Journal articles: 'Optical telecommunication networks'

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Luo, Guande. "Application of Optical Network Transmission Technology in Telecommunication Network." Journal of Networking and Telecommunications 2, no. 3 (October 18, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/jnt.v2i3.1363.

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<p>In the telecommunication network, the optical network transmission system is one of the most important components. The system mainly includes two elements, namely transmission media and node equipment. In the specific operation process, the effective use of the system can fundamentally provide practical and effective support for the telecommunication network, and it is safer and more effective applied in the telecommunication support network and various business networks. Moreover, it can carry out long-distance and large-capacity business transmission. Optical network transmission system and technology has a vital direct impact on the safe operation and innovative development of telecommunications networks, so it is very important and necessary to analyze and discuss the application of this technology in telecommunications networks. This article focuses on the analysis and discussion of the application of optical network transmission technology in telecommunication network and the specific implementation strategy, aiming to provide some reference for relevant practitioners.</p>

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Gregory, Mark A. "Telecommunications Performance Monitoring and Unlimited Data." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): ii—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v5n1.95.

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The Australian telecommunications industry has been slow to call for or to adopt new practices and the National Broadband Network has exacerbated the problem of technology adoption lag. There are two key issues facing telecommunication consumers today. The cost of optical networking has significantly reduced over the past five years so there is no justification for the network congestion that occurs on Australian telecommunication networks. To remedy this situation the introduction of performance monitoring is fully supported. It is time for the telecommunications industry to adopt new broadband business models that are based on the provision of unlimited data and a maximum of 90 to 95 per cent utilisation on optical network links.

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Selmanović, Faruk, Edvin Skaljo, and Boris Nemsic. "Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network in Telecommunication Networks." Fiber and Integrated Optics 31, no. 2 (April 6, 2012): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01468030.2012.664760.

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Bayvel, Polina. "Future high-capacity optical telecommunication networks." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 358, no. 1765 (January 15, 2000): 303–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2000.0533.

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Aishah Zainiar, Noor, Farabi Iqbal, ASM Supa’at, and Adam Wong Yoon Khang. "Robustness metrics for optical networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp845-853.

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Telecommunication networks are vulnerable towards single or simultaneous nodes/links failures, which may lead to the disruption of network areas. The failures may cause performance degradation, reduced quality of services, reduced nodes/links survivability, stability, and reliability. Therefore, it is important to measure and enhance the network robustness, via the use of robustness metrics. This paper gives an overview of several robustness metrics that are commonly used for optical networks, from the structural, centrality and functional perspectives.

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Kozdrowski, Stanisław, Mateusz Żotkiewicz, Kacper Wnuk, Arkadiusz Sikorski, and Sławomir Sujecki. "A Comparative Evaluation of Nature Inspired Algorithms for Telecommunication Network Design." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 6840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196840.

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The subject of the study was an application of nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms to node configuration optimization in optical networks. The main objective of the optimization was to minimize capital expenditure, which includes the costs of optical node resources, such as transponders and amplifiers used in a new generation of optical networks. For this purpose a model that takes into account the physical phenomena in the optical network is proposed. Selected nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms were implemented and compared with a reference, deterministic algorithm, based on linear integer programming. For the cases studied the obtained results show that there is a large advantage in using metaheuristic algorithms. In particular, the evolutionary algorithm, the bees algorithm and the harmony search algorithm showed superior performance for the considered data-sets corresponding to large optical networks; the integer programming-based algorithm failed to find an acceptable sub-optimal solution within the assumed maximum computational time. All optimization methods were compared for selected instances of realistic teletransmission networks of different dimensions subject to traffic demand sets extracted from real traffic data.

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Przystupa, Krzysztof, Mykola Beshley, Mykola Kaidan, Volodymyr Andrushchak, Ivan Demydov, Orest Kochan, and Daniel Pieniak. "Methodology and Software Tool for Energy Consumption Evaluation and Optimization in Multilayer Transport Optical Networks." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 2, 2020): 6370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236370.

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In communication networks, the volume of traffic, the number of connected devices and users continues to grow. As a result, the energy consumption generated by the communication infrastructure has become an important parameter that needs to be carefully considered and optimized both when designing the network and when operating it in real-time. In this paper, the methodology of calculation of complex parameters of energy consumption for transport telecommunication networks is proposed. Unlike the known techniques, the proposed methodology takes into account heterogeneity and multilayer networks. It also takes into account the energy consumption parameter during the downtime of the network equipment in the process of processing the service data blocks, which is quite an important task for improving the accuracy of energy consumption at the stage of implementing the energy-saving network. We also developed simulation software to estimate and manage the energy consumption of the optical transport network using the LabVIEW environment. This software tool allows telecommunication network designers to evaluate energy consumption, which allows them to choose the optimal solution for the desired projects. The use of electro-and acousto-optical devices for optical transport networks is analyzed. We recommended using electro-optical devices for optical modulators and acousto-optical devices for optical switches. The gain from using this combination of optical devices and the parameter of rij electro-optical coefficient and M2 acousto-optical quality parameter found in the paper is about 36.1% relative to the complex criterion of energy consumption.

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Þorsteinsson, Sæmundur E. "Nýting ljósleiðara á Íslandi." Icelandic Journal of Engineering 23 (April 28, 2017): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ije.23.2.

