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1
Bauman, Brian Jeffrey. "Optical design for extremely large telescope adaptive optics systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280465.
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Designing an adaptive optics (AO) system for extremely large telescopes (ELT's) will present new optical engineering challenges. Several of these challenges are addressed in this work, including first-order design of multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) systems, pyramid wavefront sensors (PWFS's), and laser guide star (LGS) spot elongation. MCAO systems need to be designed in consideration of various constraints, including deformable mirror size and correction height. The y,ȳ method of first-order optical design is a graphical technique that uses a plot with marginal and chief ray heights as coordinates; the optical system is represented as a segmented line. This method is shown to be a powerful tool in designing MCAO systems. From these analyses, important conclusions about configurations are derived. PWFS's, which offer an alternative to Shack-Hartmann (SH) wavefront sensors (WFS's), are envisioned as the workhorse of layer-oriented adaptive optics. Current approaches use a 4-faceted glass pyramid to create a WFS analogous to a quad-cell SH WFS. PWFS's and SH WFS's are compared and some newly-considered similarities and PWFS advantages are presented. Techniques to extend PWFS's are offered: First, PWFS's can be extended to more pixels in the image by tiling pyramids contiguously. Second, pyramids, which are difficult to manufacture, can be replaced by less expensive lenslet arrays. An approach is outlined to convert existing SH WFS's to PWFS's for easy evaluation of PWFS's. Also, a demonstration of PWFS's in sensing varying amounts of an aberration is presented. For ELT's, the finite altitude and finite thickness of LGS's means that the LGS will appear elongated from the viewpoint of subapertures not directly under the telescope. Two techniques for dealing with LGS spot elongation in SH WFS's are presented. One method assumes that the laser will be pulsed and uses a segmented micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) to track the LGS light subaperture by subaperture as the light is returned from the upward-propagating laser pulse. A second method can be used if the laser is not pulsed. A lenslet array is described which creates "pixels" which are aligned with the axes of the elongated spot of each subaperture, without requiring special charge-coupled devices (CCD's).
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Villalaz, Ricardo A. "Volume Grating Couplers for Optical Interconnects: Analysis, Design, Fabrication, and Testing." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07102004-165012/unrestricted/villalaz%5Fricardo%5Fa%5F200407%5Fphd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. Directed by Thomas Gaylord.Glytsis, Elias, Committee Co-Chair ; Buck, John, Committee Member ; Kohl, Paul, Committee Member ; Adibi, Ali, Committee Member ; Gaylord, Thomas, Committee Chair. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Akcay, Avni Ceyhun. "System design and optimization of optical coherence tomography." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3586.
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Optical coherence imaging, including tomography (OCT) and microscopy (OCM), has been a growing research field in biomedical optical imaging in the last decade. In this imaging modality, a broadband light source, thus of short temporal coherence length, is used to perform imaging via interferometry. A challenge in optical coherence imaging, as in any imaging system towards biomedical diagnosis, is the quantification of image quality and optimization of the system components, both a primary focus of this research. We concentrated our efforts on the optimization of the imaging system from two main standpoints: axial point spread function (PSF) and practical steps towards compact low-cost solutions. Up to recently, the criteria for the quality of a system was based on speed of imaging, sensitivity, and particularly axial resolution estimated solely from the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the axial PSF with the common practice of assuming a Gaussian source power spectrum. As part of our work to quantify axial resolution we first brought forth two more metrics unlike FWHM, which accounted for side lobes in the axial PSF caused by irregularities in the shape of the source power spectrum, such as spectral dips. Subsequently, we presented a method where the axial PSF was significantly optimized by suppressing the side lobes occurring because of the irregular shape of the source power spectrum. The optimization was performed through optically shaping the source power spectrum via a programmable spectral shaper, which consequentially led to suppression of spurious structures in the images of a layered specimen. The superiority of the demonstrated approach was in performing reshaping before imaging, thus eliminating the need for post-data acquisition digital signal processing. Importantly, towards the optimization and objective image quality assessment in optical coherence imaging, the impact of source spectral shaping was further analyzed in a task-based assessment method based on statistical decision theory. Two classification tasks, a signal-detection task and a resolution task, were investigated. Results showed that reshaping the source power spectrum was a benefit essentially to the resolution task, as opposed to both the detection and resolution tasks, and the importance of the specimen local variations in index of refraction on the resolution task was demonstrated. Finally, towards the optimization of OCT and OCM for use in clinical settings, we analyzed the detection electronics stage, which is a crucial component of the system that is designed to capture extremely weak interferometric signals in biomedical and biological imaging applications. We designed and tested detection electronics to achieve a compact and low-cost solution for portable imaging units and demonstrated that the design provided an equivalent performance to the commercial lock-in amplifier considering the system sensitivity obtained with both detection schemes.Ph.D.
Optics and Photonics
Optics
4
Bainbridge, John David. "The design and application of an optical demultiplexer." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302165.
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Wang, Lirong. "DESIGN, MODELING AND TESTING OF OPTICAL SURFACES IN ILLUMINATION OPTICS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195097.
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This dissertation investigates design, modeling and testing methods of optical surfaces in illumination optics.The main focus of this dissertation is to investigate the faceted non-imaging specular light reflector that is often used to generate a uniform, incoherent illuminance distribution. General design methodologies of faceted light reflectors are overviewed. Several design examples of faceted light reflectors including a novel LED flashlight, a novel microscope illuminator and a 20-m segmented paraboloidal solar collector are discussed and analyzed.An accurate source model is important for illumination system design. In this dissertation, an analytic short-arc source modeling method is developed and integrated in the illumination design software ZEMAX.In addition to the design and modeling work, this dissertation explores a flexible, low-cost and robust Software Configurable Optical Test System (SCOTS) for testing specular free-form surfaces that are often used in illumination systems. The application of this testing system in measuring a 3-m segmented paraboloidal solar reflector is investigated. Preliminary SCOTS test results for an F/0.2 concave automotive headlight reflector are introduced. In addition to testing the surfaces of illumination optics using SCOTS, the applications of SCOTS in the measurement of large, high precision optics are also explored and briefly discussed.
