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1
Placzek, Tina Simone. Optimal Shelf Availability: Analyse und Gestaltung integrativer Logistikkonzepte in Konsumgüter-Supply Chains. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2007.
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2
Gawlik, Keith. SkyFuel parabolic trough optical efficiency testing. Golden, Colo.]: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2010.
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3
Essen Symposium. (11th 1988 Essen University Library). The Impact of CD-ROM on library operations and universal availability of information: 11th International Essen Symposium, 26 September-29 September 1988 ; festschrift in honour of Dr. Maurice B. Line. Essen: Universitätsbibliothek Essen, 1989.
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4
Optimal Shelf Availability. Wiesbaden: DUV, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8350-9635-6.
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5
Siebert, Stefan, Sengupta Raj, and Alexander Tsoukas. Non-pharmacological treatment of axial spondyloarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755296.003.0014.
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While drugs play a key role in reducing disease activity, non-pharmacological therapies are crucial in maintaining function, flexibility, and quality of life. Therefore, non-pharmacological therapy remains a key component in the optimal management of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), even in the era of biologics. Regular physical therapy allows patients to capitalize on the benefits of drug therapy and maintain optimal functional ability. Self-management and education strategies, supported by patient-support groups, facilitate independence and quality of life in chronic diseases. A proportion of patients with severe disease may require hip or spinal surgery. It is hoped that the availability of more effective drug therapies to control disease activity in axSpA will reduce the requirement for surgery in future. The optimal management of axSpA requires a combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments, for both initial and long-term management.
6
Canfield, Donald Eugene. What Is It about Planet Earth? Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691145020.003.0001.
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This chapter begins by highlighting the three basic ingredients for life: energy, the chemical components that make up cells, and water. It then shows that the availability of each of these is linked by special properties of planet Earth. It concludes that Earth is a pretty terrific place for life. It sits comfortably within the habitable zone of the Sun. In addition, its active tectonics both control the temperature of the surface environment, providing a continuous supply of liquid water, and recycle the basic components required to fuel abundant life. The same tectonics may have also provided optimal conditions for the earliest biosphere.
7
Bender, David A. 4. Over-nutrition: problems of overweight and obesity. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199681921.003.0004.
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‘Over-nutrition: problems of overweight and obesity’ shows that Western society’s attitude to obesity has changed, and obesity is now considered to be undesirable. A desirable body weight and body mass index (BMI) in the range of 20 to 25 kg/m2 is associated with optimal life expectancy. The health risks of obesity are wide-ranging—including a major cause of early death from cancer, coronary heart disease, and type II diabetes—and it is placing a considerable financial strain on health services. Obesity is the result of increased availability and consumption of food, coupled with decreased physical activity. The various ways in which overweight people can be helped to lose weight are considered.
8
Iniewski, Krzysztof, Carl McCrosky, and Daniel Minoli. Network Infrastructure and Architecture: Designing High-Availability Networks. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.
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9
Iniewski, Krzysztof, Carl McCrosky, and Daniel Minoli. Network Infrastructure and Architecture: Designing High-Availability Networks. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2010.
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10
Dean, Rebecca M. Fauna and the emergence of intensive agricultural economies in the United States Southwest. Edited by Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers, and Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.36.
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The Hohokam of Arizona, USA, created one of the most intensive agricultural systems in North America. Their hunting economy intensified along with the agricultural system, but intensification (measured through the diversification of hunting strategies) was mitigated by a variety of processes, not all of which are easily understood by traditional methods of measuring intensification, such as diet breadth models. Hunting intensification was limited by constraints placed on hunters due to agricultural labour needs, and affected by changes in local landscapes for agricultural purposes. The hunting behaviour of the Hohokam cannot be understood solely in its own terms, as a product of optimal decision-making based on the availability of prey in the landscape at large. Rather, decisions were contextualized within the constraints of the social and labour organization of the agricultural system, and were contingent on the changes that had been made to that landscape as a result of agricultural demands.
11
Viboud, Cécile, Hélène Broutin, and Gerardo Chowell. Spatial-temporal transmission dynamics and control of infectious diseases: Ebola virus disease (EVD) as a case study. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789833.003.0004.
