Journal articles: 'Optical surface profilometer'

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Melikyan, S. R. "Nonlinear Optical Laser Surface Profilometer." Measurement Techniques 57, no. 12 (March 2015): 1352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-015-0633-2.

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Li, Yufeng, and F. E. Talke. "Limitations and Corrections of Optical Profilometry in Surface Characterization of Carbon Coated Magnetic Recording Disks." Journal of Tribology 112, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 670–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920314.

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The thickness of a thin absorbing carbon step on a strongly absorbing magnetic layer is measured using contact stylus and noncontact optical profilometer instrumentation, The dependence of optical profilometer measurements on carbon film thickness and optical properties of both the magnetic layer and the carbon film is investigated, and the error in the optical measurement is evaluated as a function of the phase shift of the light reflected from the sample surface. A marked improvement in the accuracy of the step height measurement is obtained if account is taken of the phase shift of the light reflected from the carbon overcoat and the magnetic substrate, respectively. The measurement of surface roughness of thin films on strongly absorbing substrates is discussed and the use of a dual wavelength technique is proposed to enhance the accuracy of optical profilometry.

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Dzierwa, Andrzej. "Importance of light intensity selection in the surface topography measurements using optical profilometer." Mechanik, no. 2 (February 2015): 125/123–125/135. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2015.2.82.

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Ambrosini, Dario. "Diffractive optical element-based profilometer for surface inspection." Optical Engineering 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1331270.

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Duboust, N., H. Ghadbeigi, C. Pinna, S. Ayvar-Soberanis, A. Collis, R. Scaife, and K. Kerrigan. "An optical method for measuring surface roughness of machined carbon fibre-reinforced plastic composites." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316644849.

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Characterization of the damage induced by machining of fibre-reinforced composites is usually performed by measuring surface roughness. Contact-based surface profilometers are the most used equipment in industry; however, it has been found that there are performance limitations which may result when used to measure machined heterogeneous composite surfaces. In this research, surface roughness is characterised using a commercial non-contact optical method, and compared with a conventional stylus profilometer. Unidirectional and multidirectional carbon fibre laminates were edge trimmed and slot milled. The variation in surface roughness was compared using different tool types, fibre orientations and cutting parameters. Surface damage and cutting mechanisms were assessed by using scanning electron microscope images, and the suitability of roughness parameters were also analysed including: Sa, Skewness and Kurtosis. Using the optical system allowed accurate roughness calculation of individual plies on a multidirectional laminate with different fibre orientations. The research has also shown that the optical system, including the use of areal roughness parameters, can increase the accuracy of roughness measurement for machined fibrous composite surfaces and is less sensitive to measurement position than the stylus.

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Šařec, P., O. Šařec, V. Prosšk, and K. Cížková. "Laser profilometer testing by laboratory measurements ." Research in Agricultural Engineering 53, No. 1 (January 7, 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2134-rae.

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Measuring soil surface profile has many purposes in the field of agriculture and landscape management. For example, it concerns quantitative evaluation of work quality of soil cultivation implements, and related assessment of soil surface status prior sowing. For this purpose, a prototype of laser profilometer was produced whose key parts are a laser sensor Banner LT3 fixed together with a control section, a converter etc. on a carriage that travels propelled by an electromotor along an aluminum girder. In 20 mm intervals determined by an optical sensor, the laser sensor measures a distance to a soil surface. The aim of the work is to verify some laser sensor properties such as a linearity of measurement, sensitivity to surface color, and furthermore to establish appropriate window limits of laser sensor measurement.

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Gerková, Jana, and Ľuboslav Straka. "Quality Assessment of Machined Surfaces by an Optical Profilometer." Key Engineering Materials 669 (October 2015): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.669.443.

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Technological parameters affecting the surface quality of cutting edges in production system with the AWJ technology include cutting head movement speed. The article examines and evaluates the quality of processed surface by the AWJ technology on selected materials as related to the change of cutting head movement speed. It was discovered that the movement speed for the AWJ technology has a significant effect on the surface quality

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Shahpaski, Marjan, Luis Ricardo Sapaico, and Sabine Süsstrunk. "Surface roughness estimation using structured light projection." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 5 (January 18, 2021): 139–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.5.maap-139.

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How we visually perceive non-emissive objects in our surrounding depends on the interaction of light with the optical characteristics of the materials that comprise them. The macroscopic surface roughness can also influence the appearance through shadowing and interreflections. In this work, we use a structured light scanner to estimate the surface structure of near-planar surfaces, namely of printing textiles. We compare our scans, both qualitatively and quantitatively, to those from a commercial highgrade profilometer based on the confocal principle. We achieve comparable results to the profilometer on samples with moderately complex surfaces. We discuss the possible reasons for errors in the scans of complex surfaces, thus providing guidelines for robust depth estimation. This comparison can help other researchers build more robust acquisition setups by understanding and minimizing the errors inherent to the reconstruction methods.

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Zavadil, Jaromir, Josef Strom Bartunek, and David Fojtik. "Analysis of Periodicities in Surface Topography of Cold rolled sheets Using Data Captured by Camera System." Measurement Science Review 20, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2020-0017.

