Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Optimisation par essaims de particules'
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Sun, Yanxia. "Improved particle swarm optimisation algorithms." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000395.
Full textParticle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) is based on a metaphor of social interaction such as birds flocking or fish schooling to search a space by adjusting the trajectories of individual vectors, called "particles" conceptualized as moving points in a multidimensional space. This thesis presents several algorithms/techniques to improve the PSO's global search ability. Simulation and analytical results confirm the efficiency of the proposed algorithms/techniques when compared to the other state of the art algorithms.
Lu, Yanping. "Optimisation par essaim de particules application au clustering des données de grandes dimensions." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5112.
Full textGouda, Eid Abdelbaki Ahmed. "Transmission planétaire magnétique : étude, optimisation et réalisation." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10024/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with the study, the optimisation and the realisation of a magnetic planetary transmission. We try to answer some questions about the possibility of replacing the mechanical planetary gear used in industrial machines by a magnetic planetary gear; is the formula of Willis still valid for the magnetic planetary gear and are the magnetic planetary gear performances at least similar to ones of the mechanical gears? We study the replacement of the mechanical planetary gear by a magnetic one. We show that the magnetic one has a smaller volume, lower losses and many other benefits. The objective of this work is to obtain an optimum design of a magnetic planetary gear. We use a finite element software to study the magnetic behaviour of the device and we also perform the optimization of the dimensions of the magnetic planetary gear. The particle swarm optimization method (PSO) has been used. A prototype has been built so the computation results has been compared to the experimental ones
Li, Xiaolin. "Numerical study to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of particle swarm optimization for structural damage detection of a cantilever beam." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourges, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ISAB0010.
Full textVibration-based based structural damage detection (SDD) is a typical inverse optimization problem. While the particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been used numerically or experimentally to solve this problem due to its simple concept, fast convergence, and few tuning parameters. However, there are still some drawbacks, such as premature convergence, time consumption, and inconsistent performance, which can deteriorate its damage detection results. This manuscript aims to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of particle swarm optimization (PSO) for structural damage detection (SDD). The main contributions can be summarized in three aspects. First, the two critical factors, fitness function and topology structure, which have significant impacts on the performance of the PSO in SDD, are investigated separately. Their respective simulation results in SDD of a cantilever beam verified that the ECBI-based fitness function is more favorable; the Four Cluster topology provides the best overall performance. Second, a multi-component framework is constructed and improved by combining several different PSO variants, allowing the particles to follow different search strategies in the optimization so that the advantages of each PSO variant can be exploited. In the improved version, the particles can self-regulate their search behavior based on their successful update rate in memory. Simulation results on multi-damage detection cases of the cantilever beam demonstrated the effectiveness of the framework and the superiority of the improved version. Thirdly, a two-stage approach that allows damage localization and quantification to be carried out separately was developed to address the time-consuming problem of PSO. Simulation results show that the proposed two-stage method provides faster convergence, less computation time, and better noise tolerance
El, Hami Norelislam. "Contribution aux méthodes hybrides d'optimisation heuristique : Distribution et application à l'interopérabilité des systèmes d'information." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771360.
Full textIlea, Dan. "Conception optimale des moteurs à réluctance variable à commutation électronique pour la traction des véhicules électriques légers." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794100.
Full textPeng, Zhihao. "Optimisation par essaims particulaires pour la logistique urbaine." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA010/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in the management of goods flows in urban areas, also called last mile logistics, and associated with various current issues: economic, environmental, and societal. Four main stakeholders are involved by these challenges: shippers, customers, carriers and local authorities, each with different priorities (improving service quality, minimizing the travelling distance, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, etc.). Faced with these challenges in the city, one possible action lever is to optimize the routes for the pickup and/or delivery of goods. Three types of urban flows are considered: from or to the city, and intra-urban. For outgoing and incoming flows into the city, the goods are first grouped in a warehouse located on the suburban area of the city. If there are several warehouses, the associated planning problem is the Location Routing Problem (LRP). We are studying one of its variants called the Capacitated Location Routing Problem (CLRP). In this problem, by respecting the capacity constraint on vehicles and depots, the location of depots and route planning are considered at the same time. The objective is to minimize the total cost, which consists of the cost of opening depots, the cost of using vehicles, and the cost of the travelling distance. For all flows, we are also looking to solve a Pickup and Delivery Problem (PDP), in which a fleet of vehicles simultaneously carries out pickup and delivery operations. We focus on two of its variants: the selective variant where not all requests are satisfied, in a context of paired demands and time windows on sites (Selective Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows and Paired Demands, or SPDPTWPD). The second studied variant is the extension of the first one by adding the possibility of carrying out transport in several stages by introducing operations for the exchange of goods between vehicles at transfer sites (Selective Pickup and Delivery with Transfers or SPDPT). The considered objectives for these two variants of PDP are to maximize profit and to minimize distance. Each studied problem is formally described, mathematically modelled as a linear program and then solved by exact, heuristic and/or metaheuristic methods. In particular, we have developed algorithms based on a metaheuristic called Particle Swarm Optimization, which we have hybridized with local search operators. The approaches are validated on instances of different sizes from the literature and/or on instances that we have generated. The results are critically analyzed to highlight the advantages and drawbacks of each method
Chaigne, Benoît. "Méthodes hiérarchiques pour l'optimisation géométrique de structures rayonnantes." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429366.