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Disentangling the spatial-temporal dynamics of infectious disease transmission is important to address issues of disease persistence, epidemic growth and optimal control. In this chapter, we review key concepts relating to the spatial-temporal dynamics of infectious diseases in meta-populations, whereby geographically separate subpopulations are connected by migration or mobility rates. We review the dynamics of colonization, persistence and extinction of emerging and recurrent pathogens in meta-populations; the role of demographic and environmental factors; and geographic heterogeneity in epidemic growth rate. We illustrate theoretical concepts by reviewing the spatial dynamics of childhood diseases and other acute infections in low- and middle-income countries, and provide a detailed description of the spatial-temporal dynamics of the 2014–16 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. We further discuss how increased availability of empirical data and recent methodological developments provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of transmission processes in space and time, and make recommendations for future work.
12
Cartin-Ceba, Rodrigo, and Udaya B. S. Prakash. Rheumatoid arthritis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0278.
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Rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive chronic inflammatory disease of autoimmune aetiology, characterized by joint swelling, tenderness, and destruction of synovial joints, leading to severe disability and premature mortality. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis has been estimated at 0.5–1% of the adult population and is the most common form of inflammatory joint disease. Rheumatoid arthritis frequently affects many non-articular systems, most commonly the cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, and haematological systems. Over recent years, the optimal use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, in particular methotrexate, and the availability of several new biological agents, have dramatically enhanced the success of rheumatoid arthritis management. Multiple studies have demonstrated the efficacy of anti-TNF therapy, as well as other targeting, in reducing inflammatory activity, as well as inhibiting joint destruction in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. A significant number of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with autoimmune conditions have rheumatoid arthritis. The studies evaluating the outcome of rheumatoid arthritis patients admitted to the ICU have included other rheumatological conditions, but all have identified a high mortality (17–55%).
13
Minoli, Daniel, Krzysztof Iniewski, and Carl McCrosky. Network Infrastructure and Architecture: Designing High-Availability Networks. Wiley-Interscience, 2008.
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14
Nates, Joseph L., and Sharla K. Tajchman. Indirect calorimetry in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0205.
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Critically-ill patients have unpredictable and dynamic metabolic demands that are difficult to predict and quantify. Combined with the high incidence of pre-existing or development of malnutrition in the ICU, these metabolic demands have deleterious effects on outcomes when patients are provided with inadequate or inappropriate nutrition support. Providing adequate nutritional support that meets these varying metabolic demands is a long-standing challenge in the intensive care unit (ICU). Indirect calorimetry (ICal) is a tool that allows ICU practitioners to accurately assess energy expenditure (EE) in critically-ill patients with unpredictable metabolic demands to optimize nutrition support. ICal provides clinicians with a patient’s measured EE (MEE), a quantification of cellular metabolism, and respiratory quotient (RQ), a reflection of which substrates are primarily being utilized for fuel. Study results help clinicians target optimal nutritional goals and prevent adverse effects associated with both under- and overfeeding patients. Recent studies have suggested avoiding caloric deficits and providing tight caloric control may improve morbidity and mortality outcomes in critically-ill patients, though more studies are needed to verify this potential benefit. Currently, there are no specific guideline recommendations to help clinicians utilize ICal in the ICU. Although ICal is considered to be the gold standard for determining EE in critically-ill patients, its use remains limited by availability, cost, and the need for trained personnel for correct use.
15
Cheong, Adrian, Gabriel Steg, and Stefan K. James. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0043.
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Acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation is a common and dramatic manifestation of coronary artery disease. It is caused by the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque in a coronary artery, leading to its total thrombotic occlusion and resultant ischaemia and necrosis of downstream myocardium. The diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is based on a syndrome of ischaemic chest pain symptoms, associated with typical ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram and an eventual rise in biomarkers of myocardial necrosis. The treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is focused on re-establishing blood flow in the coronary artery involved, preferably by percutaneous coronary intervention, or by pharmacological thrombolysis in the case of expected lengthy time delays or lack of availability of facilities. Early mortality from ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction can be attributed to the sequelae or complications of myocardial ischaemia, or complications related to therapy. The former include arrhythmias (such as ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation), mechanical complications (such as ventricular free wall, septal, and mitral chordal rupture), and pump failure leading to cardiogenic shock. The latter includes haemorrhagic complications and coronary stent thrombosis. Given that myocardial necrosis is a critically time-dependent process, the organization of an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction care system and adherence to the latest clinical trial evidence and guidelines are crucial to ensure that patients are treated in an optimal manner.