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AbstractA method for surface analysis of cold rolled sheets is proposed in this paper. The approach is based on a low-cost specially built camera system followed by spectral analysis of the data captured from metal surfaces. The focus is on the changes in the surface topography caused by cold rolling with emphasis towards periodicities in the processed surface. Angular profile of the spectrum is calculated and used to display periodicities in surface topography and show their direction. The results obtained by using the proposed system were compared with results obtained from the optical profilometer MicroProf FRT. The experiments show that cold rolling creates marks on the surface of the material, which represent periodicities that can be effectively detected by the proposed method and camera system. Even though the camera system is not able to measure precise surface roughness, it is able to detect periodicities and the results of spectral analysis are comparable with the results from the optical profilometer.

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WANG Shu-zhen, 王淑珍, 谢铁邦 XIE Tie-bang, and 常素萍 CHANG Su-ping. "Combined profilometer for ultra-precision surface topography." Optics and Precision Engineering 19, no. 4 (2011): 828–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20111904.0828.

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Dai, Rong, Tie Bang Xie, and Su Ping Chang. "A Scanning White-Light Interferometric Profilometer for Smooth and Rough Surface." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.364.

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A profilometer for micro-surface topography measurement is presented. The instrument is based on the scanning white-light microscopic interferometry (SWLMI). A Linnik type interference microscope is used and the interferograms which present changes of surface profile are recorded by a CCD camera. A developed nano-positioning work stage with integrated optical grating displacement measuring system realizes the precise vertical scanning motion during profile measurement. By white-light phase shifting algorism of arbitrary steps, frames of interferograms are processed by computer to rebuild and evaluate the measured profile. Because of the specialty of SWLMI, the profilometer is suitable for both smooth and rough surface measuring. It also can be used for the measurement of curved surface, dimension of MEMS etc. The vertical resolution of the profilometer is 0.5nm, lateral resolution 0.5+m.

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Ekici, Ömer, Kubilay Aslantaş, Özgür Kanık, and Ali Keleş. "Evaluation of surface roughness after root resection: An optical profilometer study." Microscopy Research and Technique 84, no. 4 (January 25, 2021): 828–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23714.

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García, Jesús Caja, Alfredo Sanz Lobera, Piera Maresca, Teresa Fernández Pareja, and Chen Wang. "Some Considerations about the Use of Contact and Confocal Microscopy Methods in Surface Texture Measurement." Materials 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081484.

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Surface metrology employs various measurement techniques, among which there has been an increase of noteworthy research into non-contact optical and contact stylus methods. However, some deeper considerations about their differentiation and compatibility are still lacking and necessary. This work compares the measurement characteristics of the confocal microscope with the portable stylus profilometer instrumentation, from a metrological point of view (measurement precision and accuracy, and complexity of algorithms for data processing) and an operational view (measuring ranges, measurement speed, environmental and operational requirements, and cost). Mathematical models and algorithms for roughness parameters calculation and their associated uncertainties evaluation are developed and validated. The experimental results demonstrate that the stylus profilometer presents the most reliable measurement with the highest measurement speed and the least complex algorithms, while the image confocal method takes advantage of higher vertical and horizontal resolution when compared with the employed stylus profilometer.

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Yates, Brian W., and Dylan G. Maxwell. "Canadian Light Source — Optical Metrology Facility." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-053.

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The Canadian Light Source Optical Metrology Facility serves as a support facility and provides metrological services required by the synchrotron beamlines. The Facility consists of three state-of-the-art instruments: a Micromap 570 surface profiler, an Ocean Optics long trace profilometer, and a Zygo Verifire AT Fizeau interferometer. These three complementary measurement systems permit a complete analysis of the synchrotron beamline optical components. The systems will be discussed in detail, noting synchrotron and industrial applications where possible.Key words: optics, metrology, surface roughness, slope error, tribology.

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Folgner, Kelsey A., Ching-Yao Tang, Michael J. O’Brien, and Peter D. Fuqua. "Investigating Stress in Hybrid Electronic Packages Using White Light Surface Profilometry." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 000719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-wp2-paper5.

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Hybrid electronic packages are often used in space applications because of their rigidity, hermeticity, and good thermal dissipation properties. These properties make them highly reliable in the harsh space environment. However, a recent space application of hybrid electronic packages failed during testing. The failure was traced to cracks in the high temperature co-fired alumina ceramic substrates that resulted in the loss of electrical continuity in some packages. To investigate stress states and crack growth in the packages, a novel technique for stress determination using optical surface profilometry was developed. The technique employs a scanning white light surface profilometer to obtain topographical contour maps of the hybrid electronic packages. Surface curvature reveals the stress state of a component, which can affect its functionality and reliability. By comparing the topography during thermal cycling and de-processing of a fully assembled package, hypotheses regarding the build-up of stress can be investigated.

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Miller, T., S. Adamczak, J. Świderski, M. Wieczorowski, A. Łętocha, and B. Gapiński. "Influence of temperature gradient on surface texture measurements with the use of profilometry." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 65, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2017-0007.