Full textBoudjelaba, Kamal. "Contribution à la conception des filtres bidimensionnels non récursifs en utilisant les techniques de l’intelligence artificielle : application au traitement d’images." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2015/document.
Full textThe design of finite impulse response (FIR) filters can be formulated as a non-linear optimization problem reputed to be difficult for conventional approaches. In order to optimize the design of FIR filters, we explore several stochastic methodologies capable of handling large spaces. We propose a new genetic algorithm in which some innovative concepts are introduced to improve the convergence and make its use easier for practitioners. The key point of our approach stems from the capacity of the genetic algorithm (GA) to adapt the genetic operators during the genetic life while remaining simple and easy to implement. Then, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed for FIR filter design. Finally, a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is proposed for the design of digital filters. The algorithm is composed of a pure genetic process and a dedicated local approach. Our contribution seeks to address the current challenge of democratizing the use of GAs for real optimization problems. Experiments performed with various types of filters highlight the recurrent contribution of hybridization in improving performance. The experiments also reveal the advantages of our proposal compared to more conventional filter design approaches and some reference GAs in this field of application
Bracikowski, Nicolas. "Modélisation multi-physique par modèles à constantes localisées ; application à une machine synchrone à aimants permanents en vue de son dimensionnement." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905641.
Full textAmer, Motaz. "Power consumption optimization based on controlled demand for smart home structure." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4354.
Full textThis thesis proposes a concept of power consumption optimization in smart homes based on demand side management that reposes on using Home Energy Management System (HEMS) that is able to control home appliances. The advantage of the concept is optimizing power consumption without reducing the users living comfort. An adaptive mechanism for smart home energy management system which composed of algorithms that govern the use of different types of loads in order of pre-selected priority in smart home is proposed. In addition a method for the optimization of the power generated from a Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) in order to achieve the load demand. Particle Swarm Optimization Technique (PSO) is used as optimization searching algorithm due to its advantages over other techniques for reducing the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCE) with an acceptable range of the production taking into consideration the losses between production and demand sides. The problem is defined and the objective function is introduced taking into consideration fitness values sensitivity in particle swarm process. The algorithm structure was built using MATLAB software and Arduino 1.0.5 Software. This work achieves the purpose of reducing electricity expense and clipping the Peak-toAverage Ratio (PAR). The experimental setup for the smart meter implementing HEMS is built relying on the Arduino Mega 2560 board as a main controller and a web application of URL http://www.smarthome-em.com to interface with the proposed smart meter using the Arduino WIFI Shield
Mahanfar, Alireza. "Contribution au développement de méthodes d'optimisation avancées pour la conception électromagnétique de circuits et dispositifs microondes." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/fc1e3b95-dc2d-4ba7-9b7a-c8fa46ecb1c8/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0063.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the improvement of the optimization methods classically used for the electromagnetic design of the microwave devices and circuits. The improvement are addressed mainly through two distinct approaches : - The use of parameterized electromagnetic models that enables accelerating the procedures of optimization by avoiding multiple calculations of the electromagnetic fields. The major attention is devoted to tbe parameterization of the geometry and its application to the optimization of the microwave devices. It is shown that by using geometrical parameterization, the traditionalloop of optimization can be basically modified, so that the number of required electromagnetic analyses will be minimal. The parameterization of mesh is essential for effective geometrical parameterization of an electromagnetic model: several techniques are then presented and illustrated with some examples. - The use of effective evolutionary methods to reduce the risks of divergence that happens when using gradient-based techniques. This is specifically important when there is no or a little knowledge about the initial structure dimensions and/or its topology. A new evolutionary technique, very lately introduced into the field ofelectromagnetism is the method of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The technique and its different variants are discussed in detail followed by several examples which deploys different potentials ofthis technique
Alkindy, Bassam. "Combining approaches for predicting genomic evolution." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2012/document.
Full textIn Bioinformatics, understanding how DNA molecules have evolved over time remains an open and complex problem.Algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem, but they are limited either to the evolution of a given character (forexample, a specific nucleotide), or conversely focus on large nuclear genomes (several billion base pairs ), the latter havingknown multiple recombination events - the problem is NP complete when you consider the set of all possible operationson these sequences, no solution exists at present. In this thesis, we tackle the problem of reconstruction of ancestral DNAsequences by focusing on the nucleotide chains of intermediate size, and have experienced relatively little recombinationover time: chloroplast genomes. We show that at this level the problem of the reconstruction of ancestors can be resolved,even when you consider the set of all complete chloroplast genomes currently available. We focus specifically on the orderand ancestral gene content, as well as the technical problems this raises reconstruction in the case of chloroplasts. Weshow how to obtain a prediction of the coding sequences of a quality such as to allow said reconstruction and how toobtain a phylogenetic tree in agreement with the largest number of genes, on which we can then support our back in time- the latter being finalized. These methods, combining the use of tools already available (the quality of which has beenassessed) in high performance computing, artificial intelligence and bio-statistics were applied to a collection of more than450 chloroplast genomes
Cooren, Yann Siarry Patrick. "Perfectionnement d'un algorithme adaptatif d'Optimisation par Essaim Particulaire application en génie médical et en électronique /." S. l. : Paris Est, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0494552.pdf.
