Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Optimisation couche par couche'
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Szarpak, Anna. "Microcapsules multicouches à base d'acide hyaluronique comme transporteurs potentiels de médicaments : synthèse, caractérisation et optimisation de propriétés." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442324.
Full textSzarpak, Anna. "Microcapsules multicouches à base d'acide hyaluronique comme transporteurs potentiels de médicaments : synthèse, caractérisation et optimisation de propriétés." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10084.
Full textLn recent years, polyelectrolyte microcapsules prepared by the Layer-by-Layer deposition technique have attracted a great de al of interest for their potential applications in various fields such as drug delivery and biotechnology. One of the advantages of these multicompartment systems is the possibility to introduce a high degree of multifunctionality within their nanoshell due to the nature of the materials and assembly conditions used for their preparation. The latter rely on the sequential adsorption of oppositely charged materials onto a colloid template, followed by its dissolution. For biomedical applications, nano-/microcapsules built from biocompatible, biodegradable and non toxic polymers are a prerequisite. Ln this context, the aim of this work was to develop new LbL microcapsules made from hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring polysaccharide. First, optimization of synthetic conditions for preparing microcapsules from HA and PAH was carried out. CaC03 particles were used as the sacrificial template. Assembly, using a solution of high molecular HA (Mw = 820 OOOg/mol), at a concentration higher than the overlap concentration, lead to stable capsules. Ln the second step, synthetic PAH was replaced by biocompatible cationic polymers: a polypeptide, poly(L-lysine (PLL) or a quatemized derivative of chitosan (QCH) from polysaccharide family. The influence of the polycationic partner on the morphology, stability, permeability properties and enzymatic degradation of microscapsules was analyzed. Those properties were then tuned by shell cross¬linking. The encapsulation of dextran (Mw = 4000g/mol) release as a model drug was demonstrated
Mahmood, Asad. "Algorithmes d'adaptation pour la couche physique de systèmes multi-porteuses." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004691.
Full textMahmood, Asad. "Algorithmes d'adaptation pour la couche physique de systèmes multi-porteuses." Phd thesis, Paris, ENST, 2008. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00006156.
Full textThe main objective of our thesis was to reduce the complexity of the existing adaptive algorithms for multi-carrier systems, both, from a theoretical/algorithmic perspective as well as taking advantage from the adaptive nature of the state-of-the-art under-lying implementation platforms. To reach this main objective, adaptation was performed both from an algorithmic as well as an architectural point of view. From an algorithmic perspective, an insight into the inherent pattern, which exists in the optimal bit-allocation procedure and based upon this pattern the design of a Novel Optimal Discrete Bit Loading algorithm was performed which has a complexity significantly lower than existing algorithms for discrete bit-loading. Then optimizing the parameter of allocated power, theoretical developments for an optimal power-allocation including the Peak-Power Constraint and the design of a novel algorithm for Peak-Power Constrained Optimal Power Allocation was performed which involves a complexity significantly lower than the classical method of Iterative- Water-filling, which is conventionally employed for such constrained power allocations. Then, targeting channel coding, a proposal of the design and optimization of Finite-Length Irregular LDPC Codes, was made based on the Wave-Quantization methodology. Finally, a methodology to tune the hardware resources of a flexible underlying architecture (e. G. FPGA) at run-time based upon the needs of the channel and system is proposed. This results in the use of the link-adaptation algorithms at those ranges of Doppler-frequencies/user-mobility, which are not possible to operate upon, otherwise
Barreiros, Salvado Miguel. "Optimisation des transports dans la couche active de PEMFC par une approche couplée modélisation/caractérisation : augmentation des performances des couches actives aux hautes densités de courant." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALI016.
