Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Optical resonance'
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1
Barrett, C. P. "Optical-microwave double resonance." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355527.
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Zongo, Sidiki. "Nonlinear optical properties of natural dyes based on optical resonance." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4635.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScRecent research shows that the study of optical properties of organic material natural dyes has gained much consideration. The specific functional groups in several natural dyes remain essential for the large nonlinear absorption expressed in terms of nonlinear optical susceptibilities or other mechanism of absorption such as two photon absorption (TPA), reverse saturable absorption (RSA) or intensitydependent refractive index characteristic. In this thesis we highlight the optical limiting responses of selected natural dyes as nonlinear response in the femtosecond regime. This technique refers to the decrease of the transmittance of the material with the increased incident light intensity.Three dyes derived from beetroot, flame flower and mimosa flower dyes were investigated. The results showed a limiting behaviour around 795 mW for the beetroot and the flame dye while there is total transmission in the flame dye sample. The performance of the nonlinearity i.e. the optical limiting is related to the existence of alternating single and double bonds (i.e. C-C and C=C bonds) in the molecules that provides the material with the electron delocalization, but also it is related to the light intensity.Beside nonlinearity study, crystallographic investigation was carried out for more possible applicability of the selected dyes and this concerned only the mimosa and flame flower dye thin film samples since the beetroot thin film was very sensitive to strong irradiation (i.e. immediately destroyed when exposed to light with high intensity). For more stability,dye solutions were encapsulated in gels for further measurements.
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Tsia, Kin Man. "Optical resonances in photonic-crystal-embedded microcavities /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202005%20TSIA.
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Chinowsky, Timothy Mark. "Optical multisensors based on surface plasmon resonance /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5857.
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Rajaram, Bhavani. "Optical-optical double resonance study of the 3¹ A¹ state of HCP." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32155.
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HOLM, DAVID ALLEN. "QUANTUM THEORY OF MULTIWAVE MIXING (RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE, SATURATION SPECTROSCOPY, MODULATION, PHASE CONJUGATION, QUANTUM NOISE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187980.
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This dissertation formulates and applies a theory describing how one or two strong classical waves and one or two weak quantum mechanical waves interact in a two-level medium. The theory unifies many topics in quantum optics, such as resonance fluorescence, saturation spectroscopy, modulation spectroscopy, the build up of laser and optical bistability instabilities, and phase conjugation. The theory is based on a quantum population pulsation approach that resembles the semiclassical theories, but is substantially more detailed. Calculations are performed to include the effects of inhomogeneous broadening, spatial hole burning, and Gaussian transverse variations. The resonance fluorescence spectrum in a high finesse optical cavity is analyzed in detail, demonstrating how stimulated emission and multiwave processes alter the spectrum from the usual three peaks. The effects of quantum noise during the propagation of weak signal and conjugate fields in phase conjugation and modulation spectroscopy are studied. Our analysis demonstrates that quantum noise affects not only the intensities of the signal and conjugate, but also their relative phase, and in particular we determine a quantum limit to the semiclassical theory of FM modulation spectroscopy. Finally, we derive the corresponding theory for the two-photon, two-level medium. This yields the first calculation of the two-photon resonance fluorescence spectrum. Because of the greater number of possible interactions in the two-photon two-level model, the theoretical formalism is considerably more complex, and many effects arise that are absent in the one-photon problem. We discuss the role of the Stark shifts on the emission spectrum and show how the Rayleigh scattering is markedly different.
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Booker, Annette Casandra. "Optical Characterization and Evaluation of Dye-Nanoparticle Interactions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36370.
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Surface plasmon resonance has become a widely investigated phenomenon in the past few years. Initially descriptive of light interactions with metallic films, research has branched out to encompass the nanoparticles as well. Generation of the maximum surface plasmon resonance for nanostructures is based on the resonance condition that the oscillatory behavior of the 'free' electrons on the surface of the particle become equivalent to the frequency of the excitation light; for films this required a specific geometry.
Metallic nanoparticles have also interested researchers because of their unique optical properties. Depending on the metal, observations of quenching as well as fluorescence enhancement have been reported. Based on the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance as well as the properties of metallic nanoparticles, this research reports the interaction of gold and silver nanoparticles in an aqueous dye solution. Our research is the basis for developing an optical sensor used for water treatment centers as an alarm mechanism. Due to the inefficiency of the fluorophore used in similar optodes, sufficient fluorescence was not obtained. With the addition of the nanoparticles, we hoped to observe the transfer of energy from the nanoparticle to the fluorophore to increase the overall intensity, thereby creating a sufficient signal.
