Journal articles: 'Opticality'

1

McDowell, David. "Another Light: Painting’s Phenomenal Opticality." International Journal of the Image 2, no. 3 (2012): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2154-8560/cgp/v02i03/44044.

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BANTINAKI, KATERINA. "The Opticality of Pictorial Representation." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 66, no. 2 (March 2008): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6245.2008.00298.x.

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3

BANTINAKI, KATERINA. "The Opticality of Pictorial Representation." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 66, no. 2 (March 2008): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-594x.2008.00298.x.

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4

Stuart-Smith, Mark. "Opticality and Ventriloquism in Juan Muñoz's The Wasteland (1986)." Art History 40, no. 5 (April 3, 2017): 1098–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8365.12230.

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5

Soussloff, Catherine M. "Jackson Pollock's Post-Ritual Performance: Memories Arrested in Space." TDR/The Drama Review 48, no. 1 (March 2004): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105420404772990673.

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Uneasy that Jackson Pollock's paintings indicate a profound involvement with myth and that his dedication to the curative potential of psychoanalysis indicate a sustained engagement with his infantile fantasies and early family history, art historians have not agreed on how to interpret Pollock's paintings. There are two major trends: Pollock's “opticality” and the meaning of the nonrepresentational and representational marks found in them. Soussloff seeks a third way—the meaning of myth, ritual, and performance in Pollock's abstractions.

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6

Tyler, Christopher. "Rosetta Stone? Hockney, Falco and the Sources of “Opticality” in Lorenzo Lotto's Husband and Wife." Leonardo 37, no. 5 (October 2004): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0024094041955971.

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In his book Secret Knowledge, David Hockney proposes that the “optical quality” of Flemish art arose around 1420, because artists such as van Eyck then began to use optical devices for accurate projection of subject images onto the canvas. Although Hockney describes Lotto's Man and Wife as the “Rosetta Stone” of his argument, the author's analysis reveals that its perspective structure is incompatible with the logic of local optical projection. Regions that should be geometrically coherent in an optical projection display pronounced distortions, while regions that should be incoherent show no such distortions. Such detailed evidence, as well as the inability of optical projection to capture the effect of windblown garments, is inconsistent with Hockney's claim.

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7

McColm, Donna. "Reapproaching The Medium: Morris Louis, Opticality And Disembodiment In American Painting During The 1950s And 1960s." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Art 8, no. 1 (January 2007): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14434318.2007.11432780.

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8

Getsy, David. "Tactility or opticality, Henry Moore or David Smith: Herbert Read and Clement Greenberg on The Art of Sculpture, 1956." Sculpture Journal 17, no. 2 (December 2008): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/sj.17.2.7.

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9

Shi, Nuannuan, Wei Li, Ninghua Zhu, and Ming Li. "Optically controlled phase array antenna [Invited]." Chinese Optics Letters 17, no. 5 (2019): 052301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201917.052301.

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10

Fei Yuhang, 费宇航, 隋修宝 Sui Xiubao, 王庆宝 Wang Qingbao, 陈钱 Chen Qian, and 顾国华 Gu Guohua. "微透镜阵列光学实现卷积运算." Infrared and Laser Engineering 51, no. 2 (2022): 20210887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla20210887.

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11

Yan, Yeguang, Gang Liu, Haixiao Lin, Kaifeng Yin, Kun Wang, and Jixi Lu. "VCSEL frequency stabilization for optically pumped magnetometers." Chinese Optics Letters 19, no. 12 (2021): 121407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202119.121407.

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12

Hålenius, Ulf, and Bengt Lindqvist. "Chromophoric divalent iron in optically anisotropic magnussonite." European Journal of Mineralogy 8, no. 1 (February 22, 1996): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/8/1/0025.

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13

Yikun Bu, Yikun Bu, Rong Guo Rong Guo, Yankai Li Yankai Li, Zengyou Meng Zengyou Meng, and Nan Chen Nan Chen. "All-dielectric metameric filters for optically variable devices." Chinese Optics Letters 12, s1 (2014): S10604–310607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.s10604.