Full textBoukef, Hela. "Sur l'ordonnancement d'ateliers job-shop flexibles et flow-shop en industries pharmaceutiques : optimisation par algorithmes génétiques et essaims particulaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00577101.
Full textBoukef, Hela. "Sur l’ordonnancement d’ateliers job-shop flexibles et flow-shop en industries pharmaceutiques : optimisation par algorithmes génétiques et essaims particulaires." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECLI0007/document.
Full textFor flexible job-shop and pharmaceutical flow-shop scheduling problems resolution, two optimization methods are considered: a genetic algorithm one using a new proposed coding and a particle swarm optimization one modified in order to be used in discrete cases.The criteria retained for the considered packaging lines in pharmaceutical industries multi-objective problems are production cost minimization and total stopping cost minimization. For the flexible job-shop scheduling problems treated, the criterion taken into account is Makespan minimization.These two methods have been applied to various work-shops with distinct complexities to show their efficiency.After comparison of these methods, the obtained results allowed us to notice the efficiency of the based particle swarm optimization method in terms of convergence and reaching optimal solution
Schreuders, Cornelis. "Synthèse par plasma inductif de particules nanométriques de silicium : optimisation de la trempe." Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/eaa5dec8-f4a4-4245-9423-2e6d8d1337a5/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0029.pdf.
Full textAn important step in the synthesis of nanoparticles by means of an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) process is quenching, which is the fast controlled cooling of the plasma gas. As quenching is influencing the temperature and velocity profiles, it is also affecting the particle size, size distribution, and phase composition of the product. In this work, the effect of several quench parameters, like nozzle number, nozzle diameter, quench gas flow rate, etc. , on the final particle size has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The influence of the quench and other process parameters (plate power, pressure, gas flow rates, …) on the plasma’s temperature and velocity profiles has been modelled using CFD and validated with experimental results. The particle size was modelled using a particle growth model and has been compared to results obtained from experiments with silicon. The effect of quenching on the product chemistry has been demonstrated for tungsten carbide
Matriche, Yacine. "Détection et identification d’objets enfouis par sondage électromagnétique." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT2067.
Full textThe thesis work is related to the search for solutions which may lead to the detection and location of landmines using electromagnetic methods. The bibliographical study allowed moving towards joint use of two complementary electromagnetic techniques, namely the Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) and the Electro Magnetic Induction (EMI) systems. GPR modeling is based on the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD), while that using the EMI is based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). The exploitation of one or other of the GPR and EMI follows three complementary steps. The first step is to locate suspicious objects by detecting ruptures at the EMI and/or GPR data caused by the presence of objects, using the KCD method (Kernel Change Detection). The second step deals with the characterization of the object by exploiting the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. To guarantee convergence to a global minimum, and therefore a unique solution, improving performing elements are introduced into the PSO method, concerning in particular the exploration of the particles definition space, their behavior monitoring and the speed convergence. The association of the PSO technique to FDTD and MEF methods led to the location of buried objects and determination of their geometrical and physical characteristics. The last step is to introduce the geometrical and physical data provided from the second step, in a program SVM (Support Vector Machine), for the purpose of classification of the object. The methodology was then applied to the simulation of three types of mines for their identification and classification. Real data coming from measurements led to the methodology validation
Dubreil, Hervé. "Méthodes d'optimisation de contrôleurs de logique floue pour le paramétrage automatique des réseaux mobiles UMTS." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001822.
Full textYalaoui, Naïm. "Agencement et ordonnancement d'un atelier de l'industrie automobile et aéronautique." Troyes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TROY0021.
Full textIn this thesis, we studied an industrial layout and a scheduling problem. We solved the first one using a new approach. This is done on three steps. The first one is used to group ma-chines and products into families according to their production technology for the minimization of inter-cells flows using a genetic algorithm. The machines are then assigned to positions in the second stage with consideration of their memberships families. This step aims to minimize distances between machines using for its resolution an ant colony optimisation method. The last step is an assessment by a weighted aggregation of the two previous objectives. We further studied an hybrid flow shop problem with pre assigned orders. The objective is to minimize the total tardiness. A mathematical formulation was given with an exact resolution. A genetic algorithm and a particle swarm optimisation were developed. Both methods were associated with fuzzy logic to control their parameters. Improvement as well as the quality of solutions found is very interesting. Another study was conducted on another scheduling problem with re-entrant orders. Metaheuristics such as a genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization were applied under fuzzy logic controller. The results obtained on different issues are very interesting compared to the industrial case. A computer application was also implemented on different topics
Mey, Sébastien. "Absorbeur solaire volumique haute température à propriétés optiques contrôlées." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0014/document.
