Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Optimisations globale et locale'
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Krémé, Ama Marina. "Modification locale et consistance globale dans le plan temps-fréquence." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0340.
Full textNowadays, it has become easy to edit images, such as blurring an area, or changing it to hide or add an object, a person, etc. Image editing is one of the basic tools of most image processing software. In the context of audio signals, it is often more natural to perform such an editing in a transformed domain, in particular the time-frequency domain. Again, this is a fairly common practice, but not necessarily based on sound theoretical arguments. Application cases include the restoration of regions of the time-frequency plane where information has been lost (e.g. phase information), the reconstruction of a degraded signal by an additive perturbation well localized in the time-frequency plane, or the separation of signals localized in different regions of the time-frequency plane. In this thesis, we propose and develop theoretical and algorithmic methods to solve this issue. We first formulate the problem as a missing data reconstruction problem in which the missing data are only the phases of the time-frequency coefficients. We formulate it mathematically, then we propose three methods to solve it. Secondly, we propose an approach that consists in attenuating a source of degradation with the assumption that it is localized in a specific region of the time-frequency plane. We consider the case where the signal of interest is perturbed by an additive signal and has an energy that is more widely spread in the time-frequency plane. We formulate it as an optimization problem designed to attenuate the perturbation with precise control of the level of attenuation. We obtain the exact solution of the problem which involves operators called Gabor multipliers
Bergounioux, Marie. "Analyse de sensibilité d'un problème paramétré en optimisation : étude globale et locale des variations d'une solution." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10126.
Full textBompard, Manuel. "MODÈLES DE SUBSTITUTION POUR L'OPTIMISATION GLOBALE DE FORME EN AÉRODYNAMIQUE ET MÉTHODE LOCALE SANS PARAMÉTRISATION." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771799.
Full textLê, Thi Hoai An. "Analyse numérique des algorithmes de l'optimisation D. C. . Approches locale et globale. Codes et simulations numériques en grande dimension. Applications." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES047.
Full textSaharidis, Georgios K. "Pilotage de production à moyen et à court terme : contribution aux problématiques d'optimisation globale vs locale et à l' ordonnancement dans les raffineries." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECAP1021.
Full textIn the first part of this work, we are interested in the problem of optimal control production in a medium term supply chain of two stages. The objective is to understand, what is the gain of global optimisation in contrast to local. We evaluate the behaviour of our system within two different types of demand. The models are formulated using tools from mathematical programming and from queuing theory. Many analyses are carried out, in order to define the behaviour of each model. These analyses enable a comparison between the models and help us identify the true superiority of global optimisation. In the second part, we examine the problem production scheduling, which is applied in the petrochemical industry. We study the problem of scheduling the loading and unloading of tanks and the scheduling of crude oil to the refinery. The objective here is to minimise the set up cost of the tanks. We propose a general model, which takes into consideration all the different types of blending preparation and the different options of distillation of the crude oil. We give the different methods we have developed in order to improve the performance of our models. We present a series of valid inequalities for the scheduling of crude oil, a new process of multi-generation of cuts in Benders' decomposition algorithm and a general comparison among all the methods studied. Keywords: Optimal control, planning, flow control, global vs local optimisation, scheduling of crude oil, mathematical programming, queuing theory, Benders decomposition
Saharidis, Georgios. "Pilotage de production à moyen et à court terme : contribution aux problématiques d'optimisation globale vs locale et à l'ordonnancement dans les raffineries." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00182465.
Full textDans la première partie de ce travail, nous nous intéressons au pilotage optimal de production à moyen terme d'une chaîne logistique à deux étages. Notre objectif est de savoir quel est le bénéfice d'une optimisation globale par rapport à l'optimisation locale. Nous étudions le comportement du système pour deux types de demande (déterministe/stochastique) et par rapport aux deux types d'optimisation. La modélisation est faite à l'aide des outils de la programmation mathématique et de la théorie des files d'attente. Plusieurs analyses ont été réalisées pour pouvoir définir le comportement de chaque modèle afin de pouvoir les
comparer.
