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Journal articles on the topic 'Optical spatial modulation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Chao Liu, Chao Liu, Di Wang Di Wang, Lixiao Yao Lixiao Yao, Lei Li Lei Li, and Qionghua Wang Qionghua Wang. "Optical attenuator based on phase modulation of a spatial light modulator." Chinese Optics Letters 13, no. 8 (2015): 082301–82304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.082301.

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2

Mesleh, Raed, Hany Elgala, and Harald Haas. "Optical Spatial Modulation." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 3, no. 3 (February 28, 2011): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.3.000234.

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3

Cogalan, T., H. Haas, and E. Panayirci. "Optical spatial modulation design." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2169 (March 2, 2020): 20190195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0195.

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Visible light communication (VLC) systems are inherently signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) limited due to link budget constraints. One favourable method to overcome this limitation is to focus on the pre-log factors of the channel capacity. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques are therefore a promising avenue of research. However, inter-channel interference in MIMO limits the achievable capacity. Spatial modulation (SM) avoids this limitation. Furthermore, the performance of MIMO systems in VLC is limited by the similarities among spatial channels. This limitation becomes particularly severe in intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) systems because of the lack of phase information. The motivation of this paper is to propose a system that results in a multi-channel transmission system that enables reliable multi-user optical MIMO SM transmission without the need for a precoder, power allocation algorithm or additional optics at the receiver. A general bit error performance model for the SM system is developed for an arbitrary number of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in conjunction with pulse amplitude modulation. Based on this model, an LED array structure is designed to result in spatially separated multiple channels by manipulating the transmitter geometry. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.

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4

Yesilkaya, Anil, Rui Bian, Iman Tavakkolnia, and Harald Haas. "OFDM-Based Optical Spatial Modulation." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 13, no. 6 (October 2019): 1433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2019.2920577.

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5

Pelekanos, N. T., B. Deveaud, J. M. Gérard, H. Haas, U. Strauss, W. W. Rühle, J. Hebling, and J. Kuhl. "All-optical spatial light modulator with megahertz modulation rates." Optics Letters 20, no. 20 (October 15, 1995): 2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.20.002099.

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6

Zhang Yue, 张悦, 王惠琴 Wang Huiqin, 曹明华 Cao Minghua, and 黄瑞 Huang Rui. "Enhanced Optical Spatial Modulation in Wireless Optical Communication." Acta Optica Sinica 40, no. 3 (2020): 0306001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202040.0306001.

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7

Michinel, Humberto, Raúl de la Fuente, and Jesús Liñares. "Temporal modulation of spatial optical solitons." Applied Optics 33, no. 16 (June 1, 1994): 3384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.33.003384.

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8

Anderson, Betty Lise, and Lawrence J. Pelz. "Spatial-coherence modulation for optical interconnections." Applied Optics 34, no. 32 (November 10, 1995): 7443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.34.007443.

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9

Goncharov, D. S., N. N. Evtikhiev, V. V. Krasnov, N. M. Ponomarev, and R. S. Starikov. "The influence of additional phase modulation of an amplitude liquid crystal STLM on the image recognition characteristics in the invariant optical digital correlator." Computer Optics 43, no. 2 (April 2019): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-2019-43-2-200-208.

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We present the results of measurements of additional phase modulation characteristics of a serial amplitude liquid crystal spatial light modulator HoloEye LC 2002. It is found in which way the phase shift of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator depends on the applied signal. The mathematical simulation of the performance of an invariant diffractive optical-digital correlator based on a liquid crystal spatial light modulator with the amplitude-dependent phase shift is carried out using previously measured data. The correlation filters used in the work are an optimal tradeoff maximum average correlation height filter and a minimum noise and correlation energy optical correlation filter. A method for correlation filters optimization was proposed to compensate for the recognition error caused by the presence of the additional phase modulation. In some cases, the optimization allows one not only to compensate for the recognition error, but also to reduce it.