Using the excitation theories discovered by Raman, Mie, and Forster and Dexter as our foundation, we mixed a strongly fluorescent dye with gold nanoparticles and aagain with silver nanoparticles. After taken measurements via fluorescence spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence excitation, we observed that the silver nanoparticles seemed to enhance the fluorescence of the dye while the gold nanoparticles quenched the fluorescence.Master of Science
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Vukusic, Peter. "Sensing thin layers using surface plasmon resonance." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358142.
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Ma, Ning. "Laterally coupled hexagonal micro-pillar resonator add-drop filters for optical communications /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202004%20MA.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-141). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Booth, Ian. "Optical detection of paramagnetic and cyclotron resonance in semiconductors." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25566.
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Optical Detection of Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) has been used to observe both paramagnetic and diamagnetic resonance of photo-excited electrons and holes in GaP, ZnTe and AgBr. Paramagnetic resonance of conduction electrons in GaP has been studied and the microwave frequency and power dependence of the effect analysed. The maximum signal strength was observed to produce approximately 1% change in luminescence at 1.6 K. The g value deduced from the resonance was 2.000 ± 0.005. The resonance was homogeneously broadened giving the electron lifetime as approximately 4 nanoseconds.
Paramagnetic resonance of electrons and holes has also been detected in AgBr.
The background signals present in ODMR experiments have been investigated and are shown to be caused by diamagnetic or cyclotron resonance heating of photoexcited carriers. Measurements at microwave frequencies of 9.2 and 36.3 GHz have been made on GaP,ZnTe and AgBr, and cyclotron resonance of electrons and holes observed. The effective masses of light and heavy holes in GaP were found to be 0.154 ± 0.01 and 0.626 ± 0.06 respectively while the electron effective mass was 0.36 ± 0.10. The electron scattering time was shorter than that for holes by a factor of approximately three, most likely due to scattering by isoelectronic nitrogen impurities. Resonances were observed in ZnTe at effective mass values of 0.30 ± 0.20 and 0.76 ± 0.20 corresponding to electrons and heavy holes. In both GaP and ZnTe resonances due to electrons and holes appeared in different luminescence bands indicating the sensitivity of different recombination centres to heating of either carrier type. Cyclotron resonance of electrons and holes was also observed in AgBr and showed the effects of conduction and valence band non-parabolicity. A feature in the electron resonance indicated enhanced trapping of electrons with certain energies by emission of one or more LO phonons.Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
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Thomas, Oliver [Verfasser]. "An optical Feshbach resonance using Rydberg molecules / Oliver Thomas." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1174426454/34.
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Cadby, A. J. "Optical and magnetic resonance studies of #pi# conjugated systems." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392550.
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Ferguson, A. H. "Far infrared optical pumping and laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382213.
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Abanulo, Jude C. "Integrated optical surface plasmon resonance for electrochemically addressed layers." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/42383/.
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This thesis reports on the development of the first integrated optical surface plasmon resonance sensor that combines an optical and electrochemical interrogating technique in sensing electrochemically addressed layers over a gold film. This device brings together the advantages of the analytical technique of surface plasmon resonance and of cyclic voltammetry on a single chip that exhibits portability, miniaturisation capability and compatibility with optical fibre. The integrated optical chip allows the potential introduction of a large number of sensing pads on a single chip thus allowing the acquisition of precise information about a test compound while simultaneously monitoring different test compounds in the same sensing area. The integrated optical surface plasmon resonance (IOSPR) devices fabricated were applied in the study of the oxidation of gold and the removal of the oxide layer in real time. The optical response to the oxidation process was similar to those reported in the literature using ellipsometry and or reflectance spectroscopy. Here the IOSPR device performed better, giving transmittance changes of 60 % in response to the formation of an oxide film. The introduction of a monolayer of copper onto the gold surface of the device via the underpotential deposition process was monitored for the first time using the surface plasmon technique. Here the response and performance of the device was compared with other reported studies in the literature, which combined an optical and electrochemical technique for similar analysis. The IOSPR device performed better with 10 % change in transmittance in comparison to a change of 1 % reported for reflectance measurements. Comparisons were also made with those predicted by a numerical waveguide model. The feasibility of potential applications in biological analysis was demonstrated by applying the device in analysing the adsorption and desorption of thiol and phospholipid layers onto the sensing surface of the device.
