Full textPasseira, Andrea Verónica Vaz. "Stress laboral na PSP." Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/4007.
Full textO presente Estudo foi aplicado a profissionais da polícia do Comando Metropolitano de Lisboa da PSP. O objectivo principal subjacente a este trabalho foi proceder à análise da problemática do stress, nos profissionais da PSP que constituem a nossa amostra. Para tal, a metodologia utilizada consistiu na aplicação de um conjunto de Questionários, designadamente, “Fontes de Stress”, “Sintomas de Stress”, “Estratégias de Coping”, “Empenho Organizacional”, “Locus de Controlo”, “Optimismo”, e por último os dados Sócio-demográficos. O Questionário “Fontes de Stress”, comporta três dimensões de análise: “Falta de Recursos”, “Problemas Organizacionais e Interpessoais” e “Stressores Policiais”. O Questionário “Sintomas de Stress” é composto, igualmente, por três dimensões de análise: “Fadiga Física”, “Esgotamento Cognitivo” e “Exaustão Emocional”. O Questionário “Estratégias de Coping” inclui duas dimensões: “Evitamento” e “Coping Activo”. O Questionário “Locus de Controlo” envolve, igualmente, duas dimensões: “Locus de Controlo Externo” e “Locus de Controlo Interno”. Os restantes Questionários, são unidimensionais. Os resultados obtidos, permitiram verificar que a dimensão das “Fonte de Stress” mais pontuada pelos inquiridos, corresponde aos “Stressores Policiais” e, ao nível dos “Sintomas de Stress”, a dimensão com mais incidência é a “Fadiga Física”. No que concerne às “Estratégias de Coping” mais utilizadas pelos polícias, estas correspondem a Estratégias de “Coping Activo”. Os resultados também demonstraram que, em termos médios, os polícias apresentam um “Empenho Organizacional” moderado, onde a maioria manifesta a predominância de um tipo de “Locus de Controlo Interno” e que se consideram Optimistas. Este estudo comportou ainda a análise das correlações entre o conjunto das subescalas, bem como a análise da influência de variáveis sócio-demográficas sobre as restantes variáveis em análise.
This study was applied to professional police officers from Lisbon's Metropolitan Police (PSP). The main objective of this study was to examine the issue of stress on the PSP professionals that constitute our sample. To this end, the methodology consisted of a set of Questionnaires, namely "Sources of Stress", "Symptoms of Stress", "Coping Strategies”, “Organizational Commitment", "Locus of Control", "Optimism" and finally the socio-demographic data. The Questionnaire "Sources of Stress” comprises three dimensions of analysis: "Lack of Resources", "Interpersonal and Organizational Issues" and "Police Stressors”. The Questionnaire "Symptoms of Stress" is composed equally of three dimensions: "Physical Fatigue", "Cognitive Exhaustion" and "Emotional Exhaustion”. The Questionnaire "Coping Strategies" includes two dimensions: "Avoidance" and "Active Coping". The Questionnaire "Locus of Control" involves also two dimensions: "External Locus of Control" and "Internal Locus of Control”. The remaining questionnaires are unidimentional. The results reflected the view that the police respondents most punctuated dimension of “Source of Stress" is “Police Stressors", and at the level of “Symptoms of Stress”, the dimension with the highest incidence is “Physical Fatigue". With regard to "Coping Strategies" used by most police departments, these strategies correspond to "Active Coping". The results also showed that on average, the police have a moderate "Organizational Commitment", where the most expresses the predominance of one type of "Internal Locus of Control" and are considered Optimistic. This study also focuses the analysis of correlations between all the subscales, as well as analysis of the influence of socio-demographic variables on other variables in the analysis.
Gomes, Ana Neto Branquinho Assis. "Effects of a psychological inoculation video on helplessness-hopelessness and implicit optimism levels in breast cancer patients." Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2761.
Full textHelplessness-hopelessness (HH) and optimism are psychological variables which have been suggested as influential factors regarding survival rates and prognosis in cancer patients. Psychological inoculation (PI) is a cognitive method that uses the consecutive rejection of challenging sentences as a tool to destroy cognitive barriers. This study aimed to understand whether the exposure to a video simulating a PI session was able to increase implicit optimism levels and lower HH levels in breast cancer patients, when compared to the effects of a video simulating a supportive listening (SL) session. The sample for this study was composed of 83 Portuguese breast cancer patients. At baseline HH levels were assessed using the Portuguese version of the mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale, whereas implicit optimism levels were assessed through word puzzle tasks. Participants were then randomly assigned to be exposed to either a video simulating a PI session or a video simulating a SL session. HH and implicit optimism levels were assessed again after the intervention. Results showed that the PI video had a significant effect in increasing implicit optimism levels in the intervention group, whereas the SL video significantly reduced HH levels in the control group. If replicated with direct interventions and longer follow-ups, this study could be a useful tool in finding an effective intervention to improve psychological conditions and perhaps prognosis in breast cancer patients.
