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Academic literature on the topic 'Optimisation guidée par l'expérience'
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Journal articles on the topic "Optimisation guidée par l'expérience"
Romdhane, Mariem Ben, Salma Kamoun, Faten Haddad, Asma Ben Souissi, Maroua Sboui, Abir Riahi, and Mhamed S. Mebazaa. "Optimisation hémodynamique peropératoire guidée par le doppler œsophagien au cours des urgences chirurgicales abdominales." Anesthésie & Réanimation 1 (September 2015): A232—A233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anrea.2015.07.356.
Full textFoster, W., L. Beaulieu, F. Harel, A. G. Martin, and E. Vigneault. "Le rôle de la curiethérapie prostatique guidée par imagerie 3D sur le ratio thérapeutique: l'expérience du CHU de Québec." Cancer/Radiothérapie 11, no. 8 (December 2007): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2007.09.144.
Full textЖюслен, Шарль, and Фарида Габделхаковна Майленова. "UNE ALGOLOGIE NARRATIVE." ΠΡΑΞΗMΑ. Journal of Visual Semiotics, no. 1(35) (January 31, 2023): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2312-7899-2023-1-78-90.
Full textKilani-schoch, Marianne. "Langue et culture." Anthropen, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.017.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Optimisation guidée par l'expérience"
Mossina, Luca. "Applications d'apprentissage automatique à la résolution de problèmes récurrents en optimisation combinatoire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESAE0043.
Full textThe interest is on those decision problems for which an optimal or quasi-optimal solution is sought, and for which it is necessary to solve successive instances (recurrent problems) that are variations of a common original problem.The structure of such problems is analysed to identify the characteristics that can be exploited and transferred from one resolution to another, to incrementally improve the quality of the optimization process. The research is characterized by the interaction between a process of statistical learning (from optimization data) and a process of optimization. The information extracted from past resolutions is generalized to the current problem and integrated into the optimization algorithm to make its execution more resource-efficient.In particular, this thesis presents three contributions.The first, introduces a method that generates a simpler sub-problem to an instance of a recurrent problem, using multi-label classification. A subset of decision variables is selected and set to a reference value. The solution to the remaining sub-problem, while not guaranteed to be optimal for the original problem, can be obtained faster.The second employs Supervised Learning, classification and regression, to predict an additional constraint to a reference recurrent problem modelled via Mathematical Programming. When a new instance is solved, the model predicts how much of the solution to the reference problem is still applicable, allowing for a more rapid resolution.In the third, the dynamic control of the parameters of Evolutionary Algorithms is framed as a Reinforcement Learning problem. The control policies obtained guarantee that the optimization algorithm reaches an optimal solution within the shortest, average time
Egloff-Juras, Claire. "La chirurgie carcinologique guidée par la fluorescence proche infrarouge : optimisation du marquage tumoral." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0352.
Full textThe goal of tumor surgery is the complete removal of the primary tumor with sufficient safety margins. Obtaining negative margins is essential for complete healing and it also reduces the risk of developing metastases. Currently, tumor limits are established by visual inspection, palpation and extemporaneous histological evaluation. Nevertheless, this has the disadvantage of being time-consuming and sometimes inaccurate. Fluorescence-guided surgery seems to provide answers to this problem of tumor delimitation with the disadvantage of a lack of specificity for the tumor tissue of the most used marker (indocyanine green, ICG). Moreover, different camera systems exist to guide these surgeries and it seems important to explore their capabilities before introducing them in the clinic.The main objective of this project was to optimize tumor labeling in the context of near- infrared fluorescence guided surgery.For this purpose, we coupled ICG with aptamers (E8 and V8) in order to specifically target tumor cells. Two cell lines were studied: FaDu cells from pharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas and U87 cells from human glioblastomas. The FaDu cells were chosen as a positive model because they present the targets of the E8 and V8 aptamers while the U87 cells were the negative model. These 2 cell types have the ability to associate in homogeneous cell clusters thus constituting a very interesting diffusion model. First results suggesting a specific labeling were obtained by microscopy and flow cytometry. In order to increase the amount of ICG bound to aptamers, ICG aggregates were formed and bound to aptamers.Furthermore, we propose a simple, reproducible and innovative model reproducing the microinvasion by tumor cells in the periphery of the primary tumor. It is a model made of spheroids included in a phantom reproducing the optical properties of tissues
Hamze, Noura. "Optimisation et planification préopératoire des trajectoires en conditions statiques et déformables pour la chirurgie guidée par l'image." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD024.
