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Journal articles on the topic 'OPTIMAL AVAILABILITY'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

ANGUS, JOHN E., MENG-LAI YIN, and KISHOR TRIVEDI. "OPTIMAL RANDOM AGE REPLACEMENT FOR AVAILABILITY." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 19, no. 05 (October 2012): 1250021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539312500210.

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An age replacement maintenance policy is considered here, in which a system is restored whenever it fails, or ages without failure up to a preventive maintenance epoch (whichever comes first). The duration of the restoration activity is random, and depends on whether it was precipitated by a failure or by a preventive maintenance action. The case where the preventive maintenance epoch is deterministic has been studied previously, and shown to be optimal in a certain sense. Here, we consider the case where the preventive maintenance epoch is randomized, which is more realistic for many systems. The system availability is the long run proportion of time that the system is operational (i.e., not undergoing repair or preventive maintenance). The optimal rate of preventive maintenance to maximize availability is considered, along with sufficient conditions for such an optimum to exist. The results obtained herein are useful to systems engineers in making critical design decisions.

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2

Hongyu, Wang. "Optimal availability design of maintainable systems." Microelectronics Reliability 29, no. 3 (January 1989): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(89)90633-1.

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3

Verma, R. K., and A. K. sawhney. "Optimal availability of on-surface transit systems." Optimization 18, no. 6 (January 1987): 907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02331938708843306.

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4

Amir, Yair, and Avishai Wool. "Optimal availability quorum systems: Theory and practice." Information Processing Letters 65, no. 5 (March 1998): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-0190(98)00017-9.

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5

Gharbi, Anis, and Mohamed Haouari. "Optimal parallel machines scheduling with availability constraints." Discrete Applied Mathematics 148, no. 1 (April 2005): 63–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2004.12.003.

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6

Sharma, U., and K. B. Misra. "Optimal availability design of a maintained system." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 20, no. 2 (January 1988): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8320(88)90094-4.

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7

Tsai, Chia-Tai, Rong-Hong Jan, and Kuochen Wang. "Optimal redundancy allocation for high availability routers." International Journal of Communication Systems 23, no. 12 (November 29, 2010): 1581–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.1127.

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8

Muromtsev, N. "PLANT MOISTURE AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 67 (June 30, 2011): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2011-67-20-31.

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The regularities of moisture behavior in the system of surface air - vegetation cover - soil with the use of moisture potential are established. It is shown that the moisture potential in soil, leaves of plants, changes in the moisture potential in the soil-plant system, and relative transpiration is related to functional dependencies. It is well established that each group plants (hygrophytes, mesophytesand xerophytes) is characterized a certain narrow range of soil moisture potential, in which the relative transpiration values do not fall below the optimal level (1.0-0.9). This interval is virtually independent of soil properties and meteorological conditions и can be used as the optimal criterion for plant moisture supply.

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9

Franke, U. "Optimal IT Service Availability: Shorter Outages, or Fewer?" IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 9, no. 1 (March 2012): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2011.110811.110122.

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10

Mijailović, Vladica. "Optimal spares availability strategy for power transformer components." Electric Power Systems Research 80, no. 8 (August 2010): 987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2010.01.002.

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11

Yu, Haifeng, and Phillip B. Gibbons. "Optimal inter-object correlation when replicating for availability." Distributed Computing 21, no. 5 (November 11, 2008): 367–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00446-008-0072-2.

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12

Dahai Xu, Ying Li, Mung Chiang, and A. Calderbank. "Elastic service availability: utility framework and optimal provisioning." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 26, no. 6 (August 2008): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsacocn.2008.030607.

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13

Krasniuk, R. P., and G. G. Tsegelyk. "Modeling of the optimal databases allocation of information systems by the availability of intermediate servers." Information extraction and processing 2018, no. 46 (December 27, 2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/vidbir2018.46.054.

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14

Cervantes-Gaxiola, Maritza E., Erik F. Sosa-Niebla, Oscar M. Hernández-Calderón, José M. Ponce-Ortega, Jesús R. Ortiz-del-Castillo, and Eusiel Rubio-Castro. "Optimal crop allocation including market trends and water availability." European Journal of Operational Research 285, no. 2 (September 2020): 728–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2020.02.012.