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Abobaker, Abdosllam M. "Analytical design of dispersion-managed optical fibre transmission systems." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=24668.
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Börjeson, Charlie. "Design of a compact wavefront sensor for measurements on the human eye." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284689.
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Wavefront sensors for measurements on human eyes are usually large, expensive and difficult to move. A compact wavefront sensor would be more cost-effective and versatile as is could be used in multiple systems. The aim of this thesis was to produce a more compact and portable wavefront sensor. A shorter telescope design for the wavefront sensor was proposed and checked theoretically and with computer simulations. An experimental arrangement comparing the proposed telescope design with a conventional telescope design was constructed. A compact wavefront sensor was built using off-the-shelf components and a few modified components. Tests with the compact wavefront sensor were made both on eye models and on human eyes. The compact wavefront sensor correctly measured the refractive errors of two eye models. It was also possible to perform measurements on human eyes, both in the central and peripheral visual fields, and higher order aberrations were confirmed. For positioning human eyes at the correct distance from the wavefront sensor an additional pupil camera was needed, which was not included in the system. Future improvements for the compact wavefront sensor are discussed.Vågfrontssensorer för mätningar på ögon är ofta mycket stora, dyra och svåra att transportera. En kompakt vågfrontssensor skulle vara kostnadseffektiv och flexibel eftersom den skulle kunna användas i flera olika system. Målet med detta examensarbete var att producera en mer kompakt och transportabel vågfrontssensor. En kortare teleskopvariant föreslogs och analyserades både teoretiskt och med datorsimuleringar. En experimentell uppsättning gjordes också för att jämföra den kortare teleskopdesignen med ett sedvanligt vågfrontssensorteleskop. En kompakt vågfrontssensor byggdes med standardkomponenter samt med några modifierade standardkomponenter. Tester med den kompakta vågfrontssensorn gjordes både på ögonmodeller och mänskliga ögon. Den kompakta vågfrontssensorn gav korrekta mätvärden på brytningsfelen på ögonmodellerna. Det gick bra att genomföra mätningar på mänskliga ögon, både i centrala och perifera synfältet, och högre ordningens aberrationer bekräftades. För att placera mänskliga ögon på korrekt avstånd från vågfrontssensorn krävdes en extra pupillkamera, som inte var inkluderad i den kompakta vågfrontssensorn. Framtida förbättringar för den kompakta vågfrontssensorn diskuteras.
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Rydberg, Sara. "Rare Earth elements in optical materials and design of high power ytterbium fiber laser for frequency doubling using nonlinear ppKTP crystal." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-36138.
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Shen, Linping Huang Wei-Ping. "Modeling and design of photonic crystal waveguides and fibers /." *McMaster only, 2003.
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10
Sabra, Ahmad. "Nonlinear PDE and Optical Surfaces Design." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/345398.
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MathematicsPh.D.
We introduce two models to design near field reflectors in R^3 that solve an inverse problem in radiometry, taking into account the inverse square law of irradiance. The problem leads to a Monge-Ampere type inequality. The surfaces in the first model are strictly convex and require to be far from the source to avoid obstruction. In the second model, the reflectors are neither convex nor concave and do not block the rays even if they are close to the source.
Temple University--Theses
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Volodin, Boris Leonidovich 1965. "Design, physics, and applications of photorefractive polymers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282188.
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The subject of this dissertation is design, physics, and applications of organic photorefractive polymers which are a recently discovered new class of multifunctional polymeric composites suitable for real-time holographic recording. Design principles of amorphous guest-host photorefractive polymers are described, and their performance is investigated. Also, the use of these materials as recording media in dynamic holographic applications is evaluated. Diffraction efficiency of η ∼ 86%, limited only by absorption and reflection losses, two-beam coupling net gain coefficient of Γ = 200 cm⁻¹, and light-induced refractive index modulations as high as Δn =7x10⁻³ are demonstrated. Hologram growth rates of the order of 500 ms are observed with recording light intensities > 10 mW/cm² using either low-power laser diodes (675 nm) or a HeNe laser (633 nm). The materials have been synthesized that show good sensitivity in red and near-infrared part of the light spectrum. Physical mechanisms leading to high performance of photorefractive polymeric composites and the influence of the polymer composite structure on optical performance are investigated. The experimental results are compared with a phenomenological model based on Kukhtarev's equations. Experiments showing possible applications of PR polymers, such as dynamic time-average interferometry and document security verification are demonstrated.
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Knapp, David James. "Conformal optical design." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289852.
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Optics with external surfaces that deviate from conventional forms to better satisfy the needs of host platform are known as conformal optics. These external surfaces generate significant amounts of aberration that may be compensated with additional corrector elements. This dissertation introduces a new tool for the design of correctors for non-rotationally symmetric optical systems. This is accomplished through the derivation of two new differential equations using an approach similar to that of Wassermann and Wolf. The new aspheric design equations are derived without the assumption of axial symmetry and may be used to precisely control a ray bundle. Solving the new design equations produces the surface profiles of two aspheric optical surfaces which make a non-rotationally symmetric system aplanatic. The aplanatic system may contain tilted and decentered elements, or optical elements without rotational symmetry before and after the two aspheric surfaces. As coma and spherical aberration can be significant in conformal windows, these equations are powerful for producing starting points and developing a design. To validate the new equations, they were implemented in a Code V RTM macro called the Generalized Aspheric design Program (GAP). This macro is used in the design of a variety of non-rotationally symmetric optical systems to create a diffraction limited field of view. These include a system with an elliptical dome with a decentered inside surface, a system containing cylindrical elements, and a system with a toroidal conformal window. In all cases, GAP is able to directly generate corrector surfaces. For comparison, the classical Wassermann-Wolf equations were also implemented in a Code V macro for the design of rotationally symmetric systems.
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Lerner, Scott Allen. "Optical design using novel aspheric surfaces." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289160.