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General deployment of optical fibre technology commenced in the eighties. Its introduction revolutionised the telecommunications arena and has become the foundation of most telecommunication systems in use today. Optical fibres connect continents and countries, are used in core and access networks and for backhauling of mobile communication systems. The internet would barely exist without optical fibres and globalisation would hardly have seen the dawn of light. Three submarine optical cables connect Iceland to the outside world; Farice and Danice connect Iceland to Europe and Greenland Connect to America via Greenland. The optical ring around Iceland constitutes the Icelandic core network. The ring passes by nearly all villages and towns and fibre deployment in the access network has reached an advanced state. Fibre deployment in rural areas has already begun and will presumably be finished in a few years. Iceland plays a leading role in fibre deployment. In this paper, fibre utilisation in Iceland will be described, both in core and access networks. Three different architectures for fibre deployment in the access network will be described. Competition on fibre networks will also be discussed.

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Armel, Bimogo Joseph, Essiben Dikoundou Jean-Francois, and Ihonock Eyembe Luc. "Comparative evaluation of optical amplifiers in passive optical access networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1452. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i3.pp1452-1461.

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In this paper, the parameters of optical amplifiers are evaluated using numerical methods with the Optisystem software. The main objective of this evaluation is the implementation of an optical telecommunication architecture, able to push back the current limits, due to a more and more restricted bandwidth following a demand which does not stop growing. We start from a study of the classical architecture of an optical telecommunication network with an external modulation provided by the mach zehnder modulator, the non return to zero (NRZ) coding, a pseudo random bit generator and a continuous wave (CW) laser diode of frequency 193.1 THz. The results obtained show a transmission possibility at 30.8 dBm and an output power of 25 dBm (316 mW) with an electrical rate signal to noise (SNR) and optical rate signal to noise (OSNR) beyond 34 dBm. The successive integration of the different amplifiers will improve these results with a gain of more than 10 dBm and also provide a better signal quality.

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Qian, Fengchen, Yalin Ye, Ning Shan, and Bing Su. "A Novel Architecture of Telecommunication Networks for Next Generation Internet." MATEC Web of Conferences 173 (2018): 03036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817303036.

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In this paper, we present a novel DC-centric architecture of telecommunication networks for next generation Internet. Data flow become the major traffic in existing telecommunication networks. Traditional computer networks and telecom networks meet many challenges in high-quality service, innovation, evolution, and management. Based on analysis existing telecom networks’ challenges, a DC-centric telecom network architecture with splitting the data plane from the control plane is proposed. The DC-centric telecom network is a widely-distributed data center network (DCN), which is composed of thousands of public or private DCs. Each DC not only plays the role of storage and computing, but also is a network node of data aggregation, switching, and routing. We also design an optical switching, which is evaluated by experiment.

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Dovgiy, Stanislav O., Oleh V. Kopiika, and Oleksii S. Kozlov. "Synthesis of information and telecommunication networks of automatized environmental security systems with the purpose of gaining maximum noise resistance with a given efficiency." Environmental safety and natural resources 40, no. 4 (December 24, 2021): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2021.4.5-20.

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The article defines the system features, properties and characteristics of information and telecommunication networks of automated environmental safety systems: information reliability and proven efficiency as a fundamental characteristic of system perfection. The main task of this research is to standardize the highest level of information and telecommunications networks architecture that provide the creation, processing, storage, deletion and transportation of information. In this case, the architecture is considered as a single for: all types of networks (including network services): optical transport network, Internet network (data network), fixed telephone network, mobile network and all types of products, customers, services, resources, aspects of management. A very important requirement is that the system architecture should not change when changing the structure of products, market requirements or the structure of the company. Standardization of information systems architecture involves: defining a complete list of architecture components; determination of functional boundaries of components; definition of interfaces (protocols) of interaction of components. The main purpose of architecture standardization is: to reduce the implementation of telecommunications services by reducing the time for implementation and modernization of information systems, and increase the efficiency of implementation of information systems, as well as reduce costs for their creation and operation by: avoiding duplication of functions; use of open interfaces; repeated use of the same type of elements. The research concerns the structural synthesis of the architectures of four main telecommunication networks: transport, IP, mobile and fixed. Eight sets of network resources (levels) were selected to standardize each network architecture. Based on the results of the analysis, it is possible to draw a conclusion about the development potential of each network depending on the trends of modern telecommunications services. The telecommunication services means of production architecture, which include platforms of network resources and network services, is considered. The article proposes a methodological basis for the synthesis of information and communication technology systems in order to establish a single information platform, which is presented as a universal architecture of information and communication systems. The messaging service is considered in the context of: one workstation, one domain and interconnection between domains. The efficiency of information transmission systems is considered. When evaluating different communication systems, two indicators were taken into account: efficiency and noise immunity; their combination gives a fairly complete description of the system. The most perfect system is the one that provides the greatest efficiency at a given noise immunity or, conversely, the greatest noise immunity at a given efficiency.

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Dasari, Anusha. "Optical Fiber Communication Evolution,Technology and Future Trends." Journal of Advance Research in Electrical & Electronics Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2395) 2, no. 8 (August 31, 2015): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nneee.v2i8.181.

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Fiber optic systems are important telecommunication infrastructure for world-wide broadband networks. Wide bandwidth signal transmission with low delay is a key requirement in present day applications. Optical fibers provide enormous and unsurpassedtransmission bandwidth with negligible latency, and are now the transmission medium of choice for long distance and high data ratetransmission in telecommunication networks. This paper gives an overview of fiber optic communication systems including their keytechnologies, and also discusses their technological trend towards the next generation.

