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Academic literature on the topic 'Optimal Switching Waveform'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Optimal Switching Waveform"

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Mittet, Rune, and Tor Schaug-Pettersen. "Shaping optimal transmitter waveforms for marine CSEM surveys." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 3 (May 2008): F97—F104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2898410.

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The square wave is frequently used as the transmitter waveform in marine controlled-source electromagnetics (CSEM) surveys. This waveform has the advantage of transferring maximum energy to the subsurface because the transmitter current is running at its peak amplitude at all times. However, a limitation of the square wave is that most of the transmitted energy is in the first harmonic. Processing methods such as depth migration and inversion have shown improved results if a transmitter waveform with substantial amounts of energy at multiple frequencies is used. We propose a method for designing transmitter waveforms where current amplitudes as a function of frequency can have an approximate predefined or desired distribution. At the same time, we require that the transmitter operate at its peak current at all times to maximize the energy transferred to the subsurface. To obtain the desired current spectra, the number of switching times in a period is allowed to be larger than two, which is the number of switching times per period for a standard square wave. The method is based on matching the desired frequency spectra with the spectra obtained from these generalized square waves. This optimization problem is solved by a Monte Carlo method. The resultant waveforms can be used for an electric-dipole transmitter.
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Zhao, Chen Xu, Xin Guo, Tao Deng, Ling Li, and Ze Wen Liu. "Automated and Optimal Actuation Voltage Waveform Design for Contact Bouncing Mitigation of MEMS Switches." Key Engineering Materials 609-610 (April 2014): 1248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.609-610.1248.

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This paper presents an efficient methodology for automated optimal tailoring actuation voltage waveform of MEMS switches aiming at eliminating the detrimental contact bouncing effect to speed up the switching process and improve the mechanical reliability. This is a simulation-based approach where genetic algorithm (GA) is used in combination with a dedicated mechanical model of MEMS switch to derive optimal actuation waveform. The proposed technique has been implemented in SystemC-A, which is extremely well suited for complex modeling, implementation of post-processing of simulation results and optimization algorithms. Effectiveness of proposed approach is corroborated by a practical case study of automated actuation waveform design for a prefabricated DC-contact MEMS switch. The experimental results show that the switching time of the switch by employing optimized actuation voltage waveform is dramatically reduced to 60μs from 95μs, while the bouncing effect is successfully eliminated.
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Priandana, Eka Rakhman, and Toshihiko Noguchi. "Pure Sinusoidal Output Single-Phase Current-Source Inverter with Minimized Switching Losses and Reduced Output Filter Size." Electronics 8, no. 12 (December 17, 2019): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121556.

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This paper proposes a novel single-phase current-source inverter that generates a pure sinusoidal waveform with minimized switching losses and using a small-size output filter capacitor. The proposed method is investigated by incorporating a conventional multilevel current-source inverter with a linear amplifier. The conventional multilevel technique uses fundamental switching frequency instead of using high-switching frequency modulation for the H-bridge circuit. The linear amplifier such as class-A or class-D types has a function to reform the staircase waveform generated by the multilevel inverter into a pure sinusoidal by using superimposition technique. As a result, pure sinusoidal output current is generated with a small ripple and the system only requires a small output filter capacitor for smoothing the waveform. Based on the simulation and experimental results, the proposed system presents not only the optimal configuration, but also an option as to whether to obtain excellent power efficiency or very low output harmonic. Implications of the results and future research directions are also presented.
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Marín-Reyes, Manuel, Jesus Aguayo-Alquicira, and Susana Estefany De León-Aldaco. "Calculation of Optimal Switching Angles for a Multilevel Inverter Using NR, PSO, and GA- a Comparison." European Journal of Electrical Engineering 22, no. 4-5 (October 30, 2020): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ejee.224-506.