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Advancements in the design, manufacturing and testing of optical systems have created the need for new functional representations for aspheric surfaces. The representations must define surfaces that can compensate for a high degree of wavefront asphericity and represent steeply sloped surfaces as the surface normal becomes perpendicular to the optical axis. As the standard asphere is explicitly defined, the range of surfaces that it can properly describe is limited. This work develops both a parametrically defined surface approach and an implicitly defined surface approach. Whereas the surface sag of an explicit surface is defined directly using one equation, the sag of a parametric surface is defined using at least two equations. The sag of an implicit surface is defined indirectly using a surface function. The utility of these novel approaches is demonstrated using examples of current interest. Specifically, a truncated parametric Taylor surface and an implicit xyz-polynomial surface are shown to be more general definitions that represent highly aspheric surfaces better the standard explicit asphere. Ray tracing and optimization strategies for parametric and implicit surface representations are discussed. Additionally, this work shows that a Fourier series is not a useful optical surface and introduces the explicit superconic surface, which is a redefinition of the standard superconic surface. Finally, we compare the surface types discussed for ray tracing speed, optimization complexity, and ability to represent highly aspheric surfaces.
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Utou, Frumence E. "Fiber optic sensors ensuring structural integrity." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1300.
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Thesis (DTech (Mechnical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005Among the issues that are taken into consideration for many years by Engineers and Technologists is the integrity of the servicing elements in structures and mechanisms. It is a documented phenomenon that after a certain period of time, in service, engineering components tend to change their original state, and begin to develop faults and defects. This includes the original shape distortion due to effects such as bending, twisting, and cracks. The above-sited effects may be caused by the sudden or accumulative effect of overloading, thermal shocks, corrosion etc, which eventually lead to malfunction of these engineering components. The occurrence of the cracks may be as a result of stress variation in excess of different or similar materials; thermal shocks, vibration, etc. A system of structural health monitoring using optical fiber sensors to track down a crack occurrence and its propagation is considered to be a promising method in warning of catastrophic events. Taking advantage of optical fibers' properties and behavior, such as easy interaction with other materials, small size, low weight, corrosion resistance, geometrical flexibility and an inherent immunity to electromagnetic interference, there is potential in adopting the Fiber Optic Sensors (FOS) for structural health monitoring systems. Structural integrity does not confine itself to crack detection only. For example there are many instances where unwanted or excessive displacement may occur. Optical fibers play an important role in proximity sensing as evidenced in the literature [49] to [54] and available commercial systems. However it is felt that FOS displacement sensors may suffer in measurement accuracy due to in situ conditions.
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Hattori, Haroldo Takashi. "Low Nonlinearity Optical Fibers for Broadband and Long-Distance Communications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29816.
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A class of low nonlinearity dispersion-shifted and dispersion-flattened fibers for
broadband and long haul applications is presented. The refractive index profiles of these
fibers assume a depressed-core multi-clad geometry in order to achieve effective-areas
much larger than those in conventional optical fibers.
A systematic approach for designing large effective-area dispersion-shifted fibers, using a
reference W-index profile to initiate the design, is presented. Transmission properties,
including effective-area, mode-field-diameter, dispersion, dispersion slope, cutoff
wavelength, and bending, microbending and splice losses are evaluated for several design
examples. To ascertain that the proposed fibers can be practically fabricated, the effects
of varying fiber dimensions and indices on effective-area, mode-field-diameter and
dispersion are assessed.
It is shown that there is a trade-off between effective-area and mode-field-diameter and,
generally, larger effective-areas are associated with larger mode-field-diameters. In other
words, less signal distortion due to fiber nonlinearity (larger effective-area) is associated
with higher power loss due to bending of fiber (larger mode-field-diameter). Thus, a large
effective-area and low bending loss are conflicting requirements. A parameter Q is
defined as a performance indicator, considering effective-area and mode-field-diameter.
Dispersion-shifted single-mode fiber designs with effective-areas of 78 mm
2 to 210 mm2 and the corresponding mode-field-diameter of 8.94 mm to 14.94 mm,
dispersion less than 0.07 ps/nm.km, and dispersion slope of about 0.05 ps/ nm2.km are
presented. Numerical simulations for propagation of pulses in few designed fibers are
performed.Designs of large effective-area dispersion-flattened fibers are also presented,
for the first time we believe. These fibers provide large effective-area and low dispersion
over an extended range of wavelengths. For our design, over the wavelength range of 1.48 mm <
l < 1.58 mm, the effective-area is 75 mm2 to 100 mm2, while the dispersion remains
below 0.7 ps/nm.km.Ph. D.
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Kim, Jinkee. "Analysis of optical waveguide discontinuities and design of planar prisms in waveguides." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13878.
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Bakhtazad, Aref. "Slab photonic crystal demultiplexers : analysis and design." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102955.
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The exploitation of the superprism phenomenon for optical demultiplexing using a slab photonic crystal on the silicon on insulator platform is the main subject of this thesis. The S-vector and k-vector superprisms are considered. Design equations for the S-vector superprism demultiplexer which fully take into account the nonlinear spectral dependence of beam propagation and dispersion are introduced. This allows wide-band coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) demultiplexers to be designed. Selecting minimum prism area as a metric, the best photonic crystal lattice, design parameters and prism geometry is sought. A full 3-D modeling approach using the plane wave expansion method is employed to ensure the practicality of the design. We show that the slab 1-D photonic crystal can provide the smallest superprism. Based on our result, an area of 1367 mum2 is sufficient to resolve 4 standard CWDM channels (20nm channel spacing). We extend this approach by proposing a stratified photonic crystal which has 5 times less area for an 8 channel CWDM design.We then propose the first fully integrated k-vector superprism layout. Design rules and equations are presented and we use these to obtain the design parameters that result in a minimum prism area. We show that an optimized 1-D photonic crystal k-vector superprism with the area of less than 0.1 mm2 is sufficient to resolve 32 standard dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) channels (100GHz channel spacing). The resulting chip size is approximately 4.5 times less than an equivalent etched grating demultiplexer.
We also demonstrate that fast lenses can be made using slab 1-D photonic crystal with an periodicity.
We introduce an analytical approximation technique for slab 1-D photonic crystals based on the weighted index method. The variational nature of the method leads to acceptable results for moderate refractive index contrast materials. The method can also be extended to 2-D cases and to nonlinear systems.