Dans la deuxième partie, nous considérons le problème d'optimisation de la production à court terme appliqué à une raffinerie pétrolière. Nous nous intéressons à l'ordonnancement des activités de chargement/déchargement du pétrole brut dans les réservoirs de stockage en ayant comme objectif la minimisation du coût de reconfiguration. Nous présentons une modélisation générique qui tient compte de tous les modes de préparation de mélanges et des différentes options de distillation. Nous donnons les différentes méthodes développées pour améliorer l'efficacité de la résolution ainsi qu'une nouvelle extension sur la méthode de décomposition de Benders. Nous terminons en comparant les différentes méthodes en terme de critères de qualité de la solution obtenue et du temps de résolution.
Peyronne, Clément. "Modélisation mathématique et résolution automatique de conflits par algorithmes génétiques et par optimisation locale continue." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00855296.
Full textMenard, Corentin. "Imagerie ultrasonore dans des aciers anisotropes dont les propriétés élastiques sont incertaines : application au contrôle des assemblages soudés du domaine nucléaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG027.
Full textIn non-destructive ultrasound testing, the quality of the imaging relies on the adequacy between a direct model of elastic wave propagation and the propagation in the physical medium. This is particularly the case for anisotropic structures, such as nuclear-domain welds, for which not knowing the anisotropy at the time of inspection can lead to severly degraded and unusable images. This degradation is all the more marked as the anisotropy of a weld is highly inhomogeneous, due to the dendritic growth of the material during its cooling. The reliability of an array imaging diagnosis therefore requires a good knowledge on the material at the time of inspection.In this thesis, an adaptive method based on an optimization procedure is studied in order to improve the imaging in nuclear anisotropic welds. We are especially interested in TFM (Total Focusing Method) imaging, whose acquisition principle does not rely on any foreknowledge on the material properties. In the optimization procedure, a first image is computed with an isotropic reconstruction model. If the image shows an indication above the noise level, an optimization algorithm iterates image computations by varying the parameters of the model that describes the structure, until the amplitude of the echo of concern is maximized. The optimization is statistically validated with simulated data, using machine learning tools to speed up computation times. This method is also evaluated experimentally on different welds of increasing complexity. In each case, the procedure produces an image with a high level of signal-to-noise ratio, while minimizing the defect localization error
Schmit, Francis. "Approches mécaniques globale et locale de la rupture de polycarbonate." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECAP0125.
Full textNait, Ouhra Abdessamad. "Dynamique, rhéologie globale et locale des vésicules et globules rouges en microcirculation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY069.
Full textThe rheology and dynamics of red blood cells (RBCs) under confined flows (simple shear and Poiseuille flows), are studied in the Stokes limit. We numerically investigated the rheology of a suspension of RBCs under shear flow in a confined geometry using bounday integral method. We show that the suspension can exhibit both shear-thinning and shear-thickening behavior depending on viscosity contrast between the encapsulated fluid and the suspending one. We provide an appealing interpretation of these behaviors providing a link between microdynamics and global rheology. In the second study, we found that, by increasing the internal viscosity of the suspended entity, the final position can be off-centered, a solution that may either coexist (saddle node bifurcation) or not (pitchfork bifurcation) with the centered solution. These results are somewhat surprising given the general belief that flexible particles tend to migrate away from solid boundaries in shear flow. This novel scenario strongly affects rheological properties of dilute as well as concentrated RBC suspensions.In the last part of this thesis, we focused on the local rheology of RBC suspension. A universal law is discovered: the local viscosity and the relation between stress and strain rate can be well described as a function of the local concentration only, independently of the channel's width within which the suspension flow takes place or the global concentration of the suspension
Chaumat, Hélène. "Hydrodynamique locale et globale d'une colonne à bulles en conditions industrielles." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT017G.
Full textIn order to extend the present knowledge of gas-liquid contactor to industrial applications, this study deals with global and local characterization of the complex flow encountered in bubble colurnn working with solvents, at high flow rates and with partition plates. The measurement of local hydrodynamic needs first the elaboration and the validation of a methodology which allows the use of an optical bi-probe in complex flows. The related experimental study provides on the first hand data on axial and radial evolutions of local characteristics in solvent (gas hold-up, velocity and diameter) and on the other hand effects of media, liquid throughput and partition plates. As the knowledge of gas-liquid dispersion isn’t sufficient to anticipate the efficiency of an industrial reactor, the gas-liquid mass transfer is estimated. For this purpose, an original approach, based on a steady state study of nitrogen desorption with carbon dioxide, is proposed
Kantidis, Emmanuel. "Rupture fragile intergranulaire d'un acier faiblement allié : approches globale et locale /." Gif-sur-Yvette : Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356268930.
