Journal articles: 'Optimal Temperature Profile (OTP)'

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Zhang, Sai, and Nathalie Trottier. "15 Young Scholar Presentation: Impact of a Near Ideal Amino Acid Profile on the Efficiency of Nitrogen and Energy Utilization in Lactating Sows." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.029.

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Abstract The objective was to determine the efficiency of EAA and energy for lactation in sows and quantify their metabolic heat production fed a reduced protein diet. We hypothesized that feeding a reduced protein diet with near ideal AA profile (NIAA) and a leucine:lysine of 1.14 improves the dietary essential AA (EAA) and energy utilization efficiency and reduces the metabolic heat associated with lactation, compared to feeding diets containing leucine:lysine of 1.63. Three diets were formulated iso-calorically (2,580 kcal/kg net energy), including 1) control diet with a 1.63 leucine:lysine (CON; 18.75% CP), 2) optimal diet with NIAA profile and 1.14 leucine:lysine (OPT; 13.75% CP) by supplementing crystalline AA to minimum requirements; and 3) OPT diet with L-Leucine (Leu) supplementation to achieve CON Leu:Lys of 1.63 (OPTLEU; 14.25% CP). Experiment 1 was to estimate maximal biological efficiency value (MBEV) of EAA in lactating sows fed CON, OPT and OPTLEU diets. Feeding OPT diet improved efficiency of nitrogen (N) (79.1%), arginine (61.1%), His (78.3%), Ile (65.4%), Leu (75.1%), Met + Cys (78.2%), Phe (53.4%), Phe + Tyr (69.5%) and Trp (70.1%) and maximized the efficiency of Lys (63.2%), Met (67.9%), Thr (71.0%) and Val (57.0%) for milk production over a 21-day lactation. Experiment 2 was to estimate dietary energetic efficiency, energy partitioning and heat production in lactating sows fed CON, OPT and OPTLEU diets. Feeding OPT led to greater energy utilization for lactation due to less urinary energy and metabolic heat loss, and triggered dietary energy deposition into milk at the expense of maternal lipid mobilization. Feeding OPTLEU compared to OPT reduced energy utilization for lactation by directing dietary energy away from the mammary gland and towards maternal pool, in part explaining the efficacy of a NIAA diet over CON. Experiment 3 was to measure heat production in lactating sows fed CON and OPT diets and exposed to thermal neutral and HS environments. Sows fed OPT diet produced less metabolic heat and had lower body temperature when exposed to HS conditions compared to CON fed sows. In conclusion, feeding a diet with NIAA profile containing Leu:Lys of 1.14 improves EAA and energy utilization efficiency for lactation, and reduces the metabolic heat associated with lactation compared to feeding a diet with Leu:Lys of 1.63.

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Mamaní, Arminda, Yolanda Maturano, Laura Herrero, Laura Montoro, and Fabiana Sardella. "Increase in Fermentable Sugars of Olive Tree Pruning Biomass for Bioethanol Production: Application of an Experimental Design for Optimization of Alkaline Pretreatment." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 66, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.18247.

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Olive Tree Pruning (OTP) biomass can be considered a suitable source of fermentable sugars for the production of second-generation bioethanol. The present study proposes a remarkable alternative for the valorization of olive tree pruning residues. OTP biomass was processed using a sequential calcium hydroxide pretreatment/enzymatic hydrolysis. A 24–1 half fractional factorial design was adopted for the screening of process variables and a central composite design was used for the optimization stage. Temperature and lime loading resulted statistically significant. The following optimal conditions were obtained: 0.01 g of Ca(OH)2/g of dry material, 20 g of H2O/g of dry material at 160 °C for 2 h. The mathematical model that governs this alkaline pretreatment was obtained with a 76% adjusted determination coefficient, which means that it is a good representation of the process. Under optimal operating conditions, 13% of the cellulose and 88% of the hemicellulose was solubilized. Moreover, the fermentable sugar content increased 1800% compared with the initial conditions, obtaining 240 g of glucose per kg of OTP residue. The fermentable sugars obtained after the calcium hydroxide pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of OTP biomass yielded 2.8 g of ethanol/100 g of raw material.

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Xie, Mengzhen, Mingjian Gu, Chunming Zhang, Yong Hu, Tianhang Yang, Pengyu Huang, and Han Li. "Comparative Study of the Atmospheric Gas Composition Detection Capabilities of FY-3D/HIRAS-I and FY-3E/HIRAS-II Based on Information Capacity." Remote Sensing 15, no. 16 (August 20, 2023): 4096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15164096.

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Fengyun-3E (FY-3E)/Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder-II (HIRAS-II) is an extension Fengyun-3D (FY-3D)/HIRAS-I. It is crucial to fully explore and analyze the detection capabilities of these two instruments for atmospheric gas composition. Based on the observed spectral data from the infrared hyperspectral detection instruments FY-3D/HIRAS-I and FY-3E/HIRAS-II, simulated radiance data and Jacobian matrices are obtained using the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model RTTOV (Radiative Transfer for TOVS (TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder)). By perturbing temperature (T), surface temperature (Tsurf), water vapor (H2O), ozone (O3), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrous oxide (N2O), the brightness temperature differences before and after the perturbations are calculated to analyze the sensitivity of temperature and various atmospheric gas components. The Improved Optimal Sensitivity Profile (OSP) algorithm is used to select the channels for atmospheric gas retrieval. The observation error covariance and background error covariance matrices are calculated, and then the information capacity is calculated, specifically the degrees of freedom for signal(DFS) and the entropy reduction (ER). Based on this, a comparative analysis is conducted on the information capacity of atmospheric water vapor and ozone components contained in the hyperspectral detection data from HIRAS-I and HIRAS-II instruments, respectively, to explore the retrieval capabilities of the two instruments for atmospheric gas components. We selected clear-sky data from the African oceanic region and the Chinese Yangtze River Delta terrestrial region for quantitative analysis of the information capacity of HIRAS-I and HIRAS-II. The results show that FY-3D/HIRAS-I and FY-3E/HIRAS-II exhibit different sensitivities to atmospheric gas components. In different experimental regions, temperature and water vapor show the most dramatic sensitivity changes, followed by ozone, methane, and nitrous oxide, while carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide exhibit the lowest variability. Regarding channel selection, HIRAS-II identifies more gas channels compared to HIRAS-I. The experiments concluded that HIRAS-II has a significantly higher information capacity than HIRAS-I, and the information capacity of atmospheric gas components varies across different experimental regions. Water vapor and ozone exhibit the highest information capacity, followed by nitrous oxide and methane, while carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide demonstrate the lowest capacity. The H2O ER (DFS) contained in FY-3E/HIRAS-II is 1.51 (0.35) higher than that in FY-3D/HIRAS-I, the O3 ER (DFS) in FY-3E/HIRAS-II is 1.51 (0.36) higher than that in FY-3D/HIRAS-I, while the N2O ER (DFS) in FY-3E/HIRAS-II is 0.17 (0.19) higher and the CH4 ER (DFS) is 0.07 (0.04) higher than that in FY-3D/HIRAS-I.