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10

Ochi, Seiga, Kouta Ozaki, Kohei Noda, Heeyoung Lee, Kentaro Nakamura, and Yosuke Mizuno. "Guideline for improving spatial resolution in direct-modulation Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 62, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): 088001. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/aceb44.

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Abstract We investigate the spatial resolution of direct-modulation Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry (BOCDR) by exploring the impact of modulation amplitude and frequency. Our findings reveal that optimal resolution improvement is attained through an initial increase in modulation amplitude, followed by modulation frequency adjustment. These insights provide a basic guideline for enhancing the spatial resolution in direct-modulation BOCDR.

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11

CHENG, Yan, and Seung-Hoon HWANG. "Subcarrier Intensity Modulation/Spatial Modulation for Optical Wireless Communications." IEICE Transactions on Communications E97.B, no. 5 (2014): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e97.b.1044.

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12

Cheng, Yan, and Seung-Hoon Hwang. "Subcarrier Intensity Modulation-Spatial Modulation for Optical Wireless Communications." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 38A, no. 12 (December 31, 2013): 1086–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2013.38a.12.1086.

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13

Chen, Der Chin, and Jing Yuan Su. "Near-Infrared Electro-Optics Modulation Coding Technology Using the Aperture Module with the Changeable Stop." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2872–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2872.

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In this paper we demonstrate a new technology in which we use the spatial optical modulation with trigger pulse width and pulse width modulation of light source (LED,LD) to build the near-infrared electro-optics modulation coding system (NIEOMCS). Using the optical coupler to let the pulse modulation near infrared LED collimated light of transmitter enter into an optical fiber and spatial optical modulator, the electro-optics modulation signal is then detected by the photodiode of the receiver. Because of aperture module with three changeable stop sizes and three duty cycles of light signal, there are 27 kinds of code modes in this system. When the receiver aperture is smaller than the correlation length of fading and the observation interval is shorter than the correlation time of fading, the modulation code error rate of the modulation system occurring is less than 0.2%.

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14

S. Hussein, Hany, Mohamed Hagag, and Mohammed Farrag. "Extended Spatial-Index LED Modulation for Optical MIMO-OFDM Wireless Communication." Electronics 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010168.

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An efficient optical modulation technique for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) visible light communication system is proposed in this paper. The proposed modulation technique is termed as extended spatial-index light-emitting diode (LED) modulation. In the proposed technique, the indices (the spatial domain) of the LEDs are exploited in a dynamic style to not only get rid of the optical OFDM time-domain ( OFDM t d ) shaping problem but also to expand the LED indices spatial modulation domain. The indices of the active LEDs in the proposed technique are changed from the two LEDs active situation to the situation where all or several LEDs are active. Moreover, within the selected active LED indices, the power weight distribution and the positions of the OFDM components are varied to expand the resultant spatial domain. Therefore, the proposed technique offers a considerable spectral efficiency improvement over the up-to-date LED index OFDM modulation schemes even with a lower number of LEDs. The key idea of the proposed technique is to maximize the LEDs’ indices spatial position (spatial domain) utilization, where both the power weight allocation and the positions of the complex OFDM time domain components are varying several times over the same active LED indices combination, which improve the optical system spectral efficiency. The simulation results asserted the superiority of the proposed technique, as it improves both the average bit error rate (ABER) and the achievable data rate (R) compared with existing up-to-date OFDM-LED index modulations with even lower computational complexity.

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15

Wang, Jian, Jun Liu, Shuhui Li, Yifan Zhao, Jing Du, and Long Zhu. "Orbital angular momentum and beyond in free-space optical communications." Nanophotonics 11, no. 4 (December 14, 2021): 645–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0527.