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14

ZOU Jing, 邹晶, 蒋一鸣 JIANG Yiming, 胡晓东 HU Xiaodong, and 赵金涛 ZHAO Jintao. "光学耦合CT系统几何位姿参数标定方法." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 51, no. 4 (2022): 0412005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20225104.0412005.

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15

Lu, Tingting, Jian Ma, Xiaolei Zhu, and Weibiao Chen. "Highly efficient electro-optically Q-switched 473 nm blue laser." Chinese Optics Letters 17, no. 5 (2019): 051405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201917.051405.

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16

Hao, Qianqian, Wenxin Liu, Yuqian Zu, Yangxiao Wang, Jie Liu, and Liangbi Su. "Highly efficient dual-wavelength acousto-optically Q-switched Tm,La:CaF2 laser." Chinese Optics Letters 20, no. 11 (2022): 111402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202220.111402.

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17

Hasanova, U. A., Z. O. Qahramanova, and P. F. Huseynova. "USING OPTICALLY ACTIVE CHIRAL CROWN ETHER AT ENANTIOMERIC SEPARATION OF AMINES." Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, no. 3 (September 28, 2021): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2021-3-59-62.

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The synthesized S-enantiomer of the crown ether was used as an adsorbent to separate the racemic mixture of L-alanine ether of phenamine into individual diastereomers by column chromatography. Chromatographic separation occurred due to the formation of complexes of different stability between diastereomers and optically selective adsorbents on a host-guest principle. The separated diastereomers were converted into enantiomers by hydrolysis. The structure and optical activity of the synthesized crown ether and separated enantiomers were investigated by physicochemical methods

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18

Gongxun Dong, Gongxun Dong, Jianliao Deng Jianliao Deng, Jinda Lin Jinda Lin, Song Zhang Song Zhang, Haixiao Lin Haixiao Lin, and and Yuzhu Wang and Yuzhu Wang. "Recent improvements on the pulsed optically pumped rubidium clock at SIOM." Chinese Optics Letters 15, no. 4 (2017): 040201–40204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201715.040201.

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19

Sidor, M. I. "Azimuthally invariant phase tomography of optically anisotropic sections of biological tissues." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 18, no. 2 (June 8, 2015): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo18.02.147.

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20

MICHIHATA, Masaki, Yasuhiro TAKAYA, and Terutake HAYASHI. "3231 Optically controlled surface sensing probe enhanced by radially polarized beam." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2011.6 (2011): _3231–1_—_3231–4_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2011.6._3231-1_.

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21

Dr.S., Venkat Iyengar, and Balaji S. "CFD and Structural Analysis of an Optically Accessible Combustor Sector Rig." Bonfring International Journal of Power Systems and Integrated Circuits 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijpsic.8340.

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22

Brunner, Henri, and Josef Berghofer. "Enantioselektive Katalyse, 96 [1]. Naphthalin-Aufbauglieder in der Synthese von optisch aktiven Zweischalenphosphinen / Naphthalene Units in the Synthesis of Optically Active Two-Layer-Phosphines." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 1510–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-1012.

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Two-layer phosphines were synthesized by reacting optically active bromonaphthyl derivatives with 1,2-bis(dichlorophosphino)ethane. The optically active bromonaphthyl ethers and amines were obtained from l-bromo-2,6-bis(bromomethyl)naphthalene and the optically active alcohol (-) borneol and the optically active amine (+)-N-methyl-3-aminomethylpinane.

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23

Zhu, Yiran, Yuan Zhou, Zhe Wang, Zhiwei Fang, Zhaoxiang Liu, Wei Chen, Min Wang, Haisu Zhang, and Ya Cheng. "Electro-optically tunable microdisk laser on Er3+-doped lithium niobate thin film." Chinese Optics Letters 20, no. 1 (2022): 011303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202220.011303.