Full textSouvestre, Florent. "Mesure laser de trajectoire par décomposition de la mesure locale et globale." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647234.
Full textNguyen, Viet Tung. "Modélisation globale et locale des structures multicouches par éléments finis de plaque." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001003.
Full textGeffroy, Arthur. "Contribution a l'étude locale et globale de l'enveloppe convexe d'un échantillon aléatoire." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES017.
Full textBendjaballah-Lalaoui, Nadia. "Hydrodynamique globale et locale dans un réacteur à gazosiphon à recirculation externe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL078N.
Full textBen, Hadj Hamouda Hédi. "Endommagement et fissuration en fluage de polyéthylènes extrudes : approche locale - approche globale." ENSMP, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENMP0889.
Full textLerisson, Gaétan. "Stabilité d'une onde de gravité interne, analyse locale, globale et croissance transitoire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX017/document.
Full textInternal gravity waves that exist in a continuously stratified fluid are particularly important in the ocean. They transport energy and are thought to generate turbulent mixing, which contribute to the deep ocean circulation.We generate an internal wave beam that propagates in a continuously stratified fluid with direct numerical simulations. This situation is equivalent to a tidal wave, where the tidal flow oscillates over a topography and generates a wave. Experimental results obtained by cite{Bourget13} are recovered, ie. the beam destabilizes into a small scale mode. We consider the effect of an horizontal mean flow on the instability and lower the forcing frequency in order to compensate for the doppler effect and to keep locally the same wave. A limit case appears when the forcing becomes stationary. This case is equivalent to a lee wave appearing when a stratified fluid flows over a topography.For small mean flow, small scale instabilities develop as in the tidal case. The beam then stabilizes at intermediate mean flows and destabilizes again for increasing flow speed. At this second threshold, down to the lee wave case, the instability is of much larger scale than for the tidal case. Varying the Reynolds number, the Froude number, the wave angle or the beam size doesn't affect the instability scale selection : a small scale instability in the tidal regime, and large scale instability in the lee regime.We show that the instability mechanism may be interpreted using the triadic instability. Scale selection corresponds to different branches of triadic resonance. We confirm the presence of a stability region for intermediate value of the mean advection velocity by computing the linear eigenmode as Floquet mode with an Arnoldi-Krylov technique and show that the leading eigenmode has a negative growth rate.In the lee wave, case the flow is unstable and a selective frequency damping method cite{Akervik06} is used to compute a steady base flow. We then implement a linear direct-adjoint method to compute the optimal perturbations that maximizes the total energy at different time horizons. At short time horizon, the optimal perturbation is small scale while at large time the perturbation switches to a large scale solution and converges to the large scale mode observed through the nonlinear simulations. Short time transients correspond to the small scale triadic instability advected by the flow whereas the long time large scale instability corresponds to large scale branch of the triadic instability that is able to sustain the flow.We propose an interpretation of the selection of these different instabilities in term of absolute and convective instability. In the case of the lee wave, the large scale instability is absolute whereas the small scale instability is convective (and dominates the short time transient growth because it has a larger local growth rate). When the mean flow is varied, the properties of small scale and large scale instabilities exchange: in the tidal case the short scale instability is absolute and the large scale convective. This conjecture is confirmed by computing the impulse response around a plane monochromatic internal gravity wave in an extended two dimensional periodic domain. The spatio temporal evolution of a perturbation localized in space and time points out the formation of three different wave packets corresponding to different branches of triadic instability. Using the triadic theory with finite detuning cite{McEwan77},we derive the group velocity at the maximum growth rate of the three different branches of triadic instability and find a good agreement with the velocity of the three wave paquet maxima in the impulse response. Analyzing the impulse response along rays, i.e. at x/t and z/tconstant, we compute the absolute growth rate along all possible rays and validate our conjecture
Virrion, Anne. "Théorèmes de dualité locale et globale dans la théorie arithmétique des D-modules." Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN1A002.
Full textSmidtas, Serge. "Modélisation et analyse, globale et locale, de réseaux d'interactions biologiques hétérogènes (RIBH) appliqué à la Levure." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607179.