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Abstract Orbital angular momentum (OAM), which describes tailoring the spatial physical dimension of light waves into a helical phase structure, has given rise to many applications in optical manipulation, microscopy, imaging, metrology, sensing, quantum science, and optical communications. Light beams carrying OAM feature two distinct characteristics, i.e., inherent orthogonality and unbounded states in principle, which are suitable for capacity scaling of optical communications. In this paper, we give an overview of OAM and beyond in free-space optical communications. The fundamentals of OAM, concept of optical communications using OAM, OAM modulation (OAM modulation based on spatial light modulator, high-speed OAM modulation, spatial array modulation), OAM multiplexing (spectrally efficient, high capacity, long distance), OAM multicasting (adaptive multicasting, N-dimensional multicasting), OAM communications in turbulence (adaptive optics, digital signal processing, auto-alignment system), structured light communications beyond OAM (Bessel beams, Airy beams, vector beams), diverse and robust communications using OAM and beyond (multiple scenes, turbulence-resilient communications, intelligent communications) are comprehensively reviewed. The prospects and challenges of optical communications using OAM and beyond are also discussed at the end. In the future, there will be more opportunities in exploiting extensive advanced applications from OAM beams to more general structured light.

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16

Huiqin Wang, 王惠琴, 李亚婷 Yating Li, 曹明华 Minghua Cao, and 包仲贤 Zhongxian Bao. "Layered Optical Spatial Modulation in Turbulent Channels." Acta Optica Sinica 39, no. 7 (2019): 0706001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201939.0706001.

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17

Popoola, Wasiu O., Enrique Poves, and Harald Haas. "Spatial Pulse Position Modulation for Optical Communications." Journal of Lightwave Technology 30, no. 18 (September 2012): 2948–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2012.2208940.

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18

Ozbilgin, Tugba, and Mutlu Koca. "Optical Spatial Modulation Over Atmospheric Turbulence Channels." Journal of Lightwave Technology 33, no. 11 (June 1, 2015): 2313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2015.2409302.

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19

Wang, Peng-Ye, and M. Saffman. "Selecting optical patterns with spatial phase modulation." Optics Letters 24, no. 16 (August 15, 1999): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.24.001118.

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20

Jaiswal, Anshul, Manav R. Bhatnagar, Prashant Soni, and Virander Kumar Jain. "Differential Optical Spatial Modulation Over Atmospheric Turbulence." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 13, no. 6 (October 2019): 1417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2019.2921527.

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21

Sarkadi, T., and P. Koppa. "Fourier optical cryptosystem using complex spatial modulation." Physica Scripta T162 (September 1, 2014): 014051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2014/t162/014051.

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22

Sarkadi, Tamás, and Pál Koppa. "Optical encryption using pseudorandom complex spatial modulation." Applied Optics 51, no. 34 (November 27, 2012): 8068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.51.008068.

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23

Xue, Yinghong, Yueping Niu, and Shangqing Gong. "External Modulation Optical Coherent Domain Reflectometry with Long Measurement Range." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 5510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165510.

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Optical coherent domain reflectometry (OCDR) can achieve a high spatial resolution that is independent of the bandwidth of the receiver, but the measurement range is usually very limited. Here we propose an external modulation OCDR system, in which a pair of linear frequency-modulated pulses generated by one modulator are employed as the probe pulse and the reference, respectively. The spatial resolution is determined by the frequency modulation range of the pulse, and the measurement speed is boosted by orders because the proposed technology can simultaneously diagnose a section of fiber with each pair of pulses, while only a single point can be accessed at a time in typical OCDR. In the demonstrational experiment, a measurement range of up to 50 km is achieved with a spatial resolution of 1.4 m and a measuring time of less than 30 s.

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24

Chen, Longlong, Jing Huang, Qian Yi, Dongyang Liu, Yuan He, Ning Li, Yi Feng, Lili Miao, and Chujun Zhao. "Visible optical nonlinearity of vanadium dioxide dispersions." RSC Advances 12, no. 47 (2022): 30287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra05437j.

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The nonlinear optical response and all-optical applications of a vanadium dioxide dispersion have been investigated via the spatial self-phase modulation and spatial cross-phase modulation effects in the visible regime.