Full textPEMFCs are among the most promising technologies for the future of the automotive industry. However, major barriers must be overcome in order to achieve a solid position in the electric vehicle market. These include the cost, where a significant fraction can be attributed to the employment of Pt in the catalyst layers.In the region of high current densities, a steep drop is commonly observed and it is usually associated with ionic and mass transport limitations in the cathode catalyst layer (CCL). Therefore, simultaneously reducing the Pt loading and improving the performance at high current density requires at first an identification of the main source(s) of performance limitations. Since the CCL is a highly heterogeneous material with features of disparate length scales, a multiscale imaging characterization setup is required in order to analyze its structure.In this work, a framework including multiscale electron microscopy (EM) characterization and multiscale modeling has been developed. Such framework allows reproducing real 3D CCL geometries using an innovative reconstruction algorithm that was designed for the purpose. Moreover, a physical model is implemented in these 3D geometries, and subsequently, numerical simulations at the local and CCL scales are performed. The multiscale EM setup includes FIB-SEM from which the carbon phase distribution is determined, HAADF-STEM to determine the representative Pt particle size distribution, and finally, HRTEM from which an average thickness for the Nafion thin film is measured. These images go through a post-treatment procedure which includes segmentation and alignment for the tomographic images. From these, geometries are then reproduced. Moreover, a physical model including multispecies transport on the Nafion and pore phases, ionic transport on the Nafion phase and a Butler-Volmer law at the Pt interface to describe the ORR kinetics, is implemented. The CCL 3D model is then coupled with a 2D MEA-scale model, from which local conditions are extracted and subsequently used as input in the local model. An analysis on the 3D geometries is then performed at both local and CCL scales. Regarding the former, it is found that structures with smaller Pt particles always present a better performance due to an increase in the amount of surface available for the electrochemical reaction to proceed. Though, the presence of Pt particles in large Nafion agglomerations as well as Pt interparticle competition effects can play a major detrimental role on performance (differences in local performance up to 26%). In the CCL scale analysis, the effects of the Pt particle size, the Nafion layer thickness and carbon aggreggate size are analyzed. In accordance to what is observed at the local scale, structures with smaller particles also display a better performance. Regarding the Nafion layer thickness, a balance between an enhancement in ionic transport and an increased resistance to oxygen transport upon thickening of the Nafion film has been highlighted. Results show that increasing the Nafion layer thickness from 8 to 10 nm is only benefitial for performance when the porosity is above 30%. Furthermore, these support the fact that understanding the swelling behavior of the Nafion thin film is crucial for a more accurate determination of the CCL's response. In its turn, enlarging the carbon aggregates can be detrimental for performance since some pores may vanish and regions with Pt particles located on large Nafion agglomerations may become starved from oxygen. Finally, the impact of the structure arrangement has been analyzed and gains in performance upon minimizing the tortuosities of both Nafion and pore phases to unity have been quantified. An improvement in performance of 25% was found, mainly as a result of the favoured ionic transport
Van, Gorp Adrien. "Optimisation du temps de cycle d'injection de pièces plastiques." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1722.
Full textIn plastic injection, the mold must be designed to increase the heat fluxes leading to the cooling time. Firstly, this work is focused on the heat exchange between the mold and the cooling fluid. A technical solution is proposed to reduce the sub-layer which indues a heat fluxes limitation. Experimental results and numeric simulations show that exchange is increased about 7%. Next, the influence of 4 process parameters is studied on the polymeric material (characterized by means of shrinkage and hardness measurements) and on the gloss and roughness of injected parts surface. Results lead to a main effect of injection temperature and velocity. These effects on the material are linked with the cristallinity promoted by the injection temperature. The main effect on the surface is explained by the evolution of the polymer viscosity during the injection phase. Globally, it seems to be important to take into account the different physical phenomena in the cycle rime optimization by modifying the injection parameters
Rouissi, Fatma. "Optimisation de la couche PHY des systèmes de communication sur le réseau d'énergie en présence de bruit impulsif." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10042/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study and the suggestion of new solutions to improve high bit rate power line communications. A special interest is given to impulsive noise presence which is the most difficult transmission constraint to overcome. The first aim of this work is to analyze statistically measure results then to propose a simple and efficient noise model that will be used in a simulation tool to define accurately suitable noise cancellation techniques. Experimental measurements done in both Indoor and vehicle PLC channels allowed to deduce noise characteristics in the two environments, to compare these characteristics and to prove high effect of Indoor impulsive noise. ln next step, three models were studied: c1ass A of Middleton mode 1, Markov chains-based model and the stochastic approach. Then, a new hybrid model, that combines the stochastic approach and Markov chains, was proposed. This model is simple, easy to implement and allows a satisfying fitting to noise temporal characteristics. Comparisons of models to measured noise show the efficiency of the hybrid approach that will be used afterward. The second aim of this work is to defme new appropriate and cost-effective methods to compensate impulsive noise effect. The frrst solution is to add a noise canceller module in the PLC system receiver. This solution was studied by proposing techniques to cancel noise by estimating its power. The second solution is to use error correction methods. ln this case, three channel coding structures were developed and their performances were studied in the presence of different impulsive noise scenarios
Chalvin, Maxime. "Fabrication additive de tubulures par dépôt de fil robotisé multi-axes : génération et optimisation de trajectoires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0010.
Full textAdditive manufacturing through Directed Energy Deposition (DED) enables small batches of parts to be rapidly manufactured. However, manufacturing trajectories usually used for the manufacture of overhanging parts require the use of supports, material which is not useful for the finished part and time consuming. If multi-axis trajectories can be used to avoid them, they present generally a heterogeneous local inter-layer distance, thus requiring a variation of the deposition parameters to adapt the layer height ; variation that can be harmful to the mechanical characteristics of the final part. This thesis first proposes a constant local inter-layer trajectory generation method for DED additive manufacturing of tubular parts defined by parametric curves and which can have profile radius variations. The proposed trajectories have been validated by robotized manufacturing trials of polymer parts. Since the rotation about a coaxial deposition tool axis has no impact on the deposit, the use of 6-axis robots offers a redundancy. Using this redundancy, a layer by layer optimization of the trajectory in the robot space is then proposed. In a constrained robot configuration, the trajectory optimization allows the manufacturing of parts that cannot be manufactured in the usual way, and improves the geometrical quality of the parts with a better repeatability
Hildebrandt, Thibaud. "Optimisation des interfaces absorbeur/couche tampon/fenêtre avant dans les cellules solaires à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066720.