Full textIn image-guided minimally invasive surgery, a precise preoperative planning of the surgical tools trajectory is a key factor to a successful intervention. However, an efficient planning is a challenging task, which can be significantly improved when considering different contributing factors such as biomechanical intra-operative deformations, or novel optimization techniques. In this work, we focus on two aspects. The first aspect addresses integrating intra-operative deformation to the path planning process. Our methods combine geometric-based optimization techniques with physics-based simulations. They are characterized with a certain level of generality, and are experimented on two different surgical procedures: percutaneous procedures for hepatic tumor ablation, and in neurosurgery for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). Secondly, we investigate, implement, and compare many optimization approaches using qualitative and quantitative methods, and present an efficient evolutionary Pareto-based multi-criteria optimization method which can find optimal solutions that are not reachable via the current state of the art methods
Kandzia, Felix. "Recherche de neutrino stérile par l'expérience STEREO : optimisation du blindage et calibration de l'échelle d'énergie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY086/document.
Full textLight sterile neutrinos are currently a topic actively discussed in neutrino physics. Oneindication of their possible existence and their participation in neutrino oscillations is the ReactorAntineutrino Anomaly, which states a deficit of about 6% between predicted and observedantineutrino fluxes in short baseline reactor neutrino experiments. The STEREO experimentaddresses this anomaly by searching for neutrino oscillations at baselines of 8.9-11.1m from thecompact core of the research reactor of the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL), Grenoble, France. Forthis purpose a Gd-loaded liquid scintillator detector was designed with an active target massof about 2 t. The target volume is subdivided in six optically separated cells along the line ofpropagation of the neutrinos. The electron antineutrinos emitted from the reactor are detectedvia the inverse beta decay on hydrogen nuclei, where a positron and a neutron are created. Thesetwo particles are detected in the scintillator in delayed coincidence, with the prompt signal fromthe positron and a delayed signal from neutron capture. The scintillation light created in theprocesses is read out by photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) on top of the detector cells. The detectoris completed by a gamma catcher and a muon veto.This manuscript covers parts of the preparation and the commissioning of the STEREOexperiment. As basis for the design process of the magnetic shielding for STEREO’s PMTsa series of finite element simulations was performed. The studies of different general layoutsand required material qualities as well as of details of the final design are summarised. Underconsideration of these studies the collaboration opted for a shielding design, a double layer setupwith an outer soft iron and inner mumetal layer, which has the required shielding efficiency toreduce the magnetic field at the position of the detector PMTs below 60 μT for all known externalmagnetic field configurations. This limits the maximum PMT gain change due to variations ofthe external magnetic fields to < 2%.Furthermore different studies have been performed concerning the on-site background situation.A mapping of the-ray background was conducted with high purity germanium detectorsand a NaI scintillator detector, in order to validate the efficiency of the installed shielding. Thefocus lied on the characterisation of the count rate in the neutron capture energy window. Anestimation of the background rate is presented and compared to the rate obtained in STEREO.At the current state of the analysis the background of accidental coincidences in STEREO is aminor contribution compared to the muon induced correlated background. In addition a seriesof MCNP simulations was performed to determine the impact of a beamtube removal in thevicinity of STEREO on the overall reactor-related background situation. The beamtube wasclosed by a dedicated shielding, optimised for background reduction for STEREO, which couldnot be reinstalled after removal of the tube. A new shielding at the end of the former beamtubewas proposed by the ILL. Its shielding effect was studied with MCNP and compared tothe previous configuration in order to assess whether the new shielding suffices or needs to beimproved. According to these simulations the background situation is expected to improve.Finally a procedure is proposed and applied for the analysis of the energy calibration ofthe STEREO detector. The procedure is designed to be applicable to all available calibrationsources and to minimise systematic uncertainties. It can be used to adjust parameters in theexisting Geant4-based simulation of the detector, developed by the collaboration, by comparisonto measured data and later to determine the energy scale with the required precision of < 2%
Ben, Hassine Soumaya. "Évaluation et requêtage de données multisources : une approche guidée par la préférence et la qualité des données : application aux campagnes marketing B2B dans les bases de données de prospection." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO22012/document.