Full textSmidtas, Serge. "Modélisation et analyse, globale et locale, de réseaux d’interactions biologiques hétérogènes (RIBH) appliqué à la Levure." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EVRY0024.
Full textThis work studies biological in silico networks. It assess the question of integration, formalism and model of biological networks and subnetworks. First, an integration tool called Cyclone was developed to simplify the access and analyse biological information of the Biocyc database. Then, a graph model framework to analyse heterogeneous networks, MIB (for Biological Interaction Model) is presented. Finally, on one hand, these methods were used to study how subnetworks were linked together and to study network motifs in larger networks, and on the other hand, to study and model the metabolic pathway of galactose in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that includes a heterogeneous feedback loop made of protein-protein interaction and transcriptional regulation
Bentifraouine, Chafaa. "Hydrodynamique globale, locale et transfert de matière dans un réacteur airlift à boucle externe." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT012G.
Full textBOUCHARD, CHARLES. "Sechage d'un vernis polymere : analyse globale du procede industriel et description locale du film." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066775.
Full textEidems, Judith. "La standardisation globale et l'adaptation locale dans la gestion des ressources humaines internationales : une analyse théorique et empirique sur la base de la Dynamic Capabilities Perspectives." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100072.
Full textThe thesis entitled „Global standardisation and local adaptation in the international Human Resource Management – A theoretical and empirical analysis based on the Dynamic Capabilities perspective” focuses on strategic processes within multinational enterprises which cause a adequate balance in international Human Resource Management (HRM). „Stated in terms of a number of questions, strategy process is concerned with the how, who and when of strategy: how is, and should, strategy be made, analyzed, dreamt-up, formulated, implemented, changed and controlled; who is involved; and when do the necessary activities take place?” (De Wit & Meyer, 2004, 5). The relevance of this research subject is a consequence of the advancing globalization of the global economy, in which more and more companies standardise HRM instruments across regions and countries (see for example Wittig-Goetz, 2009; Dowling, Festing & Engle, 2008; Engle & Mendenhall, 2004; CIPD, 2001) and due to a lack of scientific insights about this process dimension (Dickmann & Müller-Camen, 2004; Morris, Snell & Wright, 2006). Dickmann/Müller-Camen (2006, 581) point out that „ […] there is a need to look at communication and coordination processes […] within IHRM. […] the precise international communication and coordination instruments and activities within the international HR function of MNCs are not fully researched, yet”. The thesis tries to find answers to the following questions: • What factors prompt multinationals to standardise their HRM practices and instruments at a global level? • Which causal relationships can be identified within these processes which support the development of an adequate balance between globally standardised and locally adapted HRM? • To what extent can these postulated causal relationships be proven empirically? • What research and practical implications can be generated?In order to answer these research questions the author chose a comprehensive approach. Based on the theoretical assumptions of the Dynamic Capabilities Perspective (Teece, Pisano & Shuen, 1997; Eisenhardt & Martin, 2000) a process model (based on De Wit & Meyer, 2004, S. 5) is developed, which helps explain the content of and the causal relationships within these balancing processes in international HRM. This 4-step-process model as developed by the author is predicated on the central relationships between processes, critical resource bundles and the creation of competitive advantages (see also Barney, 1991; Wernerfelt, 1984)
Yoda, Abdoulaye. "Cohérence locale, coordination globale et modèle dyadique : études développementales du raisonnement sériel et catégorique chez l'enfant et l'adulte." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA083737.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to show that compatibility paradigm is different from deductive paradigm, but is not a new one in the area of syllogistic reasoning. Formal reasoning emerging from 11-12 to 15 years old, resolution of compatibility paradigm depends on constructions of the representational systems - analogical vs propositional. Young children will fail to the deductive process in compatibility paradigm but can give a judgement like older ones. The two kinds of mechanisms have to be specified. Because in relational children, deductive process is a serial schematic organisation fact, deductive problem will be facilitated. The genetic hypothesis implies the precision of semantic facts in categorical syllogisms that underly their comprehension. We hypothetize the coordination mechanism, but erroneous responses in compatibility paradigm. Simple judgement methodology is replaced by verbalisation and analysis of relational elimination. 3 experiences are done using linear and categorical syllogisms with 2 conditions in each one. In the first one, subjects resolve deductive items then compatibility one, the second one reverses this order. 80 children (9-10 and 12-13) participated to the first experience with concret objects in linear syllogisms, 80 students to the second one in linear syllogisms but with abstract content, 60 schoolers (15-16 and 19-20) to the third one with categorical syllogisms. As expected, in experience 1, 9-10 years old children rejected the information in compatibility paradigm, coordination mechanisms was the 12-13 years olds' ability. Young children fail to the undecidability items (40 and 63%). The second experience confirms the facility of deduction for specific problems: 97 % in deductive paradigm and 90% in compatibility. Experience 3 showed that 45 % of the 15-16 fail to the coordination process, the older ones composed premises but made a lot of bias. These results reveal methodological bias. An alternative approach (Bideaud and Houdé 1991, Houdé 1995) which focuses on inhibitory control of attention can explain the results. Hence, younger children who rejected premises in compatibility paradigm control in memory one premise only (activation and empirical knowledge) while older ones control 2 (inhibition of empirical knowledge) but fail to inhibit pragmatic knowledge parallely activated
Galicia, Aguilar Gonzalo. "Etude par spectroscopie d'impédance globale et locale de la corrosion du magnésium et des alliages de magnésium AZ91." Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01378620.