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Jahanmiri, A., and R. Eslamloueyan. "Optimal temperature profile in methanol synthesis reactor." Chemical Engineering Communications 189, no. 6 (June 2002): 713–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986440212475.

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Maansson, Bengt, and Bjarne Andresen. "Optimal temperature profile for an ammonia reactor." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development 25, no. 1 (January 1986): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i200032a010.

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Madappa, Eshwari A., M. V. Sankalp Reddy, Rajaneesh R, Shashank A S, and Sudeep S. Kodad. "Encrypt Express: Security Enhancement, Maximizing Load Utilization in Cargo Transport through IoT and Algorithmic Solutions." International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering 12, no. 8 (July 30, 2024): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijese.e4490.12080724.

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The Encrypt Express model revolutionizes cargo logistics by leveraging IoT technology to improve safety, security, and efficiency. It integrates the DHT11 sensor to monitor environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, ensuring optimal storage of goods. Using one-time password (OTP) access for the doors significantly enhances security, while the cargo compartment is divided into two slots for better cargo management. The features of the model include distance-based pricing, optimizing costs based on journey length. To improve user experience and tracking, an intuitive user interface (UI) is combined with the Leaflet Maps application programming interface (API), providing real-time location data and easy navigation. Additionally, the system allows alerts to be sent via email if parameters such as temperature or humidity exceed defined thresholds, ensuring quick intervention and cargo security. This comprehensive approach offers many benefits such as security through OTP access, enhanced environmental monitoring through sensors, cost-effective pricing through distance-based calculation and managing goods effectively with divided compartments. The user-friendly UI and powerful tracking capabilities further enhance the system, making “ENCRYPT EXPRESS” a promising solution for the future of cargo logistics. By modernizing cargo operations, it sets new standards in reliability, efficiency, and customer satisfaction, transforming the way cargo is managed and transported in the logistics industry.

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De, S., P. K. Sanyal, A. K. Sarkar, N. K. Patel, S. Pal, and S. C. Mandal. "Screening for Indian isolates of egg-parasitic fungi for use in biological control of fascioliasis and amphistomiasis in ruminant livestock." Journal of Helminthology 82, no. 3 (September 2008): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x08982602.

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AbstractWild isolates of the egg-parasitic fungiPaecilomyces lilacinusandVerticillium chlamydosporium, obtained from the organic environment of Durg, Chhattisgarh, India, were subjected to screening forin vitrogrowth using different media types, range of incubation temperature and pH, and their predatory activity to the eggs ofFasciola giganticaandGigantocotyle explanatum. Maximum growth ofP. lilacinuswas obtained in corn-meal agar compared to any other media types. The preferred medium for growth ofV. chlamydosporiumwas corn-meal agar, followed by potato-dextrose agar. After initial growth for 16 h of incubation, no growth was observed in water agar for both the fungi. Six different temperatures – 4°C, 10°C, 18°C, 26°C, 34°C and 40°C – were used to observe growth profiles of the fungi in corn-meal agar medium. While no and very little growth ofP. lilacinusandV. chlamydosporiumwas observed at 4°C and 10°C, respectively, growth profiles of both the fungi were optimal at 26–40°C. A range of pH (pH 4–8) supported growth of bothP. lilacinusandV. chlamydosporium. Full-grown plates of the fungi baited with viable eggs ofF. giganticaandG. explanatumrevealed thatV. chlamydosporiumwas more vigorous in its egg-parasitic ability compared toP. lilacinus. Distortion of the eggs started on day 2–3 of egg baiting in culture plates ofV. chlamydosporium, with complete distortion by day 7. On the contrary,P. lilacinusexhibited very limited egg-parasitic ability and some of the baited eggs even showed development of miracidia.

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Terajima, Yoshimi, and Yasuo Nonaka. "Optimization of Retort Temperature Profile Using Optimal Control Theory." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 61, no. 586 (1995): 2387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.61.2387.

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Grasza, K., E. Janik, A. Mycielski, and J. Ba̧k-Misiuk. "The optimal temperature profile in crystal growth from the vapour." Journal of Crystal Growth 146, no. 1-4 (January 1995): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(94)00520-6.

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Mandija, Florian, Philippe Keckhut, Dunya Alraddawi, Sergey Khaykin, and Alain Sarkissian. "Climatology of Cirrus Clouds over Observatory of Haute-Provence (France) Using Multivariate Analyses on Lidar Profiles." Atmosphere 15, no. 10 (October 21, 2024): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101261.

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This study aims to achieve the classification of the cirrus clouds over the Observatory of Haute-Provence (OHP) in France. Rayleigh–Mie–Raman lidar measurements, in conjunction with the ERA5 dataset, are analyzed to provide geometrical morphology and optical cirrus properties over the site. The method of cirrus cloud climatology presented here is based on a threefold classification scheme based on the cirrus geometrical and optical properties and their formation history. Principal component analysis (PCA) and subsequent clustering provide four morphological cirrus classes, three optical groups, and two origin-related categories. Cirrus clouds occur approximately 37% of the time, with most being single-layered (66.7%). The mean cloud optical depth (COD) is 0.39 ± 0.46, and the mean heights range around 10.8 ± 1.35 km. Thicker tropospheric cirrus are observed under higher temperature and humidity conditions than cirrus observed in the vicinity of the tropopause level. Monthly cirrus occurrences fluctuate irregularly, whereas seasonal patterns peak in spring. Concerning the mechanism of the formation, it is found that the majority of cirrus clouds are of in situ origin. The liquid-origin cirrus category consists nearly entirely of thick cirrus. Overall results suggest that in situ origin thin cirrus, located in the upper tropospheric and tropopause regions, have the most noteworthy occurrence over the site.

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Ibrahim, Muhammad Naqiuddin Ali, Muhammad Sharfi Najib, and Suhaimi Mohd Daud. "Correlation Investigation of Odour-Profile and Temperature Intensity." MEKATRONIKA 4, no. 2 (November 23, 2022): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/mekatronika.v4i2.8943.

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Water is important to all human and economic activity. Despite its abundant water resources, Malaysia's water demand and consumption was increased in recent years. This study had been investigating the condition of Malaysia's water resources at present. This study aims to identify water by examining its odour profile and temperature intensity. E-Anfun E-nose was applied to generate a pattern of the volatile compounds included in the samples. The optimal correlation was discovered between odour feature extractions from many samples produced using the same E-Anfun unit. An intelligent algorithm namely Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) was employed to detect the odour of different national standard tap water samples. CBR has produced measurable performance of 100% classification rate of accuracy

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Wei, Huidong. "Optimisation on Thermoforming of Biodegradable Poly (Lactic Acid) (PLA) by Numerical Modelling." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040654.

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Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) has a broad perspective for manufacturing green thermoplastic products by thermoforming for its biodegradable properties. The mechanical behaviour of PLA has been demonstrated by its strong dependence on temperature and strain rate at biaxial deformation. A nonlinear viscoelastic model by the previous study was employed in a thermoforming process used for food packaging. An optimisation approach was developed by achieving the optimal temperature profile of specimens by defining multiple heating zones based on numerical modelling with finite element analysis (FEA). The forming process of a PLA product was illustrated by modelling results on shape evolution and biaxial strain history. The optimal temperature profile was suggested in scalloped zones to achieve more even thickness distribution. The sensitivity of the optimal results was addressed by checking the robustness under perturbation.

