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Journal articles on the topic 'Optics design'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 January 2025

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1

Pârvulescu, Cǎtǎlin Corneliu, Elena Manea, Cǎtǎlin Tibeica, Munizer Purica, and Alina Popescu. "Design and Fabrication of the Bidirectional Micro-Optic Concentrator for Optical Radiation." Defect and Diffusion Forum 400 (March 2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.400.21.

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This paper presents the design and fabrication of a micro-optic concentrator for optical radiation based on coupled micro-lenses and micro-prism (micro – mirrors) arrays. This type of micro-optic concentrator is suitable for both terrestrial and spatial applications where optical radiation is redirected and coupled to small area photovoltaic cells or detection devices located in front of the waveguide edges. Analysis and design were performed for the 0.4-1.06µm spectral range using the COMSOL Multiphysics program and the Ray Optics geometric optics module. Simulations for ray-tracing have been modeled in order to optimize the geometries of micro-optics elements taking into account the optical parameters of the materials to be used (polymers and glass) in the process of micro-optic concentrator fabrication. Micro-lenses and micro-prism arrays were fabricated by the technique of molding in silicon molds and replication in polymeric materials using OrmoClear30 elastomer (n=1.56, UV exposure) and in UV-PDMS, KER4690 polymer, respectively. Assembling and the fabrication process of micro-optic concentrator allowed the achievement of an optical efficiency of 70 % efficiency.

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2

Gmachl, Claire. "Quantum optics by design." Nature Materials 5, no. 3 (March 2006): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat1603.

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3

Zenteno, L. A. "Design of a magneto-optic slab isolator for integrated optics." Optics Letters 12, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.12.000657.

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4

Watanabe, Takeo, Tsuneyuki Haga, Masahito Niibe, and Hiroo Kinoshita. "Design of beamline optics for EUVL." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 1149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597017536.

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The design of front-end collimating optics for extreme-ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is reported. For EUVL, collimating optics consisting of a concave toroidal mirror and a convex toroidal mirror can achieve shorter optical path lengths than collimating optics consisting of two concave toroidal mirrors. Collimating optics consisting of a concave toroidal mirror and a convex toroidal mirror are discussed. The design of collimating optics for EUVL beamlines based on ray-tracing studies is described.

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5

Nikolov, Daniel K., Aaron Bauer, Fei Cheng, Hitoshi Kato, A. Nick Vamivakas, and Jannick P. Rolland. "Metaform optics: Bridging nanophotonics and freeform optics." Science Advances 7, no. 18 (April 2021): eabe5112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe5112.

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The demand for high-resolution optical systems with a compact form factor, such as augmented reality displays, sensors, and mobile cameras, requires creating new optical component architectures. Advances in the design and fabrication of freeform optics and metasurfaces make them potential solutions to address the previous needs. Here, we introduce the concept of a metaform—an optical surface that integrates the combined benefits of a freeform optic and a metasurface into a single optical component. We experimentally realized a miniature imager using a metaform mirror. The mirror is fabricated via an enhanced electron beam lithography process on a freeform substrate. The design degrees of freedom enabled by a metaform will support a new generation of optical systems.

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6

Tseng, Ethan, Ali Mosleh, Fahim Mannan, Karl St-Arnaud, Avinash Sharma, Yifan Peng, Alexander Braun, Derek Nowrouzezahrai, Jean-François Lalonde, and Felix Heide. "Differentiable Compound Optics and Processing Pipeline Optimization for End-to-end Camera Design." ACM Transactions on Graphics 40, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3446791.