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Abstract The paper presents an analysis of influence of ambient temperature changes on the values of parameters in topography measurements with the use of different profilometry techniques. In order to check this, a series of measurements was performed. Two multiprofilometry instruments were used - a contact profilometer, further equipped with an interferometric transducer, and an optical one with a confocal probe. Measurements were performed on first-class flat interferometric glass and on an A-type roughness standard - under different conditions, with simultaneous registration of differences in ambient temperature values. These values were either intentionally changed or the temperature variations were the result of air conditioning control. The performed research showed that - despite the asperities on the surface being really small - there is a relationship between changes of temperature and the results obtained from the measured surface, which in some cases can be seriously distorted.

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Nayyer, Maleeha, Shahreen Zahid, Syed Hammad Hassan, Salman Aziz Mian, Sana Mehmood, Haroon Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Kaleem, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, and Abdul Samad Khan. "Comparative abrasive wear resistance and surface analysis of dental resin-based materials." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 01 (January 2018): 057–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_380_17.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the surface properties (microhardness and wear resistance) of various composites and compomer materials. In addition, the methodologies used for assessing wear resistance were compared. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using restorative material (Filtek Z250, Filtek Z350, QuiXfil, SureFil SDR, and Dyract XP) to assess wear resistance. A custom-made toothbrush simulator was employed for wear testing. Before and after wear resistance, structural, surface, and physical properties were assessed using various techniques. Results: Structural changes and mass loss were observed after treatment, whereas no significant difference in terms of microhardness was observed. The correlation between atomic force microscopy (AFM) and profilometer and between wear resistance and filler volume was highly significant. The correlation between wear resistance and microhardness were insignificant. Conclusions: The AFM presented higher precision compared to optical profilometers at a nanoscale level, but both methods can be used in tandem for a more detailed and precise roughness analysis.

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Pawlus, Paweł, Rafał Reizer, and Dominik Czach. "The effect of vertical resolution on measurement errors of machined surfaces topography." Mechanik 91, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 988–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.11.177.

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The effect of the quantization error on values of surface topography parameters was examined. Surface topography was measured using an optical profilometer of 0.01 nm vertical resolution. Twenty isotropic and anisotropic, one- and two-process, random and deterministic surfaces were objects of investigations. The vertical resolution was changed using TalyMap software. Tendencies of changes of three surfaces due to quantization errors were analyzed in details. Parameters of the highest and the smallest sensitivity on errors were selected.

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Fidan, Sinan. "Tribological performance of polymethyl methacrylate as an aviation polymer." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 6 (August 1, 2014): 569–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0002.

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Abstract Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is one of the most popular synthetic polymers in aircraft windshields as an alternative to glass, due to its lightweight, high transparency and impact-resistant characteristics. The erosion behavior of PMMA is critical when used as an alternative to glass in an aircraft windshield. This paper presents experimental data on the effects of particle size, velocity and impingement angle on the roughness of PMMA, using 3D optical profilometry after solid particle erosion tests. Particular attention is paid to determining the different morphologies of imprints and cracks with regard to particle size, impact velocity and impingement angle. It is further shown that the removed volume in overlapping impacts measured by 3D profilometry is captured well. It is demonstrated that maximum erosion rate occurred at a 30° impingement angle and correlates well with the ductile erosion behavior of PMMA. Detailed worn surface analysis was performed using 3D optical profilometer scanning to investigate effects of particle size, velocity and impingement angle on the roughness of PMMA.

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Vangla, P., and G. M. Latha. "Surface topographical analysis of geomembranes and sands using a 3D optical profilometer." Geosynthetics International 24, no. 2 (May 2017): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgein.16.00023.

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Ardigo, Maria Rosa, Maher Ahmed, and Aurélien Besnard. "Stoney Formula: Investigation of Curvature Measurements by Optical Profilometer." Advanced Materials Research 996 (August 2014): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.996.361.

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Thin films’ residual stress is often determined by the Stoney formula, using the measurements of the substrate curvature, even if the required hypotheses are not completely respected. In this study, a 2.2 µm titanium nitride coating was deposited by reactive sputtering on a silicon substrate. The Stoney formula was used in order to calculate the residual stress of the film. The radius of curvature was measured, before and after coating by optical profilometer, considering the whole surface of the sample. The effect of the substrate shape (square and rectangular) with various dimensions was investigated. We showed that the shape of the substrate influence strongly the deformation. Moreover, it was highlighted that the choice of the radius (maximum value, minimum value, mean value, with or without initial curvature correction) is critical to the determination of the stress.

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Valíček, J., M. Kadnár, P. Hlaváček, J. Rusnák, S. Hloch, M. Zeleňák, M. Řepka, M. Kušnerová, and J. Kadnár. "Shadow method for the evaluation of surface created by hydroabrasive dividing of materials ." Research in Agricultural Engineering 57, Special Issue (December 6, 2011): S69—S73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/49/2010-rae.

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The contribution deals with the analysis of the optical data obtained from the surfaces generated by hydroabrasive dividing of materials. The samples of different materials were prepared at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The comparison of further results performed between the commercial contact profilometer HOMMEL TESTER T8000 and the contactless shadow method developed included its calibration. On the basis of the optical data analysis, the results evaluated especially the height irregularities of the surface topography caused by hydroabrasive cutting planes. The evaluation of the surface topography generated by abrasive waterjet was realised via spectral analysis. The amplitude-frequency analysis of the signals generated on surface topography was mainly realised.