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24

Jing Huang, Jing Huang, Xiuhan Hu Xiuhan Hu, and Weibiao Chen Weibiao Chen. "Electro-optically Q-switched 946 nm laser of a composite Nd:YAG crystal." Chinese Optics Letters 13, no. 2 (2015): 021402–21405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.021402.

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25

Ushenko, A. G. "Brief description of laser polarimetry microscopy methods of optically anisotropic biological layers." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 19, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo19.04.421.

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26

Gao, Qian, Hengli Zhang, and Javed Fayyaz. "Laser diode partially end-pumped electro-optically Q-switched Yb:YAG slab laser." Chinese Optics Letters 17, no. 11 (2019): 111405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201917.111405.

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27

Pitwon, Richard, Anil Reddy, Aditya Jain, Kevin Gomez, Sebastian A. Schulz, Liam O’Faolain, Kai Wang, Allen Miller, and Vivienne Davies. "Evolution of System Embedded Optical Interconnect in Sub-Top-of-Rack Data Center Systems." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031565.

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In this paper we review key technological milestones in system embedded optical interconnects in data centers that have been achieved between 2014 and 2020 on major European Union research and development projects. This includes the development of proprietary optically enabled data storage and switch systems and optically enabled data storage and compute subsystems. We report on four optically enabled data center system demonstrators: LightningValley, ThunderValley2, Pegasus and Aurora, which include advanced optical circuits based on polymer waveguides and fibers and proprietary electro-optical connectors. We also report on optically enabled subsystems including Ethernet-connected hard disk drives and microservers. Both are designed in the same pluggable carrier form factor and with embedded optical transceiver and connector interfaces, thus allowing, for the first time, both compute and storage nodes to be optically interchangeable and directly interconnectable over long distances. Finally, we present the Nexus platform, which allows different optically enabled data center test systems and subsystems to be interconnected and comparatively characterized within a data center test environment.

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28

Tian, Duanshuai, Henian Peng, Ziyue Liu, and Wenjun Tang. "Optically active N-alkyl aziridines via stereospecific reductive cyclization of α-mesylated acetamides." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 18 (2018): 2723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qo00774h.

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An efficient method for the synthesis of optically active N-alkyl aziridines has been realized for the first time by stereospecific reductive cyclization of optically active α-mesylated acetamides. A series of optically active N-alkyl aziridines are prepared in moderate to good yields and excellent ees.

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29

Osborne, I. S. "Optically Adapting." Science 335, no. 6075 (March 22, 2012): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.335.6075.1410-b.

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30

Rigby, J. R., G. H. Rieke, P. G. Perez‐Gonzalez, J. L. Donley, A. Alonso‐Herrero, J. ‐S Huang, P. Barmby, and G. G. Fazio. "Why Optically Faint AGNs Are Optically Faint: TheSpitzerPerspective." Astrophysical Journal 627, no. 1 (July 2005): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/430398.

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31

Gupta, D., W. R. Donaldson, K. Kortkamp, and A. M. Kadin. "Optically triggered switching of optically thick YBCO films." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 3, no. 1 (March 1993): 2895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.234005.

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32

Li, Shu Han, Ning Yang, Li Cheng, and Sheng Hua Zhang. "A High-Speed and High-Linearity BiCMOS Optically Coupled Isolation Amplifier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 2200–2203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.2200.

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To improve the current non-linear optically coupled isolation amplifier and high power consumption, we designed a low-power, high-speed and high-linearity BiCMOS optically isolation amplifier. There are only two push-pull output stages configuration bipolar transistor (BJT) in the design process, the rest of the circuit is the CMOS device. To improve amplifier gain linearity and stability, we introduce the complementary symmetrical photodiode, in the optically coupled part and every amplifier, negative feedback is introduced. Experimental results indicate that the design of optically isolation amplifier ± 3 dB bandwidth increases 40 kHz than optically isolation amplifier ISO100 bipolar, When the power supply voltage is 4.8 V, the delay - power product of DP is lower than ISO100 37.3 pJ, gain linearity is up to 5.5 × 10-5, which is suitable for high-speed control system.