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Most modern commodity imaging systems we use directly for photography—or indirectly rely on for downstream applications—employ optical systems of multiple lenses that must balance deviations from perfect optics, manufacturing constraints, tolerances, cost, and footprint. Although optical designs often have complex interactions with downstream image processing or analysis tasks, today’s compound optics are designed in isolation from these interactions. Existing optical design tools aim to minimize optical aberrations, such as deviations from Gauss’ linear model of optics, instead of application-specific losses, precluding joint optimization with hardware image signal processing (ISP) and highly parameterized neural network processing. In this article, we propose an optimization method for compound optics that lifts these limitations. We optimize entire lens systems jointly with hardware and software image processing pipelines, downstream neural network processing, and application-specific end-to-end losses. To this end, we propose a learned, differentiable forward model for compound optics and an alternating proximal optimization method that handles function compositions with highly varying parameter dimensions for optics, hardware ISP, and neural nets. Our method integrates seamlessly atop existing optical design tools, such as Zemax . We can thus assess our method across many camera system designs and end-to-end applications. We validate our approach in an automotive camera optics setting—together with hardware ISP post processing and detection—outperforming classical optics designs for automotive object detection and traffic light state detection. For human viewing tasks, we optimize optics and processing pipelines for dynamic outdoor scenarios and dynamic low-light imaging. We outperform existing compartmentalized design or fine-tuning methods qualitatively and quantitatively, across all domain-specific applications tested.

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7

Gao, Yubin, Qikai Chen, Sijie Pian, and Yaoguang Ma. "Inverse design in flat optics." Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications 52 (December 2022): 101074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2022.101074.

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8

Braat, Joseph. "Design of beam-shaping optics." Applied Optics 34, no. 15 (May 20, 1995): 2665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.34.002665.

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9

Snail, Keith A. "Reflectometer design using nonimaging optics." Applied Optics 26, no. 24 (December 15, 1987): 5326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.26.005326.

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10

Kundtz, Nathan B., David R. Smith, and John B. Pendry. "Electromagnetic Design With Transformation Optics." Proceedings of the IEEE 99, no. 10 (October 2011): 1622–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2010.2089664.

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11

Harris, M. S. "Integrated optics: Design and modeling." Microelectronics Journal 26, no. 4 (May 1995): xxii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2692(95)90072-1.

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12

Wu, Rengmao, Zexin Feng, Zhenrong Zheng, Rongguang Liang, Pablo Benítez, Juan C. Miñano, and Fabian Duerr. "Design of Freeform Illumination Optics." Laser & Photonics Reviews 12, no. 7 (May 2, 2018): 1700310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201700310.

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13

Stieglitz, Veronika, Vadim Burwitz, Thorsten Doehring, Rene Hudec, and Stanislav Vitek. "Design and testing of a Kirkpatrick-Baez optics variation." EPJ Web of Conferences 266 (2022): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226603021.

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Beside Wolter I X-ray optics, which are used at most in currently operating X-ray space telescopes, there exist also other optical designs and their usability for space observations is still the matter of studies. This article covers preliminary testing results of an optical module which is based on a modified Kirkpatrick-Baez optics. This X-ray optics, consisting of four sub-modules, was assembled in Prague and tested at the PANTER test facility of MPE afterward. The sub-modules use different reflective coatings, in part developed by our research group, on complementary flat mirrors, which approximate the shape of a Kirkpatrick-Baez optical design. In this contribution we summarise the design of the optical modules, the details of applied coating layers, and the X-ray characterisation results at the PANTER test facility

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14

Cox, J. Allen, Hans-Peter Herzig, Joseph N. Mait, and M. G. Moharam. "Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics: Modeling, Design, Fabrication, and Applications." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 16, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.16.001093.

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15

Bielawny, Andreas. "Reflectors in lighting design." Advanced Optical Technologies 8, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2018-0052.

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Abstract Reflectors and lenses are common optical components used for image formation and the creation of beam patterns and light distributions. While lenses dominate imaging optics in many applications such as cameras and microscopes, reflectors are widely used in lighting and illumination optics. This article presents an overview of reflectors, including common reflector materials, modern design approaches, and applications. This article does not include information about physical and mathematical properties of reflectors; this information is thoroughly covered in optics industry and academic publications. There will be archetypes and examples discussed in the various sections of this article – neither is there any claim for completeness nor are these meant to be absolute. The intention of this article was to draw a comprehensive horizon around reflector applications and most of all their designs for lighting applications.