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Fernández-Ruiz, María R., Hugo F. Martins, Sonia Martin-Lopez, and Miguel Gonzalez-Herraez. "Submarine seismic tomography using optical fibres." Europhysics News 51, no. 3 (May 2020): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn/2020304.

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The repurpose of the available telecommunication fibre optical network as a seismic monitoring tool has been recently tested with very promising prospects. Optical fibre networks possess all the ingredients to become the next generation seismic monitoring system, offering high performance at minimum deployment and maintenance cost, especially at hardly accessible regions such as the oceans’ bottom.

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Zhang, Ning. "Control and Operation to Hybrid Optical Network." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.576.

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In this paper, a novel hybrid optical network system is presented. The continuing increase of data traffic keeps the pressure on the backbone telecommunication networks requiring more diverse and more intelligent allocation of capacity. Optical networking has become a key technology in accommodating the rapidly expanding Internet traffic. Hybrid nodes are now playing a key role in optical networks by facilitating efficient traffic management. New optical networks are expected to support the increasing network load by employing both sophisticated transmission (wavelength division multiplexing division (WDM)) and switching technologies (optical switches and cross-connects). This study will explain how the hybrid nodes achieve with different network models and make it operation through innovative technical designs.

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Tomasov, Adrian, Martin Holik, Vaclav Oujezsky, Tomas Horvath, and Petr Munster. "GPON PLOAMd Message Analysis Using Supervised Neural Networks." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 8139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228139.

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This paper discusses the possibility of analyzing the orchestration protocol used in gigabit-capable passive optical networks (GPONs). Considering the fact that a GPON is defined by the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication sector (ITU-T) as a set of recommendations, implementation across device vendors might exhibit few differences, which complicates analysis of such protocols. Therefore, machine learning techniques are used (e.g., neural networks) to evaluate differences in GPONs among various device vendors. As a result, this paper compares three neural network models based on different types of recurrent cells and discusses their suitability for such analysis.

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McNeil, D. A., A. J. Addlesee, and J. Taylor. "The aerodynamic installation of optical fibres in telecommunication networks." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 216, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440802321194477.

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The installation of optical fibres for communication purposes is increasingly being carried out using a blowing technique. This study reviews the basis of the current design methods for this technique and proposes a new method based on a more traditional fluid mechanics approach. The method is used to demonstrate how far optical fibres can be blown and the stress levels likely to be encountered by them at various positions within their journey. The method will allow for future technological developments to be simulated by allowing for air drag on the fibre and the constraining tube wall to be treated differently.

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Smith, P. J., D. W. Faulkner, and G. R. Hill. "Evolution scenarios for optical telecommunication networks using multiwavelength transmission." Proceedings of the IEEE 81, no. 11 (1993): 1580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.247729.

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Dlamini, P. P., G. M. Isoe, D. Kiboi Boiyo, A. W. R. Leitch, and T. B. Gibbon. "All-Optical VCSEL-to-VCSEL Injection Based on Cross Gain Modulation for Routing in Multinode Flexible Spectrum Optimization in Optical Fibre Transmission Links." International Journal of Optics 2019 (August 4, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2987652.

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In this paper, we experimentally present a novel, all-optical spectral efficient vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser- (VCSEL-) based technique for routing and spectrum assignment in optical networks. Exploiting all optical VCSEL-to-VCSEL injection to attain cross gain modulation, the optical transmitter is optimized for optical transmission paths to assure quality of service by overcoming blockage for differentiated bandwidth demands during network congestion incidences. A 10 Gbps directly modulated 1549 nm master VCSEL is optically injected into the 1549 nm side modes of a 1550 nm slave VCSEL. The Shannon limit is considered for higher transmission rates with the problem decomposed into degraded routing and spectrum assignment and chromatic dispersion in the optical transmission link penalties. In this work, the proposed technique achieved a 1.3 dB penalty for transmission over a 25 km G.655 nonzero dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre, a value within the transmission media and optical system characteristics of 3 dB as recommended by the International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication (ITU-T). The number of transceivers, switches, and optical transmission links in the network was reduced, increasing the number of satisfied bandwidth requests, thus optimizing the spectral resource utilization.

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Nsafoa-Yeboah, Kenneth, Eric Tutu Tchao, Bright Yeboah-Akowuah, Benjamin Kommey, Andrew Selasi Agbemenu, Eliel Keelson, and Mohammad Monirujjaman Khan. "Software-Defined Networks for Optical Networks Using Flexible Orchestration: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2022 (August 4, 2022): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5037702.

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Optical networks offer a wide range of benefits to the telecommunication sector worldwide with their provision of higher bandwidth, which leads to faster data speed, longer transmission distance, and improved latency. Currently, the complexity associated with advancements in optical networks poses problems to network flexibility, reliability, and quality of service. Over the years, many reviews and proposals have been implemented by several literature studies to provide solutions for optical networks using software-defined networks and network service orchestrators. This study reviews the significant challenges in current optical network applications, the various solutions rendered by software-defined networks, and network service orchestration, impediments, and gaps in these software-defined networks. This study will go a step further to look into the various improvements and implementations of software-defined networks tailored to solve specific optical network problems. This study further proposes a flexible orchestration architecture for software-defined networks for solving flexibility and scalability problems in optical networks. This proposal uses an open network system (ONOS) SDN controller, leveraging on dockerisation and Kubernetes clusterisation and orchestration. This solution presents a more flexible, reliable, customable, and higher quality of service, which is an improvement upon current solutions in the literature.