16
Cheong, Adrian P., Gabriel Steg, and Stefan K. James. ST-segment elevation MI. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0043_update_001.
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Acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation is a common and dramatic manifestation of coronary artery disease. It is caused by the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque in a coronary artery, leading to its total thrombotic occlusion and resultant ischaemia and necrosis of downstream myocardium. The diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is based on a syndrome of ischaemic chest pain symptoms, associated with typical ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram and an eventual rise in biomarkers of myocardial necrosis. The treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is focused on re-establishing blood flow in the coronary artery involved, preferably by percutaneous coronary intervention, or by pharmacological thrombolysis in the case of expected lengthy time delays or lack of availability of facilities. Early mortality from ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction can be attributed to the sequelae or complications of myocardial ischaemia, or complications related to therapy. The former include arrhythmias (such as ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation), mechanical complications (such as ventricular free wall, septal, and mitral chordal rupture), and pump failure leading to cardiogenic shock. The latter includes haemorrhagic complications and coronary stent thrombosis. Given that myocardial necrosis is a critically time-dependent process, the organization of an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction care system and adherence to the latest clinical trial evidence and guidelines are crucial to ensure that patients are treated in an optimal manner.
17
Furst, Eric M., and Todd M. Squires. Light scattering microrheology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199655205.003.0005.
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The fundamentals and best practices of passive microrheology using dynamic light scattering and diffusing wave spectroscopy are discussed. The principles of light scattering are introduced and applied in both the single and multiple scattering regimes, including derivations of the light and field autocorrelation functions. Applications to high-frequency microrheology and polymer dynamics are presented, including inertial corrections. Methods to treat gels and other non-ergodic samples, including multi-speckle and optical mixing designs are discussed. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a well established method for measuring the motion of colloids, proteins and macromolecules. Light scattering has several advantages for microrheology, especially given the availability of commercial instruments, the relatively large sample volumes that average over many probes, and the sensitivity of the measurement to small particle displacements, which can extend the range of length and timescales probed beyond those typically accessed by the methods of multiple particle tracking and bulk rheology.
18
Bacior, Stanisław. Optymalizacja wiejskich układów gruntowych – badania eksperymentalne. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-37-3.
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Rural areas are subject to constant structural, spatial and economic transformations. The main purpose of this monograph was to present a new concept of shaping of rural land arrangement that takes into account the land value. The presented optimization methodology of shaping of the rural areas has a general range of application, not being limited by time or place. of the location of the consolidation object. The only condition for its use is the availability of a specific set of output data enabling the necessary calculations for the implementation of consolidation works. The described method has been successfully applied to the research object of the Mściowojów village, in a registry area located in the Dolnośląkie voivodeship, in the Jaworski district, providing with the assumed effects. In order to meet the research objectives, the shaping of rural land arrangement was conducted according to five models. The original arrangement of existing land division in a given village is considered as the 1st model. The 2nd model uses a rather accurate description of the locations of the lands in the village. To define this feature the location of farm parcels had to be determined. This model is the most accurate, but also the most labor-intensive of all. In the 3rd model, a fundamental simplification of the land arrangement was adopted, limiting the distance matrix to its measurement to the entry points from the settlements into the complexes. This simplification means that the location of parcels in the complex does not affect the average distance to the land in the whole village. On the basis of simplifications applied in the 3rd model allowing a significant reduction of the distance matrix the 4th model which uses a linear programming to minimize the distance to a parcel was developed. Introducing into the linear model an additional condition that eliminates distance growth in farms in relation to the initial state was important for the research. This was implemented in the 5th model and had a positive impact on the obtained results. The 6th model was developed by including the landowners' wants into the 5th model. These had to be taken into account so that the research/the new land arrangement did not cause complaints. The wants could not be fully included due to their inherently contradictory nature. The wants for having the parcel in a given arrangement was replaced with a guarantee of division, after which landowner receives no smaller share than the prior one. As demonstrated in the work, the solutions of the developed models allowed obtaining land arrangements close to the optimal in terms of distance to land and the shape of parcels and farms with regard to land specifics. The presented results allow to draw a conclusion that the methods and analyses applied in the research can have a wide range of application in shaping of rural land arrangement. Developing the most socially accepted optimization of parcel division in the process of land consolidation is important due to the actual needs for the implementation of the rural land arrangement research. This may also have influence on better use of the EU's financial resources for the consolidation of agricultural lands.