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15

Galikowsky, C., B. D. Sivazlian, and P. Chaovalitwongse. "Optimal redundancies for reliability and availability of series systems." Microelectronics Reliability 36, no. 10 (October 1996): 1537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(95)00209-x.

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16

Pant, Himanshu, Andrew R. McGee, Uma Chandrashekhar, and Steven H. Richman. "Optimal availability and security for IMS-based VoIP networks." Bell Labs Technical Journal 11, no. 3 (November 8, 2006): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bltj.20190.

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17

Lei, Gang, Chao Deng, and Bo Sheng. "Preventive Maintenance Optimization of Availability for NC Machine." Advanced Materials Research 988 (July 2014): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.988.653.

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This paper addresses the problem of preventive maintenance optimization for NC machine tool. Firstly, the NC machine tool is divided into four subsystems according to the function module. The failure probability density function of each subsystem is estimated with the fault information records. Then, the optimal preventive maintenance period is estimated for each subsystem considering the availability. The optimal periods of all the subsystems are used to derive the preventive maintenance strategy of the whole machine. Finally, a numerical case is presented and the result shows the performance of the proposed approach.Keywords: NC machine tool, subsystem, availability, preventive maintenance

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18

Zheng, Rui, Yingzhi Zhang, and Liudong Gu. "Optimal post-warranty maintenance contracts for wind turbines considering availability." International Journal of Green Energy 17, no. 7 (May 12, 2020): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2020.1761809.

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19

Marshall, E., I. Stansfield, and M. C. Romano. "Ribosome recycling induces optimal translation rate at low ribosomal availability." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 98 (September 6, 2014): 20140589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0589.

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During eukaryotic cellular protein synthesis, ribosomal translation is made more efficient through interaction between the two ends of the messenger RNA (mRNA). Ribosomes reaching the 3′ end of the mRNA can thus recycle and begin translation again on the same mRNA, the so-called ‘closed-loop’ model. Using a driven diffusion lattice model of translation, we study the effects of ribosome recycling on the dynamics of ribosome flow and density on the mRNA. We show that ribosome recycling induces a substantial increase in ribosome current. Furthermore, for sufficiently large values of the recycling rate, the lattice does not transition directly from low to high ribosome density, as seen in lattice models without recycling. Instead, a maximal current phase becomes accessible for much lower values of the initiation rate, and multiple phase transitions occur over a wide region of the phase plane. Crucially, we show that in the presence of ribosome recycling, mRNAs can exhibit a peak in protein production at low values of the initiation rate, beyond which translation rate decreases. This has important implications for translation of certain mRNAs, suggesting that there is an optimal concentration of ribosomes at which protein synthesis is maximal, and beyond which translational efficiency is impaired.

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20

Witte, L. C. "The Influence of Availability Costs on Optimal Heat Exchanger Design." Journal of Heat Transfer 110, no. 4a (November 1, 1988): 830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250581.

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Optimizing heat exchangers based on second-law rather than first-law considerations ensures that the most efficient use of available energy is being made. In this paper, second-law efficiency is used to develop a new technique for optimizing the design of heat exchangers. The method relates the operating costs of the exchanger to the destruction of availability caused by the exchanger operation. The destruction of availability is directly related to the second-law efficiency of the exchanger. This allows one to find the NTU at which the benefits of reduced availability losses are offset by the costs of added area; this is the optimal point. It can be difficult to determine the proper cost of irreversibility to be used in the optimization process. This issue can be handled by including the irreversibility cost in a dimensionless parameter that represents the ratio of annual ownership costs to annual operating costs that include irreversibility costs. In this way, each heat exchanger designer can estimate the costs of irreversibilities for his particular system, and then use the generalized method that is developed herein for determining the optimal heat exchanger size. The method is applicable to any heat exchanger for which the ε-NTU-R relationships are known.

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21

Samet, Slah, Anis Chelbi, and Fayçal Ben Hmida. "Optimal availability of failure‐prone systems under imperfect maintenance actions." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 16, no. 4 (September 28, 2010): 395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552511011084544.