Full textThe replacement of CdS-based buffer layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells has been one of the main challenges of the research community for the last decade. Today, one of the most promising alternative material is the chemically bath deposited Zn(S,O,OH). Because of its low deposition rate and of metastable behavior, it becomes necessary to proceed to an optimization of experimental conditions and of the various interfaces. The first part of this work has been dedicated to the optimization of the deposition bath thanks to the introduction of new additives. It has been possible to underline the additive effects on both the deposition rate and on the chemical composition of the deposited layers. The second part of this work has been dedicated to the optimization of the (Zn,Mg)O/ZnO:Al window layer. Thanks to an improvement of the sputtering conditions, it has been possible to reduce metastability of the solar cells, and to limit sodium migration up to the Zn(S,O,OH) layer. These optimized conditions combined to the variation of the CIGSe surface composition have allowed us to outperform CdS-based references solar cells
Thomasson, Alexandre. "Ordres électriques et magnétiques dans le composé magnétoélectrique GaFeO3 : optimisation par dopage." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01065858.
Full textAlam, Saiful. "Optimisation d’hétéro-structures à multipuits quantiques InGaN sur sous-couche InGaN pour diodes electroluminescentes émettant dans le domaine spectral bleu-vert." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0050/document.
Full textGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have already been commercialized for solid-state lighting, since the InGaN/GaN-based multi-quantum-well (MQW) of LEDs can be designed to produce light in the entire visible spectral range. To obtain white LED, phosphor-based down-conversion results in low efficiency due to Stokes loss and also can yield low colour rendering index (CRI). Hence, for highly efficient and with high CRI white light, generation of white light by monolithic red-green-blue (RGB) combination is necessary. InGaN/GaN-based blue LED has good performance now-a-days. III-phosphides based red LED has also achieved good efficiency. However, with intermediary wavelengths for green spectra emission, the efficiency of devices from epitaxy grown along the commonly used (0001-Ga) direction of GaN decreases with increasing indium (In) content in the active region and this “green-gap” is the main obstacle to get phosphor-free white LEDs. Non- or semi-polar LED structures could be a solution to reduce or omit the polarization problem, however, easier growth of good crystal quality and fewer processing steps make (0001-Ga) direction growth still commercially promising. Therefore, optimized structure design to alleviate polarization and enhance optical emission from hetero-structures grown along this direction growth is still in demand. The conventional InGaN multi-quantum-well (MQW) LED structures are grown on GaN buffer and use GaN as barrier layers. However, the objective of this thesis has been to grow high In-content MQWs with InGaN barriers on a novel so called “semi-bulk” (SB) InGaN buffer. The achievement of the thesis was to simulate, grow by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and process LED structure with high In-content in the MQW with InGaN barriers, grown on high quality “semi-bulk” InGaN buffer, that will emit in the blue to green spectra. 70 nm thick high crystal quality InGaN SB buffer was obtained with 5% In-content. On top of this, In0.15Ga0.85N/In0.05Ga0.95N MQW was grown followed by 200 nm optimized p-GaN. The room temperature IQE was 67.5% at 460 nm emission wavelength. The processed LED chips yielded turn-on voltage less than 3 V with leakage current of ~10-3 A. In0.25Ga0.75N/ In0.05Ga0.95N MQW was also realized on InGaN SB with 7% In, with emission peak at ~530 nm
Camperi-Ginestet, Christophe. "Optimisation de l'intégration des composants optoélectroniques en films minces séparés du substrat de croissance par la technique du lift-off." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0036.
Full textChevrier, Véronique. "Optimisation des propriétés photoréfractives du matériau Bi12GeO20: modélisation de la croissance par simulation numérique, dopage au cuivre et élaboration de couches minces." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140019.
Full textBenali, Wissem. "Modélisation et optimisation de la consommation énergétique d'un système de communication Wi-Fi." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0041/document.