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隼人, 市橋, and Hayato Ichihashi. "Studies on optical spectroscopy techniques with surface plasmon resonance." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13127436/?lang=0, 2020. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13127436/?lang=0.
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表面プラズモン共鳴型超音波センサは高分解能な光音響顕微鏡用超音波受波器として期待されている．本研究では，サブナノ秒パルスレーザを利用したポンププローブシステムを構築してサブナノ秒域における表面プラズモン共鳴センサの熱・弾性的な過渡応答を光学的に評価した。特にプローブ光の反射率変化として観測される過渡応答の発生メカニズムについて，実験と理論の両方のアプローチから検討しており，観測される過渡応答は金属薄膜のプラズマ周波数の変化に起因することを明らかにした。Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor has been expected as a ultrasonic sensor used in high resolution photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). In this thesis, thermoelastic transient responses in SPR sensor were evaluated by a pump probe system with a developed sub-nanosecond pulsed laser. Especially, the mechanism of the transient response to be observed as a reflectivity change of the probe light was studied by two approaches of the experiment and the theoretical estimation. As consequence of these approaches, it was revealed that the transient response was caused by the change of the plasma frequency in a thin metal film of SPR sensor.
博士(工学)
Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering
同志社大学
Doshisha University
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Buratto, Steven Keith Weitekamp Daniel P. "Time-sequenced optical nuclear magnetic resonance of gallium arsenide /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1993. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-11092004-164546.
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Panich, Sirirat. "Optical resonance sensors based on whispering-gallery-mode technique." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/48497.
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In recent years, the whispering gallery mode (WGM) technique has received considerable attention as a novel and extremely sensitive technique for use in sensors. The technique is able to detect target molecules at very low levels and in real time, a capability which cannot be matched by any other detection technique currently in use. With this potential rarely found in common sensors, WGM is becoming one of the most widely used. The WGM set-up is simple and inexpensive. Light generated by a tunable laser, circumnavigates the surface of a resonator through a tapered waveguide. This light is strongly confined inside the microresonator by total internal reflection (TIR). Energy is extracted from the fibre, resulting in a negative peak. The surface of the resonator needs to be functionalised for reacting with the target molecule. If a chemical or biological analyte is to be bound on the surface of the resonator, the negative peak must be shifted. This shift can be used for measuring the amount of the analyte. In view of its exciting potential, it is not surprising that WGM is establishing itself as the detection method of choice, especially in chemical and biomedical applications. The work reported in this thesis is in two sections. In the first part, the use of the WGM technique integrated self-assembled glutathione (GSH) modified gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on an optical microsphere resonator in an ultrasensitive chemical detection assay for Pb(II) (down to 10 ppt or 0.05 nM) is described. This satisfies the demanding sensitivity required for monitoring the maximum Pb(II) exposure limits set by both International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The second section presents an example of the use of WGM in a biosensor to study the interactions between small molecules and G-quadruplex DNA which is well known to be active targets for anticancer treatments. Currently methods typically used to study such systems have proven to be valuable; however, they have limitations, such as low sensitivity, time-consuming monitoring and lack of real time analysis. To circumvent these problems, a novel platform based around WGM is developed. The sensor offers a real time, fast and sensitive analysis. In addition, kinetic data such as dissociation equilibrium constant (KD ) as well as association and dissociation constant (kon and koff , respectively) can be easily obtained.
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FALLAUTO, CARMELO. "Surface plasmon resonance optical sensors for detection of chemicals." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2617470.
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The thesis investigates the realization of all-optical sensors for the detection of chemicals and bio-chemicals by exploiting the properties of surface plasma waves (or plasmons) excited at a dielectric-metal interface, the so called phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
SPR occurs for light with suitable wavelength, incidence and polarization and manifests itself as a strong attenuation of the light reflection coefficient at the metal-dielectric interface. Supposing to use a broadband light source for the interrogation, this turns out in a deep and narrow notch in the reflected spectrum, the position of which is strongly dependent on the refractive index of the substance (the analyte) in contact with the metal layer.
These sensors are characterized by very high sensitivity and, after proper functionalization, are therefore used in chemical and biochemical analysis to detect ppb (part-per-billion) concentrations of specific substances, such as pollutants in water. A further reason of interest is the possibility to conduct label-free analyses, without the use of other chemicals to make the analyte detectable.