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Currently, multilevel inverters have been increased the number of applications in the industrial sector and renewable energy sources. Among its characteristics, the most remarkable are modular design, high performance, and low harmonic distortion in the output voltage waveform. For this paper, a single-phase Cascade H-Bridge Multilevel Inverters (CHB-MLI or CMLI) topology with independent DC sources, has been selected for the case study. Analyzing three scenarios: 5-level, 7-level, and 9-level applying the concept of the Optimized Harmonic Stepped-Waveform (OHSW) and comparing the results between the Selective Harmonic Eliminated-Pulse Width Modulation (SHE-PWM) and the Optimal Minimization of the Total Harmonic Distortion (OMTHD) are also presented. To compare the results obtained with classical and nature-inspired optimization methods, three techniques are used to solve transcendental nonlinear equations for the problem of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) minimization: Newton Raphson (NR), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which have been widely used for the problems of THD minimization in multilevel inverters.
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Zhang, Qingfei, Jinghong Zhao, Sinian Yan, Yiyong Xiong, Yuanzheng Ma, and Hansi Chen. "Virtual Voltage Vector-Based Model Predictive Current Control for Five-Phase Induction Motor." Processes 10, no. 10 (September 23, 2022): 1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10101925.

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The high-performance control technology of multi-phase motors is a key technology for the application of multi-phase motors in many fields, such as electric transportation. The model predictive current control (MPCC) strategy has been extended to multi-phase systems due to its high dynamic performance. Model-predictive current control faces the problem that it cannot effectively regulate harmonic plane currents, and thus cannot obtain high-quality current waveforms because only one switching state is applied in a sampling period. To solve this problem, this paper uses the virtual vector-based MPCC to select the optimal virtual vector and apply it under the premise that the average value of the harmonic plane voltage in a single switching cycle is zero. Taking a five-phase induction motor as an example, the steady-state and dynamic performance of the proposed virtual vector MPCC and the traditional model predictive current control were simulated, respectively. Simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving waveform quality while maintaining excellent dynamic performance.
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Inostroza-Osses, Mauricio A., Oswaldo López-Santos, Yeison A. Aldana-Rodríguez, and Manuel G. Forero. "Alternative Generation of the Output Voltage Waveform in an Asymmetric Transformer-Based Cascaded Multilevel Inverter under Fault Conditions." Mathematics 10, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 3463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10193463.

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This paper introduces a method for the reconfiguration of a transformer-based cascaded multilevel inverter (CT-MLI), which allows the use of alternative switching patterns when individual inverter stages cease to operate as a result of a failure in the circuit switches. Different possibilities of reconfiguration of the inverter stages to provide the output voltage signal are analyzed and optimal switching patterns are determined. The results obtained from the simulation in the PSIM software are provided to validate the proposal.
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DAHIDAH, MOHAMED S. A. "SELECTIVE HARMONIC ELIMINATION NON-SYMMETRICAL BIPOLAR PULSE WIDTH MODULATION TECHNIQUE: ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 19, no. 03 (May 2010): 719–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126610006396.

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Selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHE-PWM) techniques offer a tight control of the harmonic spectrum of a given voltage waveform generated by a power electronic converter along with a low number of switching transitions. These optimal switching transitions can be calculated through Fourier theory, and for a number of years quarter-wave and half-wave symmetries have been assumed when formulating the problem. It is shown recently that symmetry requirements can be relaxed as a constraint. This changes the way the problem is formulated and different solutions can be found without a compromise. This paper reports solutions to the switching transitions of a bipolar SHE-PWM when both the quarter- and half-wave symmetries are abolished. Selected simulation and experimental results are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Jinesh, C., Chandla Ellis, and A. Alhamdhu Nisha. "Harmonic Reduction in 3 Phase Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter by Capacitor Voltage Balancing Using SVM and Fuzzy Controller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 626 (August 2014): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.626.164.

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Multilevel converters are effective means of reducing harmonic distortion and dv/dt of the output voltages, which makes this technology applicable to utility interface and drives. In this paper, Multilevel Converter for power conversion is proposed. The voltage balancing at the terminal is achieved through proper selection of switching states. The switching scheme is defined by Space Vector Modulation. A fuzzy controller need to be interfaced with the system using SVM for optimal voltage operation and error minimization .The main feature of the proposed SVM switching strategy is that it enables balancing voltages of the dc capacitors, with no requirement of additional controls or auxiliary devices and higher magnitude of ac-side voltage with reduced harmonic concept in the output waveform. The proposed idea is demonstrated in simulation to evaluate the validity of the concept in MATLAB.
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Rasheed, Mohammed, Moataz M. A. Alakkad, Rosli Omar, Marizan Sulaiman, and Wahidah Abd Halim. "Enhance the accuracy of control algorithm for multilevel inverter based on artificial neural network." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i3.pp1148-1158.