19
Davierwala, Piroze M., and Friedrich W. Mohr. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0048.
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The surgical management of acute coronary syndrome still remains a challenge for the cardiac surgeon. Although most patients can be managed by percutaneous coronary intervention, for patients with complex multivessel or left main coronary artery disease (high SYNTAX score), in whom percutaneous coronary intervention is not possible or is unsuccessful, urgent or emergent coronary artery bypass graft surgery is the only available option. It is very important for surgeons to determine the optimum timing of surgical intervention, which is usually based on the clinical presentation, coronary anatomy, and biomarkers. Surgeons should be conversant with the different operative techniques, whether off- or on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, that would help in achieving the best possible outcomes in such situations. Early and late survival of patients depends not only on an efficiently executed operation, but also on the competency of the post-operative care delivered. Modern perioperative management is reinforced by the availability of a variety of mechanical cardiopulmonary assist devices, like the intra-aortic balloon pump, the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and an array of ventricular assist devices, which aid us in managing very sick patients presenting with cardiogenic shock. The results of coronary artery bypass graft surgery for acute coronary syndrome, as published in the literature, vary significantly, because of the heterogeneity of patient populations, operative timing, and haemodynamic status, making a comparison of surgical outcomes almost impossible. Only one randomized trial has been conducted to that effect, to date. A heart team approach, involving an interventional cardiologist and a cardiac surgeon, is mandatory to determine the best treatment strategy and achieve the best possible outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
20
Davierwala, Piroze M., and Friedrich W. Mohr. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0048_update_001.
Full textAbstract:
The surgical management of acute coronary syndrome still remains a challenge for the cardiac surgeon. Although most patients can be managed by percutaneous coronary intervention, for patients with complex multivessel or left main coronary artery disease (high SYNTAX score), in whom percutaneous coronary intervention is not possible or is unsuccessful, urgent or emergent coronary artery bypass graft surgery is the only available option. It is very important for surgeons to determine the optimum timing of surgical intervention, which is usually based on the clinical presentation, coronary anatomy, and biomarkers. Surgeons should be conversant with the different operative techniques, whether off- or on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, that would help in achieving the best possible outcomes in such situations. Early and late survival of patients depends not only on an efficiently executed operation, but also on the competency of the post-operative care delivered. Modern perioperative management is reinforced by the availability of a variety of mechanical cardiopulmonary assist devices, like the intra-aortic balloon pump, the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and an array of ventricular assist devices, which aid us in managing very sick patients presenting with cardiogenic shock. The results of coronary artery bypass graft surgery for acute coronary syndrome, as published in the literature, vary significantly, because of the heterogeneity of patient populations, operative timing, and haemodynamic status, making a comparison of surgical outcomes almost impossible. Only one randomized trial has been conducted to that effect, to date. A heart team approach, involving an interventional cardiologist and a cardiac surgeon, is mandatory to determine the best treatment strategy and achieve the best possible outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
21
Davierwala, Piroze M., and Friedrich W. Mohr. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0048_update_002.