The construction parameters (e.g. metal used, layer thickness, and incidence angle, just to name a few) play a key role in determining the performance of these sensors. Therefore, in the first part of the thesis a mathematical model is introduced to allow running parametric simulations to optimize the layout according to the different configurations and applications.
Then, based on the indications obtained from the simulations, some prototypes both in bulk optic (i.e. using prisms-based setups) and in optical fiber configurations have been realized and fully characterized to validate the implemented models. Optical fiber based sensors are particularly interesting for their small size that makes them well suited in all those applications where it is required the use of a compact, lightweight and minimally invasive system. For this reason, the fiber optic SPR sensor solution is often taken as the reference sensing system throughout the thesis.
In a second part of the thesis, in view of long-term monitoring applications, the most critical parameters affecting the sensor resolution have been identified and analyzed in detail. These are: i) the stability of the optical source used to interrogate the sensor; ii) the influence of misalignments and other mechanical instabilities; iii) the effect of temperature fluctuations.
As for the optical source stability, the most common source types used in practical setups (halogen lamp, super-continuum laser and SLED) have been measured, and a method to compare their long-term fluctuations and subsequent influence on the sensor performance has been devised.
Similar approach based on the analysis of repeated experimental results has been applied also to evaluate the impact of the main mechanical parameters, such as the light beam angle of incidence, both intentionally and unintentionally variable, respectively in the bulk optic setup or in the fiber-based setup. The latter, in particular, is very relevant in the development of fiber sensing probes that to be disposable need to be low cost, and thus they make use of cheap connectors with poor repeatability.
Another key issue is the effect of temperature. Indeed, since the refractive index is also function of the temperature and a SPR sensor basically detects changes in the refractive index, if the whole measuring system is not kept at a constant temperature, its drift induces a shift in the position of the plasmon resonance; and this could be erroneously interpreted as a variation in the concentration of the analyte. The solution widely used to reduce this drawback is to stabilize the temperature (typically using Peltier modules) and insert the whole sensing part in robust chassis; this, however, makes the instrument bulky and suitable for lab use only, and definitely not for portable monitoring systems. To overcome these limitations, a new internally compensated sensor configuration has been studied and its behavior assessed through some experiments.
In the final part of the thesis all the analyzed aspects and developed solutions are applied to a feasibility study of SPR fiber sensor probes for Continuous Glucose Monitoring application (CGM), a topic of high relevance considering that diabetes constitutes one of the most common diseases, affecting more than 350 million people worldwide, corresponding to more than 8% of the adult population.
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Lee, Ho Tong. "Prism-coupled square optical micropillar resonator-based filters for optical communications /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202004%20LEE.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-138). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Flinn, Gregory Patrick. "Laser spectroscopy of semiconductor quantum wells : optical pumping and optically detected nuclear magnetic resonance." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/399448/.
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This thesis describes the experimental results of optical pumping studies made in some Type 1 GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As single quantum wells (QWs), ranging in widths from 50 to 200A. Optical pumping uses circularly polarised light to photocreate spin orientated carriers in the QWs. The polarised carriers, principally the electrons, transfer angular momentum to the nuclear spins of the lattice through the Fermi contact hyperfine interaction. The orientated nuclei act back on the electrons through the same interaction. Studies of the nuclear and carrier spin systems may be effected by monitoring the circular polarisation of the recombination luminescence. The Hanle Effect of the electron orientation within the QWs is measured as a function of well width, and of the non-photoexcited hole concentration. Correlation of this data with carrier recombination time measurements produces the magnitude of the carrier Landé factor. Allowing the nuclear field to influence the Hanle curves determines the sign of these g - factors, whence the free conduction electron value is observed to change sign at 55A and become positive for thinner wells. This result is compared to the bulk g -values of GaAs (-0.44) and Al0.3Ga0.7As (+0.40), and modelled using k . p theory to estimate the contributions to g* from the well and barrier materials. Nuclear orientation within the wells is observed by the optical detection of nuclear magnetic resonance (ODNMR), via the application of a radio frequency field (RF) to the orientated nuclear spins. ODNMR of ~ 1011 nuclear spins is measured in almost all the single QWs. The signals are studied as a function of various experimental influences, such as well width, p-type carrier concentration, RF magnitude, optical pumping time, and RF sweep rate. Observation is made of extrinsic lattice strain and spin diffusion of the nuclear magnetization, and results suggest increased nuclear relaxation rates within the barrier. n-type wells show no ODNMR, indicating that incomplete hole relaxation is present within the wells. The very wide and undisplaced Hanle curves observed in this type of well support this view. Nuclear orientation is not observed in some GaAs/InxGa1-xAs QW systems. This null result is discussed in terms of the experimental factors important for its successful observation in the GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As systems.