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<p>In converters or multilevel inverters it is very important to ensure that the output of the<br />multilevel inverters waveforms in term of the voltage or current of the waveforms is<br />smooth and without distortion. The artificial neural network (ANN) technique to<br />obtaining proper switching angles sequences for a uniform step asymmetrical modified<br />multilevel inverter by eliminating specified higher-order harmonics while maintaining<br />the required fundamental voltage and current waveform. However, through this paper a<br />modified CHB-MLI are proposed using artificial intelligence optimization technique<br />based on modulation Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE-PWM). A most powerful<br />modulation technique that used to minimize a harmonic contants during the outout<br />waveform of multilevel inverter is a SHE-PWM method. The proposed a five-level<br />Modified Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (M-CHBMI) with ANN controller to<br />improve the output voltage and current performance and achieve a lower Total<br />Harmonic Distortion (THD). The main aims of this paper cover design, modeling,<br />prediction for real-time generation of optimal switching angles in a single-phase<br />topology of modified five level CHB-MLI. due to the heavy cost of computation to<br />solving transcendental nonlinear equations with specified number, a real-time<br />application of Selective Harmonic Elimination-Pulse Width Modulation (SHE-PWM)<br />technique is limited. SHE equations known as a transcendental nonlinear equation that<br />contain trigonometric functions. The prototype of a 5-level inverter in Digital Signal<br />Processing (DSP) TMS320F2812 reveals that the proposed method is highly efficient<br />for harmonic reduction in modified multilevel inverter.</p>
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Osama Y. AL-Rawi. "SWITCHING ANGLE OPTIMIZATION BASED GENETIC ALGORITHMS FOR HARMONIC REDUCTION IN THREE-PHASE PWM STRATEGY." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2011.04106.

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In variable speed drive (VSD), it is desirable to reduce the harmonic effects, which causes current distortion and torque pulsation, besides, the harmonic power losses is an additional power losses that is introduced in the motor due to the presence of harmonic voltages. However, the problem of the high total harmonic current distortion (THD) still exists specially at low and medium speeds by using sub-optimal pulse width modulation (PWM) strategy. In the past to generate optimized PWM, is done by defining a general PWM in terms of a set of switching angles. Which result in a set of nonlinear equations in terms of the unknown switching angles. These equations are nonlinear as well as transcendental in nature. There is no efficient method that can be applied to solve such equations. The practical method of solving these equations is a trial and error process. Taking all the factors into account, a numerical technique can be applied to solve these set of nonlinear equations, but with some limitations. To overcome these limitations, Genetic algorithms (GAs) serves to search for optimal switching angles setting. In addition, the (THD) will be reduced, this lead to obtain the optimal PWM waveform and to simplify the practical implementation, and then improving the performance of the system output. GAs were employed as a search and optimization engine. Normally the tuning of the switching angles is a trail and error problem. In this paper, GAs provides a much simpler approach to off-line tuning of PWM switching angles than the rather complicated non-genetic optimization algorithms
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Book chapters on the topic "Optimal Switching Waveform"

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Wu, Xiaohan, Ruijing Ge, Deji Akinwande, and Jack C. Lee. "Memristors Based on 2D Monolayer Materials." In Memristor - An Emerging Device for Post-Moore’s Computing and Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98331.

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2D materials have been widely used in various applications due to their remarkable and distinct electronic, optical, mechanical and thermal properties. Memristive effect has been found in several 2D systems. This chapter focuses on the memristors based on 2D materials, e. g. monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), as the active layer in vertical MIM (metal–insulator–metal) configuration. Resistive switching behavior under normal DC and pulse waveforms, and current-sweep and constant stress testing methods have been investigated. Unlike the filament model in conventional bulk oxide-based memristors, a new switching mechanism has been proposed with the assistance of metal ion diffusion, featuring conductive-point random access memory (CPRAM) characteristics. The use of 2D material devices in applications such as flexible non-volatile memory (NVM) and emerging zero-power radio frequency (RF) switch will be discussed.
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Conference papers on the topic "Optimal Switching Waveform"

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Pagano-Stauffer, L. A., T. Matuszczyk, M. A. Handschy, and N. A. Clark. "Multiplexed ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulators." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.wt6.