Full textThe strong increase of the number of connected devices in recent years and the increasing use of communication technologies has a significant impact on the energy bill. To stop the increase in energy consumption, it is essential to be able to compare the digital communication algorithms in terms of consumption, in order to develop the most energy-efficient transmission architecture.In this thesis, the IEEE 802.11ac Wi-Fi standard of physical layer is analyzed at an energy point of view. The power dissipated in the circuits for operating the signal processing algorithms is taken into account in addition to the antenna transmission power. The implemented methodology includes both simulations and developments on a hardware platform (FPGAs), resulting in more realistic consumption assessments.First, we analyzed separately the components of the digital communications chains. Then we integrated the periods of activity and inactivity of each element in the calculation of the global energy consumption of the chains. We propose a practical and efficient method of estimating consumption, including a database derived from simulations, and a theoretical analysis of the activity rates of each element of the chain.These results make it possible to analyze the distribution of the power consumption of the elements composing transmitters and receivers, and to compare various architectures and sets of parameters. In particular, we evaluated the impact of two Fast Fourier Transform architectures on overall system consumption
Srinath, Sricharan. "Prédiction et modélisation d’écoulements turbulents proche de paroi." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0029/document.
Full textThe aim of the present work is to study a boundary layer subjected to a pressure gradient and to compare it with a zero pressure gradient (ZPG) boundary layer at high Reynolds numbers. Within this framework, focus is laid on the behaviour of large-scale coherent structures. Due to their large streamwise extent, these structures are not easy to extract and characterize using standard measurement techniques. For this reason, specific experimental set-ups using PIV in the streamwise/wall-normal planes was designed to capture the large-scale structures and to gain more insight into the mechanisms governing the dynamics of these flows. The achievements of the present investigation can be divided into two parts. The first part revisits the results obtained on a ZPG turbulent boundary layer by probing the origin of a spectral range in a turbulent boundary layer. To this end, a simple model which can in principle be applied to various wall-bounded turbulent flows is proposed from a new perspective based on the work of Townsend-Perry. The second part focuses on improving the understanding of turbulence under an adverse pressure gradient (APG) by performing a complete flow characterisation of an academic test case on a large scale geometry. Emphasis is laid on the characteristics of the structures (length, scaling, energetic contribution and their wall normal distribution) along with the influence of the APG on the large-scale structures. The analysis is also extended to compare the behaviour of APG with the ZPG case at high Reynolds numbers
Babilotte, Joanna. "BioFabrication par assemblage couche par couche pour l’ingénierie du Tissu Osseux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0048.
Full textIn several clinical cases, dental implant placement can be hindered if the alveolar bone volume is limited. Current surgical methods for alveolar bone regeneration are not fully satisfying, and more reliable methods to regenerate bone is needed. Several biomaterials for bone substitution are available. However, they do not possess all the necessary properties for complete bone regeneration, as they lack osteoinductive and osteogenic potential.Tissue engineering can provide solutions for current issues in bone reconstruction. Tissue engineering strategies combine engineered scaffold with cells and suitable biochemical soluble factors. To produce the scaffold several techniques are available. These last years rapid prototyping technologies gained a huge interest, as they offer reproducibility and important resolution. The current issues remaining to produce living tissue constructs by bone tissue engineering techniques are related to cell seeding inside the macroporous scaffold. The conventional approach involves seeding cells onto a macroporous scaffold and expects cell colonization to form composite tissue constructs. Many limitations have been observed using this approach, due to slow vascularization, limited diffusion of nutrients, low cell density and non-uniform cell distribution.This project aims to address the limitations of scaffold-based bone tissue engineering, by organizing osteoprogenitor cells inside the scaffold. Based on previous results, we choose to use a layer-by-layer approach. This layer-by-layer fabrication method, also called “sandwich” in this work, should favor cell-material interaction and facilitate the maturation of these constructs. Finally, the amount and quality of tissue regenerated should be enhanced.The first part of the project consisted in the fabrication of scaffolds membranes. We have developed a new material, made of medical-grade poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) mixed with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA), in the shape of a filament for 3D printing by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). PLGA was chosen for its biodegradation rate and its mechanical properties close to human cortical bone. Nanoparticles of HA were included to improve the bioactivity of the material for bone tissue engineering applications. Then, these materials were characterized for mechanical and physico-chemical properties before in vitro and in vivo studies. In these parts, we used the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue, to be closer to a potential clinical translation. The survival, proliferation and differentiation of the cells were evaluated. Finally, bone regeneration was observed after implantation of the constructs in a rat bone calvaria defect model
Lin, Jie. "Etude détaillée des structures cohérentes de la zone tampon de la turbulence de paroi à l'aide de données de PIV stéréoscopique." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Lin.pdf.