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Johnston, Kyle S. "Planar substrate surface plasmon resonance probe with multivariant calibration /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6069.
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Ploschner, Martin. "The role of the plasmon resonance for enhanced optical forces." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3189.
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Optical manipulation of nanoscale objects is studied with particular emphasis on the role of plasmon resonance for enhancement of optical forces. The thesis provides an introduction to plasmon resonance and its role in confinement of light to a sub-diffraction volume. The strong light confinement and related enhancement of optical forces is then theoretically studied for a special case of nanoantenna supporting plasmon resonances. The calculation of optical forces, based on the Maxwell stress tensor approach, reveals relatively weak optical forces for incident powers that are used in typical realisations of trapping with nanoantenna. The optical forces are so weak that other non-optical effects should be considered to explain the observed trapping. These effects include heating induced convection, thermoporesis and chemical binding. The thesis also studies the optical effects of plasmon resonances for a fundamentally different application - size-based optical sorting of gold nanoparticles. Here, the plasmon resonances are not utilised for sub-diffraction light confinement but rather for their ability to increase the apparent cross-section of the particles for their respective resonant sizes. Exploiting these resonances, we realise sorting in a system of two counter-propagating evanescent waves, each at different wavelength that selectively guide gold nanoparticles of different sizes in opposite directions. The method is experimentally demonstrated for bidirectional sorting of gold nanoparticles of either 150 or 130 nm in diameter from those of 100 nm in diameter within a mixture. We conclude the thesis with a numerical study of the optimal beam-shape for optical sorting applications. The developed theoretical framework, based on the force optical eigenmode method, is able to find an illumination of the back-focal plane of the objective such that the force difference between nanoparticles of various sizes in the sample plane is maximised.
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Schäffer, Erik. "Hydrodynamic resonance in optical traps & friction of molecular machines." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-179472.
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Schäffer, Erik. "Hydrodynamic resonance in optical traps & friction of molecular machines." Diffusion fundamentals 20 (2013) 11, S. 1, 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13533.
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Norquay, Graham. "Spin-exchange optical pumping and nuclear magnetic resonance of 129Xe." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12940/.
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The nuclear spin polarisation of 129Xe can be increased by four to five orders of magnitude using the technique spin-exchange optical pumping. The resulting enhancement in polarisation can be utilised to dramatically enhance the sensitivity of 129Xe in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) applications. This thesis is concerned with the physics of spin-exchange optical pumping and NMR spectroscopy of hyperpolarised 129Xe. Its general aims are to optimise the production of hyperpolarised 129Xe and to evaluate the underlying NMR mechanisms of 129Xe in blood (in vitro and in vivo). Chapters 3 and 4 detail experiments and modelling on a spin-exchange optical pumping polariser with the aim to optimise the production of hyperpolarised 129Xe for nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopy. This optimisation has enabled high-quality imaging of the airspaces of the human lungs as well as spectroscopy of 129Xe dissolved in blood and lung tissue. In addition to 129Xe polarisation optimisation, in Chapter 5, NMR experiments on 129Xe in human blood were performed to determine constants underpinning 129Xe NMR relaxation and exchange dynamics in whole blood samples. These constants should enable accurate modelling of 129Xe signal dynamics during in vivo experiments involving xenon transport from the lungs to distal tissues. Lastly, in Chapter 6, hyperpolarised 129Xe NMR was used to probe pulmonary blood oxygenation in vivo. A non-linear relationship between the 129Xe chemical shift in red blood cells was determined in vitro on human blood samples at 1.5 T and 3 T. This relationship was used for dynamic measurements of pulmonary blood oxygenation in a healthy volunteer during breath-hold apnoea on a 3 T scanner.
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Lacey, Scott Michael. "Ray and wave dynamics in three dimensional asymmetric optical resonators /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3102173.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-187). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Batra, Sharat. "Magneto-optical studies of domain wall oscillations /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265555439935.