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33

Qianhuan Yu, Qianhuan Yu, Mingjian Wang Mingjian Wang, and Weibiao Chen Weibiao Chen. "Electro-optically Q-switched high-repetition-rate 1.73 \mu m optical parametric oscillator." Chinese Optics Letters 13, no. 8 (2015): 081406–81409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.081406.

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34

XIAO Luyao, 肖路遥, 唐曦 TANG Xi, 林晓东 LIN Xiaodong, 高子叶 GAO Ziye, 段志飞 DUAN Zhifei, 杜潇睿 DU Xiaorui, 夏光琼 XIA Guangqiong, 吴正茂 WU Zhengmao, and 邓涛 DENG Tao. "电流调制下光注入VCSEL-SA的可重构逻辑运算." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 51, no. 11 (2022): 1114005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20225111.1114005.

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35

Bestenlehner, Joachim M. "Mass loss and the Eddington parameter: a new mass-loss recipe for hot and massive stars." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493, no. 3 (February 18, 2020): 3938–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa474.

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ABSTRACT Mass loss through stellar winds plays a dominant role in the evolution of massive stars. In particular, the mass-loss rates of very massive stars ($\gt 100\, M_{\odot}$) are highly uncertain. Such stars display Wolf–Rayet spectral morphologies (WNh), whilst on the main sequence. Metal-poor very massive stars are progenitors of gamma-ray bursts and pair instability supernovae. In this study, we extended the widely used stellar wind theory by Castor, Abbott & Klein from the optically thin (O star) to the optically thick main-sequence (WNh) wind regime. In particular, we modify the mass-loss rate formula in a way that we are able to explain the empirical mass-loss dependence on the Eddington parameter (Γe). The new mass-loss recipe is suitable for incorporation into current stellar evolution models for massive and very massive stars. It makes verifiable predictions, namely how the mass-loss rate scales with metallicity and at which Eddington parameter the transition from optically thin O star to optically thick WNh star winds occurs. In the case of the star cluster R136 in the Large Magellanic Cloud we find in the optically thin wind regime $\dot{M} \propto \Gamma _{\rm e}^{3}$, while in the optically thick wind regime $\dot{M} \propto 1/ (1 - \Gamma _{\rm e})^{3.5}$. The transition from optically thin to optically thick winds occurs at Γe, trans ≈ 0.47. The transition mass-loss rate is $\log \dot{M}~(\mathrm{M}_{\odot } \, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}) \approx -4.76 \pm 0.18$, which is in line with the prediction by Vink & Gräfener assuming a volume filling factor of $f_{\rm V} = 0.23_{-0.15}^{+0.40}$.

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36

Balmes, Kelly, and Qiang Fu. "An Investigation of Optically Very Thin Ice Clouds from Ground-Based ARM Raman Lidars." Atmosphere 9, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9110445.

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Optically very thin ice clouds from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) and ground-based Raman lidars (RL) at the atmospheric radiation measurement (ARM) sites of the Southern Great Plains (SGP) and Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) are analyzed. The optically very thin ice clouds, with ice cloud column optical depths below 0.01, are about 23% of the transparent ice-cloudy profiles from the RL, compared to 4–7% from CALIPSO. The majority (66–76%) of optically very thin ice clouds from the RLs are found to be adjacent to ice clouds with ice cloud column optical depths greater than 0.01. The temporal structure of RL-observed optically very thin ice clouds indicates a clear sky–cloud continuum. Global cloudiness estimates from CALIPSO observations leveraged with high-sensitivity RL observations suggest that CALIPSO may underestimate the global cloud fraction when considering optically very thin ice clouds.

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37

Morris, Simon L., and Martin J. Ward. "Optically Thin Gas in the BLR of Seyfert Galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 134 (1989): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900140641.

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Evidence has been accumulating that the gas which produces the broad line emission (BLR gas) in active galaxies has a range of physical conditions, and may indeed come from a distribution of spatially distinct regions (Gaskell 1982, Ulrich et al. 1984, Netzer 1987, Collin-Soufrin et al. 1988). In this paper, we try to separate out any contribution to the BLR emission line profiles from optically thin material. We do this by comparing the profiles of OI λ8446 (a flourescence line only produced by clouds very optically thick to Lyman α, Elitzur and Netzer 1985) and Hα (which can be produced by optically thick and optically thin clouds).