The plane wave expansion (PWE) method and field matching have been combined to obtain a new method which is capable of obtaining all types of modes including the leaky modes of slab 1-D photonic crystals. The method requires fewer plane waves than the conventional PWE method but provides a better approximation. We compare our results with an accurate finite element method as a benchmark.
A report of our first attempt for the fabrication, post-possessing and optical characterization of the proposed k-vector superprism demultiplexer is also presented. We recommend the development of a cladding, and more accurate fabrication procedures for future investigations.
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Chang, Matthew Tsu-Yang 1967. "Pupil aberration in modular zoom lens design." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288903.
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In any zoom lens, by virtue of the differential motions of lens groups, individual zoom groups experience both conjugate and pupil shifts during zooming. When using a modular design approach, in which lens groups are designed independently, one has to take into account the dynamic aberration matching among lens groups. Deliberate aberration can be introduced to zoom groups to produce an overall compensatory effect over the zoom range. Similarly perfect pupil matching among zoom groups cannot be maintained for a continuum of zoom positions. With the deliberate introduction of pupil aberration on the group level, compensatory effects can be obtained and a more desirable pupil match can be achieved, resulting in better stability of system image performance over the zoom range. The investigation presents a systematic explanation of how intrinsic lens group aberration contents can affect the overall aberrational behavior of mechanically compensated zoom systems. Particularly, the investigation centers around the explicit use of lens group pupil spherical aberration in controlling residual aberrations in zoom lenses. The study explores its capability in controlling the variation of distortion, which is often the dominant residual aberration in zoom systems. Different techniques for implementing explicit pupil spherical aberration control are also explored. The method employed in the study involves the use of black box lens modules. Lens groups are represented by mathematical constructs instead of actual constructional parameters in which individual lens group aberration contents can be manipulated directly. Instead of attempting to model the zoom lens problem analytically, actual ray trace results and well proven facts in aberration theory are relied upon. The method is to use ray trace experiments to substantiate the empirical arguments. Several zoom lens configurations are selected and converted into lens module equivalents. The optimum intrinsic lens group aberration contents are found using global optimization techniques. The aberration behavioral trends are then gathered and the connections between optimum lens group aberration contents and system aberrational behavior are observed. Conclusions are drawn based on the observations and well established results in aberration theory.
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Palusinski, Iwona A. "Advancements in null corrector design and certification." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289899.
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The dissertation addresses advancements in null corrector design. The Rayces zero-index concept is validated and used to design null correctors in single pass. By using a doublet field lens in the standard Offner null corrector, the overall length and size of the null corrector are reduced. The Multi-Object Double Spectrograph (MODS) blue corrector study outlines the process associated with designing and producing a null corrector. A novel ghost image analysis technique is used to evaluate candidate MODS blue null corrector designs. Tolerance analysis is performed and manufacturing specifications are defined for the MODS blue null corrector. Several off-axis null corrector designs are investigated as potential solutions to test 8.4 m off-axis elements of a 25 m diameter parabola. The dissertation also addresses advancements in null corrector certification. Truncated-series solutions for diamond turned mirrors and computer generated hologram certifiers for aspheric surfaces that can be modeled in lens design code are derived. The truncated-series solutions are general and can be applied to most aspheric surfaces with only simple changes in coefficients. These equations are implemented in lens design code via the user defined surface (UDS). The process of implementing a UDS is outlined in the dissertation. Once a UDS is identified, a two-step design process is used to create the certifier. First, the corresponding Shack surface of the aspheric surface or surfaces under test must be defined. Second, a point source illuminates the mirrored Shack surface and a certifier is placed at, in, or outside the center of curvature of the Shack surface. Because the rays go back to a point source after reflection from the Shack surface, a standard merit function that minimizes RMS spot radius can be used to find the coefficients. Certifier surface solutions are presented at the center of curvature and inside the center of curvature of the Shack surface for a broad range of aspheric optics. The solution for a certifier outside of the center of curvature of a parabola's Shack surface is also provided.
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Coletta, Meredith L. Hicks R. Andrew. "Integrability in optical design /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3079.
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Zhang, Ziyang. "Silicon-based Photonic Devices : Design, Fabrication and Characterization." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Mikroelektronik och tillämpad fysik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4647.
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Albanna, Sarmad. "Design, Characterization, and Implementation of Optical Systems for Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Astrophysical Objects." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/594951.
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This dissertation investigates the optical design and characterization for two distinct remote sensing applications. The first application is focused on the high precision optical phase correction for the photonic Local Oscillator (LO) designed for the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). The phase instability in the original fiber optics design scheme is characterized and a novel, singlemode fiber-based interferometric approach to measure and actively zero out the unwanted Photonic LO phase drift is introduced. The proposed technique is implemented and characterized by using a 16 km baseline with a two element array. In the second application, the first iteration of the quasioptics design used in the ATOMMS instrument is characterized. (ATOMMS-Active Temperature, Ozone and Moisture Microwave Spectrometer-is the pathfinding implementation of an Earth and Space Atmosphere Global Remote Sensing Instrument).The diffraction problems in this design which were limiting the instrument performance were analyzed. Then different design concepts to mitigate these limitations and optimize system performance are presented.
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Bignell, Allan M. "Photonic bus and photonic mesh networks : design techniques in extremely high speed networks /." *McMaster only, 1997.
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Howlett, Isela Danielle, and Isela Danielle Howlett. "Endoscope Design for Volume Holographic Imaging." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625584.
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Early stage detection of cancerous tissue is critical to increasing the 5-year survival rate for patients. The development of devices capable of accessing and visualizing these tissue sites plays an important role in this process. Many cancer types have existing screening methods however many have proven ineffective in large clinical trials. Since early stages of cancer development often has subtle changes from normal tissue, traditional non-invasive imaging techniques such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging are not able to detect them. The following work evaluates the feasibility of miniaturization of Volume Holographic Imaging (VHI) systems into laparoscopic endoscopes for tissue and cancer screening.