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Brown, Jeffrey Michael. "Exactly Solvable Light-Matter Interaction Models for Studying Filamentation Dynamics." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612844.
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This dissertation demonstrates the usefulness of exactly solvable quantum models in the investigation of light-matter interaction phenomena associated with the propagation of ultrashort laser pulses through gaseous media. This work fits into the larger research effort towards remedying the weaker portions of the standard set of medium modeling equations commonly used in simulations. The ultimate goal is to provide a self-consistent quantum mechanical description that can integrate Maxwell and Schrödinger systems and provide a means to realistically simulate nonlinear optical experiments on relevant scales. The study of exactly solvable models begins with one of the simplest quantum systems available, one with a 1D Dirac-delta function potential plus interaction with the light field. This model contains, in the simplest form, the most important "ingredients" that control optical filamentation, i.e. discrete and continuum electronic states. The importance of both states is emphasized in the optical intensity regime in which filaments form, where both kinds of electronic states simultaneously play a role and may not even be distinguishable. For this model atom, an analytical solution for the time-dependent light-induced atomic response from an arbitrary excitation waveform is obtained. Although this system is well-known and has been studied for decades, this result is probably the most practically useful and general one obtained thus far. Numerical implementation details of the result are also given as the task is far from trivial. Given an efficient implementation, the model is used in light-matter interaction simulations and from these it is apparent that even this toy model can qualitatively reproduce many of the nonlinear phenomena seen in experiments. Not only does this model capture the basic physics of optical filamentation, but it is also well-suited for high harmonic generation simulations. Next, a theoretical framework for using Stark resonant states (or metastable states) to represent the medium's polarization response is presented. Researchers have recognized long ago the utility of Gamow resonant states as a description of various decay processes. Even though a bound electron experiences a similar decay-like process as it transitions into the continuum upon ionization, it was unclear whether field-induced Stark resonant states carry physically relevant information. It is found that they do, and in particular it is possible to use them to capture a medium's polarization response. To this end, two quantum systems with potentials represented by a 1D Dirac-delta function and a 1D square well are solved, and all the necessary quantities for their use as medium models are presented. From these results it is possible to conjecture some general properties that hold for all resonance systems, including systems that reside in higher than one dimensional space. Finally, as a practical application of this theory, the Metastable Electronic State Approach (MESA) is presented as a quantum-based replacement for the standard medium modeling equations.
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Bang, Hyungseok. "INTEGRATED OPTICAL SPR (SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE) SENSOR BASED ON OPTOELECTRONIC PLATFORM." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3289.
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Current major demands in SPR sensor development are system miniaturization and throughput improvement. Structuring an array of integrated optical SPR sensor heads on a semiconductor based optoelectronic platform could be a promising solution for those issues, since integrated optical waveguides have highly miniaturized dimension and the optoelectronic platform enables on-chip optical-to-electrical signal conversion. Utilizing a semiconductor based platform to achieve optoelectronic functionality poses requirements to the senor head; the sensor head needs to have reasonably small size while it should have reasonable sensitivity and fabrication tolerance. This research proposes a novel type of SPR sensor head and demonstrates a fabricated device with an array of integrated optical SPR sensor heads endowed with optoelectronic functionality. The novel integrated optical SPR sensor head relies on mode conversion efficiency for its operational principle. The beauty of this type of sensor head is it can produce clear contrast in SPR spectrum with a highly miniaturized and simple structure, in contrast to several-millimeter-scale conventional absorption type or interferometer type sensor heads. The integrated optical SPR sensor with optoelectronic functionality has been realized by structuring a dielectric waveguide based SPR sensor head on a photodetector-integrated semiconductor substrate. A large number of unit sensors have been fabricated on a substrate with a batch fabrication process, which promises a high throughput SPR sensor system or low-priced disposable sensors.Ph.D.
Optics and Photonics
Optics and Photonics
Optics PhD
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D'Haenens-Johansson, Ulrika F. S. "Optical and magnetic resonance studies of point defects in CVD diamond." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/38146/.