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DeVore, Ronald, and Enrique Zuazua. "Recovery of an initial temperature from discrete sampling." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 24, no. 12 (August 15, 2014): 2487–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202514500262.

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The problem of recovering the initial temperature of a body from discrete temperature measurements made at later times is studied. While this problem has a general formulation, the results of this paper are only given in the simplest setting of a finite (one-dimensional), constant coefficient, linear rod. It is shown that with a judicious placement of a thermometer on this rod, the initial temperature profile of the rod can be completely determined by later time measurements. The paper then studies the number of measurements that are needed to recover the initial profile to a prescribed accuracy and provides an optimal reconstruction algorithm under the assumption that the initial profile is in a Sobolev class.

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Zullo, Federico, and Claudio Giorgi. "On the Optimal Shape and Efficiency Improvement of Fin Heat Sinks." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010316.

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In this paper, we analyze the values of the entropic efficiency of longitudinal fins by investigating the coupling between the function describing the fin profile and the corresponding steady-state temperature distribution along the fin. By starting from different boundary conditions, we look at the distribution temperature maximizing the efficiency of the fin. From this temperature distribution and by requesting that the fin must comply with natural physical constraints, such as the maximum fin thickness, we obtain an optimal profile for a purely convective fin and a convecting–radiating fin. For different boundary conditions and for a maximum fin thickness equal to four (in dimensionless units), both the profiles are increasing starting from the fin base until they reach the maximum value and then decrease to zero at the tip. Analytic and numerical results, together with different plots, are presented.

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Spirkl, W., H. Ries, and A. Kribus. "Optimal Parallel Flow in Solar Collectors for Nonuniform Irradiance." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 119, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2887896.

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We consider volumetric thermal absorbers exposed to nonuniform irradiance. The fluid flows perpendicular to the absorber surface. The fluid transport from front to rear surface elements is connected in a parallel configuration. We investigate the optimum adjustment of the local mass flux or, equivalently, the local absorber temperature. Three different strategies are compared: (1) strategy of uniform mass flux, (2) strategy of uniform exit temperature, and (3) a strategy with a locally optimized temperature-flow profile. Significant improvement of strategy (2) compared to (1) and of strategy (3) compared to (2) is observed for the case of a black-body absorber which is isothermal in the direction normal to the absorber surface. We find it to be advantageous to include even regions where the stagnation temperature is below the desired exit temperature.

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VIJAYAKUMAR, V. "Absolute temperature directly from plank’s profile: A simulation." Journal of Ultra Scientist of Physical Sciences Section A 33, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22147/jusps-a/330201.

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The measured thermal radiation from a material surface will, in general, have a wave length (\lambda) dependent scale-factor to the Planck profile (PT) from the contributions of the emissivity (Є\lambda) of the surface, the response function (A\lambda) of the measurement setup, and the emission via non-Plank processes. For obtaining the absolute temperature from such a profile, a procedure that take care of these dependencies and which relay on a temperature grid searchis proposed. In the procedure, the deviation between the Plank profiles at various temperatures and the measured spectrum that is made equal to it at a selected wavelength, by scaling, is used. The response function (A\lambda) is eliminated at the measurement stage and the polynomial dependence of the remnant scale factor mostly dominated by Є\lambda) i s extracted from the measured spectrum by identifying its optimal \lambda dependence. It is shown that when such a computation is carried out over a temperature grid, the absolute temperature can be identified from the minimum of the above deviation. Here, search for T and Є\lambda) d elinked, unlike in the leastsquare approaches that are normally employed. Code that implements the procedure is tested with simulated Planck profile to which different viable values of Є\lambda) a nd noise is incorporated. It shown that if the \lambda dependence of scale-factor is not too high, the absolute temperature can be recovered. A large \lambda dependent scale-factor and the consequent possible error in the temperature obtained can also be identified.

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Rutkowski, Lucile, Alexandra C. Johansson, Damir Valiev, Amir Khodabakhsh, Arkadiusz Tkacz, Florian M. Schmidt, and Aleksandra Foltynowicz. "Detection of OH in an atmospheric flame at 1.5 um using optical frequency comb spectroscopy." Photonics Letters of Poland 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.2016.4.07.

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We report broadband detection of OH in a premixed CH4/air flat flame at atmospheric pressure using cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy based on an Er:fiber femtosecond laserand a Fourier transform spectrometer.By taking ratios of spectra measured at different heights above the burner we separate twenty OH transitions from the largely overlapping water background. Weretrieve from fits to the OH lines the relative variation of the OH concentration and flame temperature with height above the burner and compare them with 1-D simulations of the flamestructure. Full Text: PDF ReferencesG. Meijer, M. G. Boogaarts, R. T. Jongma, D. H. Parker and A. M. Wodtke, "Coherent cavity ring down spectroscopy", Chem. Phys. Lett. 217, 1, 112 (1994). CrossRef S. Cheskis, I. Derzy, V. A. Lozovsky, A. Kachanov and D. Romanini, "Cavity ring-down spectroscopy of OH radicals in low pressure flame", Appl. Phys. B 66, 3, 377 (1998). CrossRef X. Mercier, E. Therssen, J. F. Pauwels and P. Desgroux, "Cavity ring-down measurements of OH radical in atmospheric premixed and diffusion flames.: A comparison with laser-induced fluorescence and direct laser absorption", Chem. Phys. Lett. 299, 1, 75 (1999). CrossRef J. Scherer, D. Voelkel and D. Rakestraw, "Infrared cavity ringdown laser absorption spectroscopy (IR-CRLAS) in low pressure flames", Appl. Phys. B 64, 6, 699 (1997). CrossRef R. Peeters, G. Berden and G. Meijer, "Near-infrared cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy of hot water and OH in an oven and in flames", Appl. Phys. B 73, 1, 65 (2001). CrossRef T. Aizawa, "Diode-laser wavelength-modulation absorption spectroscopy for quantitative in situ measurements of temperature and OH radical concentration in combustion gases", Appl. Opt. 40, 27, 4894 (2001). CrossRef B. Löhden, S. Kuznetsova, K. Sengstock, V. M. Baev, et al., "Fiber laser intracavity absorption spectroscopy for in situ multicomponent gas analysis in the atmosphere and combustion environments", Appl. Phys. B 102, 2, 331 (2011). CrossRef A. Matynia, M. Idir, J. Molet, C. Roche, et al., "Absolute OH concentration profiles measurements in high pressure counterflow flames by coupling LIF, PLIF, and absorption techniques", Appl. Phys. B 108, 2, 393 (2012). CrossRef R. S. Watt, T. Laurila, C. F. Kaminski and J. Hult, "Cavity Enhanced Spectroscopy of High-Temperature H2O in the Near-Infrared Using a Supercontinuum Light Source", Appl. Spectrosc. 63, 12, 1389 (2009). CrossRef C. Abd Alrahman, A. Khodabakhsh, F. M. Schmidt, Z. Qu and A. Foltynowicz, "Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy of high-temperature H2O in a flame", Opt. Express 22, 11, 13889 (2014). CrossRef A. Foltynowicz, P. Maslowski, A. J. Fleisher, B. J. Bjork and J. Ye, "Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy in the mid-infrared application to trace detection of hydrogen peroxide", Appl. Phys. B 110, 2, 163 (2013). CrossRef Z. Qu, R. Ghorbani, D. Valiev and F. M. Schmidt, "Calibration-free scanned wavelength modulation spectroscopy ? application to H2O and temperature sensing in flames", Opt. Express 23, 12, 16492 (2015). CrossRef L. Rutkowski, A. Khodabakhsh, A. C. Johansson, D. M. Valiev, et al., "Measurement of H2O and OH in a Flame by Optical Frequency Comb Spectroscopy", CLEO: Science and Innovations SW4H.8 (2016). CrossRef L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, Y. Babikov, A. Barbe, et al., "The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic database", J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 130, 4 (2013). CrossRef