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25

Sun, Zhanshan, Yuejun Zheng, and Yunqi Fu. "Graphene-Based Spatial Light Modulator Using Metal Hot Spots." Materials 12, no. 19 (September 21, 2019): 3082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193082.

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Here, we report a graphene-based electric field enhancement structure achieved by several adjacent metal nanoribbons which form the hot spots of the electric field and thus promote the absorption of the single layered graphene below the hot spots. Based on the tunability of the graphene’s Fermi level, the absorption rate can be modulated from near 100% to 35% under low electrostatic gating, leading to a 20 dB modulation depth of reflectance. Compared with the existing near infrared spatial light modulators such as optical cavities integrated with graphene and other structures utilizing patterned or highly doped graphene, our design has the advantages of strong optical field enhancement, low power dissipation and high modulation depth. The proposed electro-optic modulator has a promising potential for developing optical communication and exploiting big data interaction systems.

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26

Betancur, Rafael, and Roman Castañeda. "Spatial coherence modulation." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 26, no. 1 (December 22, 2008): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.26.000147.

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27

Liang Yansheng, 梁言生, 姚保利 Yao Baoli, 雷铭 Lei Ming, 严绍辉 Yan Shaohui, 于湘华 Yu Xianghua, and 李曼曼 Li Manman. "Optical Micro-Manipulation Based on Spatial Modulation of Optical Fields." Acta Optica Sinica 36, no. 10 (2016): 1026003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201636.1026003.

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28

Olanrewaju, Hammed G., and Wasiu O. Popoola. "Effect of Synchronization Error on Optical Spatial Modulation." IEEE Transactions on Communications 65, no. 12 (December 2017): 5362–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2017.2726067.

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29

Sabino, João, Gonçalo Figueira, and Paulo André. "Wavefront spatial-phase modulation in visible optical communications." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 59, no. 7 (May 16, 2017): 1538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.30583.

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30

Wang Huiqin, 王惠琴, 叶归清 Ye Guiqing, 彭清斌 Peng Qingbin, 包仲贤 Bao Zhongxian, and 曹明华 Cao Minghua. "标记型多层光空间脉冲位置调制." Acta Optica Sinica 42, no. 14 (2022): 1406003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202242.1406003.

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31

Sun, Ren, Yujian Shi, Xianyu Zhao, Zhen Long, and Qing Li. "40.4: Research on Reconfigurable Waveguide Devices Based on LCoS." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, S1 (April 2023): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16281.

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Due to the limitation of materials, PIC cannot achieve large magnitude phase modulation in a small size, and lacks the reconfigurable ability. LCoS makes use of the birefringence characteristic of liquid crystal to achieve a large amount of phase modulation in a small size, and has the capacity of reconstruction. Based on the experimental results of LCoS devices and basic liquid crystal waveguide devices, a liquid crystal waveguide is fabricated. While retaining the LCoS spatial optical phase modulation capability, the on‐chip liquid crystal waveguide and phase modulation capability are realized. The beam splitter, optical switch and Mach‐Zehnder interferometer optical circuit structure are constructed, which verifies the feasibility of the on‐chip waveguide structure of the liquid crystal waveguide phase modulator.

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32

Jia, Yue, Yunlong Liao, Leiming Wu, Youxian Shan, Xiaoyu Dai, Houzhi Cai, Yuanjiang Xiang, and Dianyuan Fan. "Nonlinear optical response, all optical switching, and all optical information conversion in NbSe2 nanosheets based on spatial self-phase modulation." Nanoscale 11, no. 10 (2019): 4515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr08966c.

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33

Naser, Hayder. "optical patterns controlled by computerized spatial light modulator." Al-Qadisiyah Journal Of Pure Science 25, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29350/qjps.2020.25.2.1075.