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16

Shalaginov, Mikhail Y., Sawyer D. Campbell, Sensong An, Yifei Zhang, Carlos Ríos, Eric B. Whiting, Yuhao Wu, et al. "Design for quality: reconfigurable flat optics based on active metasurfaces." Nanophotonics 9, no. 11 (July 29, 2020): 3505–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0033.

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AbstractOptical metasurfaces, planar subwavelength nanoantenna arrays with the singular ability to sculpt wavefront in almost arbitrary manners, are poised to become a powerful tool enabling compact and high-performance optics with novel functionalities. A particularly intriguing research direction within this field is active metasurfaces, whose optical response can be dynamically tuned postfabrication, thus allowing a plurality of applications unattainable with traditional bulk optics. Designing reconfigurable optics based on active metasurfaces is, however, presented with a unique challenge, since the optical quality of the devices must be optimized at multiple optical states. In this article, we provide a critical review on the active meta-optics design principles and algorithms that are applied across structural hierarchies ranging from single meta-atoms to full meta-optical devices. The discussed approaches are illustrated by specific examples of reconfigurable metasurfaces based on optical phase-change materials.

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17

Park, Wounjhang, and Jinsang Kim. "Negative-Index Materials: Optics by Design." MRS Bulletin 33, no. 10 (October 2008): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2008.198.

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AbstractIndex of refraction, a fundamental optical constant that enters in the descriptions of almost all optical phenomena, has long been considered an intrinsic property of a material. However, the recent progress in negative-index material (NIM) research has shown that the utilization of deep-subwavelength-scale features can provide a means to engineer fundamental optical constants such as permittivity, permeability, impedance, and index of refraction. Armed with new nanofabrication techniques, researchers worldwide have developed and demonstrated a variety of NIMs. One implementation uses a combination of electric and magnetic resonators that simultaneously produce negative permittivity and permeability, and consequently negative refractive index. Others involve chirality, anisotropy, or Bragg resonance in periodic structures. NIM research is the beginning of new optical materials research in which the desired optical properties and functionalities are artificially generated. Clearly, creating negative index materials is not the only possibility, and the most recent developments explore new realms of materials with near-zero indexes and inhomogeneous index profiles that can produce novel phenomena such as invisibility. Furthermore, the concept of controlling macroscopic material properties with a composite structure containing subwavelength-scale features extends to the development of acoustic metamaterials. By providing a review of recent progress in NIM research, we hope to share the excitement of the field with the broader materials research community and also to spur new ideas and research directions.

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18

Missig, Michael D., and G. Michael Morris. "Diffractive optics applied to eyepiece design." Applied Optics 34, no. 14 (May 10, 1995): 2452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.34.002452.

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19

Kočárková, H. "Lighting molded optics: Design and manufacturing." EPJ Web of Conferences 48 (2013): 00009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20134800009.

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20

Cai, Wenrui, Ping Zhou, Chunyu Zhao, and James H. Burge. "Diffractive optics calibrator: design and construction." Optical Engineering 52, no. 12 (December 4, 2013): 124101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.52.12.124101.

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21

Delahaye, J. P., and L. Rivkin. "SLC Positron Damping Ring Optics Design." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 32, no. 5 (1985): 1695–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.1985.4333695.

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22

Sieber, Ingo, Peter Stiller, and Ulrich Gengenbach. "Design studies of varifocal rotation optics." Optical Engineering 57, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.57.12.125102.

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23

Whittle, J. "Contact lens optics and lens design." Eye 21, no. 7 (July 2007): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6702607.

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24

Huntington, Mark D., Lincoln J. Lauhon, and Teri W. Odom. "Subwavelength Lattice Optics by Evolutionary Design." Nano Letters 14, no. 12 (November 13, 2014): 7195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl5040573.

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25

Atneosen, Richard, and Richard Feinberg. "Learning optics with optical design software." American Journal of Physics 59, no. 3 (March 1991): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.16833.

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26

Keller, Roderich. "Ion extraction systems: optics and design." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 298, no. 1-3 (December 1990): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(90)90622-d.