Full textA Stereoscopic PIV experiment, performed on a fully developed turbulent flow along a flat plate at Reθ [thêta] = 7800 and in 10 streamwise-spanwise planes parallel to the wall, has been analyzed in detail. The objectives of the work were to study the characteristics of the turbulent flow in the region 114. 5 ≤ y+ ≤ 48. 0, to observe and quantify the coherent structures (e. G. Steaks, ejections, sweeps and streamwise vortices) and to investigate the spatial relations between them so as to provide an organization model near the wall. The present study began with the selection of the most suitable method for the SPIV processing, which was used to obtain the 2D3C instantaneous velocity fields. Then the basic statistics of the turbulence were analyzed and compared to the results of other studies to validate the database. The two-point spatial correlations were computed to evidence the existence of coherent structures. Following that, these structures were detected by a newly developed method based on pattern recognition and their statistical characteristics were investigated in detail. Finally, the two-point correlations were performed on these structures. The results and this statistical analysis provide information on the flow organization. The present study shows that the wall attached streamwise vortices are centred in the region 20 to 30 wall units. Ejections and sweeps are associated with low and high speed streaks respectively and both are strongly linked to streamwise vortices. The characteristics of these coherent structures are quantified and they depend on wall distance. Moreover, the results support the idea of ‘merging of vortices’
Constant, Patrick. "Analyse syntaxique par couche /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35585889k.
Full textAbdelalim, Kaoutar. "Study and optimisation of IEEE 802.11 PHY and MAC protocols towards a new generation integrated in 5G." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0163.
Full textThe high growth of wireless applications brings greater challenges to wireless technologies and calls for more improvements and better efficiency. This is particularly true for dense environments for which per user performance is a key issue. IEEE 802.11ax amendment was launched in that context, to improve the physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer protocols of Wi-Fi networks in dense environments while maintaining backward compatibility with previous standards.The works of this thesis join the same perspectives as the IEEE 802.11ax, namely the improvement of existing protocols or the proposal of new ones. To that aim, three main contributions are proposed: first, we provide a deep analysis of the IEEE 802.11 norm, from its first version in 1999 to the ongoing IEEE 802.11ax amendment. Second, we expose a PHY layer improvement with a new method for the resource allocation in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) in random access mode. Third, we develop a MAC layer evolution with an adaptive negotiation mode for the block acknowledgement session (AN-BA)
Dassapa, Chandrasekar. "Couches minces de tungstène déposées par le procédé C. V. D. Pour la métallisation des circuits intégrés." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10117.
Full textAguilar, Jean-Christophe. "Optimisation de formes hydrodynamiques : Couche limite intrinsèque tridimensionnelle." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0834.
Full textValentin, François. "Optimisation du silicium amorphe hydrogéné préparé par décharge luminescente à basse fréquence pour l'utilisation dans divers dispositifs de type diode Schottky." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10173.
Full textSchneider, Grégory. "Fonctionnalisation de nanoparticules d'or par la technique couche par couche : Vers la conception de nanoparticules cytotoxiques furtives." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13221.
Full textHere we report that gold nanoparticles can easily be coated using Layer-by-Layer (LbL) deposition technique as the sole method with up to 20 deposited polyelectrolyte layers. The gold core has been be gently dissolved by an etching reaction with cyanide, resulting in empty (hollow?) nanospheres. Parameters influencing their functionalisation (respectively bridging flocculation) were studied and carefully optimized. Additionnaly, it has been shown that for high ionic strength of the dispersing medium, particles get aggregated due to the screening by salt of the surface charges. This problem was overcomed by the adsorption of a hydrophilic copolymer top layer. This copolymer has been synthetised by radical copolymerization of three monomers. The first monomer ensures the hydrophilicity of nanoparticles surface, the second allows the covalent LbL deposition of the terpolymer on nanoparticle and the third is biologically active and bears an anticancerous drug through a enzymatically cleavable spacer. From the functionnalisation of nanoparticles with this terpolymer, originates a huge stability of nanoparticles in isotonic buffers, even in presence of proteins like albumine. In vitro experiments in presence macrophages reveal the absence of phogocytosis by macrophages and also allows these multifunctional nanoparticles to be considered as stealthy. Another project was to take advantage from the easy construction of a high number of alternate layers on gold nanoparticles, for studying the fluororescence quenching by metallic nanocores by varying the distance between fluorophores and the core. This study reveals that higher the distance nanoparticle/fluorophore is, higher the emission by fluorescence was, also lower the quenching by the metallic core was. Additionnaly, through the dissolution of the gold core (exaltation of the fluorescence), the conception of the first fluorescent LbL-based nanocapsules has been reported
Benzerga, Ratiba. "Optimisation de la croissance de couches minces de composés par ablation laser." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2065.
Full textChannoufi, Malèk. "Modélisation et optimisation de la couche optique de réseaux sur puce." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0692/document.