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In this work, a contemporary optical system is designed using a technology of spatial light modulator (SLM). This system is depending on the ability of altering light beam into different optical patterns according to a signal feedback injected computationally to the SLM. The effects of control parameters on the SLM operation are studied such us brightness (B) which determines the constant DC voltage applied to SLM pixels, and contrast (C) determines the maximum AC voltage amount that can be applied to the SLM. The influences of the transmission linearity of image intensity are controlled by the gamma adjustment which can be used to align non linearity of image intensity. The grey scale is used to control and imagine which signals corresponding to grey levels and image location. The resolution and orientation of the obtained images are altered by the screen format to make optical experiments more satisfied, hence different ratios of amplitude and phase modulation can be understood.

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34

Axelsson, K., T. Sergienko, H. Nilsson, U. Brändström, Y. Ebihara, K. Asamura, and M. Hirahara. "Spatial characteristics of wave-like structures in diffuse aurora obtained using optical observations." Annales Geophysicae 30, no. 12 (December 14, 2012): 1693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1693-2012.

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Abstract. We present the results of a statistical study using optical images from ALIS (Auroral Large Imaging System) to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of structures in diffuse aurora. Analysis of conjugate Reimei data shows that such fine structures are a result of modulation of high-energy precipitating electrons. Pitch angle diffusion into the loss cone due to interaction of whistler mode waves with plasma sheet electrons is the most feasible mechanism leading to high-energy electron precipitation. This suggests that the fine structure is an indication of modulations of the efficiency of the wave–particle interaction. The scale sizes and variations of these structures, mapped to the magnetosphere, can give us information about the characteristics of the modulating wave activity. We found the scale size of the auroral stripes and the spacing between them to be on average 13–14 km, which corresponds to 3–4 ion gyro radii for protons with an energy of 7 keV. The structures move southward with a speed close to zero in the plasma convection frame.

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35

Smith, Daniel, Shivasubramanian Gopinath, Francis Gracy Arockiaraj, Andra Naresh Kumar Reddy, Vinoth Balasubramani, Ravi Kumar, Nitin Dubey, et al. "Nonlinear Reconstruction of Images from Patterns Generated by Deterministic or Random Optical Masks—Concepts and Review of Research." Journal of Imaging 8, no. 6 (June 20, 2022): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8060174.

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Indirect-imaging methods involve at least two steps, namely optical recording and computational reconstruction. The optical-recording process uses an optical modulator that transforms the light from the object into a typical intensity distribution. This distribution is numerically processed to reconstruct the object’s image corresponding to different spatial and spectral dimensions. There have been numerous optical-modulation functions and reconstruction methods developed in the past few years for different applications. In most cases, a compatible pair of the optical-modulation function and reconstruction method gives optimal performance. A new reconstruction method, termed nonlinear reconstruction (NLR), was developed in 2017 to reconstruct the object image in the case of optical-scattering modulators. Over the years, it has been revealed that the NLR can reconstruct an object’s image modulated by an axicons, bifocal lenses and even exotic spiral diffractive elements, which generate deterministic optical fields. Apparently, NLR seems to be a universal reconstruction method for indirect imaging. In this review, the performance of NLR isinvestigated for many deterministic and stochastic optical fields. Simulation and experimental results for different cases are presented and discussed.

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36

Wang Huiqin, 王惠琴, 杨顺信 Yang Shunxin, 张悦 Zhang Yue, and 包仲贤 Bao Zhongxian. "Fully Optical Generalized Spatial Modulation in Atmospheric Laser Communication." Acta Optica Sinica 40, no. 13 (2020): 1301001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202040.1301001.

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37

Olanrewaju, Hammed G., John Thompson, and Wasiu O. Popoola. "Performance of Optical Spatial Modulation in Indoor Multipath Channel." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 17, no. 9 (September 2018): 6042–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2018.2854573.

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38

Divitt, Shawn, Martin Frimmer, Taco D. Visser, and Lukas Novotny. "Modulation of optical spatial coherence by surface plasmon polaritons." Optics Letters 41, no. 13 (June 29, 2016): 3094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.41.003094.