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This thesis reports research conducted on point defects in single crystal diamond utilising the complementary techniques of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Intentional silicon-doping of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond allowed the production of samples grown on differently oriented substrates and containing distinct silicon isotopic abundances. The EPR spectrum of the neutral charge state of the silicon split-vacancy centre in diamond, (Si-V)0, has been characterised in the literature. Evidence for the assignment of the 1.31 eV zero phonon line (ZPL) seen in absorption and PL to the 3A2g -> 3A1u transition arising at (Si-V)0 is presented. Reversible charge transfer between the negatively charged centre, (Si-V)− (ZPL at 1.68 eV), and (Si-V)0 enabled the determination of calibration factors relating defect concentrations to their respective ZPL intensities. Preferential alignment of trigonal centres, such as (Si-V), in CVD material grown on {110}-substrates has been observed. The formation of (Si-V) centres during CVD synthesis and via irradiation and annealing of silicon-doped diamond was studied. Variable temperature EPR spectroscopy under illumination was used to investigate the optical spin polarisation (SP) of the (Si-V)0 3A2g ground state. Two different mechanisms for the SP are considered; selective intersystem crossing of (Si-V)0, and photoionisation of (Si-V)−. The properties of (Si-V)0 are compared to those of the extensively studied negatively charged nitrogen vacancy centre, (N-V)−. The effective spin-lattice relaxation and spin polarisation rates for both centres during continuous illumination are explored using pulsed EPR methods. A new defect, labelledWAR3, with spin S = 1 2 was observed in silicon-doped diamond and characterised using multifrequency EPR. Analysis of the data revealed that WAR3 is the neutral charge state of a silicon divacancy complex decorated by a hydrogen atom, (Si-V2:H)0. The experimentally derived 29Si and 1H hyperfine parameters are in good agreement with the values calculated using the spindensity- functional technique, confirming this model and ruling out a non-planar structure.
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Yin, Xiaobo. "Optical nonspecular phenomena at the surface plasmon resonance and their applications /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Curry, Cecilia W. "New methods for the computation of optical flow." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20164.
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Atherton, Christopher G. "Numerical modelling of polymer ring long-period grating optical fibres." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324556.
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Jiang, Kefeng. "Investigation of Stochastic Resonance in Directed Propagation of Cold Atoms." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1626991662334714.
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Nehru, Neha. "Reference Compensation for Localized Surface-Plasmon Resonance Sensors." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/41.
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Noble metal nanoparticles supporting localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) have been extensively investigated for label free detection of various biological and chemical interactions. When compared to other optical sensing techniques, LSPR sensors offer label-free detection of biomolecular interactions in localized sensing volume solutions. However, these sensors also suffer from a major disadvantage – LSPR sensors remain highly susceptible to interference because they respond to both solution refractive index change and non-specific binding as well as specific binding of the target analyte. These interactions can severely compromise the measurement of the target analyte in a complex unknown media and hence limit the applicability and impact of the sensor. In spite of the extensive amount of work done in this field, there has been a clear absence of efforts to make LSPR sensors immune to interfering effects. The work presented in this document investigates, both experimentally and numerically, dual- and tri-mode LSPR sensors that utilize the multiple surface plasmon modes of gold nanostructures to distinguish target analyte from interfering bulk and non-specific binding effects. Finally, a series of biosensing experiments are performed to examine various regeneration assays for LSPR sensors built on indium tin oxide coated glass substrate.
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Chao, Karl 1960. "Modulated emittance spectroscopy." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276977.
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The electronic bandstructure of solids near room temperature has been successfully explored with previous versions of modulation spectroscopy. Modulation of parameters which enter into the bandstructure produce a dielectric function variation. This changes the optical observables, such as reflectance or absorptance. Modulation resonances are observed near singularities in the joint density-of-states function. These resonances must also be detectable in the emittance, an observable which also depends on the dielectric function. Thus, this work investigates the possibility of detection of optical resonances riding on the temperature derivative of the blackbody emission from a solid at high temperature. The modulated emittance was separated from the thermal background by a detection scheme utilizing a CCD and computer. The resonances were not observed because of excessive CCD noise. The existance and magnitude of the resonances was based upon results from other modulation spectroscopies.
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Lee, Jae Hoon. "Sub-Wavelength Resonance Imaging and Addressing of Cesium Atoms Trapped in an Optical Lattice." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/228193.