Full textThe developing of complex System on Chip "SoC" interconnecting different cores IP distant in micrometer chip scale, needs important data bandwidth , low latency and the best compromise between optical power loss and crosstalk. According to that, finding new methodology design is necessary to cope to those challenges.Using centric communication becomes the mainly solution to improve communication performance in system on chip and recently many researches are focusing on Optical Network on Chip 'ONoC'.In this thesis, a novel architecture of an optical network on chip is proposed, this architecture is reposed on 2 design paradigms: ONoC based 3D chip and multilevel waveguides based ONoC. The key element of this architecture is the multilevel microresonator (Si/SiO2) which is the optical switch of the network. Optical wave behavior in different geometries have been studied using FEM method in order to find compromise between optical power loss and crosstalk. Operation mode of this ONoC called "OMNoC" is explained, routing protocol is studied using NS-2 simulator too, then optimized and developed using C++ and Benchmark tool. After that and by using FEM results and adopted routing strategy, OMNoC performances are studied and compared with other network architectures proposed in ONoC literature. In conclusion and according to performances analysis and comparisons, OMNoC could be considered as a promising network architecture which offer scalability and give a compromise between optical power loss and crosstalk
Zancanaro, Mario Antônio. "Identification des éléments RFID mobiles dans les environnements intérieurs associant la couche application et la couche physique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066730.
Full textIndoor localization research has generated many of potential techniques and algorithms. Identifying RFID tags in an indoor environment with perfect accuracy is not a trivial task for many applications in industry, a marketplace, or a supply chain. Localization systems have been maturing as the number of applications requiring such capabilities has increased in popularity\cite{29} \cite{20}. In businesses, these applications allow intelligent process manufacturing, increasing productivity and enabling reliable product flows. Based on these systems, many processes need to localize and identify the movement of RFID tags. Marketplaces, shops, hospitals, or simple conveyor belts for supply chains can benefit from these tracking systems. However, most of these techniques do not take into account the influence of the real constraints to which the radio signal of the physical system is subject. Although this localization problem has been addressed in lots of treatments, it remains unsolved for systems that need precision. In this thesis, our solution involves identifying RFID tags in movement from others referred to as RFID static tags. We have based our methodology on the classical configuration supply chains scenario involved in industrial and market warehouse use cases. We completely identify which RFID tags are moving and which tags are placed outside and static by the time the conveyor belt supply chain process has ended. We developed our approach by proposing an identification method with two main variations. In its first variant, the method is hybrid and works directly in the application layer, which allows a non-intrusive, custom made and articulate RFID tag identification and classification. In its second variant, we also associate our solution with a physical layer constraint, to limit and optimize the identification zone.The evaluation of the performance shows an excellent precision in a practical industrial operational zone, validated with lots of experiments conducted in a real indoor application under different conditions and using classical setup devices
Cambonie, Tristan. "Étude par vélocimétrie volumique d'un jet dans un écoulement transverse à faibles ratios de vitesses." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00795587.
Full textXU, XIANG ZHEN. "Les mecanismes de croissance de films de bi#2sr#2cuo#x deposes sequentiellement couche atomique par couche atomique." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066278.
Full textDekou, Tiomajou Raoul Florent. "Organisation à grandes échelles de la turbulence de paroi." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0006/document.
Full textThis study lies in the context of large scale coherent structures (uniform momentum regions and vortical motions) investigation in a near wall turbulent boundary layer at high Reynolds numbers (Reθ=9830 and Reθ=19660). With a Linear Stochastic Estimation procedure based on correlations computation, a full time-resolved 3 component field is reconstructed at high frequency from stereo-PIV at 4 Hz and hot wire data at 30 kHz . A DNS database of turbulent channel flow was used to validate the reconstruction method. To evaluate the quality of the method, reconstructed velocity fluctuations are compared to refence ones extracted directly from the DNS database. Furthermore, a statistical analysis is performed on HWA, PIV and LSE velocity fields. The results obtained are compared to those from Carlier and Stanislas (2005). Algorithms were developed to extract coherent structures from the reconstructed field. Uniform momentum regions are characterized with their mean hydraulic diameter in the YZ plane, their life time and their contribution to Reynolds stresses. The vortical motions are characterized by their position, radius, circulation and vorticity in addition to their life time and their number computed at a fixed position from the wall. The spatial organization of the structures was investigated through a correlation of their respective indicative functions in the spanwise direction . The simplified large scale model that arised is compared to the ones in the literature
Munir, Muhammad Farukh. "Optimisation inter-couche de réseaux de capteurs et capteurs-actionneurs sans fil." Paris, ENST, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENST0039.
Full textSrinath, Sricharan. "Prédiction et modélisation d’écoulements turbulents proche de paroi." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0029.