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38

Avramenko, A. A., N. P. Dmitrenko, V. M. Kovalenko, and V. G. Gorobets. "APPROXIMATE ESTIMATES OF COMPLEX HEAT EXCHANGE IN OPTICALLY THICKNESS AND OPTICALLY THIN TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 41, no. 3 (April 10, 2019): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.3.2019.3.

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39

Morikawa, Atsushi, Masa-Aki Kakimoto, and Yoshio Imai. "Preparation of aromatic polyamides from newly separated optically pure phenylindanedicarboxylic acid and their application to enantioseparation." High Performance Polymers 6, no. 4 (August 1994): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/6/4/009.

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An optically pure isomer of 1,l,3.-trimethyl-3-phenylindane-4',5-dicarboxylic acid (PIDA) was obtained by introduction of racemric PIDA to a diester of the optically pure alcohol. D-(-)-pantolactone, followed by hydrolysis of the separated stereoisomer of the diester. Optically active aromatic polyamides (aramids) were synthesized by the reaction of the optically pure PIDA with various aromatic diamines. The specific rotations of these aramids ranged from + 284 to +4416. The aramids were soluble in organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylacetamide, pyridine and m-cresol. These materials had glass transition temperatures over 290 'C, and did not decompose below 380 C. The solubility and thermal behaviour were almost the same as those of the racemic aramids. The optically active aramids were examined as a stationary phase for chromatographic enantioseparation. When the aramid derived from p-phenylenediamine was used for this purpose, the stereoisomers of l-phenylethylamine could be easily separated.

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40

Červinka, Otakar, Marcel Pátek, and Vladimír Stružka. "Enantioselective addition of optically active organotitanium reagents to benzaldehyde." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 5 (1991): 1032–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19911032.

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Addition of optically active alkyltitanium (IV) reagents IIb and IIc to benzaldehyde afforded optically active 1-phenylethanol (V) of 37-48% optical purity and 1-phenylpentanol (VI) of 10-24% optical purity. Reagents IIb and IIc were prepared with the use of (1R,2S)-(-)-1-phenyl-1,2-propanediol (III) and (1R,2S)-(+)-1-cyclohexyl-1,2-propanediol (IV) as optically active components. Relations between the enantioselectivity achieved and reaction conditions are discussed.

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41

LIU, HONGWEI, CHUANFU CHEN, FU XI, PENG WANG, SHUANG ZHANG, PEIJI WU, and CHENG YE. "OPTICAL LIMITING PROPERTIES OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE METAL-FREE AND METAL PHTHALOCYANINES SUBSTITUTED WITH CHIRAL BINAPHTHYL CROWN ETHER UNITS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 10, no. 04 (December 2001): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863501000796.

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The optical limiting properties of five optically active phthalocynines substituted with chiral binaphthyl crown ether units, (R)- and (S)- BNCE - H 2 Pc , (R)- and (S)-BNCE-CuPc, (S)-BNCE-PbPc, were investigated in solution at 532 nm with 10 ns pulses. The experimental results indicated that the (S)- and (R)-optical isomer exhibit similar optical limiting behavior and the central metal ions, Cu or Pb in the optically active metal phthalocyanine have not significantly enhanced the optical limiting behavior compared with that of the optically active metal-free phthalocyanine. In addition, the nonlinear absorption of the optically active metal-free and metal phthalocyanines was determined by the standard open aperture Z-scan technique.

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42

Barvainis, Richard. "Free-free Emission and the Big Blue Bump." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 159 (1994): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090017545x.

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Optically thin thermal emission may be a viable alternative to optically thick accretion disks for the origin of the optical/UV Big Blue Bump. In this contribution I summarize a number of points favoring the optically thin, or free-free, hypothesis. The free-free model is consistent with the most stringent quasar size and luminosity constraints provided sources are composed of a large number of very small and dense cloudlets or filaments.