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22

Vinod, B., and M. Sabbagh. "Optimal performance analysis of manufacturing systems subject to tool availability." European Journal of Operational Research 24, no. 3 (March 1986): 398–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(86)90033-0.

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23

Ji, Yuxiong, Xiyu Yang, and Yuchuan Du. "Optimal design of a short-turning strategy considering seat availability." Journal of Advanced Transportation 50, no. 7 (October 6, 2016): 1554–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/atr.1416.

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24

Swami, Sanjeev, and Pankaj J. Khairnar. "Optimal normative policies for marketing of products with limited availability." Annals of Operations Research 143, no. 1 (March 2006): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-006-7375-0.

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25

Stölzle, Wolfgang, and Tina Placzek. "Optimal Shelf Availability — Gestaltung integrativer Logistikkonzepte in Konsumgüter-Supply Chains." Thexis 23, no. 2 (May 2006): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03249110.

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26

Sheen, Gwo-Ji, Lu-Wen Liao, and Cheng-Feng Lin. "Optimal parallel machines scheduling with machine availability and eligibility constraints." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 36, no. 1-2 (November 25, 2006): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-006-0810-1.

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27

Lundberg, Lars, and Charlie Svahnberg. "Optimal Recovery Schemes for High-Availability Cluster and Distributed Computing." Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 61, no. 11 (November 2001): 1680–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jpdc.2001.1760.

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28

Zong, Shengliang, Guorong Chai, and Yana Su. "Determining Optimal Replacement Policy with an Availability Constraint via Genetic Algorithms." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8763101.

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We develop a model and a genetic algorithm for determining an optimal replacement policy for power equipment subject to Poisson shocks. If the time interval of two consecutive shocks is less than a threshold value, the failed equipment can be repaired. We assume that the operating time after repair is stochastically nonincreasing and the repair time is exponentially distributed with a geometric increasing mean. Our objective is to minimize the expected average cost under an availability requirement. Based on this average cost function, we propose the genetic algorithm to locate the optimal replacement policyNto minimize the average cost rate. The results show that the GA is effective and efficient in finding the optimal solutions. The availability of equipment has significance effect on the optimal replacement policy. Many practical systems fit the model developed in this paper.

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29

Mlinarić, Tomislav Josip, and Miran Pirnar. "Optimizing Track Infrastructure Availability." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 21, no. 2 (March 2, 2012): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v21i2.217.

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Failure to realize the schedule which is primarily reflected in train delays is the direct consequence of insufficient availability of capacities of the current railway infrastructure which are generated by low level of usable quality of the track network in general. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to determine the method of optimal interventions of the rail infrastructure managers and traffic control activities on the reduction of the influence of slow runs and line closures thus ensuring a sufficient number of rail routes for the customers’ needs and consequently higher quality realization of the schedule. The paper gives a concrete presentation of the volume of slow runs and line closures, calculation of reducing the level of railway capacities with a simulation and the result of this condition on the capacity of the concrete railway line and the proposal of a model for organizing an expert group within the traffic control activities for the fastest possible elimination of these negative phenomena. KEY WORDS: liberalization, route leasing, quality deterioration, track availability

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30

Musgrove, Kelsey A., Jad M. Abdelsattar, Stephanie J. LeMaster, Marguerite C. Ballou, David A. Kappel, and David C. Borgstrom. "Optimal Resources for Rural Surgery." American Surgeon 86, no. 9 (September 2020): 1057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003134820942142.

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Background Timely access to emergency general surgery services, including trauma, is a critical aspect of patient care. This study looks to identify resource availability at small rural hospitals in order to improve the quality of surgical care. Methods Forty-five nonteaching hospitals in West Virginia were divided into large community hospitals with multiple specialties (LCHs), small community hospitals with fewer specialties (SCHs), and critical access hospitals (CAHs). A 58-question survey on optimal resources for surgery was completed by 1 representative surgeon at each hospital. There were 8 LCHs, 18 SCHs, and 19 CAHs with survey response rates of 100%, 83%, and 89%, respectively. Results One hundred percent of hospitals surveyed had respiratory therapy and ventilator support, computerized tomography (CT) scanner and ultrasound, certified operating rooms, lab support, packed red blood cells (PRBC), and FFP accessible 24/7. Availability of cryoprecipitate, platelets, tranexamic acid (TXA), and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) decreased from LCHs to CAHs. The majority had board-certified general surgeons; however, only 86% LCHs, 53% SCHs, and 50% CAHs had advanced trauma life support (ATLS) certification. One hundred percent of LCHs had operating room (OR) crew on call within 30 minutes, emergency cardiovascular equipment, critical care nursing, on-site pathologist, and biologic/synthetic mesh, whereas fewer SCHs and CAHs had these resources. One hundred percent of LCHs and SCHs had anesthesia availability 24/7 compared to 78% of CAHs. Discussion Improving access to the aforementioned resources is of utmost importance to patient outcomes. This will enhance rural surgical care and decrease emergency surgical transfers. Further education and research are necessary to support and improve rural trauma systems.