Full textAbstract:
The surgical management of acute coronary syndrome still remains a challenge for the cardiac surgeon. Although most patients can be managed by percutaneous coronary intervention, for patients with complex multivessel or left main coronary artery disease (high SYNTAX score), in whom percutaneous coronary intervention is not possible or is unsuccessful, urgent or emergent coronary artery bypass graft surgery is the only available option. It is very important for surgeons to determine the optimum timing of surgical intervention, which is usually based on the clinical presentation, coronary anatomy, and biomarkers. Surgeons should be conversant with the different operative techniques, whether off- or on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, that would help in achieving the best possible outcomes in such situations. Early and late survival of patients depends not only on an efficiently executed operation, but also on the competency of the post-operative care delivered. Modern perioperative management is reinforced by the availability of a variety of mechanical cardiopulmonary assist devices, like the intra-aortic balloon pump, the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and an array of ventricular assist devices, which aid us in managing very sick patients presenting with cardiogenic shock. The results of coronary artery bypass graft surgery for acute coronary syndrome, as published in the literature, vary significantly, because of the heterogeneity of patient populations, operative timing, and haemodynamic status, making a comparison of surgical outcomes almost impossible. Only one randomized trial has been conducted to that effect, to date. A heart team approach, involving an interventional cardiologist and a cardiac surgeon, is mandatory to determine the best treatment strategy and achieve the best possible outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
22
Davierwala, Piroze M., and Friedrich W. Mohr. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0048_update_003.
Full textAbstract:
The surgical management of acute coronary syndrome still remains a challenge for the cardiac surgeon. Although most patients can be managed by percutaneous coronary intervention, for patients with complex multivessel or left main coronary artery disease (high SYNTAX score), in whom percutaneous coronary intervention is not possible or is unsuccessful, urgent or emergent coronary artery bypass graft surgery is the only available option. It is very important for surgeons to determine the optimum timing of surgical intervention, which is usually based on the clinical presentation, coronary anatomy, and biomarkers. Surgeons should be conversant with the different operative techniques, whether off- or on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, that would help in achieving the best possible outcomes in such situations. Early and late survival of patients depends not only on an efficiently executed operation, but also on the competency of the post-operative care delivered. Modern perioperative management is reinforced by the availability of a variety of mechanical cardiopulmonary assist devices, like the intra-aortic balloon pump, the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and an array of ventricular assist devices, which aid us in managing very sick patients presenting with cardiogenic shock. The results of coronary artery bypass graft surgery for acute coronary syndrome, as published in the literature, vary significantly, because of the heterogeneity of patient populations, operative timing, and haemodynamic status, making a comparison of surgical outcomes almost impossible. Only one randomized trial has been conducted to that effect, to date. A heart team approach, involving an interventional cardiologist and a cardiac surgeon, is mandatory to determine the best treatment strategy and achieve the best possible outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
23
Mushambi, Mary C., and Rajesh Pandey. Management of the difficult airway. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0026.
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Failed or difficult intubation is still a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. The management of the airway in the pregnant patient requires careful consideration of anatomical and physiological changes, training issues, and situational factors. Despite significant improvements in monitoring and airway equipment, and a reduction in anaesthetic-related maternal mortality, the incidence of failed intubation in the pregnant woman in many units has remained between 1/250 and 1/300. This may result from many factors such as the reduction of the number of caesarean deliveries performed under general anaesthesia which has resulted in limited opportunities to teach airway skills in obstetrics, the increased incidence of obesity, and the rise in maternal age and associated co-morbidities. Improved training and careful planning and performance of a general anaesthetic (i.e. reducing the risk of aspiration; optimum pre-oxygenation, patient positioning, and application of cricoid pressure; and availability of appropriate airway equipment) have the potential to reduce airway-related morbidity and mortality in the pregnant woman. Simple bedside tests such as Mallampati scoring, thyromental distance, neck movement, and ability to protrude the mandible may help to predict a potential difficult airway, particularly when used in combination. Management of a predicted difficult airway requires early referral to the anaesthetists, formulation of an airway management strategy, and involvement of the multidisciplinary team in decision-making. Fibreoptic equipment and skills should be readily available when required. Management of the unpredicted difficult airway should make maintenance of maternal and fetal oxygenation the primary goal. Decision-making during a failed intubation on whether to proceed or wake the patient should involve the obstetrician and ideally be planned in advance. The periods during extubation and recovery are high risk and require preparation and planning in advance.