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Turza, Krzysztof, Przemyslaw Krehlik, and Lukasz Sliwczynski. "Stability Limitations of Optical Frequency Transfer in Telecommunication DWDM Networks." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 67, no. 5 (May 2020): 1066–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2019.2957176.

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Nakazawa, Masataka. "Proposal of multifunctional coherent Nyquist pulse and ultra-high-speed and high-efficiency optical transmission technology." Impact 2020, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.2.18.

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A cornerstone of technological advancement in the last century has been the development of ever faster and higher capacity telecommunications. Being able to transmit large amounts of information, at a good rate over long distances is essential for running many of the services, business and industries that we all rely upon. The development of large national and international telecommunication networks underpins the internet and, with it, the World Wide Web. All this powers a huge range of diverse activities as security services, the entertainment industry, national health services and distribution. As more and more people are connected to this network and more and more information is transmitted between these people, the capacity of the network must increase. This can broadly be split into two categories: access – the laying of cables and construction of mobile towers, technology – the creation of improved data transmitting methods that can transmit more data, at a faster rate, further away. The former is a question of private enterprise and public policy, the latter is the domain of engineers and physicists. Professor Masataka Nakazawa, who is based at the Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University in Japan, is a world-leading expert in optical telecommunications. Nakazawa and his team have a mission to create new methods through which data can be transmitted using optical networks, recently they have consistently broken records for speed, capacity and efficiency in their cutting-edge optical communication technologies.

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Nakagawa, Kiyoshi. "Optical communication techniques. (10). Applications of optical fiber communication to public telecommunication networks." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 42, no. 3 (1988): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.42.263.

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Huang, Chi-Yo, Shih-Yu Chang, Yu-Hsien Yang, and Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng. "Next Generation Passive Optical Networking Technology Predictions by Using Hybrid MCDM Methods." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 15, no. 4 (June 20, 2011): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2011.p0400.

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The evolution of broadband telecommunication technologies has enabled applications over networks, which, in turn, has enabled the emergence of novel network services and applications such as VoIP and video on demand in triggering demand for higher network bandwidth. Passive Optical Networking (PON) is suitable for eliminating bandwidth insufficiency, so national governments and communities are observing the emergence of Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) technologies. Ethernet-based Passive Optical Networks (EPON) and Gigabit-based PON (GPON) are two candidates for next-generation PON in bandwidth efficiency. To predict which is more suitable nationally, we define a foresight framework based on hybrid Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods for selecting the most suitable PON. The development of next-generation PON, including Ethernet PON (EPON) and Gigabit PON (GPON), is introduced and compared. Experts from industry and academia were invited to predict the most suitable next-generation PON for Japan and emerging economies such as Taiwan. Results showed that EPON is most suitable for Japan and GPON most suitable for Taiwan. Results for the technological foresight can serve as the basis for national telecommunication policy and business product definition.

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Horvath, Tomas, Petr Munster, and Ning-Hai Bao. "Lasers in Passive Optical Networks and the Activation Process of an End Unit: A Tutorial." Electronics 9, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9071114.

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It is 21 years since the first passive optical network (PON) was standardized as an asynchronous transfer mode passive optical network (APON) with same optical distribution network scheme as we know in current networks. A lot of PON networks were standardized in the following years and became an important part of telecommunication. The general principles of these PON networks are described in many papers and books, but only a little information about used lasers is available. The aim of this tutorial is to describe lasers used in PON networks and principles of their operation. The paper describes the principles of single longitudinal mode (SLM), multi longitudinal mode (MLM), distributed-feedback (DFB), and Fabry–Pérot (FP) lasers. Furthermore, the lasers are compared by their usage in optical line termination (OLT) for passive optical networks. The second part of this tutorial deals with activation process of optical network unit. The described principle is the same for connection of a new customer or blackout scenario. The end unit is not able to communicate until reach the operational state; each state is defined with physical layer operation and administration and maintenance (PLOAM) messages sequence and their processing.

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Lateef, Zina Abdul, Fatima faydhe al-azzwi, and Majida Saud Ibrahim. "Design and Performance Thulium Doped Fiber Amplifier in Optical Telecommunication Networks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1963, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1963/1/012006.

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Agalliu, Rajdi, Catalina Burtscher, Michal Lucki, and Dana Seyringer. "Optical splitter design for telecommunication access networks with triple-play services." Journal of Electrical Engineering 69, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2018-0004.

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Abstract In this paper, we present various designs of optical splitters for access networks, such as GPON and XG-PON by ITU-T with triple-play services (ie data, voice and video). The presented designs exhibit a step forward, compared to the solutions recommended by the ITU, in terms of performance in transmission systems using WDM. The quality of performance is represented by the bit error rate and the Q-factor. Besides the standard splitter design, we propose a new length-optimized splitter design with a smaller waveguide core, providing some reduction of non-uniformity of the power split between the output waveguides. The achieved splitting parameters are incorporated in the simulations of passive optical networks. For this purpose, the OptSim tool employing Time Domain Split Step method was used.

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Benyahia, Ilham. "A Survey of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms for Telecommunication Networks." International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing 3, no. 2 (April 2012): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jamc.2012040102.