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27

Weber, Thomas. "Free-form optics for lamp design." ATZ worldwide 103, no. 6 (June 2001): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03226795.

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28

Brown, Karl L., and Roger V. Servranckx. "Optics modules for circular accelerator design." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 258, no. 3 (August 1987): 480–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(87)90932-6.

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29

Hasman, E., N. Davidson, Y. Danziger, and A. A. Friesem. "Diffractive optics: Design, realization, and applications." Fiber and Integrated Optics 16, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01468039708221253.

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30

Schulz, Ulrike, Uwe B. Schallenberg, and Norbert Kaiser. "Antireflection coating design for plastic optics." Applied Optics 41, no. 16 (June 1, 2002): 3107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.41.003107.

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31

Lee, W. B., D. Gao, C. F. Cheung, and J. G. Li. "Computer-integrated optics design and tool path generation in virtual machining of aspheric surfaces." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 217, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 1285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440503322420214.

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This paper presents an integrated optics design and tool path generation system for the design and manufacture of aspheric optics. The optics design is accomplished by a computer aided optics design software which allows the simulation, evaluation and optimization of the performance of the optical system without the need to make a real prototype. The required optical surface is automatically translated into its corresponding numerical control (NC) program based on a tool path generator. The output of the system is a set of optimized optics design parameters, verified NC program and cutting condition. The tool path program can be generated directly from computer-aided optical design software without the need for any manual data post-processing and can be verified by an expensive trial cutting test.

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32

Suhir, Ephraim. "Fiber optics engineering: Physical design for reliability." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 27, no. 2 (2014): 153–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1402153s.

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The review part of the paper addresses analytical modeling in fiber optics engineering. Attributes and significance of predictive modeling are indicated and discussed. The review is based mostly on the author?s research conducted at Bell Laboratories, Physical Sciences and Engineering Research Division, Murray Hill, NJ, USA, during his tenure with Bell Labs for about twenty years, and, to a lesser extent, on his recent work in the field. The addressed topics include, but are not limited to, the following major fields: bare fibers; jacketed and dual-coated fibers; coated fibers experiencing thermal and/or mechanical loading; fibers soldered into ferrules or adhesively bonded into capillaries; roles of geometric and material non-linearity; dynamic response to shocks and vibrations; as well as possible applications of nano-materials in new generations of coating and cladding systems. The extension part is concerned with a new, fruitful and challenging direction in optical engineering- probabilistic design for reliability (PDfR) of opto-electronic and photonic systems, including fiber optics engineering. The rationale behind the PDfR concept is that the difference between a highly reliable optical fiber system and an insufficiently reliable one is ?merely? in the level of the never-zero probability of failure. It is the author?s belief that when the operational reliability of an optical fiber system and product is imperative, the ability to predict, quantify, assure and, if possible and appropriate, even specify this reliability is highly desirable.

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33

Wang, Yong Yu, Zhi Bin Mei, Fang Xu, and Xi Zhang. "Design of Optical Perfection of Flame Detector." Applied Mechanics and Materials 192 (July 2012): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.192.169.

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This paper summarizes the current situation home and abroad of the detection technology of point flame detector. It briefly introduces the application situation of flame detector engineering and describes the problems exist in actual project application of the point flame detector. Based on the theoretical optics of flame detector, combining the optics testing platform, collection work on combustion flame of characteristic materials and characteristic source spectrum has been carried out. Through carrying out relevant experiments, relevant data has been collected and analyzed. Select automatic optical inspection focusing on flame detectors focusing on different wave bands. The optical perfection design scheme is put forward in the end based on point flame detector of reflecting light source.

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34

Wartenberg, Philipp, Bernd Richter, Stephan Brenner, Johannes Zeltner, Christian Schmidt, Judith Baumgarten, Andreas Fritscher, Martin Rolle, and Uwe Vogel. "67‐4: Late‐News Paper: A New Semi‐transparent OLED‐on‐Silicon Microdisplay Technology Enabling New Optical Design Opportunities for Slim Near‐to‐Eye Optics." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, no. 1 (June 2024): 930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.17687.