Full textSolar-to-electricity power plants appear to be the most promises way for large electricity production in the future, in terms of costs as well as environmental impacts. Thus, reaching the required technology level still requires research and innovations in order to implement such power plants at large scale.In this context, volumetric solar receivers/absorbers could allow us to reach higher temperatures in comparison to surface receivers (actual concentrating solar power technology used in solar towers), leading to high efficiency thermodynamical cycles such as Brayton cycles. With the ANR-OPTISOL project, this thesis tends to give new answers on volumetric solar absorbers using ceramic foams:- Experimental studies of open pores ceramic foams used as high temperature volumetric solar absorber have been conducted at CNRS-PROMES laboratory (UPR 8521), with designed of a dedicated experiment for 5cm diameter samples operating under quasi-1D conditions submitted to concentrated solar power at the focal point of a vertical axis solar furnace;- A numerical code has been developed in order to solve coupled heat transfers in porous medium using the “equivalent homogeneous medium” hypothesis, then validated on the experimental campaigns;- Finally, an optimization algorithm has been used (“particle swarm optimization”) aiming the identification of the optimal geometrical characteristics maximizing the solar-to-thermal efficiency of ceramic foams
Madiouni, Riadh. "Contribution à la synthèse et l’optimisation multi-objectif par essaims particulaires de lois de commande robuste RST de systèmes dynamiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1053/document.
Full textThis research focuses on the systematic synthesis and optimization of digital RST structure based controllers thanks to global metaheuristics approaches. The classic and hard problems of closed-loop poles placement and sensitivity functions shaping of RST control are well formulated as constrained multi-objective problems to be solved with proposed metaheuristics algorithms NSGA-II, MODE, MOPSO and especially epsilon-MOPSO. Two formulations of the metaheuristics-tuned RST problem have been proposed. The first one, which is given in the time domain, deals with the minimization of several performance criteria like the Integral Square Error (ISE) and the Maximum Overshoot (MO) indices. These optimal criteria, related primarily to the step response of the controlled plant, are optimized under non-analytical constraints defined by temporal templates on the closed-loop dynamics. In the second approach, a formulation in the frequency domain is retained. The proposed strategy aims to optimize a desired output sensitivity function satisfying H∞ robustness constraints. The use of a suitable fixed part of the optimized output sensitivity function will provide partial pole placement of the closed-loop dynamics of the digital RST controller. The opposite of such desired sensitivity function will define the associated H∞ weighting filter. The Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) technique is particularly retained for the resolution of all formulated multi-objective RST control problems. An adaptive grid based MOPSO algorithm is firstly proposed and then improved based on the epsilon-dominance concepts. Such proposed epsilon-MOPSO algorithm, with a good diversity of the provided Pareto solutions and fast convergence time, showed a remarkable superiority compared to the standard MOPSO, NSGA-II and MODE algorithms. Performance metrics, such as generational distance, error rate and spacing, are presented for the statistical analysis of the achieved multi-optimization results. An application to the variable speed RST control of an electrical DC drive is performed, also for the RST position control of a flexible transmission plant with varying loads. Demonstrative simulations and comparisons are carried out in order to show the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed metaheuristics-based tuned RST control approach, which is formulated in the multi-objective optimization framework
Kessentini, Sameh. "Modélisation et optimisation de nanostructures plasmoniques : applications biomédicales." Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0024.
Full textThe present work deals with the modelling and optimization of the plasmonic structures: nanostructured biosensor for early disease diagnosis, and gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy. Both structures are based on interaction with light. For modelling, the electromagnetic scattering problem is therefore solved using Mie theory and discrete dipole approximation (DDA). The numerical model is extended to take into account many parameters of biosensors. Then, the validity of the model is checked through comparison to experimental results. To optimize such problems of continuous variables, the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is chosen. A plasmonic benchmark is introduced to test a set of algorithms and reveals some limitations. For this, we introduce a new memetic adaptive PSO (AMPSO) algorithm. The AMPSO is tested on a set of reference benchmark as well as the plasmonic benchmark and demonstrates its ability to find the global optimum solution rapidly. The optimization of biosensor shows that its sensitivity (given by the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy gain) can be improved six times compared with the best experimental results. The optimization of nanoparticules (maximization of light absorption) reveals, as well, improved results compared to previous studies. Moreover, the optimized nanoparticles are compared to each other. Finally, the design tolerance of these nanostructures is also discussed
Dubreil, Hervé. "Méthodes d'optimisation de contrôleurs de logique floue pour le paramétrage automatique des mobiles UMTS /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb409496371.
Full textLefrançois, Julie. "Optimisation du rendement d'une turbine multi-ailes à l'aide d'une méthode lagrangienne par particules vortex." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25539/25539.pdf.