RESUMO: Desânimo-fraqueza e optimismo são variáveis psicológicas que têm sido referidas como factores influentes nas taxas de sobrevivência e prognóstico de pacientes oncológicos. Inoculação psicológica é um método cognitivo que usa a rejeição consecutiva de frases desafiantes como ferramenta na destruição de barreiras cognitivas. Este estudo pretende compreender se a exposição a um vídeo que simula uma sessão de inoculação psicológica aumenta os níveis de optimismo implícito e diminui os níveis de desânimo-fraqueza em pacientes de cancro da mama, quando comparado com os efeitos de um vídeo que simula uma sessão de escuta compreensiva. A amostra para este estudo foi composta por 83 pacientes de cancro da mama portuguesas. Antes da intervenção os níveis de desânimo-fraqueza foram medidos através da Escala Reduzida de Ajustamento Mental ao Cancro, e os níveis de optimismo foram aferidos através de puzzles de palavras. Os participantes foram depois aleatoriamente expostos a um de dois vídeos, um simulando uma sessão de inoculação psicológica e outro simulando uma sessão de escuta compreensiva. Os níveis de desânimo-fraqueza e de optimismo implícito foram medidos novamente após a intervenção. Os resultados demonstram que o vídeo de inoculação psicológica teve um efeito significativo no aumento dos níveis de optimismo no grupo experimental, enquanto o vídeo de escuta compreensiva reduziu significativamente os níveis de desânimo-fraqueza no grupo de controlo. Se replicado utilizando intervenções directas e tempos de acompanhamento mais prolongados, este estudo poderá ser uma ferramenta útil no encontro de uma intervenção eficaz na melhoria das condições psicológicas e até de prognóstico de pacientes de cancro da mama.
Damar, Heleni, and Viktoria Olsson. "Smärta, kön och optimism : Förklarande faktorer för smärtupplevelse och smärttolerans." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-54832.
Full textSartin, Marcus Clifton. "Exploratory Factor Analysis: The Significance of Trust in a Revised Principal Academic Optimism Scale." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78905.
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Al, Nima Ali. "RELATIONEN MELLAN SUBJEKTIVT VÄLBEFINNANDE, COPINGSTRATEGIER OCH OPTIMISM BLAND HÖGSKOLESTUDENTER." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-6049.
Full textMcAuliffe, Christine. "Optimism and loss the experiences of children in foster care /." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1166033063.
Full textDavis, Mary. "THE RELATION BETWEEN OPTIMISM AND JOB PERFORMANCE: AN APPLIED SETTING." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3819.
Full textM.S.
Department of Psychology
Sciences
Psychology
Bryant, Danielle Louise. "Developing optimism : a cognitive-behavioural intervention to reduce stress." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7904.
Full textKeivom-Lockhart, Jaiselmer. "The Relationship between Situational Optimism/Pessimism and Donating Intentions." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7643.
Full textKarlsson, Magdalena, and Jessica Segerbrant. "Orealistisk optimism och upplevd kontroll : Studenters bedömningar av risker." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-8321.
Full textTidigare forskning har visat att människor överskattar chanserna för att positiva händelser ska inträffa dem och underskattar riskerna för att negativa händelser ska inträffa dem jämfört med genomsnittet. Detta kallas orealistisk optimism (OO). En faktor som påverkar detta är grad av upplevd kontroll. Studiens huvudsakliga syfte var att undersöka sambanden mellan upplevd kontroll och OO. I en enkätstudie undersöktes OO och upplevd kontroll för diverse händelser. Deltagarna fick t ex svara på hur sannolikt det är att de utsattes för vissa händelser jämfört med genomsnittet. Händelserna var bl a hälsorelaterade. Deltagarna var studenter från en högskola i Mellansverige, 18 män och 109 kvinnor. OO uppstod för alla händelser utom två. Det fanns vissa samband mellan OO och upplevd kontroll. Nytt med studien är att vissa händelser som i tidigare undersökningar skattats som okontrollerbara i själva verket kan upplevas som delvis kontrollerbara. Sambanden mellan OO och upplevd kontroll bör vidare undersökas.
Russell, Paul. "Carer responses to challenging behaviour : the role of optimism." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423986.
Full textBalasuriya, Jiayi Wang. "An empirical analysis of financial optimism and portfolio choice." Thesis, City University London, 2012. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/11870/.
Full textRichardson, Matthew. "Investigation of over-fitting and optimism in prognostic models." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/754/.
Full textKlarén, Anton. "Dispositional optimism and attentional bias to happy facial expressions." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15528.
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