Full textWe have studied the microstructure influence on the corrosion behavior of two kinds of AZ91 magnesium alloy. The same qualitative electrochemical response has been explained taking into account that electrochemical techniques used (chronopotentiometry, voltametry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) involve a global answer of the whole surface metal. To overcome this problem, local electrochemical techniques have been used particularly local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In order to carry out local electrochemical measurements, a home-made probe has been developed in our laboratory. The local electrochemical impedance diagrams and global impedance diagrams obtained for pure magnesium and for AZ91 alloy presented the same shape as a function of electrolyte type, concentration, pH and immersion time. Thus, it was assumed that the magnesium matrix of the magnesium alloys corrodes first. The experimental results obtained with the SECM technique shown that the metallic surface is cover by a partially protector film. From global and local electrochemical results a kinetic model was proposed to explain the corrosion process of magnesium pure and its alloys
Mundheri, Mohammed H. al. "Approches globale et locale de la rupture fragile et ductile d'aciers faiblement alliés (16 MND5) influence de l'irradiation." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599920b.
Full textBenkrid, Karima. "Étude globale et locale de l'hydrodynamique des écoulements gaz-liquide dans les réacteurs à lit fixe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL027N.
Full textStein, Shiromoto Humberto. "Stabilisation sous contraintes locales et globales." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023554.
Full textOuakrim, Youssef. "Classification de sujets asymptomatiques et gonarthrosiques en fonction des données cinématiques comparaison de l'approche globale et de l'approche locale." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2011. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/933/1/OUAKRIM_Youssef.pdf.
Full textMundheri, Mohammed H. al. "Approches globale et locale de la rupture fragile et ductile d'aciers faiblement alliés (16 MND 5) : influence de l'irradiation." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112113.
Full textGuidault, Pierre-Alain. "Une stratégie de calcul pour les structures fissurées : Analyse locale-globale et approche multiéchelle pour la fissuration." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160509.
Full textMoummi, Abdelhafid. "Etude globale et locale du rôle de la géométrie dans l'optimisation des capteurs solaires plans à air." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/3e717f2f-e09a-4b1a-af50-e618b869f5dc.
Full textRENEVEY, STEPHANE. "Approches globale et locale de la rupture dans le domaine de transition fragile-ductile d'un acier faiblement allie." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112249.
Full textCafieri, Sonia. "From local to global and back : a closed walk in mathematical programming and its applications." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979273.
Full textBensussan, Philippe. "Approches mécaniques globale et locale de l'amorçage et de la propagation de fissures par fluage dans l'alliage léger aluminium-cuivre 2219." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112360.
Full textAn experimental and theoretical study of creep crack initiation and growth in 2219 aluminum-copper allow at 150-200°C is presented. The application of “Global Approach” methodologies based on elasto-viscoplastic fracture mechanics concepts has led to the introduction of load parameters such as K, J, C*… in order to establish eventual unique correlations with the times to initiation and the crack growth rates. These approaches are shown to be of very limited practical use since fracture mechanics cannot provide unique correlations in all the stages of creep cracking. “Local Approach” methodologies have thus been extended to creep cracking. These latter methodologies rely on damage models, on the one hand, and ion crack tip stress and strain fields, on the other hand. The application of local approach methodologies is clearly shown to be very promising, although additional tests and finite element simulations must be performed, on round notched specimens for example, in order to determine multiaxial constitutive and damage laws
Bensussan, Philippe. "Approches mécaniques globale et locale de l'amorçage et de la propagation de fissures par fluage dans l'alliage léger aluminium-cuivre 2219." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595942p.