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Due to their very high resolution and high level of technological maturity, OLED microdisplays are an ideal image generator for VR, AR and MR applications in near‐to‐eye optics. However, due to the silicon‐based backplane, these microdisplays have always been non‐transparent, requiring a complex optical system for integration into an optic. This has a significant impact on the weight, size and overall optical efficiency of the system. In this paper, a novel technology for the realization of semi‐transparent OLED‐on‐silicon microdisplays is presented, which enables completely new optical concepts for near‐to‐eye optics.

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35

Cheng, Dewen, Hailong Chen, Tong Yang, Jun Ke, Yang Li, and Yongtian Wang. "Optical design of a compact and high-transmittance compressive sensing imaging system enabled by freeform optics." Chinese Optics Letters 19, no. 11 (2021): 112202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202119.112202.

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36

Wang, Yiwei, Feng Su, Sha Bai, Chenghui Yu, and Jie Gao. "Optics design for CEPC double ring scheme." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 34 (December 10, 2017): 1746004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17460046.

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The authors and the guest editors of the Special Issue have retracted this article due to the fact that the article's content was originally prepared as part of the proceedings of the IPAC2017. A new article on the CEPC Double Ring Scheme has been published in Int. J. Mod. Phys. A Vol. 33, No. 1 (2018) 1840001, DOI:10.1142/S0217751X18400018

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37

Thompson, Kevin. "Early Books in Optics and Optical Design." Optics and Photonics News 16, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.16.10.000028.

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38

Lodewijks, Kristof, Nicolò Maccaferri, Tavakol Pakizeh, Randy K. Dumas, Irina Zubritskaya, Johan Åkerman, Paolo Vavassori, and Alexandre Dmitriev. "Magnetoplasmonic Design Rules for Active Magneto-Optics." Nano Letters 14, no. 12 (December 2014): 7207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl504166n.

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39

Ashdown, Ian. "Non-Imaging Optics Design Using Genetic Algorithms." Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 23, no. 1 (January 1994): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00994480.1994.10748056.

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40

Shoorian, H. R., and M. S. Abrishamian. "Design of optical switches by illusion optics." Journal of Optics 15, no. 5 (April 23, 2013): 055107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/15/5/055107.

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41

Hegde, Ravi S. "Accelerating optics design optimizations with deep learning." Optical Engineering 58, no. 06 (June 22, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.58.6.065103.

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42

Venditti, Kristen, Chris Evans, Konstantinos Falaggis, Alex Blum, Romita Chaudhuri, Jeremy Goodsell, and Jannick P. Rolland. "Design for metrology for freeform optics manufacturing." Procedia CIRP 84 (2019): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.255.

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43

Xu, HongYi, HanDong Sun, and BaiLe Zhang. "Waveguide design and application with transformation optics." Science China Information Sciences 56, no. 12 (December 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11432-013-5030-3.

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44

Sun, Haiyin. "Analysis of laser beam relay optics design." Optik 124, no. 14 (July 2013): 1886–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2012.05.035.

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45

Mohammed, Salim Qadir, and Asaad M. Asaad M. Al-Hindawi. "Study of Optical Fiber Design Parameters in Fiber Optics Communications." Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 3 (August 27, 2017): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.3.52.

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Fiber optics is an important part in the telecommunication infrastructure. Large bandwidth and low attenuation are features for the fiber optics to provide gigabit transmission. Nowadays, fiber optics are used widely in long distance communication and networking to provide the required information traffic for multimedia applications. In this paper, the optical fiber structure and the operation mechanism for multimode and single modes are analyzed. The design parameters such as core radius, numerical aperture, attenuation, dispersion and information capacity for step index and graded index fibers are studied, calculated and compared for different light sources.

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46

Joo, Jea Young, Jung Wok Park, Soon Sub Park, and Snag Bin Song. "Design and Manufacture of Light Collimator with Narrow View Angle." Key Engineering Materials 516 (June 2012): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.516.305.