The work is divided into two main sections discussing the design and evaluation of each imaging system. The first system is a Reflectance VHI Endoscope designed for simultaneous imaging of two imaging depths within a tissue sample. The system is evaluated for resolution and contrast through imaging of resolution bar targets and soft tissue samples. The second system is a Wavelength Coded VHI Endoscope which combines the Reflectance VHI Endoscope imaging properties with axial chromatic dispersion effects of Gradient Index (GRIN) optics to improve the volume holographic element performance and reduce excess background light. Both Reflectance and Wavelength Coded VHI systems utilize a sub-4 mm diameter rigid relay probe which has been approved for in-vivo applications.
The sub-4.4 µm/lp resolution produced by both VHI Endoscope systems and tissue depth separations of 50 µm and 100 µm for the Reflectance and Wavelength Coded designs, respectively, make VHI systems a candidate for clinical evaluation of early stage cancer development.
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Van, Heiningen Jan. "Ultra-small angle light scattering : apparatus design optimization." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84092.
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Ultra-small angle light scattering (USALS) is a technique used to probe large average spatial and temporal structure of soft condensed matter complementary to microscopy. Limited information is available on the design and features of a multi-speckle CCD-based USALS apparatus. The optics of such a setup are described followed by an optimization scheme involving ray tracing that can be used to choose the optimum lenses by taking into account the finite spot size due to lens aberrations, diffraction, and the CCD pixel size. Results of calculations of the optimization scheme are presented for a static light scattering (SLS) setup followed by a few experimental tests of our current apparatus.
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Locke, Ann M. "Design and analysis of a snapshot imaging spectropolarimeter." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280365.
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The subject of this dissertation is the implementation of Computed Tomographic Imaging Channeled Spectropolarimetry (CTICS) in the design and analysis of a short wave infrared (SWIR) system with a 54 x 46 spatial resolution and 70 band spectral resolution from 1.25-1.99 μm for the purpose of object identification and classification. It is the first of its kind to provide imaging spectropolarimetry with no moving parts and snapshot capability. This spectropolarimeter has applications in many fields, such as mining, military reconnaissance, biomedical imaging, and astronomy. First, motivations are provided for building this unique imaging spectropolarimeter by discussing the current applications of such systems, the drawbacks of previous designs, and a review of some the current systems being used. A review of basic concepts on imaging systems, linear algebra, and polarimetry is given as an introduction into the technical details of the design of the system that follow. First, designing the Computed Tomography Imaging Spectrometer (CTIS) and then the channeled spectropolarimetry components. The fusion of these two techniques create the CTICS. An assembled version of the SWIR CTIS is calibrated and reconstructions of various objects demonstrate the capabilities of this portion of the system. The polarimetry components are added and a discussion follows on the method used to extract the new data. Two systems, a polarization state generator (PSG) and rotating retarder fixed analyzer (RRFA) system are built to verify the CTICS accuracy. The final assembled system is presented and testing results are shown. Error analysis on various sources of noise is done. To conclude, a novel sub-Nyquist sampling technique is demonstrated and future work is suggested on a reconstruction technique that will streamline the postprocessing of the images.
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Bao, Yufei. "Integrated optical tapped-delay-lines : design, analysis and implementation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15446.
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Ayre, Melanie. "Photonic crystal interfaces : a design-driven approach." Thesis, St Andrews, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/143.
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Alyammahi, Saleimah. "Design and Simulation of Multifunctional Optical Devices Using Metasurfaces." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1508340337384298.
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Cronkite, Patrick Joseph 1961. "Design methods for focusing grating coupler using holographic optical elements." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276863.
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Light can be coupled out of a waveguide to a focused point by a focusing grating coupler and has possible applications in optical data storage. The grating can be fabricated with either e-beam techniques or holographic techniques. Two design methods are demonstrated that model the focusing grating coupler with holographic optical elements. Both methods take a geometrical optics approach to designing the holographic optical elements and both methods make use of commercially available ray trace programs. The first method uses complicated non-rotationally symmetric construction optics and requires either a modified ray trace program or special user defined surfaces. The second method involves a much simpler approach which did not require any changes to an existing ray trace program and requires only rotationally symmetric elements to correct the aberrations.
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Lacroix, Frédéric 1973. "Design, analysis and implementation of free-space optical interconnects." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38072.
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Optical interconnects represent an attractive alternative technology for the implementation of dense, high-speed interconnects, as they do not suffer from many of the problems plaguing electrical interconnects such as frequency-dependent crosstalk and attenuation.However, optics has still not been accepted commercially as an interconnect technology. There is concern regarding the cost and complexity of the optomechanics needed to achieve the very fine alignments necessary to guarantee that the light emitted from the source actually falls on the receiver. The demonstration of a simple-to-assemble, dense and robust optical interconnect would constitute an important proof of the practicality of this technology. The photonic backplane demonstrator system presented in this thesis addresses these issues through a novel approach; the system uses slow Gaussian beams (f/16) and a clustered design to maximize misalignment tolerances. This in turn relaxes the positioning and packaging requirements for the components, thus simplifying assembly.
This thesis pursues two sets of complementary goals; the first set is concerned with the demonstration of some desirable optomechanical characteristics for optical interconnects such as passive alignment, repeatability and stability while the second set of goals is concerned with a verification of hypotheses often used in the design and implementation of optical interconnects. Such hypotheses are often used in practice to design optical interconnects despite the fact that little data exists in the literature to warrant their use. It therefore makes good sense to spend some time verifying the accuracy of these models. This will provide a solid engineering foundation for the design of future systems.
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Zhang, Pu. "Theory of transformation optics and invisibility cloak design." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-31673.