Full textIn Business-to-Business (B-to-B) marketing campaigns, manufacturing “the highest volume of sales at the lowest cost” and achieving the best return on investment (ROI) score is a significant challenge. ROI performance depends on a set of subjective and objective factors such as dialogue strategy, invested budget, marketing technology and organisation, and above all data and, particularly, data quality. However, data issues in marketing databases are overwhelming, leading to insufficient target knowledge that handicaps B-to-B salespersons when interacting with prospects. B-to-B prospection data is indeed mainly structured through a set of independent, heterogeneous, separate and sometimes overlapping files that form a messy multisource prospect selection environment. Data quality thus appears as a crucial issue when dealing with prospection databases. Moreover, beyond data quality, the ROI metric mainly depends on campaigns costs. Given the vagueness of (direct and indirect) cost definition, we limit our focus to price considerations.Price and quality thus define the fundamental constraints data marketers consider when designing a marketing campaign file, as they typically look for the "best-qualified selection at the lowest price". However, this goal is not always reachable and compromises often have to be defined. Compromise must first be modelled and formalized, and then deployed for multisource selection issues. In this thesis, we propose a preference-driven selection approach for multisource environments that aims at: 1) modelling and quantifying decision makers’ preferences, and 2) defining and optimizing a selection routine based on these preferences. Concretely, we first deal with the data marketer’s quality preference modelling by appraising multisource data using robust evaluation criteria (quality dimensions) that are rigorously summarized into a global quality score. Based on this global quality score and data price, we exploit in a second step a preference-based selection algorithm to return "the best qualified records bearing the lowest possible price". An optimisation algorithm, BrokerACO, is finally run to generate the best selection result
Major, Francine. "L'expérience de continuer dans les moments difficiles, une étude guidée par la perspective infirmière de l'Humaindevenant." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10496.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to enhance understanding of the living experience of health, continuing on during difficult times. While it is an everyday phenomenon that is universally experienced, it has not been under the attention of health practitioners and researchers. When inquired about this topic, health practitioners are recognizing the phenomenon’s significance and relevance while acknowledging a lack of knowledge and being silent about it when they are with their patients or others, such as family members. Spontaneously, the experience of continuing on during difficult times is reminiscent of persevering on during difficult times that make us suffer, while hoping for whatever could be the best possible. The first observations of experiences that are close to the phenomenon under study appeared in/were introduced in studies about persevering, suffering and, hoping. This study’s objective was to uncover the structure of meaning for the living experience of continuing on during difficult times, from the experience of persons who described it. This current study is a contribution to the development of a knowledge base that can be useful for health practitioners who wish to meet the persons’ expectations related to an attentive presence to their living experience of health. Hence, health practitioners may foster health promotion that is patient centered while the latter is seeking the clarification of his/her situation and mobilizing his/her resources in order to make decisions and implement health related activities. Parse’s phenomenological-hermeneutic research method was used to answer the research question : What is the structure of the living experience of continuing on during difficult times? Twelve adults living in two regions of Québec in Canada took part in the study. Data were collected through dialogical engagement and analysed through the extraction-synthesis processes. The descriptions of results came from the synthesized verbatim and up to the conceptual abstraction in the chosen ontology. Core concepts were identified and joined in a structure in order to answer the research question. The central result of this study is the following structure: continuing on during difficult times is the resolute fortitude amid vicissitudes with the equivoqual quest for contentment as an expanded horizon is emerging with benevolent alliances. This structure was joined to the humanbecoming ontology and extant literature. The heuristic interpretation includes some metaphorical emergings and an artistic expression that offer a different point of view on the results. Through artform, the results can be shared with all audiences. This study is contributing to nursing knowledge, expanding the chosen ontology, and enhancing the understanding about continuing on during difficult times. The latter phenomenon may be acknowledged as a universal living experience of health as persons are wishing to foresee overtures with possibles for their health and quality of life. Finally, implications for research, for education and for nursing practice are presented.