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31

Zheng, Junjun, Hiroyuki Okamura, and Tadashi Dohi. "Availability Analysis of Software Systems with Rejuvenation and Checkpointing." Mathematics 9, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9080846.

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In software reliability engineering, software-rejuvenation and -checkpointing techniques are widely used for enhancing system reliability and strengthening data protection. In this paper, a stochastic framework composed of a composite stochastic Petri reward net and its resulting non-Markovian availability model is presented to capture the dynamic behavior of an operational software system in which time-based software rejuvenation and checkpointing are both aperiodically conducted. In particular, apart from the software-aging problem that may cause the system to fail, human-error factors (i.e., a system operator’s misoperations) during checkpointing are also considered. To solve the stationary solution of the non-Markovian availability model, which is derived on the basis of the reachability graph of stochastic Petri reward nets and is actually not one of the trivial stochastic models such as the semi-Markov process and the Markov regenerative process, the phase-expansion approach is considered. In numerical experiments, we illustrate steady-state system availability and find optimal software-rejuvenation policies that maximize steady-state system availability. The effects of human-error factors on both steady-state system availability and the optimal software-rejuvenation trigger timing are also evaluated. Numerical results showed that human errors during checkpointing both decreased system availability and brought a significant effect on the optimal rejuvenation-trigger timing, so that it should not be overlooked during system modeling.

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32

Várkonyi-Kóczy, Annamária R., and Gábor Samu. "Anytime System Scheduler for Insufficient Resource Availability." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 8, no. 5 (September 20, 2004): 488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2004.p0488.

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Anytime systems are advantageous when resource and/or data availability changes during operation and some kind of intelligent reconfiguration of the system is needed to cope with temporal data and resource access conditions. Such systems may provide an optimal tradeoff between time/resource needs and computational complexity and the quality (accuracy) of results and are designed using special models, methods, and algorithms together with applying active monitoring for being able to supervise the operation of the system on-line and making intelligent decisions based on sensory information of so-called shortage indicators. Since the monitor operates under prescribed response time requirements and the number and complexity of the executable tasks may be very high, especially in complex systems, new considerations must constantly be made to achieve optimal or acceptable performance. In software terms, this requires the application of special compilation methods dealing also with timing considerations and constraints of the underlying operating system and even with the run-time characteristics of the monitor. This must also be supported by anytime development tools and special anytime description languages. In this paper a hierarchical compilation method is introduced together with theoretical considerations about a possible anytime development tool and the basics of the anytime description meta-language ATDL are presented.

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33

Fukumoto, Satoshi, Sayori Nakagawa, Naoto Kaio, and Shunji Osaki. "Optimal Checkpoint Policies Attending with Unsuccessful Rollback Recovery." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 04, no. 04 (December 1997): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021853939700031x.

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Checkpoint policies have been studied by several researchers. In this paper, we propose a new model for evaluating the database recovery actions and for determining an optimum checkpoint interval. Taking account of unsuccessful rollback recovery after system failure, we derive the stationary availability as a function of the checkpoint interval under the assumption that the failures occur at a Poisson process. We further discuss the optimum checkpoint interval which maximizes the availability above. The influence of unsuccessful rollback recovery on the system is illustrated by numerical examples.

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34

ZHENG, Junjun, Hiroyuki OKAMURA, and Tadashi DOHI. "Optimal Rejuvenation Policies for Non-Markovian Availability Models with Aperiodic Checkpointing." IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E103.D, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 2133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transinf.2019edp7321.