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43

Umezawa, Junko, Osamu Takahashi, Keizo Furuhashi, and Hiroyuki Nohira. "Synthesis of optically active oxazolines from optically active epoxides." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 5, no. 3 (March 1994): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-4166(00)86221-7.

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44

Nosov, Yu G. "Can the optically uniaxial crystal be made optically isotropic?" Physics of the Solid State 53, no. 12 (December 2011): 2490–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783411120183.

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45

Lin, Ling, Haiyan Mao, Ziyin Li, Wenyao Li, and Chaoxia Wang. "Preparation and Characterization of Optically Active Polyurethane from Rotatory Binaphthol Monomer and Polyurethane Prepolymer." Molecules 26, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 2986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102986.

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Optically active polymers are promising multifunctional materials with great application potentials. Herein, environmentally friendly optically active polyurethanes (OPUs) were obtained by introducing rotatory binaphthol monomer to polyurethane. The influence of binaphthol monomer content on the structure, mechanical properties, infrared emissivity, and thermal insulation of OPUs was studied intensively. Structure characterization indicated that the optically active polyurethanes have been successfully synthesized. The OPU synthesized with BIMOL and BDO at the mole ratio of 1:1 presented better thermal resistance. In addition, OPUs showed enhanced tensile strength and stretchability with the increase of BINOL content to a certain extent due to its rigid structural features and high molecular weight. The optically active polyurethanes showed lower infrared emissivity values (8–14 μm) than waterborne polyurethane (WPU), and the infrared emissivity decreased from 0.850 to 0.572 as the content of the BINOL monomer increased. Moreover, OPU4 exhibited the best heat insulation and cooling ability with about a 7 °C temperature difference. The thus-synthesized optically active polyurethanes provide an effective solution for developing highly effective thermal insulation materials.

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46

YIN, ZHANG-QI, ANDREW A. GERACI, and TONGCANG LI. "OPTOMECHANICS OF LEVITATED DIELECTRIC PARTICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 26 (September 20, 2013): 1330018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213300181.

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We review recent works on optomechanics of optically trapped microspheres and nanoparticles in vacuum, which provide an ideal system for studying macroscopic quantum mechanics and ultrasensitive force detection. An optically trapped particle in vacuum has an ultrahigh mechanical quality factor as it is well-isolated from the thermal environment. Its oscillation frequency can be tuned in real time by changing the power of the trapping laser. Furthermore, an optically trapped particle in vacuum may rotate freely, a unique property that does not exist in clamped mechanical oscillators. In this review, we will introduce the current status of optical trapping of dielectric particles in air and vacuum, Brownian motion of an optically trapped particle at room temperature, Feedback cooling and cavity cooling of the Brownian motion. We will also discuss about using optically trapped dielectric particles for studying macroscopic quantum mechanics and ultrasensitive force detection. Applications range from creating macroscopic Schrödinger's cat state, testing objective collapse models of quantum wavefunctions, measuring Casimir force, searching short-range non-Newtonian gravity, to detect gravitational waves.

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47

Negru, Ioan Cristinel, Viorica Vasilache, Ion Sandu, Romeo Iulian Olariu, Petru Ovidiu Tanasa, Daniel Potolinca, and Irina Crina Anca Sandu. "Depth Profiling of Diffraction-based Security Features in Authentic and Counterfeit Banknotes." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.2.4843.

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High printing quality of banknotes and the variety of security features implemented in banknotes make a big difference between the genuine notes and high-quality forgeries. The counterfeiter cannot reproduce or imitate the printing quality and all security features embedded in every banknote, such as Optically Variable Ink, Optically Variable Diffractive Images, or intaglio printing. The present research focused on the examination of optically variable devices embedded on 50Îbanknotes. The altered banknotes were examined using different techniques.