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Research on metamaterials has been growing ever since the first experimental realization of double negative media. The theory of transformation optics provides people with a perfect tool to make use of vast possibilities of the constitutive parameters for metamaterials. A lot of fascinating designs have been brought to us by transformation optics, with invisibility cloaks being the most intensely studied. The present thesis aims to develop the basic theory of transformation optics, and utilize it to design invisibility cloaks for various applications. After the background description of this field, the theory of transformation optics is first introduced. Formulas of transformation medium parameters and transformed fields are derived with every detail explained, so that the working knowledge of transformation optics can be grasped with minimal prerequisite mathematics. Proof of form invariance of full Maxwell’s equations with sources is presented. Design procedure of transformation optics is then demonstrated by creating perfect invisibility cloaks. The introduction to basic theory is followed by discussions on our works included in our published papers. As our first application, a method of designing two-dimensional reduced cloaks of complex shapes is proposed to relieve the difficulty of singularity occurring in perfect cloaks. The simple and intuitive method is the first way to design two-dimensional reduced cloaks of shapes other than cylindrical. Elliptical and bowtie shaped reduced cloaks are presented to verify the effectiveness of the method. Prominent scattering reduction is observed for both examples. Considering the practical realization, transformations continuous in the whole space must be the identity operation outside certain volume, and thus they can only manipulate fields locally. Discontinuous transformations are naturally considered to break the limitation. We study the possible reflections from such a transformation medium due to a discontinuous transformation by a new concept of inverse transformation. This way, the reflection falls into the framework of transformation optics as well. A necessary and sufficient condition for no reflection is derived as a special case. Unlike the invisibility realized by perfect cloaks, cloaking an object over a dielectric half-space has advantages in some particular applications. Starting from a perfect cloak, a half-space cloak is designed to achieve this. In our design, two matching strips embedded in the dielectric ground are used to induce proper reflection in the upper air space, so that the reflected field is the same as that from the bare dielectric ground. Cloaks obtained from singular transformations and even reduced models all have null principal value in their material parameters, making invisibility inherently very narrowband. In contrast, a carpet cloak designed by only coordinate deformation does not have the narrowband issue, and can perform well in a broad spectrum. The invisibility accomplished by the carpet cloak is also for the half-space case as our previous design. In this part, we extend the original version of a carpet cloak above a PEC sheet to a general dielectric ground.QC 20110415
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Chaderjian, Aria. "Design and Testing of Composite Mirror Adaptive Optics." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1326.
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Adaptive optics work to reduce optical losses in the LIGO detectors, making them more sensitive to gravitational wave events. Mode-mismatch between the coupled optical cavities, caused by uncertainty in the radii of curvature and orientation of the interferometer optics, is one of the main sources of loss in Advanced LIGO. Thermal actuators are used to dynamically change the radius of curvature of certain interferometer optics, allowing mode mismatches to be reduced. Finely tunable astigmatic mirrors have the potential to be very useful in gravitational wave detectors for beam reflections at non-normal incidence, but have never been tested. These astigmatic composite mirrors are constructed by bonding a fused silica mirror to a non-axially-symmetric metal plate. When heated, the mirror is differentially distorted in the x- and y-directions due to its asymmetric design, resulting in an elliptical reflected beam profile. We model and test an initial mirror design, finding that it does, in fact, act as an astigmatic mirror. This finding opens a new avenue towards development of adaptive optics for current and next-generation gravitational wave detectors.
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Pazder, John Stanley. "The optical design of an adaptive optics system imaging two selectable atmospheric layers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32673.pdf.
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Kopon, Derek. "The Optical Design of a Visible Adaptive Optics System for the Magellan Telescope." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/268372.
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The Magellan Adaptive Optics system will achieve first light in November of 2012. This AO system contains several subsystems including the 585-actuator concave adaptive secondary mirror, the Calibration Return Optic (CRO) alignment and calibration system, the CLIO 1-5 μm IR science camera, the movable guider camera and active optics assembly, and the W-Unit, which contains both the Pyramid Wavefront Sensor (PWFS) and the VisAO visible science camera. In this dissertation, we present details of the design, fabrication, assembly, alignment, and laboratory performance of the VisAO camera and its optical components. Many of these components required a custom design, such as the Spectral Differential Imaging Wollaston prisms and filters and the coronagraphic spots. One component, the Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector (ADC), required a unique triplet design that had until now never been fabricated and tested on sky. We present the design, laboratory, and on-sky results for our triplet ADC. We also present details of the CRO test setup and alignment. Because Magellan is a Gregorian telescope, the ASM is a concave ellipsoidal mirror. By simulating a star with a white light point source at the far conjugate, we can create a double-pass test of the whole system without the need for a real on-sky star. This allows us to test the AO system closed loop in the Arcetri test tower at its nominal design focal length and optical conjugates. The CRO test will also allow us to calibrate and verify the system off-sky at the Magellan telescope during commissioning and periodically thereafter. We present a design for a possible future upgrade path for a new visible Integral Field Spectrograph. By integrating a fiber array bundle at the VisAO focal plane, we can send light to a pre-existing facility spectrograph, such as LDSS3, which will allow 20 mas spatial sampling and R~1,800 spectra over the band 0.6-1.05 μm. This would be the highest spatial resolution IFU to date, either from the ground or in space.
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Tan, Ronson K. "Design and analysis of an integrated-optical serial-to-parallel converter for high-data-rate communications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13382.
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Sigrist, Norbert. "First-order design of mirror systems with no axial symmetry." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284660.
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All-reflective imaging systems that are asymmetrical and eccentric have the advantage of providing more degrees of freedom to improve image quality. A disadvantage of these asymmetrical imaging systems is that they suffer from asymmetric mapping. This asymmetric mapping manifests itself mainly in the presence of keystone distortion and anamorphism. Due to the increase in degrees of freedom, the complexity of such systems escalates; thus, the designer is confronted with the difficult task of determining optimal starting points. This work addresses several first-order aspects of the design and characterisation of asymmetrical, all-reflective, aspherical, eccentric imaging systems. In contrast to the work of Stone and Forbes, which is based upon the theory of Hamiltonian optics and includes both the first- and second-order considerations, this work is based upon the theory of collineation. Because of the inherent simplicity of the collinear mapping, which is a projective transformation, we are able to present a simple but certainly not naive way of designing and characterising such asymmetrical all-reflective imaging systems. The simplicity of this proposition has the advantage that we can gain insights into asymmetrical mapping behaviour. Specifically, we apply the collinear mapping model on all-reflective asymmetrical imaging systems resulting in the description of how the mapping between conjugate planes may be described. First we will define keystone distortion and anamorphism. Then we will introduce and investigate the significance of the Cardinal points and planes, the Scheimpflug condition and the horizon planes and show how they are applied in the designing of imaging systems that are free of both keystone distortion and anamorphism. Having established a first-order layout of the optical system, we will then develop a process for converting the first-order layouts into imaging systems consisting of real aspheric surfaces.