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Optical and ad-hoc networks which fulfill the communications requirements of complex applications must meet the Quality of Service (QoS) demanded by these applications, such as transmission delay. These demands are hard to satisfy in the presence of unpredictable behavior in the environment such as interference, traffic congestion, etc. Algorithms based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) offer an effective approach to meet such challenges since they are well suited to the dynamic routing optimization and dynamic resource reassignment required by these applications. In this paper, the author presents a survey of Ant Colony Optimization variants applied to ad-hoc and optical networks. The ACO variant called AntHocNet in particular will be reviewed, analyzed, and criticized from the point of view of emergent applications for environment management such as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).

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Burleigh, Scott C., Tomaso De Cola, Simone Morosi, Sara Jayousi, Ernestina Cianca, and Christian Fuchs. "From Connectivity to Advanced Internet Services: A Comprehensive Review of Small Satellites Communications and Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6243505.

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Recently, the availability of innovative and affordable COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) technological solutions and the ever-improving results of microelectronics and microsystems technologies have enabled the design of ever smaller yet ever more powerful satellites. The emergence of very capable small satellites heralds an era of new opportunities in the commercial space market. Initially applied only to scientific missions, Earth observation and remote sensing, small satellites are now being deployed to support telecommunications services. This review paper examines the operational features of small satellites that contribute to their success. An overview of recent advances and development trends in the field of small satellites is provided, with a special focus on telecommunication aspects such as the use of higher frequency bands, optical communications, new protocols, and advanced architectures.

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Grigoriu, Mircea, and Marius Constantin Popescu. "Study on Optical Fiber Insertion in Underground Telecommunication Networks Using Hydraulic Similarity." Procedia Technology 22 (2016): 637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2016.01.133.

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Masetti, F., J. Benoit, F. Brillouet, J. M. Gabriagues, A. Jourdan, M. Renaud, D. Bottle, et al. "High speed, high capacity ATM optical switches for future telecommunication transport networks." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 14, no. 5 (June 1996): 979–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/49.510922.

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Stojce Ilcev, Dimov. "Emerging network architecture of ultrafast fixed broadband technologies and solutions." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i3.31128.

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This article is introducing the development and emerging network architecture of the newest ultrafast fixed broadband (BB) technologies and solutions in the terrestrial telecommunication industries right across the globe. The modern ultrafast networks and access technologies are known as G.fast, Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification 3.1 (DOCSIS 3.1), and Gigabit Passive Optical Networks (GPON). The basic concepts associated with broadband communication network technologies with emphasis on the provision of multipurpose service focused on the evolution and challenging fields of the broadband communication techniques from the traditional architecture to the incorporation of virtualization services here are also discussed.

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Muciaccia, Tommaso, and Vittorio M. N. Passaro. "Proposal for an SDN-Like Innovative Metro-Access Optical Network Architecture." International Journal of Optics 2019 (April 1, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3618785.

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Today, telecommunication operators are facing an epochal challenge due to the need of higher reconfigurability, flexibility, and dynamicity for their networks. In the latest years, this necessity has been addressed by the introduction of Software-Defined Networking (SDN), mainly in the fields of data centers and core networks. The present work introduces a unified metro-access optical network architecture based on some features inspired by SDN models. The essential aim is to enable bandwidth shared among different passive optical networks (PONs) in order to achieve higher adaptability to increasingly migratory and volatile traffic patterns. Even if the present work is mainly focused on the architecture, several hints for specific implementation of the network nodes are detailed as well in order to demonstrate its feasibility. Several numerical simulations have been performed to assess the performance of the proposed solution both about physical effects and about quality of service. Bit error ratio degradation due to physical impairments has been evaluated and traffic congestion has been estimated in terms of burst loss probability and average throughput.

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Yaroshenko, Vitaly, Marina Obramenko, Artem Larin, Eduard Ageev, and Dmitry Zuev. "Dielectric metasurface for emission control of magnetic dipole in the near-IR wavelength range." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2015, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2015/1/012165.

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Abstract Developing active dielectric systems is in high demand due to growing the internet of things. Such systems can control the optical properties of nanoemitters which leads to an increase in the performance of the telecommunication networks. Here we numerically investigate metasurface consists of all-dielectric erbium-doped silicon nanocylinders. We demonstrate that such a structure can effectively control and enhance 320-folds spontaneous emission in the near-IR wavelength range. The results of this paper can be used for creating new telecommunication systems.

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Belitsky, A. M., R. R. Ivanenko, A. V. Besedin, and A. Y. Klochkov. "CUSTOMER ACCESS NETWORKING ON THE BASIS OF ETHERNET FTTH, PON TECHNOLOGIES." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-1-8-15.

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Nowadays, one of the trends of information and communication networks development is the provision within the shortest time of a larger number of telecommunication services to network users. Currently, connection of subscribers to xDSL communication channels provided by public switched telephone networks (PSTN) is widespread. Providers of classic telephony make active use of these networks due to the low cost of the connection of a subscriber. An obvious disadvantage of this connection type is the limited data transfer rate. Some Internet providers rapidly develop ETTH (Ethernet To The Home) networks. The advantage of ETTH networks is the targeting of the delivery of communication services to subscribers. One of the disadvantages is the operation of a network at the Ethernet level with all typical for this protocol features. The practice of optical networking has existed for many years; however, the basic approach to optical networking is based on the use of active equipment from the access node to users. PON-based (Passive Optical Network) FTTH architecture (Fiber To The Home) is as a rule, compatible with the Ethernet Protocol. The article shows the advantages of the deployment of PON-based FTTH networks, in particular, saving of fiber-optic lines in the area from the optical splitters to the Central telephone exchange or access point by using relevant ports. The article provides the description of access networks architecture applying Ethernet FTTH and PON technologies, and also discusses the prospects for further development of the above mentioned networks.