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Mendala, Jacek, and Jakub Wieczorek. "Profilometric Assessment of Surface Condition of Zinc Coatings Formed by the Continuous Galvanizing Method." Solid State Phenomena 226 (January 2015): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.226.127.

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The paper presents the results of research on surface condition of zinc coatings. Profilometric studies were performed for zinc coatings formed in industrial continuous hot-dip galvanization process and for the same coatings after two years of use. The results include the geometrical shape of 2D and 3D surfaces, distribution of vertices on the surface and roughness and waviness profiles. The parameters Ra, Rz, Sa and Sz were used to define the surface roughness. The study was conducted using FRT Microprof optical profilometer with data acquisition and analysis by MARK III software package.

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Chuguy, Yuri V. "Optical Measurement Technologies and Systems for Industrial Applications." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.201.

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Ensuring the safety of nuclear reactors and their high exploitation reliability requires a 100 % noncontact precise inspection of geometrical parameters of their fuel elements, grid spacers and quality of fuel element surface. For the solution of these 3D inspection tasks we have developed and produced a laser measuring machine (LMM) using multipoint structured illumination, optoelectronic shadow systems as Control and optical low-coherent profilometer as Radar. The results of their industrial testing are presented and discussed.

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Džupon, Miroslav, Ján Balko, and Janette Brezinová. "Non-Destructive Surface Diagnostics of Tools." Materials Science Forum 818 (May 2015): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.818.41.

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The aim of the study was to validate non-destructive diagnostics of surface of tools and metal sheets after steel grit blasting. We used replicas produced by fy Struers, known under commercial name RepliSet-F5. The replicas were extracted from surfaces of thirty specimens with PVD coatings (CrN, TiCN) and from flat specimens after steel grit blasting. Qualitative and quantitative parameters characteristic of surface morphology were determined by means of an optical profilometer, and confocal microscope was used for surface contactless metrology measurements. We observed a qualitative coincidence of morphological images of original surfaces and replicas. The values of the quantitative parameter Sa (Arithmetic mean height according to ISO 25178) of surfaces and replicas extracted from them differed at the second decimal place. Replicas document well the surface morphology and allow one to obtain information about the state of surface in difficult-to-access sites of the tools or constructions.

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Bekkara, Mohammed Fethi, Lucien Dascalescu, Youcef Benmimoun, Thami Zeghloul, Amar Tilmatine, and Noureddine Zouzou. "Modification of surface characteristic and tribo-electric properties of polymers by DBD plasma in atmospheric air." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 81, no. 1 (January 2018): 10801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2017170149.

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The aim of this paper is to quantify the effects of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) exposure on the physico-chemical and tribo-electric properties of polymers. The study was conducted in atmospheric air on polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl-chloride. These three types of polymers are widely used in industry. The polymers were characterized by means of an optical profilometer, a fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and an electric charge measurement system. The latter is composed of a Faraday pail connected to an electrometer. The profilometer analyses showed that the DBD plasma treatment has increased the surface roughness of the three polymers. FTIR revealed that oxygen atoms and polar groups were grafted on their surfaces, thereby conferring them a hydrophilic character. The short (2 sec) DBD plasma treatment has considerably improved the electrostatic charge acquired by the polymers during electrostatic tribo-charging, while longer exposures conferred the polymer anti-static properties and decreased its tribo-charging capability. The correlation between the results of the physico-chemical analyses and the tribo-electric behavior has been discussed.

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Pennington, Timothy L., Hai Xiao, Russell May, and Anbo Wang. "Miniaturized 3-D surface profilometer using a fiber optic coupler." Optics & Laser Technology 33, no. 5 (July 2001): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-3992(01)00023-8.

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Chen, Liang Chia, S. H. Tsai, and Kuang Chao Fan. "A New Three-Dimensional Profilometer for Surface Profile Measurement Using Digital Fringe Projection and Phase Shifting." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.471.

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The development of a three-dimensional surface profilometer using digital fringe projection technology and phase-shifting principle is presented. Accurate and high-speed three-dimensional profile measurement plays a key role in determining the success of process automation and productivity. By integrating a digital micromirror device (DMD) with the developed system, exclusive advantages in projecting flexible and accurate structured-light patterns onto the object surface to be measured can be obtained. Furthermore, the developed system consists of a specially designed micro-projecting optical unit for generating flexibly optimal structured-light to accommodate requirements in terms of measurement range and resolution. Its wide angle image detection design also improves measurement resolution for detecting deformed fringe patterns. This resolves the problem in capturing effective deformed fringe patterns for phase shifting, especially when a coaxial optical layout of a stereomicroscope is employed. Experimental results verified that the maximum error was within a reasonable range of the measured depth. The developed system and the method can provide a useful and effective tool for 3D full field surface measurement ranging from µm up to cm scale.

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Brugés Martelo, Javier, Mattias Andersson, Consolatina Liguori, and Jan Lundgren. "Three-dimensional scanning electron microscopy used as a profilometer for the surface characterization of polyethylene-coated paperboard." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 36, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2021-0003.