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Wu, Zhi. "Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Subwavelength Metallic Structures." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1312179645.
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Bayar, Cevdet. "Optical Design And Analysis Of A Riflescope System." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611093/index.pdf.
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Today, riflescope systems are used widely, mostly by military forces. In this study, a
riflescope working in the visible range (400-700 nm) will be designed. The riflescope
will have 3 degrees field of view and maximum 15 cm total track. Total design
length is limited to 15 cm because a short riflescope is more stabilized than a long
one with respect to thermal instability and vibrational effects. Taken into account the
cost factor, only two types of glasses will be used in the design. One of them is NBK7
a crown glass and the other is N-F2 a flint glass. Moreover, Schmidt-Pechan
prism will be used to construct an erected image. The optical performance analysis of
the design is also carried out for a production ready riflescope system.
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Fournier, Florian. "FREEFORM REFLECTOR DESIGN WITH EXTENDED SOURCES." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3146.
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Reflector design stemmed from the need to shape the light emitted by candles or lamps. Over 2,000 years ago people realized that a mirror shaped as a parabola can concentrate light, and thus significantly boosts its intensity, to the point where objects can be set afire. Nowadays many applications require an accurate control of light, such as automotive headlights, streetlights, projection displays, and medical illuminators. In all cases light emitted from a light source can be shaped into a desired target distribution with a reflective surface. Design methods for systems with rotational and translational symmetry were devised in the 1930s. However, the freeform reflector shapes required to illuminate targets with no such symmetries proved to be much more challenging to design. Even when the source is assumed to be a point, the reflector shape is governed by a set of second-order partial non-linear differential equations that cannot be solved with standard numerical integration techniques. An iterative approach to solve the problem for a discrete target, known as the method of supporting ellipsoids, was recently proposed by Oliker. In this research we report several efficient implementations of the method of supporting ellipsoids, based on the point source approximation, and we propose new reflector design techniques that take into account the extent of the source. More specifically, this work has led to three major achievements. First, a thorough analysis of the method of supporting ellipsoids was performed that resulted in two alternative implementations of the algorithm, which enable a fast generation of freeform reflector shapes within the point source approximation. We tailored the algorithm in order to provide control over the parameters of interest to the designers, such as the reflector scale and geometry. Second, the shape generation algorithm was used to analyze how source flux can be mapped onto the target. We derived the condition under which a given source-target mapping can be achieved with a smooth continuous surface, referred as the integrability condition. We proposed a method to derive mappings that satisfy the integrability condition. We then use these mappings to quickly generate reflector shapes that create continuous target distributions as opposed to reflectors generated with the method of supporting ellipsoids that create discrete sets of points on the target. We also show how mappings that do not satisfy the integrability condition can be achieved by introducing step discontinuities in the reflector surface. Third, we investigated two methods to design reflectors with extended sources. The first method uses a compensation approach where the prescribed target distribution is adjusted iteratively. This method is effective for compact sources and systems with rotational or translational symmetry. The second method tiles the source images created by a reflector designed with the method of supporting ellipsoids and then blends the source images together using scattering in order to obtain a continuous target distribution. This latter method is effective for freeform reflectors and target distributions with no sharp variations. Finally, several case studies illustrate how these methods can be successfully applied to design reflectors for general illumination applications such as street lighting or luminaires. We show that the proposed design methods can ease the design of freeform reflectors and provide efficient, cost-effective solutions that avoid unnecessary energy consumption and light pollution.Ph.D.
Optics and Photonics
Optics and Photonics
Optics PhD
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Alenin, Andrey S. "Matrix structure for information-driven polarimeter design." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3700194.
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Estimating the polarization of light has been shown to have merit in a wide variety of applications between UV and LWIR wavelengths. These tasks include target identification, estimation of atmospheric aerosol properties, biomedical and other applications. In all of these applications, polarization sensing has been shown to assist in discrimination ability; however, due to the nature of many phenomena, it is difficult to add polarization sensing everywhere. The goal of this dissertation is to decrease the associated penalties of using polarimetry, and thereby broaden its applicability to other areas.
First, the class of channeled polarimeter systems is generalized to relate the Fourier domains of applied modulations to the resulting information channels. The quality of reconstruction is maximized by virtue of using linear system manipulations rather than arithmetic derived by hand, while revealing system properties that allow for immediate performance estimation. Besides identifying optimal systems in terms of equally weighted variance (EWV), a way to redistribute the error between all the information channels is presented. The result of this development often leads to superficial changes that can improve signal-to-noise-ration (SNR) by up to a factor of three compared to existing designs in the literature.
Second, the class of partial Mueller maitrx polarimeters (pMMPs) is inspected in regards to their capacity to match the level of discrimination performance achieved by full systems. The concepts of structured decomposition and the reconstructables matrix are developed to provide insight into Mueller subspace coverage of pMMPs, while yielding a pMMP basis that allows the formation of ten classes of pMMP systems. A method for evaluating such systems while considering a multi-objective optimization of noise resilience and space coverage is provided. An example is presented for which the number of measurements was reduced to half.
Third, the novel developments intended for channeled and partial systems are combined to form a previously undiscussed class of channeled partial Mueller matrix polarimeters (c-pMMPs). These systems leverage the gained understanding in manipulating the structure of the measurement to design modulations such that the desired pieces of information are mapped into channels with favorable reconstruction characteristics.
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Vaughnn, David 1963. "Applying information gathering power to the design of a field lens for a high resolution fiber-fed astronomical spectrograph." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278448.
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A new figure of merit, the potential information gathering power, P , is developed for use in evaluating the performance of spectrographs. It is based on the premise that it is desirable to maximize the product of the SNR at each resolution element in the reduced data by the number of resolution elements. Because of this general intent, it places no a priori emphasis on any particular scientific use. This figure is then applied to the task of improving the performance of a real fiber-fed astronomical spectrograph when it is operated in its high-resolution mode. It is shown that the optimum configuration corresponds to adding a new field lens, changing the focal length and size of the collimator, and arranging the camera and collimator axes to the narrowest allowable geometry. An approximate gain of between 15% to 18% may be realized.