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GUTIERREZ, JOSE M., M. TAHIR RIAZ, OLE B. MADSEN, MATHIEU DAVID, and JENS M. PEDERSEN. "A METHODOLOGY FOR PHYSICAL INTERCONNECTION DECISIONS OF NEXT GENERATION TRANSPORT NETWORKS." Journal of Interconnection Networks 12, no. 01n02 (March 2011): 55–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265911002848.

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The physical interconnection for optical transport networks has critical relevance in the overall network performance and deployment costs. As telecommunication services and technologies evolve, the provisioning of higher capacity and reliability levels is becoming essential for the proper development of Next Generation Networks. Currently, there is a lack of specific procedures that describe the basic guidelines to design such networks better than "best possible performance for the lowest investment". Therefore, the research from different points of view will allow a broader space of possibilities when designing the physical network interconnection. This paper develops and presents a methodology in order to deal with aspects related to the interconnection problem of optical transport networks. This methodology is presented as independent puzzle pieces, covering diverse topics going from novel design criteria to well-known organized topologies. These can be used to investigate the influence of the physical interconnection of networks over their performance properties, and draw conclusions to improve the current decision support techniques related to this theme. In addition, several examples of the use of this methodology are presented.

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Saktioto, Yoli Zairmi, Velia Veriyanti, Wahyu Candra, Romi Fadli Syahputra, Yan Soerbakti, Vepy Asyana, et al. "Birefringence and Polarization Mode Dispersion Phenomena of Commercial Optical Fiber in Telecommunication Networks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1655 (October 2020): 012160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1655/1/012160.

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Hemamali, B. T., D. G. A. R. Lakmali, H. M. T. M. Kumari, M. A. R. M. Fernando, and J. R. S. S. Kumara. "Lightning Effect on Copper and Optical Fiber (FTTN) Access Networks of Telecommunication Systems." Engineer: Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka 49, no. 1 (January 21, 2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/engineer.v49i1.6918.

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Armghan, Ammar. "Implementation of Soft Decoding Mechanism for Addressing Nonlinearities in Long-Distance Optical Transmission System." Electronics 11, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071092.

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A soft decoding technique is discussed in this paper to improve the performance of long-distance optical networks (LDOTNs). LDOTNs are affected by phase noise and nonlinearities generated inside the fiber. The investigations of the proposed LDOTN were carried out by dual-polarization 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM), DP-64QAM over single-mode fiber (SMF) and digital signal processing (DSP) methodologies. The improved performance of the presented mechanism is discussed over SMF based on constellation shaping (CS). The CS of the presented LDOTN is then compared to the standard 16-QAM and 64-QAM using international telecommunication union-telecommunication (ITU-T) standard G-652.D and G-657.A1 SMF. The soft detecting procedure enables the LDOTNs to attain significant outcomes.

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Sabrigiriraj, M., K. Manoharan, and R. Karthik. "Wide-Sense Nonblocking Multicast in WDM Optical Linear Array and Ring Networks with 3-Length Extension Under Longest Link First Routing." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS 21 (July 5, 2022): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23205.2022.21.32.

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The modern scientific growths in optical networks based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) are more attractive to satisfy the high bandwidth requirements of the modern internet infrastructure. Moreover, they potential to satisfy the future bandwidth requirements.WDM optical networks act as the backbone for telecommunication and high-performance communication networks. Multicast communication is the simultaneous transmission of data from one source node to many destination nodes available in the network over wavelength division multiplexing. It is extensively deployed in high performance computing and communication networks. In this article, a linear array and ring networks are extended by directly linking all nodes which are separated by two intermediate nodes with additional fibers which is referred as linear array and ring network with 3-length extension. The wavelength allotment methods are proposed to realize one-to-many communication over wavelength division multiplexing optical linear array and ring with 2-length extension under longest link first routing and the minimum wavelength number needed is determined. The minimum wavelength number needed to support for the extended linear array is reduced approximately by 20% when compared with that of a linear array network and for the extended unidirectional ring is reduced approximately by 25% when compared with that of a unidirectional ring network. And also, for the extended bidirectional ring the minimum wavelength number is reduced approximately by 33% when compared with that of bidirectional ring network.

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Raghunathababu and Siddaiah P. "ELECTRO OPTIC MODULATOR DEVICES FOR HIGH SPEED DATA IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 10 (October 31, 2015): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i10.2015.2930.

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Electro Optic devices in fiber optic Communication systems are playing a Vital Role in telecommunication infrastructure for worldwide broadband networks. Wide bandwidth of signal transmission with low delay, wide transmission bandwidth with less latency, the transmission medium for long distance with high data rate transmission. This paper gives an overview of Electro optic devices for fiber optic systems and their key technologies, their technological trend towards the next generation.

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Clupek, Vlastimil, Tomas Horvath, Petr Munster, and Vaclav Oujezsky. "New Security Improvements in Next-Generation Passive Optical Networks Stage 2." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 4430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204430.