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Gnybida, M., Ch Rümpler, and V. R. T. Narayanan. "Optimal Band Selection for the Calculation of Planck Mean Absorption Coefficients." PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 4, no. 1 (2017): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ppt.2017.1.70.

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Radiative heat transfer is a major heat loss mechanism in thermal plasmas generated during arc flashes/faults in switchgear applications or during high current interruption in low voltage circuit breakers. A common way to calculate the radiation balance is by means of approximate non-gray radiation models like P1 or discrete ordinates (DOM), where the frequency dependent absorption and emission are described in a number of frequency intervals (bands) using a constant absorption coefficient in each band. Current work is focused on finding the optimal number of bands as well as band interval boundaries that provide a reasonable level of accuracy in comparison to a full spectral solution. An optimization procedure has been applied to different SF6 and copper vapor gas mixtures for an assumed temperature profile. Radiation model results using optimized band averaged absorption coefficients as well as spectral values are provided and discussed for the exemplary temperature profile.

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Vasilkov, Alexander, Eun-Su Yang, Sergey Marchenko, Wenhan Qin, Lok Lamsal, Joanna Joiner, Nickolay Krotkov, David Haffner, Pawan K. Bhartia, and Robert Spurr. "A cloud algorithm based on the O2-O2 477 nm absorption band featuring an advanced spectral fitting method and the use of surface geometry-dependent Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2018): 4093–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4093-2018.

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Abstract. We discuss a new cloud algorithm that retrieves an effective cloud pressure, also known as cloud optical centroid pressure (OCP), from oxygen dimer (O2-O2) absorption at 477 nm after determining an effective cloud fraction (ECF) at 466 nm, a wavelength not significantly affected by trace-gas absorption and rotational Raman scattering. The retrieved cloud products are intended for use as inputs to the operational nitrogen dioxide (NO2) retrieval algorithm for the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) flying on the Aura satellite. The cloud algorithm uses temperature-dependent O2-O2 cross sections and incorporates flexible spectral fitting techniques that account for specifics of the surface reflectivity. The fitting procedure derives O2-O2 slant column densities (SCDs) from radiances after O3, NO2, and H2O absorption features have been removed based on estimates of the amounts of these species from independent OMI algorithms. The cloud algorithm is based on the frequently used mixed Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity (MLER) concept. A geometry-dependent Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity (GLER), which is a proxy of surface bidirectional reflectance, is used for the ground reflectivity in our implementation of the MLER approach. The OCP is derived from a match of the measured O2-O2 SCD to that calculated with the MLER method. Temperature profiles needed for computation of vertical column densities are taken from the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) model. We investigate the effect of using GLER instead of climatological LER on the retrieved ECF and OCP. For evaluation purposes, the retrieved ECFs and OCPs are compared with those from the operational OMI cloud product, which is also based on the same O2-O2 absorption band. Impacts of the application of the newly developed cloud algorithm to the OMI NO2 retrieval are discussed.

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Ivannikov, Valerii, Maksim Nikulin, and Sergej Samojlenkov. "DETERMINATION AND PROVISION OF OPTIMAL THERMAL PROFILE IN TRANSMISSION UNITS OF WHEELED VEHICLES DURING OPERATION AT LOW TEMPERATURES." Voronezh Scientific-Technical Bulletin 2, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2311-8873-2022-50-57.

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The article discusses materials on optimizing the temperature regime of transmission units of wheeled vehicles when operating at low temperatures. In preparing this review, we used materials in Russian published in the period from 2000 to 2021. We analyzed the materials illustrating the determination of the optimal temperature regime for transmission units, considered integrated heat supply systems, and proposed directions for further development of the process for determining and ensuring the optimal thermal profile in the transmission units of wheeled vehicles.

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Song, Hongqing, Jie Zhang, Yueqiang Sun, Yongping Li, Xianguo Zhang, Dongyu Ma, and Jue Kou. "Theoretical Study on Thermal Release of Helium-3 in Lunar Ilmenite." Minerals 11, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030319.

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The in-situ utilization of lunar helium-3 resource is crucial to manned lunar landings and lunar base construction. Ilmenite was selected as the representative mineral which preserves most of the helium-3 in lunar soil. The implantation of helium-3 ions into ilmenite was simulated to figure out the concentration profile of helium-3 trapped in lunar ilmenite. Based on the obtained concentration profile, the thermal release model for molecular dynamics was established to investigate the diffusion and release of helium-3 in ilmenite. The optimal heating temperature, the diffusion coefficient, and the release rate of helium-3 were analyzed. The heating time of helium-3 in lunar ilmenite under actual lunar conditions was also studied using similitude analysis. The results show that after the implantation of helium-3 into lunar ilmenite, it is mainly trapped in vacancies and interstitials of ilmenite crystal and the corresponding concentration profile follows a Gaussian distribution. As the heating temperature rises, the cumulative amounts of released helium-3 increase rapidly at first and then tend to stabilize. The optimal heating temperature of helium-3 is about 1000 K and the corresponding cumulative release amount is about 74%. The diffusion coefficient and activation energy of helium-3 increase with the temperature. When the energy of helium-3 is higher than the binding energy of the ilmenite lattice, the helium-3 is released rapidly on the microscale. Furthermore, when the heating temperature increases, the heating time for thermal release of helium-3 under actual lunar conditions decreases. For the optimal heating temperature of 1000 K, the thermal release time of helium-3 is about 1 s. The research could provide a theoretical basis for in-situ helium-3 resources utilization on the moon.

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M. Luqman Saiful Fikri, M. Untung Zaenal Priyadi, Yasya khalif perdana saleh, Mohamad Zaenudin, Adhes gamayel, Askar Triwiyanto, and I Nyoman Jujur. "Pengaruh Waktu Injeksi Material pada Brush Handle menggunakan Software Autodesk Moldflow." Jurnal Permadi : Perancangan, Manufaktur, Material dan Energi 6, no. 01 (January 31, 2024): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/permadi.v6i01.143.