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39

Mesleh, Raed, Hany Elgala, Rashid Mehmood, and Harald Haas. "Performance of Optical Spatial Modulation with Transmitters-Receivers Alignment." IEEE Communications Letters 15, no. 1 (January 2011): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2010.01.101208.

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40

Ultanir, Erdem A., Demetrios N. Christodoulides, and George I. Stegeman. "Spatial modulation instability in periodically patterned semiconductor optical amplifiers." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 23, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.23.000341.

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41

Sheth, Bhavin R., Christopher I. Moore, and Mriganka Sur. "Temporal Modulation of Spatial Borders in Rat Barrel Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.1.464.

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Sheth, Bhavin R., Christopher I. Moore, and Mriganka Sur. Temporal modulation of spatial borders in rat barrel cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 464–470, 1998. We examined the effects of varying vibrissa stimulation frequency on intrinsic signal and neuronal responses in rat barrel cortex. Optical imaging of intrinsic signals demonstrated that the region of cortex activated by deflection of a single vibrissa at 1 Hz is more diffuse and more widespread than the territory activated at 5 or 10 Hz. With the use of two different paradigms, constant time of stimulation and constant number of vibrissa deflections, we showed that the optically imaged spread of activity is more discrete at higher stimulation frequencies. We combined optical imaging with multiple electrode recording and confirmed that the neuronal response to individual vibrissa stimulation at the optically imaged center of activity is greater than the response away from the imaged center. Consistent with the imaging data, these recordings also showed no response to a second vibrissa deflection at 5 Hz at a peripheral recording site, though there was a significant response to a second vibrissa deflection at 1 Hz at the same peripheral site. These findings demonstrate that vibrissa stimulation at higher frequencies leads to more focused physiological responses in cortex. Thus the spread of activation in rat barrel cortex is modulated in a dynamic fashion by the frequency of vibrissa stimulation.

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42

Neupane, Tikaram, Bagher Tabibi, Wan-Joong Kim, and Felix Jaetae Seo. "Spatial Self-Phase Modulation in Graphene-Oxide Monolayer." Crystals 13, no. 2 (February 4, 2023): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13020271.

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The spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) of the optical field revealed the magnitude and polarity of nonlinear refraction coefficients of the graphene-oxide (GO) atomic layers in an aqueous base solution with a resonant excitation using a chopped quasi-static laser at 532 nm. The SSPM of the optical field as a result of the intrinsic nonlinear refraction coefficient of GO atomic layers and the spatial distribution of intensity displayed the concentric diffraction rings at the far field due to the coherent superposition of transverse wave vectors. The number of concentric rings as a function of the applied intensity revealed the nonlinear refraction coefficient of GO which was estimated to be ~–6.65 × 10−12 m2/W for the laser-excitation duration of ~0.32 s, where the negative polarity of nonlinear refraction coefficient was confirmed with the interference image profile of SSPM. The upper and vertical distortion of concentric rings at the far field at the longer laser-excitation duration of ~0.8 s indicates the distortion of the coherent superposition of transverse wave vectors due to the localized thermal vortex of GO in the aqueous solution that offers novel platforms of thermal metrology based on localized optical nonlinearity and temperature-sensitive all-optical switching.

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43

Lee, Jeong-Ho, and Seung-Hoon Hwang. "Selection diversity-aided subcarrier intensity modulation/spatial modulation for free-space optical communication." IET Optoelectronics 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-opt.2014.0016.

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44

Chen Jun, 陈君, 赵星 Zhao Xing, and 方志良 Fang Zhiliang. "Complex Amplitude Modulation Using a Phase-Only Spatial Light Modulator." Acta Optica Sinica 31, s1 (2011): s100205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201131.s100205.

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45

Birch, Philip, Rupert Young, Chris Chatwin, Maria Farsari, David Budgett, and John Richardson. "Fully complex optical modulation with an analogue ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator." Optics Communications 175, no. 4-6 (March 2000): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(00)00478-8.