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Ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) exhibit fast low-voltage low-power electrooptic switching making them good candidates for spatial light modulators (SLMs). Since they are also bistable and have a sharp dynamic switching threshold, their electrical addressing can easily be multiplexed, promising SLMs with a large number of elements yet with an economical number of electronic drivers. We present studies of FLC SLMs employing matrix multiplexing where the addressing of N2 elements requires N row and N column electrodes. Waveforms applied to chosen row and column electrodes switch the pixel at their intersection. Minimizing the effect of the switching waveforms on the unselected pixels in the same row and column requires careful optimization of the waveform, the FLC material, and the surface treatment. Our experimental data include measurements of optical response, specifically contrast ratio, for a variety of different FLC materials and waveforms.
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Babbitt, W. R., and T. W. Mossberg. "Optical Beam Routing through Time-Domain Spatial-Spectral Filtering." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1995.pfb3.

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Recent years have seen the development of a variety of techniques for the storage and processing of optical data streams in materials with [1-10] and without [11-12] intrinsic frequency selectivity. These techniques are characterized by very high bandwidth and relatively large time-bandwidth product. It is known, that the optical processes responsible for the storage and/or processing of temporal waveform data frequently also lead to the storage of spatial waveform information [13,14]. It has been demonstrated, for example, that sequences of images can be stored. [5,7,8] An area that is relatively unexplored, however, relates to the possible interactions between stored temporal and spatial information. We explore one example of how the temporal and spatial information stored within a material can interact and lead to a novel functionality, i. e. the passive routing of optical beams along one of many possible temporally encoded directions.
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Geisler, David J., Nicolas K. Fontaine, Ryan P. Scott, Francisco M. Soares, Jonathan P. Heritage, and S. J. B. Yoo. "Terabit/Second Modulation Format Independent Optical Transmitter and Receiver Using Optical Arbitrary Waveform Generation and Measurement." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.2010.pwc2.

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Shibata, Yasuo, Koichi Wakita, and Kaoru Yoshino. "A High-resolution and Wide-dynamic-range Method to Measure Dynamic Extinction Ratio of Electroabsorption Optical Gates by using an Optical Short Pulse as a Probe." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1997.pfb6.

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The photonic asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch is promising because it may overcome the throughput limitations of electrical systems, and various ATM architectures have been proposed [1 ]-[3J. The optical gates are key components in these photonic ATM systems. These gates should be able to switch between cells within a guard time of a few nanoseconds, and their extinction ratio should be sufficiently large, typically more than 30 dB. The dynamic switching characteristics of an optical gate is usually estimated by directly observing the waveform using an oscilloscope, and the switching speed is determined from the 10%-to-90% rise/fall time. However, it is difficult to estimate the switching speed with a 30-dB extinction ratio by using the conventional method. Here, we propose a new and very simple measurement method for optical gates; this method has a high time resolution of 30 ps and a wide dynamic range of over 30 dB. We measured the dynamic extinction ratio of an electroabsorption (EA) optical gate module using this method, and found that the switching speed of an EA gate remains high even in a saturated condition.
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Jain, R. K., X. C. Zhang, M. G. Ressl, and T. J. Pier. "Precise Measurement of Signal Propagation Characteristics in GaAs Integrated Circuits by Picosecond Electro-Optic Sampling." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1986.ma5.