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Optimising injection moulding parameters to reduce defects such as bubbles, warping and shrinkage is a key issue in the simulation of brush handle products using Moldflow software. This approach allows to examine the projected filling behaviour in detail. In this research, the main focus is to optimise process parameters such as fill time against injection pressure, and flow rate to produce high quality brush handle products from HDPE material. This study aims to determine the optimisation of the brush handle product process from HDPE material with Moldflow software. The results show that the optimal fill time is 1.019 seconds, the optimal injection pressure is 16.81 MPa, and the optimal temperature profile is in the range of 219.5°C to 228.0°C to ensure good filling and prevent material degradation. In addition, the optimum bulk temperature is 222.1°C to ensure an effective cooling process and uniform temperature distribution during mould filling. By optimising process parameters such as filling time, filling pressure, and temperature profile, simulation with Moldflow software can help reduce defects such as bubbles, warping, and shrinkage in brush handle products manufactured through the injection moulding process. This approach enables detailed evaluation of filling behaviour and optimisation of product design and production workflow.

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Demin, Dmitriy. "Experimental and industrial method of synthesis of optimal control of the temperature region of cupola melting." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 2 (March 6, 2023): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002804.

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The object of research is the temperature regime of melting in a cupola. The synthesis of optimal control of such an object is associated with the presence of a problem consisting in the complexity of its mathematical description and the absence of procedures that allow one to obtain optimal control laws. These problems are due to the presence of links with a pure delay, non-additive random drift, and difficulties in controlling the process parameters, in particular, accurately determining the temperature profile along the horizons and the periphery of the working space of the cupola. The proposed conceptual solution for the synthesis of optimal temperature control allows the use of two levels of control: the level controller solves the problem of maintaining the constant height of the idle charge, and the problem of increasing the temperature of cast iron is solved by controlling the air supply to the tuyere box. It is shown that the problem of regulating the upper level of an idle charge can be solved by reducing the model of the regulation process to a typical form, followed by the use of the Pontryagin maximum principle. A procedure for the synthesis of optimal air flow control is proposed, which makes it possible to obtain the temperature regime control law on the basis of experimental industrial studies preceding the synthesis process. This takes into account the time delay between the impact on the object and its reaction, which makes it possible to predict the temperature value one step acharge, equal to the time interval during which the lower surface of the fuel charge reaches the upper surface of the level of the idle charge. A procedure for temperature profile control based on the use of D-optimal plans for selecting sensor installation points is proposed. Due to this, it becomes possible to determine the temperature profile of the cupola according to its horizons and the periphery of the working space of the cupola with maximum accuracy. The proposed synthesis method can be used in iron foundries equipped with cupolas, as it is a tool for studying a real production process, taking into account its specific conditions. This will allow developing or improving control systems for cupola melting, implementing different control modes: manual, automated or automatic

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Li, Jun, Lingen Chen, and Fengrui Sun. "Maximum work output of multistage continuous Carnot heat engine system with finite reservoirs of thermal capacity and radiation between heat source and working fluid." Thermal Science 14, no. 1 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1001001l.

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Optimal temperature profile for maximum work output of multistage continuous Carnot heat engine system with two reservoirs of finite thermal capacity is determined. The heat transfer between heat source and the working fluid obeys radiation law and the heat transfer between heat sink and the working fluid obeys linear law. The solution is obtained by using optimal control theory and pseudo-Newtonian heat transfer model. It is shown that the temperature of driven fluid monotonically decreases with respect to flow velocity and process duration. The maximum work is obtained. The obtained results are compared with those obtained with infinite low temperature heat sink.

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Zubair, S. M., A. Z. Al-Garni, and J. S. Nizami. "The optimal dimensions of circular fins with variable profile and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 39, no. 16 (November 1996): 3431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(96)00011-7.

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Yadav, Vivek, Radhakant Padhi, and S. N. Balakrishnan. "Robust/Optimal Temperature Profile Control of a High-Speed Aerospace Vehicle Using Neural Networks." IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 18, no. 4 (July 2007): 1115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnn.2007.899229.

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Mutturi, Sarma, and Gunnar Lidén. "Model-based estimation of optimal temperature profile during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation ofArundo donax." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 111, no. 5 (December 17, 2013): 866–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.25165.

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Li, Chao, Hermann Held, Sascha Hokamp, and Jochem Marotzke. "Optimal temperature overshoot profile found by limiting global sea level rise as a lower-cost climate target." Science Advances 6, no. 2 (January 2020): eaaw9490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw9490.

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The global temperature targets of limiting surface warming to below 2.0°C or even to 1.5°C have been widely accepted through the Paris Agreement. However, limiting surface warming has previously been proven insufficient to control sea level rise (SLR). Here, we explore a sea level target that is closer to coastal planning and associated adaptation measures than a temperature target. We find that a sea level target provides an optimal temperature overshoot profile through a physical constraint of SLR. The allowable temperature overshoot leads to lower mitigation costs and more effective long-term sea level stabilization compared to a temperature target leading to the same SLR by 2200. With the same mitigation cost as the temperature target, a SLR target could bring surface warming back to the targeted temperatures within this century, lead to a reduction of surface warming of the next century, and reduce and slow down SLR in the centuries thereafter.

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Zhang, Yun Ji, Yong Su, Ran Wei, San Zhou Yi, and Bin Wan. "Portholes Die Extrusion Process Numerical Simulation and Optimal Die Design." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1821.

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In the paper, extrusion process of hollow aluminum profile was simulated using DEFORM-3D; the metal flow velocity of setting baffle-blocks before and after is compared. Three kinds of welding chamber depth of 10 mm, 13 mm, 15 mm were used respectively for extrusion process simulation and got die load varying pattern. Also the strain field and temperature field were analyzed. The results show that the metal flow velocity was more well-distributed by setting A、B、C、D baffle-blocks. When the weld chamber depth is 13 mm, the die load is the smallest. By analyzing the strain field and temperature field,The results showed that the major cause of metal temperature rising in the extrusion process is deformation energy generating in the process of metal plastic deformation.

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Rokne, J., B. M. Singh, R. S. Dhaliwal, and J. Vrbik. "The axisymmetric Boussinesq-type problem for a half-space under optimal heating of arbitrary profile." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2004, no. 40 (2004): 2123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171204308227.

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A solution of the axisymmetric Boussinesq-type problem is derived for transient thermal stresses in a half-space under heating by using the Laplace and Hankel transforms. An analytical method is developed to predict the temperature field that satisfies the prescribed mechanical conditions. Several simple shapes of punches of arbitrary profile are considered and an expression for the total load is derived to achieve penetration. The numerical results for the temperature and the total load on the punch are shown graphically.

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Han, In-Su, Chang-Bock Chung, and Jae-Woo Lee. "Optimal Curing of Rubber Compounds with Reversion Type Cure Behavior." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 73, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547572.

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Abstract A systematic procedure is presented for the optimal curing of rubber compounds showing reversion type cure behavior. First, a cure kinetic model is proposed that can explain the reversion and the induction period commonly found in the vulcanization of rubber compounds. The state of cure behavior is analyzed as a function of cure temperature and time on the basis of the derived kinetic model. Then, the problem of determining optimal cure temperature profile for a rubber slab in a simple cure press is addressed and formulated into a constrained dynamic optimization problem. Finally, numerical algorithms and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the proposed cure optimization procedure.