Full textYousef, Labib. "Contribution à la résolution des problèmes de placement en trois dimensions." Thesis, Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0020/document.
Full textCutting and Packing (C&P) problems are encountered in numerous industrial domains such as transportation, logistics, reliability, and production. They appear either as standalone problems or as subproblems of more complex problems. The goal of the thesis is to investigate the use of heuristics and meta-heuristics for solving variants of cutting and packing problems. Packing spheres into an open container represents the first variant of the problem. Packing spheres into a closed container is the second variant. Finally, packing spheres into a spherical container is the third variant studied in the thesis.These variants are solved by using four solution methods. The first approach is based upon a dichotomous search and a truncated tree search (beam search). The goal is to determine the minimum length of the open container that contains all spheres without overlapping between all items. The second approach can be viewed as a modified version of the first one, for solving the same variant of the problem, where a tree search (beam search) combined with the dichotomous search and the estimate of the lower bound is proposed. Herein, the lower bound is used in order to guide the search process more efficiently where primarily the quality of the solutions is preferred. The third method is based upon the large neighborhood search combined with a continuous optimization algorithm for solving the problem of packing spheres into a close container. Starting from any configuration, the goal of the continuous optimization is to converge to a feasible solution whereas the large neighborhood search offers a diversification of the search space to enable convergence toward the solutions of best qualities. Finally, the particle swarm optimization combined with a continuous optimization algorithm is proposed to tackling the (identical) sphere packing problem into different containers
Tsafarakis, Stelios. "An integrated marketing system for the optimal product line design problem, in a competitive reaction context, based on the qualitative consumer behavior analysis." Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090056.
Full textSalmon, Sébastien. "Caractérisation, identification et optimisation des systèmes mécaniques complexes par mise en oeuvre de simulateurs hybrides matériels/logiciels." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823562.
Full textBardolle, Frédéric. "Modélisation des hydrosystèmes par approche systémique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH006/document.
Full textIn the light of current knowledge, hydrosystems cannot be modelled as a whole since underlying physical principles are not totally understood. Systemic models simplify hydrosystem representation by considering only water flows. The aim of this work is to provide a systemic modelling tool giving information about hydrosystem physical behavior while being simple and parsimonious. This model, called HMSA (for Hydrosystem Modelling with a Systemic Approach) is based on parametric transfer functions chose for their low parametrization, their general nature and their physical interpretation. It is versatile, since its architecture is modular, and the user can choose the number of inputs, outputs and transfer functions. Inversion is done with recent machine learning heuristic family, based on swarm intelligence called PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization). The model and its inversion algorithms are tested first with a textbook case, and then with a real-world case
Hachimi, Hanaa. "Hybridations d'algorithmes métaheuristiques en optimisation globale et leurs applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rouen, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAM0017.
Full textThis thesis focuses on solving single objective problems and multiobjective of mechanical and mechatronic structures. The optimization of structures is an essential process in the design of mechanical and electronic systems. Industry are not only concerned to improve the mechanical performance of the parts they design, but they also seek to optimize their weight, size and cost of production. In order to solve this problem we have used Meta heuristic algorithms robust, allowing us to minimize the cost of production of the mechanical structure and maximize the life cycle of the structure. While inappropriate methods of evolution are more difficult to apply to complex mechanical models because of exponential calculation time. It is known that genetic algorithms are very effective for NP-hard problems, but their disadvantage is the time consumption. As they are very heavy and too greedy in the sense of time, hence the idea of hybridization of our genetic algorithm optimization by particle swarm algorithm (PSO), which is faster compared to the genetic algorithm (GA). In our experience, it was noted that we have obtained an improvement of the objective function and also a great improvement for minimizing computation time. However, our hybridization is an original idea, because it is a different and new way of existing work, we explain the advantage of hybridization and are generally three methods : hybridization in series, parallel hybridization or hybridization by insertion. We opted for the insertion hybridization it is new and effective. Indeed, genetic algorithms are three main parts : the selection, crossover and mutation. In our case,we replace the operators of these mutations by particle swarm optimization. The purpose of this hybridization is to reduce the computation time and improve the optimum solution
Rupprecht, Jean-Francois. "Optimisation de processus de recherche par des marcheurs aleatoires symetriques, avec biais ou actifs." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066488/document.