Full textTran, Anh Tuan. "Etude du délaminage en mode II de composites unidirectionnels soumis à des sollicitations rapides : approche globale et approche locale." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00608858.
Full textNaderifar, Abbas. "Étude expérimentale locale et globale du transfert de matière liquide/solide à la paroi d'un réacteur à lit fixe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL149N.
Full textMontagne, Christophe. "Apports de la couleur en vision : Application à la localisation locale et globale d'une base mobile d'aide aux handicapés." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EVRY0022.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study and the evaluation of the use of color versus grey levels in digital image processing. In-door mobile robot localization is the application field through a disabled people aid system. An accurate localization includes segment extraction from image: analysis of the segments leads to the evaluation of various color axes and spaces. It includes also pairing of segments from stereoscopic images. Color parameters are proposed: the homogeneity and the inter-colors distance in the vicinity of the segments. Parameters are calculated on a color axis chosen by use of an original color quantization method based on the baker's transformation (BT). The BT permits to reduce the number of colors while keeping the visual aspect of an image. A second localization identifies the place and the orientation of the robot. It is based on a color invariant resulting from the BT which is used to find within a database the image corresponding to the image taken by the system
Gabelle, Jean-christophe. "Analyse locale et globale de l'hydrodynamique et du transfert de matière dans des fluides à rhéologie complexe caractéristiques des milieux de fermentation." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0023/document.
Full textEthanol made from cellulosic biomass is recognized as a promising substitute for fossil fuel and thus as a way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To be competitive, low cost cellulosic enzymes produced by the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei are required. At high biomass concentration, the culture broth becomes so highly shear-thinning that mixing and mass transfer limitations may be encountered when the process is scaled up.In this study, we propose to complete data available in the literature for mixing times, power draw, and mass transfer (local and global) with measurements at several scales in model fluids (shear thinning) that mimic the rheology of biological media. Models and correlations that derive from this work can be used directly for industrial fermentor design. In order to study mixing, local shear rate and turbulence in detail, PIV is performed in transparent model fluids. The refined hydrodynamic characterisation relies on the dissociation of instantaneous velocity by means of the POD method. The change of key parameters with operating conditions gives relevant information for the scale-up of shear-sensitive micro-organisms
Sayarh, Hassan. "Contribution de l'analyse de données à l'étude locale et globale de signaux multidimensionnels : application à l'analyse des systèmes homme-machine." Valenciennes, 1991. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/c0dcf461-d0f2-4b88-af6d-7d4630d7befd.
Full textDoghraji, Salma. "Caractérisation de la géométrie locale et globale de textures directionnelles par reconstruction d'hypersurfaces et transformations d'espace : application à l'analyse stratigraphique des images sismiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0814/document.
Full textDirectional textures are the particular class of textured images representing hypersurfaces (dermal lines, material fibers, seismic horizons, etc.). For this type of textures, the reconstruction of hypersurfaces describes their geometry and structure. From the preliminary estimation of the orientation field, reconstructions can be obtained by means of the minimization of a partial differential equation under constraints, linearized and iteratively resolved in the Fourier domain.In this work, the reconstructions of hypersurfaces are considered as means of description both upstream and downstream of the geometry of the directional textures. In an upstream approach, the reconstruction of local and dense streams of hypersurfaces leads to a spatial transformation model to locally unfold the texture or its gradient field and to improve the estimation of the orientation field compared with the classic tensor structure. In a downstream approach, reconstructions of hypersurfaces carried out on any polygonal supports, either isolated or imbricated, lead to more accurate reconstructions than existing methods. The proposed approaches implement chains of conformal space transformations (transformation of Schwarz-Christoffel, Möbius, etc.) in order to respect the constraints and to access fast PDE solution schemes
Al, Rassis Ahmade. "Contribution à l'étude de la déchirure ductile à chaud dans les joints soudés et modélisation numérique en approche globale et en approche locale." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10196.