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Camaraza-medina, Yanan, Gabriel Roque-Villalonga, Abel Hernandez-guerrero, and Jose luis Luviano ortiz. "OPTIMAL PROFILE FOR A FIN OF CONSTANT CROSS SECTION WITH MODELATION OF THE THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 54, no. 2 (March 11, 2024): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2024.936.

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The dependence of the temperature and composition on thermal conductivity of steel, and its influence in the optimal profile for a fin of constant cross section to be used in air cooled condenser is presented. In Air Cooled Condensers (ACC), air is used as refrigerant, which forces the need for fins to improve the heat transfer process leading to appreciable increments in the costs of the installation. Therefore, developing better fins profile will allow optimizing the operation, maximizing the heat transfer and minimizing the manufacturing cost of the fins. To this objective, in the present paper, three geometric parameters, thickness, height and surface of heat transfer of the fin, this parameters influence directly the optimal obtained profile for conditions of maximum heat flux and optimal Biot number. The study was accomplished for fins of constant cross section. In a future work, fins of variable cross sections will be considered.

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Hristov, Jordan. "A note on the integral approach to non-linear heat conduction with Jeffrey’s fading memory." Thermal Science 17, no. 3 (2013): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120826076h.

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Integral approach by using approximate profile is successfully applied to heat conduction equation with fading memory expressed by a Jeffrey?s kernel. The solution is straightforward and the final form of the approximate temperature profile clearly delineates the ?viscous effects? corresponding to the classical Fourier law and the relaxation (fading memory). The optimal exponent of the approximate solution is discussed in case of Dirichlet boundary condition.

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Yang, Tingsong, Jiayang Liu, Xinyi Ren, Yingwei Wang, and Fengshan Du. "Research on roll profile electromagnetic control ability in optimal electromagnetic stick parameter." Metallurgical Research & Technology 118, no. 3 (2021): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2021031.

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Roll profile electromagnetic control technology (RPECT) is a new strip flatness control technology. As the control element, electromagnetic sticks have a great effect on the control ability of RPECT. To improve control ability and extend service life, effective control ratio of electromagnetic stick is presented in this paper. The ratio is designed based on the structure character of electromagnetic stick, and can be used to evaluate the key parameter of electromagnetic stick. Based on the coupled FEM, the heat flux density of the roll inner hole and the temperature distribution of electromagnetic stick are analyzed for different effective control ratios; the average contact pressure between electromagnetic stick and electromagnetic control roll is studied to evaluate the change of force roll profile; the state of roll profile and the stress state of the roll are researched to analyze the comprehensive control ability. Through the verification on the roll profile electromagnetic control experimental platform, the reasonable selection range of effective control ratio, which can be used to expand the roll profile axial affected area, is from 0.5 to 0.583. In order to increase the roll crown, the selection of ηd needs to consider the current density and the optimal selection range of effective control ratio.

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Agusto, Folashade B. "Optimal Control and Temperature Variations of Malaria Transmission Dynamics." Complexity 2020 (November 28, 2020): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5056432.

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Malaria is a Plasmodium parasitic disease transmitted by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Climatic factors, such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind, have significant effects on the incidence of most vector-borne diseases, including malaria. The mosquito behavior, life cycle, and overall fitness are affected by these climatic factors. This paper presents the results obtained from investigating the optimal control strategies for malaria in the presence of temperature variation using a temperature-dependent malaria model. The study further identified the temperature ranges in four different geographical regions of sub-Saharan Africa, suitable for mosquitoes. The optimal control strategies in the temperature suitable ranges suggest, on average, a high usage of both larvicides and adulticides followed by a moderate usage of personal protection such as bednet. The average optimal bednet usage mimics the solution profile of the mosquitoes as the mosquitoes respond to changes in temperature. Following the results from the optimal control, this study also investigates using a temperature-dependent model with insecticide-sensitive and insecticide-resistant mosquitoes the impact of insecticide-resistant mosquitoes on disease burden when temperature varies. The results obtained indicate that optimal bednet usage on average is higher when insecticide-resistant mosquitoes are present. Besides, the average bednet usage increases as temperature increases to the optimal temperature suitable for mosquitoes, and it decreases after that, a pattern similar to earlier results involving insecticide-sensitive mosquitoes. Thus, personal protection, particularly the use of bednets, should be encouraged not only at low temperatures but particularly at high temperatures when individuals avoid the use of bednets. Furthermore, control and reduction of malaria may be possible even when mosquitoes develop resistance to insecticides.

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Park, Cheolmin, Sungyoon Chung, Nagarajan Balaji, Shihyun Ahn, Sunhwa Lee, Jinjoo Park, and Junsin Yi. "Analysis of Contact Reaction Phenomenon between Aluminum–Silver and p+ Diffused Layer for n-Type c-Si Solar Cell Applications." Energies 13, no. 17 (September 2, 2020): 4537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174537.

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In this study, the contact mechanism between Ag–Al and Si and the change in contact resistance (Rc) were analyzed by varying the firing profile. The front electrode of an n-type c-Si solar cell was formed through a screen-printing process using Ag–Al paste. Rc was measured by varying the belt speed and peak temperature of the fast-firing furnace. Rc value of 6.98 mΩ-cm−2 was obtained for an optimal fast-firing profile with 865 °C peak temperature and 110 inches per min belt speed. The contact phenomenon and the influence of impurities between the front-electrode–Si interface and firing conditions were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The EDS analysis revealed that the peak firing temperature at 865 °C exhibited a low atomic weight percentage of Al (0.72 and 0.36%) because Al was involved in the formation of alloy of Si with the front electrode. Based on the optimal results, a solar cell with a conversion efficiency of 19.46% was obtained.

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Foschi, Martina, Lorenzo Marsili, Ilaria Luciani, Giulia Gornati, Claudia Scappaticci, Fabrizio Ruggieri, Angelo Antonio D’Archivio, and Alessandra Biancolillo. "Optimization of the Cold Water Extraction Method for High-Value Bioactive Compounds from Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Flower Heads Through Chemometrics." Molecules 29, no. 20 (October 17, 2024): 4925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29204925.

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This study focused on optimizing a cold water extraction method to obtain bioactive compounds from chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), addressing increasing consumer demand for natural products and nutraceuticals. A full-factorial design was employed to evaluate the effects of temperature, time, and chamomile amount on the polyphenolic profile of extracts. The samples were characterized by HPLC-DAD and UV-Vis coupled with chemometrics; the analysis showed that extraction time negatively affected extract quality, as did the interaction between time and temperature. In addition, a significant positive quadratic effect for temperature and a positive coefficient for chamomile amount was found. ASCA was used to assess the UV-Vis profile, offering an alternative untargeted method for understanding the variable effects. The optimal extraction conditions (25 °C, 32 min, and 2.5 g of chamomile) produced samples high in hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanol derivatives. Using A face-centered design, this study also monitored antioxidant activity via a DPPH scavenging assay, confirming that the optimal conditions yielded samples within the range of maximum antioxidant activity in the studied experimental domain.

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Yang, Weisong, Shukun Wang, Wei Song, and Lili Ren. "Optimal Design of Cash Circulation Module Gear for Financial Machinery Based on Tribology." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (April 28, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5415416.