Full textRandom search processes can model nuclear reactions or animal foraging. In this thesis, we identify optimal search strategies which minimize the mean first passage time (MFPT) to a target for various processes. First, for symmetric and biased Brownian particles, we compute the distribution of exit times through an opening within the boundary of angular sectors, annuli and rectangles. We conclude on the optimizability of the MFPT in terms of geometric parameters. Second, for walks that switch between volume and surface diffusions, we determine the mean exit time through an opening inside the bounding surface. Under analytical criteria, an optimal desorption rate minimizes the MFPT. We justify that this optimality is a general property through a study of the roles of the geometry, of the adsorption properties and of a bias in the bulk random walk. Third, for active walks composed of straight runs interrupted by reorientations in a random direction, we obtain the expression of the optimal reorientation rate which minimizes the MFPT to a centered spherical target within a spherical confinement, in two and three dimensions. In a last chapter, we model the motion of eukaryotic cells by active Brownian walks. We explain an experimental observation: the persistence time is exponentially coupled with the speed of the cell. We also obtain a phase diagram for each type of trajectories. This model is a first step to quantify the search efficiency of immune cells in terms of a minimal number of biological parameters
Souakri, Sonia. "Optimisation des performances d'un procédé industriel d'électrofiltration alimenté par hautes puissances pulsées." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3028/document.
Full textThe fight against air pollution is a major issue in the twenty-first century. The center of Marcouleof CEA develops different waste treatment processes by incineration / vitrification that generatecombustion gases requiring treatment. To do this, the CEA uses the electrostatic precipitation, atechnical waste gas treatment employed for thin particles filtration.This thesis is dedicated to optimizing the performance of an electrofilter supplied by high pulsedpowered. One of the goals is to size and achieve a new emissive electrode adapted to thedevelopment of a new incineration process. This new electrode coupled to its High Voltage (HV)power supply, which electrical parameters were optimized, allowed to obtain maximum filtrationefficiency during operating times in line with industrial applications. The impact of thephysicochemical characteristics of dusts on the filtration efficiency was analyzed.A specific study also focused on the evolution of different discharge conditions that develop inthe electrofilter to identify the phenomena responsible for the process efficiency fall. The intake ofthe emissive electrode and a hybrid generator, combining a continuous background voltagesuperimposed with impulses, has clearly been demonstrated by their effects on back coronainitiation and therefore on the optimal efficiency operation duration
Kemmoe, Tchomte Sylverin. "Métaheuristiques, modèles mathématiques, modèles d'évaluation de performances pour le problème d'ordonnancement de projets sous contraintes de ressources." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21757.
Full textGõni, Javier. "Les matériaux composites à matrice de cuivre renforcée par des particules de graphite : caractérisation physico-chimique et optimisation des conditions d'élaboration." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10673.
Full textSmairi, Nadia. "Optimisation par essaim particulaire : adaptation de tribes à l'optimisation multiobjectif." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981558.
Full textEl, Dor Abbas. "Perfectionnement des algorithmes d'optimisation par essaim particulaire : applications en segmentation d'images et en électronique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788961.
Full textMazhoud, Issam. "Contribution à l'optimisation en conception préliminaire de produit." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI028/document.
Full textThe optimization in product design is a high added-value activity. This is all the more important when it is performed at the early stages of the design process. The work presented in this thesis is placed in this context. It proposes adapted decision making tools in preliminary design following two criteria: whether or not the model contains functionals, and whether it takes into considerations the uncertainties. A method based on interval arithmetic and constraint propagation allowing to perform deterministic global optimization is introduced. This method allows handling optimization models without functionals and without considering uncertainties. A reformulation that permits to improve the algorithm convergence is introduced. A stochastic optimization method based on particular swarms is introduced in order to handle higher dimensional problems. A new constraint handling mechanism is introduced and tested on engineering problems. This algorithm has also been extended to design problems with ordinary differential equations constraints. In order to consider uncertainties, a robust optimization method is introduced. It combines a stochastic optimization method with an uncertainty propagation method called PoV. An extension of PoV to models involving functionals is introduced
Chaabo, Tarek. "Optimisation d'une métrologie 4D-PTV pour la caractérisation d'un écoulement turbulent à très petites échelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022CLIL0021.
Full textThe fundamental study of turbulence is of significant importance due to its dominant role in many fields of physics, engineering sciences, astrophysics, aeronautics, etc. Turbulent dissipation plays a central role in turbulent flow and is therefore an important quantity in turbulence models. With the aim of characterizing this dissipation, the present work is based on a particle tracking technique called "Shake-The Box" to measure three-dimensional velocity fields as function of time at a resolution which can approach dissipative scale. The experimental setup and processing of the Shake the Box technique have been optimized and pushed to their limits in order to improve the spatial resolution and the accuracy of the measured Lagrangian trajectories. The approach used in this thesis was based not only on experimental data but also on the synthetic PIV images based on direct numerical simulation of the Navier Stokes equations. The quantitative and qualitative investigation allows us to define the optimal parameters for our targeted application on a Giant Von Karmen flow and gives the limits of the method
Willkomm, Nancy. "Optimisation d'un antigène Gp140 d'enveloppe de VIH-1 par modifications du manteau de glycanes et expression dans un contexte de pseudo-particules." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSL0500.
Full textLachance, Étienne. "Résolution de conflits et séquençage d'avions par algorithmes évolutionnaires multiobjectifs." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/119.