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Abstract In food packaging, low-density polyethylene (PE) coating is applied to paperboards to act as a functional barrier and to provide the smoothness required to enhance printability. These characteristics are related to the material’s surface roughness, the parameter monitored during the manufacturing process. Measurement of surface roughness using optical profilometry has gained importance in the paper industry. The optical instruments used to measure surface roughness are limited spatially by the relationship with the light wavelength at which they operate. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is an alternative for overcoming the spatial resolution limitation, and the use of stereo-photogrammetry on SEM images can be seen as an alternative profilometry technique to measure surface roughness. In this investigation, the surface topography of industrially manufactured high-quality PE-coated paperboard was studied, comparing the SEM stereo-photogrammetry technique with a reference profilometry method, i. e., chromatic confocal microscopy (CCM). We found close agreement between the calculated surface roughness and the results of the techniques used and compared them according to the new ISO 25178 Geometric Product Specifications. We concluded that SEM stereo-photogrammetry provides comparable accurate alternative profilometry method for characterizing the surface roughness of PE-coated paperboard in the micrometer scale.

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MORITA, Shinya, Shin Takeda, Michihiro Furusaka, Jiang Guo, and Yutaka Yamagata. "Manufacturing Process Evolution Method of Neutron Ellipsoidal Mirror Simulation Using Measured Point-Set." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.663.

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Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) analysis using ellipsoidal neutron mirrors are highly demanded for basic researches of high tensile strength steel sheets, proteins and polymer materials. Although the mirror was conventionally assembled from multilayer neutron super mirrors deposited on ground and polished glass segments, it was difficult to align segmented mirrors with high accuracy and it took several months for the grinding and polishing process. An optimized manufacturing process is proposed utilizing optical function evaluation based on measured mirror surface profile. Optical aberration caused by surface form error and misalignment is evaluated by ray-tracing using mirror surface profile measured by non-contact high precision profilometer.

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Тренькин, А. А. "Эрозионное воздействие микроструктурированного канала искры на поверхность плоского медного электрода." Журнал технической физики 89, no. 2 (2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2019.02.47068.162-18.

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AbstractUsing a 3D optical profilometer, an erosion spot on the surface of a plane copper electrode has been studied. The spot arises under the action of the microstructured channel of a spark discharge initiated in atmospheric pressure air in a point–plane gap. It has been found that such spots are aggregations of microcraters. The shapes and sizes of microcraters have been determined.

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Musiał, Wojciech, Joanna Haracewiat, and Krzysztof Kozłowicz. "Assessment of the texture and topographic features of a surface produced by the 3D printing process." Advanced Technologies in Mechanics 2, no. 3(4) (January 15, 2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/atim.2015.3(4).27.

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Presented in the paper is a study of the surface texture as produced by the Up3D printer from Solveere with the printing parameters varying in relation to those of the surface under survey. Used for the measurements was optical profilometer Nanovea PS50 operating to the chromatic aberration principle. The results were used for estimation of the 3D printer output data and also for consideration whether some parts or items as released by 3D printers were practicable for use in a production process.

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Klíma, Martin, Milan Holik, Vojtech Svatos, Jaromir Hubálek, Ivan Szendiuch, and Frantisek Urban. "Photo-Reflective Layer on Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic for Optical Applications." Key Engineering Materials 592-593 (November 2013): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.592-593.457.

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The article deals with photo-reflective layer on Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic substrate deposition. Measurement of diffusion and specular reflectance and roughness of layer is included. Fabrication process and its optimization is also mentioned. For measurement of deposited layer optical properties, spectrometric method in spherical chamber was used. Further, profile of layers surface was measured by profilometer to acquire dependence between roughness and reflectivity. The main aim of work is to map the possibility of creation of photo-reflective layer on electrical, chemical and thermal resistant substrate in simple way.

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Takahashi, S., K. Watanabe, and K. Takamasu. "A novel resist surface profilometer for next-generation photolithography using mechano-optical arrayed probe system." CIRP Annals 59, no. 1 (2010): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2010.03.145.

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Talic, Nabeel F. "Effect of Air-powder Polishing on the Surface Topography of Orthodontic Stainless Steel Wires." World Journal of Dentistry 8, no. 4 (2017): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1448.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to examine the effect of in vivo air-powder polishing on the surface roughness and topography of aged orthodontic stainless steel arch wires. Materials and methods A total of 20 stainless steel arch wires were used in this study. Ten wires (experimental) were aged and exposed to air-powder polishing, and 10 wires asreceived from the manufacturer served as the controls. The experimental group of wires was aged in the patient's oral cavity for an average of 5.3 ± 2.7 months. An air-powder polishing system was used to remove external stains and plaque deposits. The powder was sodium bicarbonate. The surface topography measurements were performed using an optical profilometer. Following the profilometer analysis, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the experimental and control arch wires. Results The average roughness (Sa) of the experimental upper and lower surfaces exposed to air-powder polishing was significantly higher than the control arch wires (p < 0.01). The root mean square of the surface topography (Sq) and the 10-point height of the surface topography (Sz) were significantly higher on the upper and lower surfaces of the experimental arch wires compared with the controls (p < 0.05 and <0.01 respectively). The SEM photomicrographs of the experimental and control arch wires indicated that the experimental arch wires were pitted and filled with surface impurities. Conclusion An air-powder polishing system using sodium bicarbonate powder alters the surface topography and increases the surface roughness of aged orthodontic arch wires in vitro. Clinical significance The air-powder polishing system used along with scaling alters the surface roughness of orthodontic wire. How to cite this article Talic NF. Effect of Air-powder Polishing on the Surface Topography of Orthodontic Stainless Steel Wires. World J Dent 2017;8(4):262-266.