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Passive optical networks are currently the most promising solution for access networks. These networks rely on broadcast signal distribution in the downstream direction and unicast signal transmission in the upstream direction. The upstream direction is controlled by optical line termination (OLT). The broadcast transmission method increases security vulnerability because the attacker is able to connect his/her modified optical network unit (ONU) to the free port of the splitter (commonly in the basement). We present the concept for the activation process of ONUs based on physical unclonable function (PUF) for next-generation passive optical networks stage 2 (NG-PON2). The use of PUF increases security in the NG-PON2. Furthermore, the registration identifier (ID) is not stored in a nonvolatile memory, in comparison with the common solution defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendation G.989.3. An attacker cannot perform a reverse engineering attack to obtain the registration ID. For this reason, the attacker cannot clone an ONU. We proposed security improvements that involve authentication, encryption, integrity protection, and data origin verification methods in the NG-PON2. Our model uses the standard implementation of the transmission convergence layer of NG-PON2 with the new physical layer operations, administration, and maintenance (PLOAM) messages. The recommendation G.989.3 allows specifying own PLOAM messages since not all IDs are used in the current specification.

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Abd-Rahman, M. Kamil, M. Nasir Taib, and Ibrahim Azmi. "Application of Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor for Structure Monitoring." Materials Science Forum 517 (June 2006): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.517.202.

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Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are extensively used in optical add-drop multiplexers/demultiplexers, optical cross-connect switches, optical sensors and many others in optical fiber telecommunication networks. In this study, FBG was employed as an optical sensor for pile monitoring on steel and concrete structures particularly in bridges and buildings. The measurement was conducted in accordance to PWD (Public Works Department) requirements and the test showed compatible results to the vibrating wire strain gauge (VWSG) used in pile monitoring by PWD. The FBG sensors mounted onto the mild steel rod as a device-under-test have provided high sensitivity, good accuracy and linearity.

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Wei, Jinlong, Ji Zhou, Elias Giacoumidis, Paul Haigh, and Jianming Tang. "DSP-Based 40 GB/s Lane Rate Next-Generation Access Networks." Future Internet 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi10120118.

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To address the continuous growth in high-speed ubiquitous access required by residential users and enterprises, Telecommunication operators must upgrade their networks to higher data rates. For optical fiber access networks that directly connect end users to metro/regional network, capacity upgrade must be done in a cost- and energy-efficient manner. 40 Gb/s is the possible lane rate for the next generation passive optical networks (NG-PONs). Ideally, existing 10 G PON components could be reused to support 40 Gb/s lane-rate NG-PON transceiver, which requires efficient modulation format and digital signal processing (DSP) to alleviate the bandwidth limitation and fiber dispersion. The major contribution of this work is to offer insight performance comparisons of 40 Gb/s lane rate electrical three level Duobinary, optical Duobinary, and four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) for incorporating low complex DSPs, including linear and nonlinear Volterra equalization, as well as maximum likelihood sequence estimation. Detailed analysis and comparison of the complexity of various DSP algorithms are performed. Transceiver bandwidth optimization is also undertaken. The results show that the choices of proper modulation format and DSP configuration depend on the transmission distances of interest.

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Shiue, Ren-Jye, Dmitri K. Efetov, Gabriele Grosso, Cheng Peng, Kin Chung Fong, and Dirk Englund. "Active 2D materials for on-chip nanophotonics and quantum optics." Nanophotonics 6, no. 6 (March 15, 2017): 1329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0172.

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AbstractTwo-dimensional materials have emerged as promising candidates to augment existing optical networks for metrology, sensing, and telecommunication, both in the classical and quantum mechanical regimes. Here, we review the development of several on-chip photonic components ranging from electro-optic modulators, photodetectors, bolometers, and light sources that are essential building blocks for a fully integrated nanophotonic and quantum photonic circuit.

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Jaramillo Flórez, Samuel Ángel, and Yuli Fernanda Achipiz. "APPLICATIONS OF THE LIGHT LASER WITH SPATIAL INCOHERENCE AND BIONIC OPTIMIZATION TO THE OPTICAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS." Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío 25, no. 1 (March 28, 2014): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33975/riuq.vol25n1.169.

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The bioelectronics takes of the biology the optimized elements for to do a copy and to build technological mechanisms with functions based in that of body lives components. Telecommunications and biology present an analogy between the optical receivers and insects eyes, which forms are adequate to receipt signal since a transmitter, and these are been leaded to perfection by the nature during millions of years in the environment adaptation. The sizes and the forms depend of the direction of the waves and of the radiation pattern of these biotransmitters and bioreceivers (omatidies of insects eyes), which is similar as the optical communications emitters and photodetectors. The growth of the telecommunication services makes necessary the optimization of the bandwidth of the transmission channels. Although the optic transmission is considered like the ideal as for the attenuation and distortion characteristics that make that it possesses the better relation bandwidth - longitude, the demand of more transmission capacity forces to take advantage of them efficiently. High costs generated when deploying Optic Fiber Networks at the transport level, together with other factors that avoid PONs arriving to the home and/or office, have impulsed the design and implementation of partially optical networks (FITL), including an alternative that uses infrared light. This work explores the basis of these news access networks, and it is presented an optical communication transmission/reception system with optic channel of free space where has been modulated the transmitter laser through a set of spherical lens and optical fibers that expand the beam of light to different points of an indoor enclosure producing multiple punctual images located in positions that permit to determine and to optimize the bandwidth of the system. The computational simulation results are showed and are compared with those experimentally measured, indicating that this is an original method for to design emitters and receivers of high performance for optical communications.

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Safrianti, Ery, Linna Oktaviana Sari, and Dwi Putra Retdha Yuhana. "Broadband Network Fiber to the Home (FttH) Design for Improving Performance of Information and Telecommunication Network in Riau University." International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.1.1.1-5.