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35

Kay, Adam. "APPLYING OPTIMAL FORAGING THEORY TO ASSESS NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY RATIOS FOR ANTS." Ecology 83, no. 7 (July 2002): 1935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[1935:aoftta]2.0.co;2.

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36

OKAMOTO, Kazuma, Masashi YOSIHIRO, Tomoharu HORI, Daisuke NOHARA, and Nazrul I. KAHN. "OPTIMAL CROP PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT MODEL UNDER THE VARIATION OF WATER AVAILABILITY." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 71, no. 4 (2015): I_1351—I_1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.71.i_1351.

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37

Jeang, Angus, Chang Pu Ko, Chien-Ping Chung, You-Jie Chen, and I. Lin. "Optimal availability for determining choice and repair policy of system components." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 36, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-12-2017-0255.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish the regression model by a simulation method that was obtained by using the system response at unit cost as the response value. The unit availability was maximized, while the unit cost was minimized. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the Monte Carlo simulation method was used to simulate an operational system, and the regression model was obtained by using response surface methodology with the experimental matrix and different levels of experimental combinations. Findings The optimal value of mean time between failure (MTBF) and mean time to repair (MTTR) of each component was then obtained by using the system response at unit cost as the response value. Practical implications Due to the upgrading of industrial technology and the maturity of electronic technology, product development technology has become highly sophisticated with complex designs. Reliability engineering has become a key procedure of high-tech industry. Social implications Based on the system availability of unit cost as the response value, it can maximize the availability to help decision makers to formulate the best selection strategy components and repair strategy. Originality/value Previous works regarding the parameter settings of reliability values never mention the simulation methodology. However, this study aims to achieve the above goals in finding the relationship of MTBF and MTTR simultaneously.

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38

Youssef, A. M. A., and H. A. ElMaraghy. "Availability consideration in the optimal selection of multiple-aspect RMS configurations." International Journal of Production Research 46, no. 21 (November 2008): 5849–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540701261626.

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39

Marseguerra, M., E. Zio, and L. Podofillini. "Optimal Reliability/Availability of Uncertain Systems via Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 53, no. 3 (September 2004): 424–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tr.2004.833318.

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40

Lim, S. S., and N. U. Ahmed. "Dynamic optimal economic dispatch under system availability constraints and transmission losses." Electric Power Systems Research 9, no. 1 (June 1985): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7796(85)90055-0.

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41

Shen, Jingyuan, Lirong Cui, and Yizhong Ma. "Availability and optimal maintenance policy for systems degrading in dynamic environments." European Journal of Operational Research 276, no. 1 (July 2019): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.12.029.

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42

Yanagi, Shigeru, Kazuhiko Aso, and Masafumi Sasaki. "Optimal spare allocation problem based on the interval estimate of availability." International Journal of Production Economics 24, no. 3 (March 1992): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-5273(92)90140-3.

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43

Park, Sanghyun, Seong Kwang Hong, Tae Hee Lee, Kwangu Kang, and Su-gil Cho. "Optimal design of PZT-based piezoelectric energy harvesting module for availability." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 33, no. 3 (March 2019): 1211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-019-0221-5.

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44

Tarifeño-Gajardo, Marco, Alejandra Beghelli, and Eduardo Moreno. "Availability-driven optimal design of shared path protection in WDM networks." Networks 68, no. 3 (August 4, 2016): 224–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/net.21695.

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45

Hu, X. D., X. H. Jia, D. Z. Du, D. Y. Li, and H. J. Huang. "Placement of Data Replicas for Optimal Data Availability in Ring Networks." Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 61, no. 10 (October 2001): 1412–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jpdc.2000.1713.

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46

Okhovat, Mohammad Amin, Taravatsadat Nehzati, Amin Pouriran, Shahriar Fakhar, and Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin. "Improving Equipment Effectiveness by Designing Optimal Production Process." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 6363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.6363.