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To achieve the characteristics of the cash cycle module of a financial machine, such as a compact transmission mechanism, high transmission accuracy, large torque, high rotation speed, high service temperature, no lubrication, and long service life, this work presented a solution to optimize the tooth shape of a thermoplastic gear and the design of a thermoplastic gear with a limit pressure angle of 35°. Through the modeling and simulation analysis of the factors affecting the life of the gear, it was found that the gear with the improved tooth profile was superior to the control gear without the improved tooth profile in terms of sliding wear of the tooth surface, thermal deformation wear, and interference wear. The experimental results demonstrated that the wear resistance of a thermoplastic gear with a tooth profile of 35° was 1.1 times higher than that of the gear with a tooth profile of 20°, which was consistent with the simulation analysis results and can be used as a theoretical basis for thermoplastic gear design in related fields.

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39

Mahagammulla Gamage, Shayamila, Robert J. Sica, Giovanni Martucci, and Alexander Haefele. "Retrieval of temperature from a multiple channel pure rotational Raman backscatter lidar using an optimal estimation method." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 5801–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5801-2019.

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Abstract. We present a new method for retrieving temperature from pure rotational Raman (PRR) lidar measurements. Our optimal estimation method (OEM) used in this study uses the full physics of PRR scattering and does not require any assumption of the form for a calibration function nor does it require fitting of calibration factors over a large range of temperatures. The only calibration required is the estimation of the ratio of the lidar constants of the two PRR channels (coupling constant) that can be evaluated at a single or multiple height bins using a simple analytic expression. The uncertainty budget of our OEM retrieval includes both statistical and systematic uncertainties, including the uncertainty in the determination of the coupling constant on the temperature. We show that the error due to calibration can be reduced significantly using our method, in particular in the upper troposphere when calibration is only possible over a limited temperature range. Some other advantages of our OEM over the traditional Raman lidar temperature retrieval algorithm include not requiring correction or gluing to the raw lidar measurements, providing a cutoff height for the temperature retrievals that specifies the height to which the retrieved profile is independent of the a priori temperature profile, and the retrieval's vertical resolution as a function of height. The new method is tested on PRR temperature measurements from the MeteoSwiss RAman Lidar for Meteorological Observations system in clear and cloudy sky conditions, compared to temperature calculated using the traditional PRR calibration formulas, and validated with coincident radiosonde temperature measurements in clear and cloudy conditions during both daytime and nighttime.

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Kodama, Akio, Motonobu Goto, Tsutomu Hirose, and Toshimi Kuma. "Temperature Profile and Optimal Rotation Speed of a Honeycomb Rotor Adsorber Operated with Thermal Swing." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 27, no. 5 (1994): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.27.644.

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Morosohk, Shira, Zibo Wang, Sai Tej Paruchuri, Tariq Rafiq, and Eugenio Schuster. "Optimal control of the electron temperature profile in DIII-D using machine learning surrogate models." Fusion Engineering and Design 206 (September 2024): 114615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2024.114615.

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Smirnova, Margarita, Valeria Tafintseva, Achim Kohler, Uladzislau Miamin, and Volha Shapaval. "Temperature- and Nutrients-Induced Phenotypic Changes of Antarctic Green Snow Bacteria Probed by High-Throughput FTIR Spectroscopy." Biology 11, no. 6 (June 9, 2022): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11060890.

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Temperature fluctuations and nutrient composition are the main parameters influencing green snow microbiome. In this study we investigated the influence of temperature and nutrient conditions on the growth and cellular chemical profile of bacteria isolated from green snow. Chemical profiling of the green snow bacteria was done by high-throughput FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis. We showed that temperature and nutrients fluctuations strongly affect growth ability and chemical profile of the green snow bacteria. The size of colonies for green snow bacteria grown at higher (25 °C) and lower (4 °C and 10 °C) than optimal temperature (18 °C) was smaller. All isolates grew on rich medium, and only 19 isolates were able to grow on synthetic minimal media. Lipid and mixed spectral regions showed to be phylogeny related. FTIR fingerprinting indicates that lipids are often affected by the temperature fluctuations. Growth on different media resulted in the change of the whole chemical profile, where lipids showed to be more affected than proteins and polysaccharides. Correlation analysis showed that nutrient composition is clearly strongly influencing chemical changes in the cells, followed by temperature.

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Miao, Cong, and Hai Bo Yang. "Analysis on the Optimal Process of Aluminum Profile Extrusion with Two-Hole Dies." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 1246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.1246.

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In this paper, using orthogonal design method, considering the extrusion temperature, extrusion speed, extrusion billet, die structure, which will affect the uniformity of the metal flow[1]. Using the outlet velocity average standard deviation, the average pressure and the mean maximum equivalent stress as the criterion, select the optimal process scheme of two-hole dies aluminum profile extrusion. And the optimal scheme is validated by simulation and, the results show that the extrusion velocity is uniform, no forming defects, it can stably forming. At the same time, the experiment provides theoretical guidance for real extrusion production with multi-hole dies.

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He, Yang, Zheng Sheng, Yanwei Zhu, and Mingyuan He. "Adaptive Variational Mode Decomposition Method for Eliminating Instrument Noise in Turbulence Detection." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 38, no. 1 (January 2021): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-20-0004.1.

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AbstractNoise removal is a key issue in the retrieval of turbulence from meteorological radiosonde data using the method proposed by Thorpe. Only by reducing as much as possible the influence of noise in the potential temperature fluctuations can the retrieval results reflect the turbulence characteristics of the real atmosphere. In this paper, an adaptive variational mode decomposition (VMD) method is proposed that is used to remove noise fluctuations from the potential temperature profile, and particle swarm optimization and mutual information are used to optimize the preset VMD parameters. The Thorpe method is applied to the denoised potential temperature profile to identify and characterize turbulent regions. The results show that the adaptive VMD method is very effective for denoising the potential temperature profile in both simulation experiments and actual detection data. The real turbulence overturn can be selected from the inversions by optimal smoothing and statistical tests. This method is an improvement on the Wilson method and allows the Thorpe method to be applied to daytime sounding data, avoiding the confusion between noise and turbulence that results in the distortion of the turbulence scale.

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Dong, Long, Fajun Zhao, Huili Zhang, Yongjian Liu, Qingyu Huang, Da Liu, Siqi Guo, and Fankun Meng. "Experimental Study on Enhanced Oil Recovery Effect of Profile Control System-Assisted Steam Flooding." Polymers 15, no. 23 (November 24, 2023): 4524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15234524.