Full textAmeur, Gabsi. "Etude expérimentale de l'endommagement ductile à grande vitesses de déformation par l'approche locale et globale : application au cas de l'acier 30NCD16." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2035.
Full textBouget, David. "Détection en temps-réel des outils chirurgicaux dans des vidéos 2D de neurochirurgie par modélisation de forme globale et d'apparence locale." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B006/document.
Full textDespite modern-life technological advances and tremendous progress made in surgical techniques including MIS, today's OR is facing many challenges remaining yet to be addressed. The development of CAS systems integrating the SPM methodology was born as a response from the medical community, with the long-term objective to create surgical cockpit systems. Being able to identify surgical tools in use is a key component for systems relying on the SPM methodology. Towards that end, this thesis work has focused on real-time surgical tool detection from microscope 2D images. From the review of the literature, no validation data-sets have been elected as benchmarks by the community. In addition, the neurosurgical context has been addressed only once. As such, the first contribution of this thesis work consisted in the creation of a new surgical tool data-set, made freely available online. Two methods have been proposed to tackle the surgical tool detection challenge. First, the adapted SquaresChnFtrs, evolution of one of the best computer vision state-of-the-art approach for pedestrian detection. Our second contribution, the ShapeDetector, is fully data-driven and performs detection without the use of prior knowledge regarding the number, shape, and position of tools in the image. Compared to previous works, we chose to represent candidate detections with bounding polygons instead of bounding boxes, hence providing more fitting results. For integration into medical systems, we performed different code optimization through CPU and GPU use. Speed gain and accuracy loss from the use of ad-hoc optimization strategies have been thoroughly quantified to find an optimal trade-off between speed and accuracy. Our ShapeDetector is running in-between 5 and 8Hz for 612x480 pixel video sequences.We validated our approaches using a detailed methodology covering the overall tool location, tip position, and orientation. Approaches have been compared and ranked conjointly with a set of competitive baselines. For suction tube detections, we achieved a 15% miss-rate at 0.1 FPPI, compared to a 55% miss-rate for the adapted SquaresChnFtrs. Future works should be directed toward the integration of 3D feature extraction to improve detection performance but also toward the refinement of the semantic labelling step. Coupling the tool detection task to the tool classification in one single framework should be further investigated. Finally, increasing the data-set in diversity, number of tool classes, and detail of annotations is of interest
Bourgeat, Johan. "Etude du thyristor en technologies CMOS avancées pour implémentation dans des stratégies locale et globale de protection contre les décharges électrostatiques." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/5671/.
Full textThe research work presented in this thesis addresses the issues related to the protection against electrostatic discharges (ESD) of integrated circuits in advanced technology nodes, CMOS45nm and CMOS32nm. The lithography dimension shrinking and the introduction of new technological process steps contribute to increase the ESD sensitivity. Excellent IC environment control together with the addition of dedicated protection circuits enable to decrease ESD failures. Thus, this research work consists to propose new protections based on the use of silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) devices. For that reason, a thorough study of the SCR behavior during ESD events has been carried out using three-dimensional TCAD simulations. This study enables the optimization of the main SCR parameters to improve its performance. To allow the SCR utilization as a local ESD protection with a power IO, a trigger circuit has been studied and firstly validated in CMOS45nm technology. Then, the trigger circuit optimization has been realized with SPICE simulations. The full protection has been developed in CMOS32nm and improved with bidirectional SCR (Triac). Finally, a new global protection strategy based on one network of three bidirectional SCRs, called "Beta-Matrix" has been investigated. A first study is focused on the development of its trigger circuit and a second one on the optimization of the "Beta-Matrix" topology. This protection strategy has been fully validated in CMOS32nm node
Ferrari, Jean Vicente. "Etude de la corrosion localisée de l'alliage d'aluminium 7475 T621 par spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique globale et locale en milieu sulfate de sodium." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066287.
Full textGarcia, Cortes Daniel Ajax. "Contribution à l'étude de l'hydrodynamique et du transfert de masse en réacteurs de type cuve agitée par une approche globale et locale en système gas-liquide." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT030G.
Full textBlom, Vidal Abreu Anna Maria. "Particularités de la perception visuelle du mouvement chez les enfants atteints du syndrôme de Williams et de troubles autistiques." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066237.
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