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Suriyasirikun, S., S. T. Khlayboonme, and W. Thowladda. "Phase-Shifting Interferometry for Surface Roughness Measurement on Glass Substrates." Advanced Materials Research 979 (June 2014): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.979.463.

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Phase shifting interferometry based on Michelson interferometer is purposed to measure surface roughness of glass slides which are widely used as substrates for thin-film coating processes. For the interferometry system, an optical flat with a flatness of λ/20 is used as a reference mirror. The high accuracy of the phase shifting is achieved by a piezoelectric-driven linear translation stage of the reference mirror. The reference-phase difference between the two-interfering beams is shifted by every π/2 in phase shifting. Five frames of interferograms under various phase differences of 0, π/2, π, 3π/2 and 2π are recorded by a CCD camera. Each image pixel of these frames is interpreted to access interference intensity information by five-step phase shifting algorithm for phase calculation, which in turn relates to surface height. The purpose-built interferometry is tested by the surfaces of two optical flats with flatness of λ/10 and λ/4, which are used as the test surfaces. Our measured flatness results are consistent with those of the commercial optical profilometer. The usefulness of the purpose-built interferometry is demonstrated on two types of the glass slides. Aluminum thin films are also deposited on these glass slides by the RF magnetron sputtering method to enhance reflectivity of the glass slide surfaces. The surface profiles and flatness parameters of these glass slides have been reported.

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Kadri, Laid, Georgiana Bulai, Aurelian Carlescu, Stoian George, Silviu Gurlui, Liviu Leontie, Corneliu Doroftei, and Mohamed Adnane. "Effect of Target Sintering Temperature on the Morphological and Optical Properties of Pulsed Laser Deposited TiO2 Thin Films." Coatings 11, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050561.

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In this paper, we report on the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) target sintering temperature on the morphological and optical properties of amorphous titanium dioxide thin films synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate and subsequently heat-treated in air at low temperature (150 °C). Three types of targets were used, unsintered (pressed at room temperature), sintered at 500 °C and sintered at 1000 °C. The surface morphology of the samples was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and profilometry was used for thickness measurements. The structural properties of the films were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while their optical properties were studied by UV‒vis spectroscopy. The obtained TiO2 thin films have an amorphous nature, as shown by XRD analysis. Profilometer showed that sintered target samples have more reliable thicknesses than unsintered ones. The SEM studies revealed the sufficient structural homogeneity of sintered target nanosized TiO2 films and agglomerates in the case of unsintered target film. The UV‒vis transmittance spectra showed high transparency in the visible range of PLD films, proportional to the target sintering temperature. The optical band gaps of the films deposited using the 500 °C and 1000 °C sintered targets are closer to those of anatase and rutile phases, respectively, which provides a promising approach to the challenges of amorphous TiO2-based nanostructures.

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Ismail, Mohd Fauzi, Talib Ria Jaafar, Sharzali Che Mat, and Muhammad Arif Abdul Hamid Pahmi. "Evaluation of Outlier Specific Correction Procedure for Areal Surface Texture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 661 (October 2014): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.661.137.

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Surface texture data measured by optical type profilometer such as confocal microscope often contains outliers which may disturb the characterization of the surface texture. This paper evaluates an outlier specific correction procedure (OSCP) for areal surface texture data which can removes the outliers without affecting normal data points. The outliers are identified based on the median of its relative height to neighbouring data points within the detection window. The application of OSCP to areal topography data measured by confocal laser scanning microscope is compared to Gaussian filter and median filter. The result shows that, OSPC is better in outlier correction without affecting normal data points but there is a room of improvement.

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Yoo, Woo Sik, Takeshi Ueda, Toshikazu Ishigaki, and Kitaek Kang. "Electrical and Wafer Surface Profile Characterization of NiSi Formation Process using a Four Point Probe and Optical Surface Profilometer." ECS Transactions 19, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3118958.

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Ng, Zi Neng, Kah Yoong Chan, Sharul Ashikin Kamaruddin, and Sahdan Mohd Zainizan. "Influence of Spinning Speed on the Properties of Sol-Gel Spin Coated ZnO Films." Advanced Materials Research 970 (June 2014): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.970.115.

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In this work, ZnO films were fabricated by sol-gel spin coating technique. Different spinning speeds of 1000 to 6000 revolutions per minute (RPM) were used in order to study the changes on the properties of the ZnO films. The characterizations were conducted using surface profilometer for thickness measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM) for surface scanning, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) for structural analysis, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometer for optical transmittance. The influence of spinning speed and the mechanisms which affect the growth of the ZnO films will be revealed.