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48

Sumi, Kenzo, Takao Ikariya, and Ryoji Noyori. "Efficient synthesis of optically active 2-amino-2'-diphenylphosphino-1,1'-binaphthyl and its derivatives." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 78, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-248.

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Optically active 2-amino-2'-diphenylphosphino-1,1'-binaphthyls having various functional groups, such as amino, alkoxycarbonylamino, acylamino, mono- and dialkylamino, and sulfonylamino at C2 position were prepared. The key intermediate of the above aminophosphines was 2-carbamoyl-2'-diphenylphosphinyl-1,1'-binaphthyl synthesized from optically active 2-cyano-2'-diphenylphosphinyl-1,1'-binaphthyl. The transformation of the carbamoyl group to an amino group was effected by the Hofmann reaction.Key words: aminophosphine ligand, Hofmann reaction, optically active phosphine ligand.

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49

Dwenger, Marc, William J. Kowalski, Fei Ye, Fangping Yuan, Joseph P. Tinney, Shuji Setozaki, Takeichiro Nakane, et al. "Chronic optical pacing conditioning of h-iPSC engineered cardiac tissues." Journal of Tissue Engineering 10 (January 2019): 204173141984174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731419841748.

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The immaturity of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived engineered cardiac tissues limits their ability to regenerate damaged myocardium and to serve as robust in vitro models for human disease and drug toxicity studies. Several chronic biomimetic conditioning protocols, including mechanical stretch, perfusion, and/or electrical stimulation promote engineered cardiac tissue maturation but have significant technical limitations. Non-contacting chronic optical stimulation using heterologously expressed channelrhodopsin light-gated ion channels, termed optogenetics, may be an advantageous alternative to chronic invasive electrical stimulation for engineered cardiac tissue conditioning. We designed proof-of-principle experiments to successfully transfect human induced pluripotent stem cell derived engineered cardiac tissues with a desensitization resistant, chimeric channelrhodopsin protein, and then optically paced engineered cardiac tissues to accelerate maturation. We transfected human induced pluripotent stem cell engineered cardiac tissues using an adeno-associated virus packaged chimeric channelrhodopsin and then verified optically paced by whole cell patch clamp. Engineered cardiac tissues were then chronically optically paced above their intrinsic beat rates in vitro from day 7 to 14. Chronically optically paced resulted in improved engineered cardiac tissue electrophysiological properties and subtle changes in the expression of some cardiac relevant genes, though active force generation and histology were unchanged. These results validate the feasibility of a novel chronically optically paced paradigm to explore non-invasive and scalable optically paced–induced engineered cardiac tissue maturation strategies.

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50

Wicks, Gail A., Warwick L. Felton, Robert D. Murison, Gordon E. Hanson, and Paul G. Nash. "Efficiency of an Optically Controlled Sprayer for Controlling Weeds in Fallow." Weed Technology 12, no. 4 (December 1998): 638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00044493.

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Field experiments were conducted to compare performance of glyphosate with three different boom arrangements in a winter wheat-fallow rotation near North Platte, NE, in 1994 and 1995. One boom was optically controlled, and the other boom was for broadcast herbicide applications. Spraying with both booms at the same time was called “dual boom.” The sprayers were tested during May, June, and July on two weed density levels established by applying glyphosate at 0.42 kg ae/ha with and without atrazine at 0.84 kg ai/ha in October following wheat harvest. The dual-boom and the broadcast herbicide applications were more efficient in controlling weeds than the optically controlled system. The dual boom reduced weed density 4.5-fold compared with the optically controlled sprayer used alone. Horseweed < 8 cm tall was more difficult to control with the optically controlled sprayer than redroot pigweed and kochia because of its cylindrical-shaped growth patterns. Barnyardgrass and green foxtail seedlings with an erect growth pattern were also difficult for the sensors to detect. Poorer control with the optically controlled sprayer was associated with failure to identify small weeds, chlorotic plants, inconsistency among sensors, and too wide a field of view (FOV), as sensors were spaced farther apart than presently recommended. The number of sensors on a boom needs to be increased to improve the performance of the optically controlled sprayer.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Opticality'

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