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46

Han, Jeong-Heon, Nak-Won Yoo, Myung-Ha Kim, Byeong-Kwon Ju, and Min-Chul Park. "Residual modulation reduction in optical sectioning using a suitable spatial light modulator waveform." Applied Optics 58, no. 22 (July 31, 2019): 5883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.58.005883.

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Fu, Hong Shuang, Yi Jun Zhu, and Wen Bing Cai. "Optimal Power Allocation in SM-OFDM System Based on Visible Light Communications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 3429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.3429.

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Spatial Modulation is a kind of spatial multiplexing schemes conveying information by the location of transmit antennas and spatial modulation (SM) along with OFDM can be applied to visible light communications for higher data rates. The closed form of symbol error rate (SER) in optical SM-OFDM communication system is derived in this paper. SER is a convex function of power allocation coefficients, therefore there exist optimal allocation coefficients minimizing SER. The optimal allocation coefficients are derived for different channels and numbers of transmit antennas. Analytical results are validated by Monte Carlo simulation results and these results show that a significant SER improvement is obtained by using the power allocation. In addition, the optimal allocation coefficients are affected by the channel and number of transmitters.

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Zeng, Zhen, Zexiao Li, Fengzhou Fang, and Xiaodong Zhang. "Phase Compensation of the Non-Uniformity of the Liquid Crystal on Silicon Spatial Light Modulator at Pixel Level." Sensors 21, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030967.

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Phase compensation is a critical step for the optical measuring system using spatial light modulator (SLM). The wavefront distortion from SLM is mainly caused by the phase modulation non-linearity and non-uniformity of SLM’s physical structure and environmental conditions. A phase modulation characteristic calibration and compensation method for liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator (LCoS-SLM) with a Twyman-Green interferometer is illustrated in this study. A method using two sequences of phase maps is proposed to calibrate the non-uniformity character over the whole aperture of LCoS-SLM at pixel level. A phase compensation matrix is calculated to correct the actual phase modulation of the LCoS-SLM and ensure that the designed wavefront could be achieved. Compared with previously known compensation methods, the proposed method could obtain the phase modulation characteristic curve of each pixel on the LCoS-SLM, rather than a mono look-up table (LUT) curve or multi-LUT curves corresponding to an array of blocks over the whole aperture of the LCoS-SLM. The experiment results show that the phase compensation precision could reach a peak-valley value of 0.061λ in wavefront and this method can be applied in generating freeform wave front for precise optical performance.

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JONSSON, FREDRIK, and CHRISTOS FLYTZANIS. "OPTICAL PARAMETRIC INTERACTIONS IN DISTRIBUTED MAGNETO-OPTICAL BRAGG GRATINGS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 15, no. 01 (March 2006): 113–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863506003177.

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We analyze optical parametric interactions in nonlinear magneto-optical media simultaneously possessing a second-order nonlinearity and a spatial modulation of its linear optical properties. An analytic solution for the conversion efficiency of energy transfer from an optical pump to a signal wave is presented, and we discuss the possibility of tunability that is added to the parametric process.

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GUERREIRO, A. "On the quantum space–time structure of light." Journal of Plasma Physics 76, no. 6 (August 17, 2010): 833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377810000425.

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AbstractWe extend the quantum theory of Time Refraction for a generic spatial and temporal modulation of the optical properties of a medium, such as a dielectric or a gravitational field. The derivation of the local Bogoliubov transformations relating the global electromagnetic modes (valid over the entire span of space and time) with the local modes (valid for the vicinity of each spatial and temporal position) is presented and used in the evaluation of vacuum photon creation by the optical modulations of the medium. We use this approach to relate and review the results of different quantum effects such as the dynamical Casimir effect, space and Time Refraction, the Unruh effect and radiation from superluminal non-accelerated optical boundaries.

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