Full textHassine, Hichem. "Modélisation, simulation et optimisation pour l'éco-fabrication." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0016/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the proposal and implementation of approaches for modeling sustainable manufacturing. These approaches are used to prepare and simulate a process of manufacturing products providing coupling between environmental and economic objectives.The approaches developed in this thesis are based on the concepts of decision support as well as multi-objective optimization. The decision support allows intervention in two different levels: the choice of indicator to quantify the environmental impacts and the choice of the final manufacturing scenario. For multi-objective optimization, it provides the coupling between the two main pillars of sustainable manufacturing: ecology and economy. In terms of multi criteria decision aid methods, Evamix and Promethee were applied, while particulate swarms were developed as part of the multi-objective optimization. These approaches have been applied initially to some machining operations: turning and milling. Finally, the production line of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid were the subject of application of the two approaches developed
Bimbot, Stéphane. "Optimisation par réseaux de neurones du potentiel de découverte du boson de Higgs dans le canal H ->ZZⁿ->2e⁰2e⁻ sur le détecteur CMS et étude des primitives de déclenchement du calorimètre électromagnétique." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPXX0071.
Full textChen, Linjie. "Approche générique pour la prise de décisions multi-niveaux, contribution à la gestion des systèmes de production de soins en réseau." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET4006/document.
Full textFrench healthcare system confronts the challenges of permanent increase in demand for healthcare, under heavy financial pressure. In the national healthcare strategy, a key focus is to develop a cooperation framework involving all organizations and units. These challenges require healthcare engineering to find efficiency in a more global scale, which means to integrate local optimization problems and decision tools that have generally a high degree of fragmentation in order to contribute to the overall improvement of the system. In this thesis, initiated by a shared unit-dose drug distribution system design project, a generic method was developed to solve the multi-level optimization problem in which interdependent decisions are made at different levels in a hierarchical structure, or at successive stages. The decisions made are often correlated, particularly for decisions in hierarchical topologies that we define by the term "optimal substructure with feedback". The resolution of this problem must be adapted to take into account all implications for correlated decisions. The proposed method is based on the meta-heuristic PSO, it uses a recursive procedure to define the top-down transfer of parameters and the bottom-up feedback of fitness through multiple search spaces, and ensures the consistency of global problem convergence. Our applications and analyzes have shown that this method is generic and is able to provide similar resolution performance and quality compared to the literature references
Aubry, Judicaël. "Optimisation du dimensionnement d'une chaîne de conversion électrique directe incluant un système de lissage de production par supercondensateurs : application au houlogénérateur SEAREV." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662488.
Full textLazaar, Nouhaila. "Optimisation des alimentations électriques des Data Centers." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMC206.
Full textData centers, factories housing thousands of computer servers that work permanently to exchange, store, process data and make it accessible via the Internet. With the digital sector development, their energy consumption, which is largely fossil fuel-based, has grown continuously over the last decade, posing a real threat to the environment. The use of renewable energy is a promising way to limit the ecological footprint of data centers. Nevertheless, the intermittent nature of these sources hinders their integration into a system requiring a high reliability degree. The hybridization of several technologies for green electricity production, coupled with storage devices, is currently an effective solution to this problem. As a result, this research work studies a multi-source system, integrating tidal turbines, photovoltaic panels, batteries and a hydrogen storage system to power an MW-scale data center. The main objective of this thesis is the optimization of a data center power supply, both for isolated sites and grid-connected ones. The first axis of this work is the modeling of the system components using the energetic macroscopic representation (EMR). Energy management strategy based on the frequency separation principle is first adopted to share power between storage devices with different dynamic characteristics. The second axis concerns the optimal sizing of the proposed system, in order to find the best configuration that meets the technical constraints imposed at minimum cost, using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA). Here, a rules-based energy management technique is used for simplicity and reduced computing time purposes. The last axis focuses on the energy management optimization through GA, taking into account the storage systems degradation in order to reduce their operating costs and extend their lifetime. It should be noted that each axis previously discussed has been the subject of a specific sensitivity analysis, which aims to evaluate the performance of the hybrid system under different operating conditions
Ahmed, Bacha Adda Redouane. "Localisation multi-hypothèses pour l'aide à la conduite : conception d'un filtre "réactif-coopératif"." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0051/document.