Full textThe aim of the present work is to study a boundary layer subjected to a pressure gradient and to compare it with a zero pressure gradient (ZPG) boundary layer at high Reynolds numbers. Within this framework, focus is laid on the behaviour of large-scale coherent structures. Due to their large streamwise extent, these structures are not easy to extract and characterize using standard measurement techniques. For this reason, specific experimental set-ups using PIV in the streamwise/wall-normal planes was designed to capture the large-scale structures and to gain more insight into the mechanisms governing the dynamics of these flows. The achievements of the present investigation can be divided into two parts. The first part revisits the results obtained on a ZPG turbulent boundary layer by probing the origin of a spectral range in a turbulent boundary layer. To this end, a simple model which can in principle be applied to various wall-bounded turbulent flows is proposed from a new perspective based on the work of Townsend-Perry. The second part focuses on improving the understanding of turbulence under an adverse pressure gradient (APG) by performing a complete flow characterisation of an academic test case on a large scale geometry. Emphasis is laid on the characteristics of the structures (length, scaling, energetic contribution and their wall normal distribution) along with the influence of the APG on the large-scale structures. The analysis is also extended to compare the behaviour of APG with the ZPG case at high Reynolds numbers
Ammam, Malika. "Nouveaux POMs : synthèse, caractérisation, propriétés catalytiques et immobilisation dans des supports de type sol-gel et couche par couche." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112111.
Full textThe present thesis is mainly devoted to the synthesis and characterization of new polyxometalate (POMs) suitable to catalyse several interesting reactions in solution like the reduction of nitrite, nitrate, nitrogen monooxide, dioxygene and hydrogen peroxide. To perform the catalysis of these various reactions, while avoiding separation problems concerning the mixture of catalysts and reaction products, we immobilized various POMs, either in the sol-gel support or by the layer by layer (LBL) technique. In the first part, several new POMs were synthesised and characterized by various techniques, including X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The electrocatalytic activity of these POMs in the reduction of nitrogen oxides, dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide is assessed. In the second part, several POMs were immobilized on electrode surfaces by using either the sol-gel process or the layer by layer technique (LBL). The requirements for obtaining stable and useful assemblies on electrode surfaces are established. In addition of electrocatalytic processes, some of these electrodes are good candidates for pH measurements
Becher, Marie Joulakian Boghos. "Etude théorique de la double ionisation de la couche L et de couche K du Béryllium par impact d'électrons rapides." Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2008/Becher.Marie.SMZ0835.pdf.
Full textBolle, Bernard. "Etude par diffraction des rayons X de la formation d'une couche de laiton par dépôt d'une couche de cuivre et de zinc et diffusion." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Bolle.Bernard.SMZ9463.pdf.
Full textIn this study are presented X ray difftaction methods for thin film analysis. Thin brass coating deposited on steel cord are obtained by a sequential deposition of copper and zinc followed by diffusion, leading to an heterogeneous brass. Quantitative analysis is extended to heterogeneous materials. We show the importance of the layer heterogeneity in the calculation of phases quantities. The Houska's method allowing to know the profile of concentration by using X ray line profile analysis is improved. We formulate a new approach of resolution giving directly the solution without the use of trial and error technics. This new formalism is applied to study the phase transformation [beta]'-[alpha]and the homogenisation of the alpha phase which occur during the diffusion in brass. Profiles of concentration determined by this method agree with those given by STIMS or GDL. A new method(ro-ryis) developed to measure residual stresses either in thin films or in bulk materials. Stresses observed in the brass layer appear when the steel is quenched after the thermodiffusion. This study showst hat XRD connected with XRF allows to know rapidly with accuracy the main diffusion parameters as concentration phases composition, stresses and their evolution during the diffusion process used in steel cord making
BOLLE, BERNARD HEIZMANN J. J. "ETUDE PAR DIFFRACTION DES RAYONS X DE LA FORMATION D'UNE COUCHE DE LAITON PAR DEPOT D'UNE COUCHE DE CUIVRE ET DE ZINC ET DIFFUSION /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1994/Bolle.Bernard.SMZ9463.pdf.
Full textAndoh, Honoré Yobouet. "Refroidissement de paroi par effusion : Etude expérimentale." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0088.
Full textOne solution for the cooling of combustion chamber walls, when they are porous, consists of cooling them by effusion of a cold gas flowing from outside to inside this work aims to analyse the performance of such a system. A model of flowing throw the wall, based on a Blasius type law and solved by a finite difference method, was developed. Compared to various model found in the literature, it was applied to experiments with various fluids, operating temperatures and pressures. The model of beat transfer inside the wall uses the energy equation and a finite difference method solving. It is allows to study the sensitivity of mechanism to various parameters. One at them - the internal convective heat transfer coefficient is preponderant. Its value is obtained by semi-empirical equation given by the literature or by an indirect experimental method, difficult to carry out due to the great thermal involved. A simple modelling of the boundary layer, using the assumption of a laminar layer moving perpendicular to the wall, allows to calculate the heat flux get by the wall. A boundary layer of a few hundredth millimetres thickness is enough to considerably limit the flux. A global simulation program is used to analyse the performance of the studied cooling mode. When the main parameters vary, pressures, up-stream and down-stream to the wall, cold and hot gases temperatures, material, fluid, internal convection coefficient, boundary layer thickness
Tenaud, Christian. "Simulation numérique de l'écoulement autour d'un manipulateur externe de couche limite." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ESAE0012.