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Jaffré, Kathleen, Benoît Ter-Ovanessian, Hiroshi Abe, Nicolas Mary, Bernard Normand, and Yutaka Watanabe. "Effect of Mechanical Surface Treatments on the Surface State and Passive Behavior of 304L Stainless Steel." Metals 11, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010135.

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The effect of dry grinding on 304L stainless steel’s passive behavior is compared to two other surface finishing (mechanical polishing down to 2400 with SiC emery paper and 1 µm with diamond paste, respectively). The characterization of the surface state was performed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, 3D optical profilometer, and X-ray diffraction. Results indicate that each surface treatment leads to different surface states. The ground specimens present an ultrafine grain layer and a strong plastic deformation underneath the surface, while an ultrafine grain layer characterizes the subsurface of the polished specimens. Grinding induces high residual compressive stresses and high roughness compared to polishing. The characterization of the passive films was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott–Schottky analysis. The study shows that the semiconductor properties and the thickness of the passive films are dependent on the surface state of the 304L stainless steel.

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Joo, Kyung-Il, Mugeon Kim, Min-Kyu Park, Heewon Park, Byeonggon Kim, JoonKu Hahn, and Hak-Rin Kim. "A 3D Optical Surface Profilometer Using a Dual-Frequency Liquid Crystal-Based Dynamic Fringe Pattern Generator." Sensors 16, no. 11 (October 27, 2016): 1794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16111794.

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Hodgson, Simon D., and Alice R. Gillett. "Rapid, Chemical-Free Generation of Optically Scattering Structures in Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Using a CO2 Laser for Lightweight and Flexible Photovoltaic Applications." International Journal of Photoenergy 2018 (December 16, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1308381.

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Highly light scattering structures have been generated in a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film using a CO2 laser. The haze, and in some cases the transparency, of the PET films have been improved by varying the processing parameters of the laser (namely, scanning velocity, laser output power, and spacing between processed tracks). When compared with the unprocessed PET, the haze has improved from an average value of 3.26% to a peak of 55.42%, which equates to an absolute improvement of 52.16% or a 17-fold increase. In addition to the optical properties, the surfaces have been characterised using optical microscopy and mapped with an optical profilometer. Key surface parameters that equate to the amount and structure of surface roughness and features have been analysed. The CO2 laser generates microstructures at high speed, without affecting the bulk properties of the material, and is inherently a chemical-free process making it particularly applicable for use in industry, fitting well with the high-throughput, roll to roll processes associated with the production of flexible organic photovoltaic devices.

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Sysoev, Evgeny V., Yuri V. Chugui, Rodion V. Kulikov, Ignat A. Vykhristyuk, Liang Chia Chen, Hoang Hong Hai, and Kuang Chao Fan. "Application of 3D Nanorelief Sharp-Edge Detection Method in the Optical Interference Microscope." Applied Mechanics and Materials 870 (September 2017): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.870.34.

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As is well known, the phase-shifting interferometry techniques allow to reach longitudinal resolution to ~ 0.1 nm, but the value of lateral resolution remains at the level of ~ 1 mm. For providing of high lateral resolution of linear measurements in the interference microscope profilometer it was proposed to use a position detection sensor of sharp edge. Principle of sensor’s measurement is based on registration of laser spot intensity scattered by the measurement sample surface under displacement of sample in the lateral direction. The paper shows the prototype scheme of measurement system containing the Linnik interferometer used for surface nanorelief measurement and a position detection module of sharp edge. Measurement process and experimental results are presented. The combining of measurement results performed by the Linnik interferometer and a position detection sensor of sharp edge can allow us to precisely (better then diffraction limit) define the position of sharp edge on the reconstructed surface nanorelief.

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Zhang, Yan Ting, Xu Yang, Xin Li, and Yin Biao Guo. "Research on Eliminating Cumulative Errors for Stitching Algorithm of Large Aperture Aspheric Optical Elements." Advanced Materials Research 924 (April 2014): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.924.377.

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The sptitching measuring method applied in large-aperture aspheric surface optical elements can expand the range of precision measuring instrument. And the key point is developing the technique for high precision measuring data processing. To deal with the problem of cumulative errors which existed in the process of multi-section stitching, datum-transformation method was proposed, according to the characteristic of stitching measurement. The stitching measuring experiments were carried out based on Talysurf PGI 1240 profilometer of Taylor Hobson Company to verify the purpose for eliminating cumulative errors. The results show that datum-transformation method is feasible with the characteristic such as fast speed, high precision, and good operability.

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Kurt, İrem, Zafer Cavit Çehreli, Ayça Arman Özçırpıcı, and Çağla Şar. "Biomechanical evaluation between orthodontic attachment and three different materials after various surface treatments: A three-dimensional optical profilometry analysis." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 5 (March 11, 2019): 742–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/072918-547.1.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the best bonding method of orthodontic attachment among monolithic zirconia, feldspathic porcelain, hybrid porcelain, and the impact of surface-conditioning methods using a three-dimensional optical profilometer after debonding. Materials and Methods: 56 feldspathic porcelain, 56 monolithic zirconia, and 56 hybrid porcelain samples were divided into four surface treatment subgroups: (1) hydrofluoric (HF) acid etch + silane, (2) Al2O3 sandblasting + silane, (3) silicoating (SiO2), and (4) diamond bur + silane. The specimens were tested to evaluate shear bond strength (SBS). Residual composite was removed after debonding. Three-dimensional white-light interferometry was used to obtain quantitative measurements on surface roughness. Results: The highest SBS value was found for the HF acid–etched feldspathic porcelain group. The average surface roughness values were significantly higher in all material groups in which diamond bur was applied, while roughening with Cojet provided average surface roughness values closer to the original material surface. Conclusions: Variations in structures of the materials and roughening techniques affected the SBS and surface roughness findings.