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Liang, Chen. "Design of miniature microscope objective optics for biomedical imaging." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280105.
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The topic of this dissertation is on the design and construction of miniature microscope objective optics. The design of miniature microscope objective is both similar and different from conventional microscope objective. The design and construction of two miniature microscope objectives are presented in this dissertation. The first one is a high numerical aperture (NA), water-immersion objective and it is a part of a fiber confocal reflectance microscope (FCRM). The second one is a moderate NA dry objective and it is a part of a miniature microscope array (MMA). The capability, complexity and fabrication method of the two miniature objectives are different but they both share some similar design traits as result of their miniaturization. FCRM's miniature objective has a NA of 1.0 and it is designed to operate at near infrared lambda = 1,064 nm. It is 7 mm in outer diameter and 21 mm in length (measured from object plane to image plane). This kind of dimension is approximately 10 times smaller than a conventional microscope objective of similar caliber. Sub-micrometer resolution has been experimentally demonstrated with this miniature objective. MMA's miniature objective has a NA of 0.4 and it is designed to operate over the visible spectrum. It is 1.2 mm in diameter and 9.4 mm in length. The image quality of MMA's miniature objective is experimentally demonstrated to be comparable to the state-of-art commercial microscope objective.
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Ma, Jiantao. "Optical design for a head-mounted display." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56799.
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This thesis reports on the design of an optical relay for use in a color, stereo Head-Mounted Display (HMD) system.Based on reviews and discussions of the requirements of the human visual system, major factors affecting the visual acuity, the aberration tolerances of the human eye, and optical design limitations, we derive the design criteria for the optical relay. A survey of alternate approaches to the three components of HMDs is presented.
A brief review of first order optics, aberration theory, general design principles, and computer aided lens design is also given.
Two multi-spherical lens systems, a straight structure and a folded layout, are presented. Their aberrations (distortion, coma, lateral color, field curvature and astigmatism) have been well corrected. Each of them has a 20 mm eye relief and an instantaneous field-of-view greater than 60$ sp circ.$
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Uthoff, Ross. "Design of a Smartphone-Camera-based Fluorescence Imaging System for the Detection of Oral Cancer." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/593619.
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Shown is the design of the Smartphone Oral Cancer Detection System (SOCeeDS). The SOCeeDS attaches to a smartphone and utilizes its embedded imaging optics and sensors to capture images of the oral cavity to detect oral cancer. Violet illumination sources excite the oral tissues to induce fluorescence. Images are captured with the smartphone’s onboard camera. Areas where the tissues of the oral cavity are darkened signify an absence of fluorescence signal, indicating breakdown in tissue structure brought by precancerous or cancerous conditions. With this data the patient can seek further testing and diagnosis as needed. Proliferation of this device will allow communities with limited access to healthcare professionals a tool to detect cancer in its early stages, increasing the likelihood of cancer reversal.
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Angeh, Wolfgang Ondua. "Design and performance analysis of a survivable metropolitan area fiber optic communication network." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02022010-020030/.
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Lidberg, Gustav, Karl Pontén, and Johan Millberg. "Design of Optical Magnetic Systems for Terahertz Lensing." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, FREIA, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445114.
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When graphene is subjected to magnetic fields, it can be used as an optical device with light in the terahertz region. The functionality of the graphene depends on which magnetic field profile is influencing it. In this project, magnet configurations producing uniform and quadratic magnetic field profiles were studied. A script was written that allowed the user to place dipoles and ring magnets in the proximity of a graphene disc. The script would then determine the necessary dimensions of the permanent magnets used to produce the target magnetic field. The resulting magnetic configurations have been shown to produce a magnetic field within ±1% of the target profile, on the specified domain. However, further studies are required to establish if the acquired configurations proves reasonable in practise, and if so, how well the corresponding optical devices will perform.
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Van, Brunt Bruce. "Functional differential equations and lens design in geometrical optics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d56090fc-b360-492b-9bd9-c6f36c30db86.
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The subject of this thesis is lens design using a system of functional differential equations arising from Fermat's Principle in geometrical optics. The emphasis is primarily on existence, uniqueness, and analyticity, properties of solutions to these equations, but some asymptotic methods are developed for special cases. Three specific lens problems are considered in detail: the first is an axial lens having two pairs of foci on the optical axis, the second is an axial lens which focuses light at two different frequencies to two distinct points, the third is a lens symmetric about an axis having foci not on said axis.
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Novell, Sara T. "Design of Structural Stand for High-Precision Optics Microscopy." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2132.
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Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LLNL) is home to the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the world’s largest and most energetic laser. Each of the 192 beamlines contains dozens of large optics, which require offline damage inspection using large, raster-scanning microscopes. The primary microscope used to measure and characterize the optical damage sites has a precision level of 1 µm. Mounted in a class 100 clean room with a raised tile floor, the microscope is supported by a steel stand that structurally connects the microscope to the concrete ground. Due to ambient vibrations experienced in the system, the microscope is only able to reliably reach a 10-µm level of precision.
As NIF’s technology advances, there is a need to both increase optic measurement throughput and to measure damage sites at a higher level of precision. As a result, there is to be another microscope mounted into another clean room lab at LLNL. To assure the microscope can meet its specified level of precision, the stand on which it is mounted was designed to meet the rigorous Environmental Vibrational Criteria standards, or VC curves.
Through the collection of random vibrational data using accelerometers and Power Spectral Density (PSD) analysis, the stand was designed to meet the VC-C curve requirement of velocities below 12.5 µm/sec. Furthermore, the stand design was optimized to avoid resonance at common vibrational signatures throughout the frequency spectrum, placing its first natural frequency at a sufficiently high level to minimize amplification.
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Wiggers, Greg A. "Molecular Design for Nonpolar Chiral-axial Quadratic Nonlinear Optics." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1220713451.
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