Full textDreano, Loïc. "Modèles d'interactions "procédé - microstructure - performances mécaniques de matériaux composites à renfort textile" : étude du tressage tridimensionnel par entremêlement couche à couche." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10241.
Full textDubois, Franck. "Cuprates à intercroissance double couche pérovskite-couche AO type NaCl, substitués par une terre rare de "petite taille" : cristallochimie et propriétés électriques." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2023.
Full textLaparra, Olivier. "Mise au point et optimisation d'un équipement industriel de dépôts chimiques en phase vapeur activés par plasma (PACVD)." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20018.
Full textApaydin, Kadir. "Development, characterization and fire retardant mechanism of layer-by-layer and plasma coatings." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10184.
Full textPolymeric materials are used in many fields such as automotive, building and textile. As all organic materials, they are inherently flammable and therefore need to be modified to prevent or delay fire departure. Incorporation of significant amount of flame retardant additives is currently the main solution to fire-retard polymers. Nevertheless, this approach exhibits some limitations such as high cost, low processability and degradation of the mechanical properties. In this PhD thesis, new flame retardant coatings were developed by using two innovative and original surface treatment approaches: Layer-by-Layer (LbL) and atmospheric plasma technologies. On one hand, several hybrid LbL-flame retardant coatings were developed in order to improve the fire properties of various substrates such as polyester, polyamide 6.6 fabrics and thin polyamide 6 films. A poly(allylamine) and montmorillonite (PAH-MMT) based coating deposited onto polyamide 6 film particularly exhibits fire results as it significantly reduces the amount of fuels (-74%) released during the cone calorimeter test. The mechanism of action of this coating in term of fire retardancy was thus investigated. In the other hand, an organophosphorus silane based coating was designed by means of atmospheric plasma technology, fully characterized and tested to fire when applied on thin polymer films. This coating significantly delays the time to ignition of polyamide 6 and polycarbonate films. Finally, we carefully investigated the mechanism of action, in term of fire retardancy, of this coating applied on polycarbonate
Tsilanizara, Aimé. "Simulation numérique de la couche de mélange compressible par méthode spectrale." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT2334.
Full textLeenhardt, Stéphane. "Etude par excitation coulombienne de la fermeture de couche N = 40." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112054.
Full textTwo coulomb excitation experiments on neutron rich exotic nuclei have been performed at GANIL. They allowed the measurement of the reduced transition probability B(E2) (from ground state to first excited state) of some nuclei around N = 40. This number, 40, is a half-magic number in the shell model. For nuclei with an important neutron excess, it is predicted that The shell closure is stronger at N = 40. The B(E2) is a good tool for testing this growing [. . . ]
Lemaire, Michaël. "Caractérisation de structures du type couche sur substrat par ultrasons-lasers." Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/513b930e-e6c1-459e-8b94-2fa873deb448.
Full textThe increasing use of surface coatings in fields such as electronic, microelectronic or optic makes the evaluation of their physical properties necessary. For the characterisation of elastic parameters and the thickness determination, the non-destructive ultrasonic testing can be used. More particularly, laser can generate and detect acoustic waves among which Rayleigh waves. The laser-ultrasound technique has the advantage of not requiring contact with the sample to inspect contrary to the conventional piezoelectric methods. In the coated structures, the Rayleigh wave is denatured by the layer and becomes dispersive. Several modes of propagation called Rayleigh modes can be studies. The purpose of this work was to help characterize these structures. A finite element method has been developed too in order to predict the propagation of the first Rayleigh mode. Results obtained by two complementary methods allowing a non-contact measurement in a large bandwidth (frm 5 MHz to 200 MHz) are presented, and the dispersion of the Rayleigh wave propagation velocity is analyzed to determine the thickness and elastic parameters of the considerated layers
Salinas, Hervé. "Stabilité linéaire et faiblement non linéaire d'une couche limite laminaire compressible tridimensionnelle par l'approche PSE." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ESAE0024.
Full textMazin, Cyril. "Calcul de couches limites tridimentionnelles par une technique de caractéristiques." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ESAE0021.
Full textAugier, Eric. "Etude de la modification d'une couche limite turbulente par l'insertion d'un manipulateur type réducteur de trainée." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDL0011.
Full textStoukov, Alexei. "Etude numérique de la couche de mélange réactive supersonique." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES013.
Full textNaimi, Salah Eddine. "Optimisation et compréhension des performances électriques de nouvelles technologies de transistors MOS en couche mince." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30231.
Full textCissé, Edmond. "Modélisation, optimisation et réalisation de détecteurs de radiation et de thermopiles en technologie couche mince." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20212.
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