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A large number of picosecond optical and opto-electronic techniques have recently been proposed and demonstrated1,2 for the characterization of high-speed GaAs integrated circuits (IC) , including the use of electro-optic sampling3 for the measurement of on-chip waveforms2. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of picosecond electro-optic sampling for the precise measurement of relative timing between waveforms at different points internal to a GaAs integrated circuit. In particular, we report precise pulse propagation and switching characteristics for both the "1"-to-"0" and "0"-to-"1" transitions in digital ICs of buffered FET logic design1,4, from which single gate propagation delays of 73 ± 3 picoseconds are inferred for the chosen inverter gates; in addition, temporal delays of less than 10 picoseconds have been measured for pulse propagation between diodes internal to such gates.
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Azana, Jose. "Energy-efficient advanced processing of periodic optical waveforms through combined phase-only temporal modulation and spectral filtering." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.2017.ptu1d.1.

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Wefers, Marc M., Keith A. Nelson, and Andrew M. Weiner. "Multi-Dimensional Femtosecond Pulse Shaping and Spectroscopy." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1996.fa.6.

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There has been considerable attention recently regarding the shaping of ultrashort optical pulses into waveforms with arbitrary temporal profiles [1-3]. Applications to ultrafast optical switching [2] and coherent control of quantum mechanical systems have been demonstrated [3] and further results can be anticipated. Optical processing of shaped waveforms and their interconversion to and from spatial images have also been reported [4,5]. More recently, ultrafast time-varying two-dimensional spatial images have been generated using volume holographic techniques [6]. Here we demonstrate combined temporal and spatial shaping of ultrashort optical pulses based on linear spectral filtering of spatially separated frequency components [1-3]. This permits generation of coherent high-fidelity ultrashort optical waveforms with tailored profiles along both the propagation direction, i.e. the temporal coordinate, and one perpendicular direction, i.e. one spatial coordinate. Temporal and spatial pulse shaping offers novel possibilties for manipulation of propagating excitations and other non-local material responses, and permits a very large multiplex advantage in terahertz-bandwidth optical signal generation.
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Griffin, R. D., and J. N. Lee. "Hardware and Software System Design for Hybrid Optical-Electronic Signal Processing." In Optical Computing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcomp.1991.me31.

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Many workers have demonstrated the potential of optical techniques to process high bandwidth data at very high computation rates.1,2 Optical processors have been proposed for such diverse applications as pattern recognition, neural networks, switching, digital computing, filtering, transformations, and matrix algebra. Since most of these methods implement specialized processors, they must be integrated into presently available digital electronic systems to obtain the necessary degree of control and flexibility for practical applications. Few systems exist today that realize the potential of these optical techniques, perhaps because of the amount of engineering and development effort that separates a successful laboratory demonstration from a useful and practical system. The engineering effort is complicated by the high bandwidth of the optical system: the input and output requirements of most optical systems can easily swamp traditional digital systems. Other complicating factors are data transduction between the electronic and optical domains, and dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio requirements. In addition to the physical interface issues, the logical interface must be well-designed and easy to use. We present here some results of our effort to integrate a self-contained, "digital-in, digital-out" space-integrating one-dimensional matched filter system into a conventional digital processing system. This system can cross-correlate a 4000 point reference waveform with a 7000 point search waveform in about 100 µsec.
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Sohn, Manjin, Heuk Park, Wol-Yon Hwang, and Hyun-Ha Hong. "Extinction Ratio of A Three-Stage Wavelength Shifting Module Using Cross-Gain Modulation in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.ctho4.

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Wavelength shifters allow for dynamic routing and wavelength reuse in wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) optical networks and switching systems. Several wavelength shifting schemes have been proposed, including cross-gain modulation, cross-phase modulation, and four-wave-mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier. The cross-gain modulation method provides high conversion efficiency and a wide shifting range. However, the extinction ratio is significantly degraded upon upshifting. Recently, a two-stage wavelength shifting module by parallel pumping was demonstrated which enhances the extinction ratio[1]. To use the module in WDM-based photonic switching systems, its reversed output waveform should be reversed again by cascading one more wavelength shifter before or after the module (Thus three-stage). This additional stage could degrade the overall extinction ratio. We investigated the extinction ratio performances for three wavelength shifter schemes that employs cross-gain modulation.
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He, Tingting, Nicolas K. Fontaine, David J. Geisler, Ryan P. Scott, Jonathan P. Heritage, and S. J. B. Yoo. "Optical Arbitrary Waveform Generation Based Optical-Label Switching Transmitter with All-Optical Label Extraction." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2010.othn2.

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