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The use of LED for illumination offers significant advantages, such as lower power consumption, longer lifetime and improved colour management. Sharp gradients in luminous intensity patterns of LED are commonly controlled by the use of secondary optics that are mostly axisymmetric. In the current study, we proposed LED secondary optics forming non-axisymmetric luminous intensity distribution with an extremely narrow view angle. The proposed secondary optics dramatically reduced the view angle of the LED, with a view angle ( 10º) in full width at half maximum (FWHM) in simulations. Afterward, a prototype of the proposed lens was machined by single point diamond turning (SPDT). Luminous intensity distribution of the machined lens was off by about 8º from the optical axis and maintained a view angle of 12º. The peak luminous intensity was folded more than thirty-two times. The proposed lens showed high optical performance and can be used for specialized optical applications.

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47

Dong, Shuai, Yangbo Xu, Youwei Ma, Libin Li, and Shengsheng Han. "Optimization and verification of mechanical design for small total reflection optics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2633, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2633/1/012007.

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Abstract Mechanical performance assurance is one of the key concerns in the design of small total reflection optics. This article addresses the issue of insufficient strength margin in the design of a total reflection optics for a space photoelectric sensor. Firstly, structural design optimization research was conducted on the optics, and the effectiveness of structural improvement was verified through finite element analysis; Secondly, a concave analysis was conducted under mechanical test conditions to further reduce the risk; Afterwards, the accuracy of the simulation results was verified by comparing the simulation with the experiment through small-scale random vibration tests; Finally, sine vibration tests, random vibration tests, shock tests, acceleration tests were conducted on the entire machine, and optical tests were conducted before and after the tests. The experimental and testing results indicate that the entire machine has passed the mechanical test assessment at the appraisal level and maintained good optical performance. The total reflection optics optimized by mechanical design meets the requirements of engineering applications.

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48

Mohammad, Syuhaimi Ab Rahman, Mohamed Shaktur Khaled, and Mohammad Rahmah. "Organic Polymer Integrated Optics: Recently Design and Simulation of an Electro-Optic 2x3 Switch." Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (May 2011): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.80.

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Electrooptic waveguide technology is suitable for realization of an electro-optic 2x3 switch based on integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer using polymer material, where ESO of polymeric materials were used. It can provide high performances and it is applicable for all optical switching networks. The relatively low cost technology, easy fabrication process with standard optoelectronic fabrication process and with high degree of integration compared to other technologies make the development of optical switch based on this technology favorable one.

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49

Ki, Yu Geun, Hyeon Woo Jeon, and Soo Jin Kim. "Design of Metasurface-Based Photodetector with High-Quality Factor." Electronics 13, no. 4 (February 13, 2024): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13040753.

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The ability of fine-tuning wavelengths in a high-Q resonance has been applied to various optical applications, particularly that of the development of nanoscaled, ultrathin photodetectors that realize next-generation optical sensors. However, designing a nanopatterned surface in a photodetector to induce intriguing optical effects inevitably deteriorates the electrical properties due to the increased roughness and defects, which cause the significant recombination of the photogenerated carriers. Moreover, light absorption in a semiconductor fundamentally decreases the Q factor of a resonance and ultimately limits the spectral sharpness. Thus, there is a trade-off between the applications of nano-optics for the fine control of wavelengths and the matured photodetector platform for electrical stability. In this work, we propose an alternative type of optical design for a photodetector by effectively decoupling the functionality of nano-optics for high-Q resonances and the electrical properties of semiconductors for the extraction of efficient photocarriers. By optimally balancing the loss of scattered radiation in a high-Q resonance and the loss of absorption in a semiconductor, we achieve a nano-optics-based photodetector with high-Q absorption and polarization sensing without a significant deterioration in the electrical properties. We believe that the suggested design rule can be effectively applied for the realization of emerging nanoscaled photodetectors for various applications of next-generation optical sensors.

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Yin Zhidong, 尹志东, 向阳 Xiang Yang, 高健 Gao Jian, and 孔达 Kong Da. "Optical Design of a 1300 Megapixel Mobile Phone Camera Lens Optics Designs." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 51, no. 1 (2014): 012202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop51.012202.

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