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Macek, Wojciech, Ricardo Branco, Mirosław Szala, Zbigniew Marciniak, Robert Ulewicz, Norbert Sczygiol, and Piotr Kardasz. "Profile and Areal Surface Parameters for Fatigue Fracture Characterisation." Materials 13, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 3691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173691.

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Post-mortem characterisation is a pivotal tool to trace back to the origin of structural failures in modern engineering analyses. This work compared both the crack propagation and rupture roughness profiles based on areal parameters for total fracture area. Notched and smooth samples made of weather-resistant structural steel (10HNAP), popular S355J2 structural steel and aluminium alloy AW-2017A under bending, torsion and combined bending–torsion were investigated. After the fatigue tests, fatigue fractures were measured with an optical profilometer, and the relevant surface parameters were critically compared. The results showed a great impact of the loading scenario on both the local profiles and total fracture areas. Both approaches (local and total fracture zones) for specimens with different geometries were investigated. For all specimens, measured texture parameters decreased in the following order: total area, rupture area and propagation area.

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Alabdullah, Mohanad, A. Polishetty, and G. Littlefair. "Microstructural and Surface Texture Analysis due to Machining in Super Austenitic Stainless Steel." Journal of Metallurgy 2016 (September 25, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3685312.

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Inferior surface quality is a significant problem faced by machinist. The purpose of this study is to present a surface texture analysis undertaken as part of machinability assessment of Super Austenitic Stainless Steel alloy-AL6XN. The surface texture analysis includes measuring the surface roughness and investigating the microstructural behaviour of the machined surfaces. Eight milling trials were conducted using combination of cutting parameters under wet machining. An optical profilometer (noncontact) was used to evaluate the surface texture at three positions. The surface texture was represented using the parameter, average surface roughness. Scanning Electron Microscope was utilised to inspect the machined surface microstructure and correlate the microstructure with the surface roughness. Results showed that maximum roughness values recorded at the three positions in the longitudinal direction (perpendicular to the machining grooves) were 1.21 μm (trial 1), 1.63 μm (trial 6), and 1.68 μm (trial 7), respectively, whereas the roughness values were greatly reduced in the lateral direction. Also, results showed that the feed rate parameter significantly influences the roughness values compared to the other cutting parameters. The microstructure of the machined surfaces was distorted by the existence of cracks, deformed edges, and bands and wear deposition due to machining process.

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Kozior, Tomasz, Jerzy Bochnia, Paweł Zmarzły, Damian Gogolewski, and Thomas G. Mathia. "Waviness of Freeform Surface Characterizations from Austenitic Stainless Steel (316L) Manufactured by 3D Printing-Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Technology." Materials 13, no. 19 (September 30, 2020): 4372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194372.

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The paper presents the results of tests of surface waviness of samples made in the powder bed fusion technology. The models were built using 316L steel-based powder with high corrosion resistance. The samples were placed on the construction platform at three different angles (0°, 45°, 90°) in XZ plane. Then, using an optical profilometer, the parameters of the geometric structure of the surface of the primary profile and the separated waviness component were measured. Analyzing the results of the test, it can be stated that the orientation of model arrangement has an impact on the quality of the technological surface texture, what has significance impact on wear processes and mechanical properties.

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Eliasova, Hana, Tatjana Dostalova, Miroslav Jelinek, Jan Remsa, Pavel Bradna, Ales Prochazka, and Magdalena Kloubcova. "Surface Morphology of Three-Dimensionally Printed Replicas of Upper Dental Arches." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 17, 2020): 5708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165708.

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The aim of our study was to analyze the precision of fused-deposition modeling (FDM), polyjet technology (PJ), stereolithography (SLA) and selective laser sintering (SLS) and to evaluate some interesting indications of these methods in clinical practice. Forty upper dental arches were scanned using a 3Shape Trios 3R optical scanner system and 3D models were made. An Atos II 400 optical 3D scanner was used for calculating the coordinates of points by optical triangulation, photogrammetry and fringe projection. Each model was scanned from a minimum of 56 positions to evaluate global coordinates. Surface morphology was evaluated with an Alpha Step IQ profilometer and a JSM 5510 LV scanning electron microscope. From the measurements in cross-sections it was evident that the deviation shifted by approximately 0.1 mm. The smoothest and most homogeneous sample was SLA. SLS and SLA samples showed the most similar results in comparison of perpendicular directions (homogeneity). FDM and PJ materials exhibited significantly greater roughness in the printing direction than in the perpendicular one, which is most likely caused by the technology selected and/or print parameters. Clinical applications have demonstrated unusual treatment options for patients with rare diseases.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Optical surface profilometer'

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