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Steam flooding is an effective development method for heavy oil reservoirs, and the steam flooding assisted by the profile control system can plug the dominant channels and further improve the recovery factor. High-temperature-resistant foam as a profile control system is a hot research topic, and the key lies in the optimal design of the foam system. In this paper, lignin was modified by sulfonation to obtain a high-temperature-resistant modified lignin named CRF; the foaming agent CX-5 was confirmed to have good high-temperature foaming ability by reducing the surface tension; the formula of the profile control system (A compound system of CRF and CX-5, abbreviated as PCS) and the best application parameters were optimized by the foam resistance factor. Finally, the effect of PCS-assisted steam flooding in enhanced oil recovery was evaluated by single sand packing tube flooding, three parallel tube flooding, and large-scale sand packing model flooding experiments. The results show that CX-5 has a good high-temperature foaming performance; the foam volume can reach more than 180 mL at 300 °C, and the half-life is more than 300 s. The optimal PCS formulation is 0.3 wt% CRF as an oil displacement agent + 0.5 wt% CX-5 as a foaming agent. The optimal gas–liquid ratio range is 1:2 to 2:1, and the high pressure and permeability are more conducive to the generation and stability of the foam. Compared with steam flooding, PCS-assisted steam flooding can improve oil recovery by 9% and 7.9% at 200 °C and 270 °C, respectively. PCS can effectively improve the heterogeneity of the reservoir, and increase the oil recovery of the three-parallel tube flooding experiment by 28.7%. Finally, the displacement results of the sand-packing model with large dimensions show that PCS can also expand the swept volume of the homogeneous model, but the effect is 9.46% worse than that of the heterogeneous model.

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NAVARRO, M. C., and H. HERRERO. "INFLUENCE OF OPTIMAL CONTROL ON BIFURCATIONS OF 3D AXISYMMETRIC BUOYANT FLOWS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 19, no. 04 (April 2009): 1279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127409023627.

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This paper shows the effects of optimal control techniques on pattern formation in a three-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard problem with nonhomogeneous heating from below. In particular, we consider a cylindrical domain with a heating profile at the bottom localized around the origin. An axisymmetric basic state appears as soon a nonzero horizontal temperature gradient is imposed. The basic state may bifurcate to different solutions as spiral waves, stationary patterns, etc., depending on the vertical and lateral temperature gradients and on the shape of the heating function. An optimal control problem that determines the thermal boundary condition minimizing the enstrophy is proposed. The control boundary condition obtained changes the leading mode in the bifurcation and allows to eliminate the instabilities for some values of the parameters.

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Henze, Gregor P., Thoi H. Le, Anthony R. Florita, and Clemens Felsmann. "Sensitivity Analysis of Optimal Building Thermal Mass Control." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 4 (May 19, 2006): 473–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2770755.

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In order to avoid high utility demand charges from cooling during the summer and to level a building’s electrical demand profile, precooling of the building’s massive structure can be applied to shift cooling-related thermal loads in response to utility pricing signals. Several previous simulation and experimental studies have shown that proper precooling can attain considerable reduction of operating cost in buildings. This paper systematically evaluates the merits of the passive building thermal capacitance to minimize energy cost for a design day using optimal control. The evaluation is conducted by means of a sensitivity analysis utilizing a dynamic building energy simulation program coupled to a popular technical computing environment. The optimal controller predicts the required extent of precooling (zone temperature set-point depression), depending on the utility rate structure, occupancy and on-peak period duration and onset, internal gains, building mass, occupancy period temperature set-point range, and weather as characterized by diurnal temperature and relative humidity swings. In addition to quantifying the building response, energy consumption, and utility cost, this paper extracts the dominant features of the optimal precooling strategies for each of the investigated cases so that guidelines for near-optimal building thermal mass savings may be developed in the future.

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Hoffmann, Anne, Christian Lorenz, Jörg Fallmann, Philippe Wolff, Antony Lechner, Heike Betat, Mario Mörl, and Peter F. Stadler. "Temperature-Dependent tRNA Modifications in Bacillales." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16 (August 13, 2024): 8823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168823.

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Transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications are essential for the temperature adaptation of thermophilic and psychrophilic organisms as they control the rigidity and flexibility of transcripts. To further understand how specific tRNA modifications are adjusted to maintain functionality in response to temperature fluctuations, we investigated whether tRNA modifications represent an adaptation of bacteria to different growth temperatures (minimal, optimal, and maximal), focusing on closely related psychrophilic (P. halocryophilus and E. sibiricum), mesophilic (B. subtilis), and thermophilic (G. stearothermophilus) Bacillales. Utilizing an RNA sequencing approach combined with chemical pre-treatment of tRNA samples, we systematically profiled dihydrouridine (D), 4-thiouridine (s4U), 7-methyl-guanosine (m7G), and pseudouridine (Ψ) modifications at single-nucleotide resolution. Despite their close relationship, each bacterium exhibited a unique tRNA modification profile. Our findings revealed increased tRNA modifications in the thermophilic bacterium at its optimal growth temperature, particularly showing elevated levels of s4U8 and Ψ55 modifications compared to non-thermophilic bacteria, indicating a temperature-dependent regulation that may contribute to thermotolerance. Furthermore, we observed higher levels of D modifications in psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria, indicating an adaptive strategy for cold environments by enhancing local flexibility in tRNAs. Our method demonstrated high effectiveness in identifying tRNA modifications compared to an established tool, highlighting its potential for precise tRNA profiling studies.

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Lee, Kim, and Kim. "Experimental Study on Forced Convection Heat Transfer from Plate-Fin Heat Sinks with Partial Heating." Processes 7, no. 10 (October 21, 2019): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7100772.

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In this study, plate-fin heat sinks with partial heating under forced convection were experimentally investigated. The base temperature profiles of the plate-fin heat sinks were measured for various heating lengths, heating positions, flow rates, and channel widths. From the experimental data, the effects of heating length, heating position, and flow rate on the base temperature profile and the thermal performance were investigated. Finally, the characteristics of the optimal heating position were investigated. As a result, it was shown that the optimal heating position was on the upstream side in the case of the heat sinks under laminar developing flow, as opposed to the heat sinks under turbulent flow. It was also shown that the optimal heating position could change significantly due to heat losses through the front and back of the heat sink, while the effects of the heat loss through the sides of the heat sink on the optimal heating position were negligible. In addition, it was shown that the one-dimensional numerical model with empirical coefficients could predict the important trends in the measured temperature profiles, thermal resistances, and optimal heating lengths.

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Curk, Tine, Jure Dobnikar, and Daan Frenkel. "Optimal multivalent targeting of membranes with many distinct receptors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 28 (June 26, 2017): 7210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704226114.

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Cells can often be recognized by the concentrations of receptors expressed on their surface. For better (targeted drug treatment) or worse (targeted infection by pathogens), it is clearly important to be able to target cells selectively. A good targeting strategy would result in strong binding to cells with the desired receptor profile and barely binding to other cells. Using a simple model, we formulate optimal design rules for multivalent particles that allow them to distinguish target cells based on their receptor profile. We find the following: (i) It is not a good idea to aim for very strong binding between the individual ligands on the guest (delivery vehicle) and the receptors on the host (cell). Rather, one should exploit multivalency: High sensitivity to the receptor density on the host can be achieved by coating the guest with many ligands that bind only weakly to the receptors on the cell surface. (ii) The concentration profile of the ligands on the guest should closely match the composition of the cognate membrane receptors on the target surface. And (iii) irrespective of all details, the effective strength of the ligand–receptor interaction should be of the order of the thermal energy kBT, where T is the absolute temperature and kB is Boltzmann’s constant. We present simulations that support the theoretical predictions. We speculate that, using the above design rules, it should be possible to achieve targeted drug delivery with a greatly reduced incidence of side effects.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Optimal Temperature Profile (OTP)'

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