Full text“ When we use information from one source,it's plagiarism;Wen we use information from many,it's information fusion ”This work presents an innovative collaborative data fusion approach for ego-vehicle localization. This approach called the Optimized Kalman Particle Swarm (OKPS) is a data fusion and an optimized filtering method. Data fusion is made using data from a low cost GPS, INS, Odometer and a Steering wheel angle encoder. This work proved that this approach is both more appropriate and more efficient for vehicle ego-localization in degraded sensors performance and highly nonlinear situations. The most widely used vehicle localization methods are the Bayesian approaches represented by the EKF and its variants (UKF, DD1, DD2). The Bayesian methods suffer from sensitivity to noises and instability for the highly non-linear cases. Proposed for covering the Bayesian methods limitations, the Multi-hypothesis (particle based) approaches are used for ego-vehicle localization. Inspired from monte-carlo simulation methods, the Particle Filter (PF) performances are strongly dependent on computational resources. Taking advantages of existing localization techniques and integrating metaheuristic optimization benefits, the OKPS is designed to deal with vehicles high nonlinear dynamic, data noises and real time requirement. For ego-vehicle localization, especially for highly dynamic on-road maneuvers, a filter needs to be robust and reactive at the same time. The OKPS filter is a new cooperative-reactive localization algorithm inspired by dynamic Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) metaheuristic methods. It combines advantages of the PSO and two other filters: The Particle Filter (PF) and the Extended Kalman filter (EKF). The OKPS is tested using real data collected using a vehicle equipped with embedded sensors. Its performances are tested in comparison with the EKF, the PF and the Swarm Particle Filter (SPF). The SPF is an interesting particle based hybrid filter combining PSO and particle filtering advantages; It represents the first step of the OKPS development. The results show the efficiency of the OKPS for a high dynamic driving scenario with damaged and low quality GPS data
Hachimi, Hanaa. "Hybridations d'algorithmes métaheuristiques en optimisation globale et leurs applications." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905604.
Full textAubry, Judicaël. "Optimisation du dimensionnement d’une chaîne de conversion électrique directe incluant un système de lissage de production par supercondensateurs : application au houlogénérateur SEAREV." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DENS0042/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis sets forth the study of the sizing of a direct-drive electrical conversion chain for a direct wave energy converter (SEAREV). This electrical chain is made up of a permanent magnet synchronous generator attached to a pendular wheel and a power-electronic converter made up of two three-phase pulse width modulation bridge, one controlling the generator, the other allowing injecting electrical energy into the grid. In addition, an energy storage system (bank of supercapacitors) is intended to smooth the power output. The sizing of all these components needs an operating cycle optimization approach, in a system context with strong multi-physics coupling, more particularly between hydrodynamical and electromechanical parts. At first, the generator-converter set, whose role is to damp the pendular movement of an internal wheel, is optimized with a view to minimize the cost of energy (kWh production cost). This optimization, based on torque-speed operating profiles, is carried out considering a strong coupling with the wave energy converter thanks to the consideration as design variables, some relatives to the generator-converter sizing but also some relatives to the damping law of the pendular wheel. In addition, the consideration of a flux-weakening strategy, interesting to ensure a constant power operation (levelling), allows, as soon as the sizing step, to deal with the generator-converter interaction. In a second step, the rated energy capacity of the energy storage system is being optimized with a view of the minimization of its economical life-cycle cost. To do this, we define quality criteria of the power output, including one related to the flicker, and we compare three energy managment rules while taking into account the power cycling aging of the supercapacitors due to the voltage and their temperature. In a third step, from yearly sea-states data, we provide sizings of the direct-drive electrical conversion chain that are the best trades-offs in terms of total electrical produced energy and economical investment cost
Béjannin, Baptiste. "Optimisation du pilotage d’un parc diffus de ballons d'eau chaude pour la fourniture d’offres de flexibilités au réseau électrique." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM010.
Full textIn France, electric water heaters represent an important source of flexibility for the grid. This thesis stands within the scope of the deployment of innovative telecommunication solutions which aim to quickly and individually address orders to Joule or thermodynamic electric water heaters. Therefore, the approach consists in proposing a model of an electric water heater sufficiently detailed to allow an evaluation of comfort while saving the calculation resources. The model has a low unit calculation time and can be configured easily to represent the French stock in all its diversity using the French territory description databases (INSEE data). In parallel, a consumer behavior model has been developed to simulate annual hot water draws over short time steps. The behavior model, as well as the equipment, is representative of the actual stock in average, but also in their diversity. This stock is adapted to the optimization of thousands of electric water heaters to achieve flexibility objectives. In a second step, an optimization process based on the use of a metaheuristic algorithm by "particulate swarm" is implemented in order to develop strategies for optimizing the control of water heaters and to propose flexibilities to the grid while taking into account the discomfort of users. The realistic control configurations promised by the telecommunication innovations are tested for the flexibility they could provide to grid operators. Finally, the robustness of the obtained control orders with different drop-off scenarios is evaluated. All models and algorithms are integrated into Smart-E, the energy simulation tool for territories at CES
Laborde, Maxime. "Systèmes de particules en interaction, approche par flot de gradient dans l'espace de Wasserstein." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED014/document.
Full textSince 1998 and the seminal work of Jordan, Kinderlehrer and Otto, it is well known that a large class of parabolic equations can be seen as gradient flows in the Wasserstein space. This thesis is devoted to extensions of this theory to equations and systems which do not have exactly a gradient flow structure. We study different kind of couplings. First, we treat the case of nonlocal interactions in the drift. Then, we study cross diffusion systems which model congestion for several species. We are also interested in reaction-diffusion systems as diffusive prey-predator systems or tumor growth models. Finally, we introduce a new class of systems where the interaction is given by a multi-marginal transport problem. In many cases, we give numerical simulations to illustrate our theorical results