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Increased demand for information and telecommunications at the University of Riau demanding reliable carrier network availability. Copper cable network that now exists less support for multimedia network performance. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new access networks. One alternative is to implement fiber optic technology Fiber to the Home (FttH). This research design a FttH network for information access needs on the campus site, located in Panam, Pekanbaru. The results show the needs of Optical Network Terminal (ONT) as many as 209 units and 34 units of Optical Distribution Point (ODP), using passive splitter 1: 8 type of wall. Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC) 1 unit to serve all the region in UR with a capacity of 24 core, using ODC 144 type. Calculation of the sample data taken, showing the speed of each customer in the Engineering Faculty using FttH is approximately 3 Mbps. Link Budget Calculations indicate that power received by each faculty on average -23.17 dB, it can be concluded FttH network design is feasible and appropriate ethical standards that have been determined shall not exceed -28 dB. Attenuation of each faculty obtained the average value of -21.17 dB.

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Rady, Mina, Jonathan Muñoz, Razanne Abu-Aisheh, Mališa Vučinić, José Astorga Tobar, Alfonso Cortes, Quentin Lampin, Dominique Barthel, and Thomas Watteyne. "A Historical Twist on Long-Range Wireless: Building a 103 km Multi-Hop Network Replicating Claude Chappe’s Telegraph." Sensors 22, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 7586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197586.

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In 1794, French Engineer Claude Chappe coordinated the deployment of a network of dozens of optical semaphores. These formed “strings” that were hundreds of kilometers long, allowing for nationwide telegraphy. The Chappe telegraph inspired future developments of long-range telecommunications using electrical telegraphs and, later, digital telecommunication. Long-range wireless networks are used today for the Internet of Things (IoT), including industrial, agricultural, and urban applications. The long-range radio technology used today offers approximately 10 km of range. Long-range IoT solutions use “star” topology: all devices need to be within range of a gateway device. This limits the area covered by one such network to roughly a disk of a 10 km radius. In this article, we demonstrate a 103 km low-power wireless multi-hop network by combining long-range IoT radio technology with Claude Chappe’s vision. We placed 11 battery-powered devices at the former locations of the Chappe telegraph towers, hanging under helium balloons. We ran a proprietary protocol stack on these devices so they formed a 10-hop multi-hop network: devices forwarded the frames from the “previous” device in the chain. This is, to our knowledge, the longest low power multi-hop wireless network built to date, demonstrating the potential of combining long-range radio technology with multi-hop technology.

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Pavlovs, D., V. Bobrovs, M. Parfjonovs, A. Alsevska, and G. Ivanovs. "Evaluation of Signal Regeneration Impact on the Power Efficiency of Long-Haul DWDM Systems." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 54, no. 5 (October 26, 2017): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2017-0035.

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Abstract Due to potential economic benefits and expected environmental impact, the power consumption issue in wired networks has become a major challenge. Furthermore, continuously increasing global Internet traffic demands high spectral efficiency values. As a result, the relationship between spectral efficiency and energy consumption of telecommunication networks has become a popular topic of academic research over the past years, where a critical parameter is power efficiency. The present research contains calculation results that can be used by optical network designers and operators as guidance for developing more power efficient communication networks if the planned system falls within the scope of this paper. The research results are presented as average aggregated traffic curves that provide more flexible data for the systems with different spectrum availability. Further investigations could be needed in order to evaluate the parameters under consideration taking into account particular spectral parameters, e.g., the entire C-band.

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Ali, Farman, Shabbir Ahmad, Fazal Muhammad, Ziaul Haq Abbas, Usman Habib, and Sunghwan Kim. "Adaptive Equalization for Dispersion Mitigation in Multi-Channel Optical Communication Networks." Electronics 8, no. 11 (November 17, 2019): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111364.

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Optical communication networks (OCNs) provide promising and cost-effective support for the ultra-fast broadband solutions, thus enabling them to address the ever growing demands of telecommunication industry such as high capacity and end users’ data rate. OCNs are used in both wired and wireless access networks as they offer many advantages over conventional copper wire transmission such as low power consumption, low cost, ultra-high bandwidth, and high transmission rates. Channel effects caused by light propagation through the fiber limits the performance, hence the data rate of the overall transmission. To achieve the maximum performance gain in terms of transmission rate through the OCN, an optical downlink system is investigated in this paper using feed forward equalizer (FFE) along with decision feedback equalizer (DFE). The simulation results show that the proposed technique plays a key role in dispersion mitigation in multi-channel optical transmission to uphold multi-Gb/s transmission. Moreover, bit error rate (BER) and quality factor (Q-factor) below 10 − 5 and above 5, respectively, are achieved with electrical domain equalizers for the OCN in the presence of multiple distortion effects showing the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive equalization techniques.

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Liehr, Sascha, Sven Münzenberger, and Katerina Krebber. "Wavelength-Scanning Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Structural Monitoring and Seismic Applications." Proceedings 15, no. 1 (July 24, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019015030.

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We introduce wavelength-scanning coherent optical time domain reflectometry (WS-COTDR) for dynamic vibration sensing along optical fibers. The method is based on spectral shift computation from Rayleigh backscatter spectra. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used for fast and high-resolution strain computation from raw measurement data. The applicability of the method is demonstrated for vibration monitoring of a reinforced concrete bridge. We demonstrate another application example for quasi-static and dynamic measurement of ground deformation and surface wave propagation along a dark fiber in a telecommunication cable.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Optical telecommunication networks'

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