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Reliable manufacturing equipment is an indispensable factor to the performance and proﬁtability of manufacturing systems. Total productive maintenance (TPM) has been recognized as a comprehensive manufacturing strategy to maximize equipment reliability and effectiveness through rooting out all manufacturing losses. Availability of equipment is a focus area in TPM to improve effectiveness throughout the lifetime of the equipment. This study develops a mixed integer linear programming model to increase equipment availability considering maintenance cost of each machine in the system. The main objective is minimizing total cost while designing optimal material flows between different operational levels of manufacturing process. A hypothetical problem is presented and solved by the developed model.

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47

PHAM, HOANG, and DAVID POTOSKI. "AN OPTIMAL STATIC PESSIMISTIC SCHEME FOR FAULT TOLERANT DISTRIBUTED DATABASE SYSTEMS." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 01, no. 03 (September 1994): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021853939400026x.

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A distributed database system often replicates data across its servers to provide a fault-resistant application, which maximizes server availability. Various replication control protocols have been developed to ensure data consistency. In this paper, we develop optimal design methods for the quorum-consensus replication protocol, which (1) maximizes availability of the distributed database systems and (2) minimizes the total system cost by calculating the optimal read quorum and the optimal number of system servers. Several numerical examples and applications are provided to illustrate the results.

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48

Cui, Yan Kai, Li Fu, Xiao Geng Liang, and Ling Luo. "Optimal Sliding-Mode Terminal Guidance Law Design of Airborne Boost-Phase Ballistic Missile Interception." Applied Mechanics and Materials 40-41 (November 2010): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.40-41.15.

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Aiming at terminal guidance law design of airborne boost-phase ballistic missile interception under acceleration of target without availability, we study on optimal sliding-mode terminal guidance law design of Kinetic-Kill Vehicle. Motion characteristic and infrared characteristic of ballistic missile are analyzed basing on founding ballistic missile boost-phase motion equations. Optimal terminal guidance law of Kinetic-Kill Vehicle is designed basing on undershoot quantity least and energy minimum. Optimal guidance law and augmented proportional navigation law having the same form is proved in theory. Optimal sliding-mode terminal guidance law is designed under acceleration of target without availability, using optimal control theory and sliding-mode control theory. Simulation show that optimal sliding-mode terminal guidance law satisfies required index, reaching the aim to direct hit the target. The correctness and effectiveness of the optimal sliding-mode guidance law are proved.

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Brownhilder Ngek, Neneh. "Performance implications of financial capital availability on the financial literacy – performance nexus in South Africa." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 2 (July 14, 2016): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2-2).2016.10.

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Abstract:

The need for making optimal financial decisions is very important in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) especially as most SMEs are always financially constrained. Consequently, there has been an increasing interest from researchers to determine how well financial literacy skills can enable entrepreneurs to make decisions that result in optimal financial outcomes and possible enhance the performance and growth of their businesses. This study had as objectives to find out the impact of financial literacy on firm performance, as well as to examine the moderating effect of financial capital availability on the financial literacy – performance relationship, amongst SME in the Free State province of South Africa. The results showed that on average SME have low levels of financial literacy and financial capital availability. It was also observed that financial literacy positively influenced SME performance, and that the relationship is positively moderated by financial capital availability. It is, therefore, necessary for SME owners to develop financial literacy skills as an essential part of entrepreneurial activities. Likewise, since businesses rely on financial capital to invest, develop and grow, policy makers should put in place measures on how to bridge the access to finance gap, and, thus, ensure that entrepreneurs are relieved from financing constraints

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Ahuja, Amrita, Susan Athey, Arthur Baker, Eric Budish, Juan Camilo Castillo, Rachel Glennerster, Scott Duke Kominers, et al. "Preparing for a Pandemic: Accelerating Vaccine Availability." AEA Papers and Proceedings 111 (May 1, 2021): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20211103.

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Vaccinating the world's population quickly in a pandemic has enormous health and economic benefits. We analyze the problem faced by governments in determining the scale and structure of procurement for vaccines. We analyze alternative approaches to procurement, arguing that buyers should directly fund manufacturing capacity and shoulder most of the risk of failure while maintaining some direct incentives for speed. We analyzed the optimal portfolio of vaccine investments for countries with different characteristics as well as the implications for international cooperation. Our analysis, considered in light of the experience of 2020, suggests lessons for future pandemics.

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