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We demonstrate a resonance imaging protocol for optical lattices that enables robust preparation and single qubit addressing of atoms with sub-wavelength resolution in 1D. A 3D optical lattice consisting of three sets of independent 1D counter- propagating laser beams provides the trapping potential for the atoms. On this optical lattice platform, a long-period 1D superlattice is imposed by interfering two laser beams at a shallow angle centered at the atoms. This superlattice creates a position-dependent shift of the qubit transition frequency defined between two spin states in the ground manifold. Isolated 2D planes of atoms are prepared by flipping the resonant spins with a microwave pulse and removing the non-resonant spins by pushing them out of the lattice with a resonant laser beam. The periodic planes of atoms that are prepared can be imaged by applying another microwave pulse and detecting the fluorescence from the spins that flip back to the initial state, as a function of superlattice displacement between the preparation and read-out pulses. By employing these new techniques for sub-wavelength imaging, we tested the effectiveness of using composite pulses for addressing the trapped atoms in an optical lattice. Composite pulse techniques can be used to reduce the sensitivity of the addressing to small variations in the relative position and intensity of the lattices. This robustness is achieved by applying numerically generated composite pulses that have a constant atomic response within a target range of relative lattice positions and intensities. We designed a composite microwave pulse that flips the spin with near unit fidelity for all atoms that are positioned within a target spatial region, while conserving the spin of the atoms outside of that region. This cannot be accomplished with plain pulses due to off-resonant excitation. We also expanded the concept of this technique for robustly addressing spins even further to implement independent unitaries, or single qubit quantum gates, across several adjacent lattice sites. Finally, in order to quantitatively measure the fidelity of these robust composite pulses, we perform a randomized benchmarking procedure, which was first proposed by Knill.
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Vemuri, Padma Rekha. "Surface Plasmon Based Nanophotonic Optical Emitters." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5584/.
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Group- III nitride based semiconductors have emerged as the leading material for short wavelength optoelectronic devices. The InGaN alloy system forms a continuous and direct bandgap semiconductor spanning ultraviolet (UV) to blue/green wavelengths. An ideal and highly efficient light-emitting device can be designed by enhancing the spontaneous emission rate. This thesis deals with the design and fabrication of a visible light-emitting device using GaN/InGaN single quantum well (SQW) system with enhanced spontaneous emission. To increase the emission efficiency, layers of different metals, usually noble metals like silver, gold and aluminum are deposited on GaN/InGaN SQWs using metal evaporator. Surface characterization of metal-coated GaN/InGaN SQW samples was carried out using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Photoluminescence is used as a tool for optical characterization to study the enhancement in the light emitting structures. This thesis also compares characteristics of different metals on GaN/InGaN SQW system thus allowing selection of the most appropriate material for a particular application. It was found out that photons from the light emitter couple more to the surface plasmons if the bandgap of former is close to the surface plasmon resonant energy of particular metal. Absorption of light due to gold reduces the effective mean path of light emitted from the light emitter and hence quenches the quantum well emission peak compared to the uncoated sample.
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Green, Ben L. "Optical and magnetic resonance studies of point defects in single crystal diamond." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58600/.
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This thesis reports research on point defects in single crystal diamond studied by a number of techniques including electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-Vis), photoluminescence (PL) and infrared absorption (IR). Natural diamond samples have been investigated, in addition to high pressure high temperature (HPHT) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) grown synthetic diamond samples. The effects of low temperature electron irradiation on boron-doped synthetic diamond have been studied. For samples irradiated with 5 x 10 [superscript] 17 e-cm-2 at 100 K, the post-irradiation neutral boron and neutral vacancy concentrations are found to depend approximately linearly on the starting boron concentration in each sample. A CVD-grown sample is annealed and characterised at each annealing stage by PL, IR and UV-Vis. The results are explained in a model whereby some interstitials are mobile during irradiation and complex with the boron: there is no evidence for the interaction of boron and vacancies. The 1:913 eV (648:2 nm) photoluminescence transition is studied in type IIb diamond samples under applied uniaxial stress. The transition is found to occur between states of A' & A" symmetry. An associated local mode with energy 178:2meV (1437 cm-1) is determined to have A' symmetry. The emission is tentatively ascribed to a boron-containing interstitial complex. Complications of performing uniaxial stress on natural samples are discussed with reference to the 2:526 eV (490:8 nm) emission observed in plastically deformed type IIa diamond. Using 15N-doped HPHT-grown diamond, a new EPR spectrum is observed and identified as belonging to (NVN-). Hyperfine analysis shows that the unpaired electron probability density is localised approximately 100% on the two nearest neighbour carbon atoms. Using estimates of the 14N quadrupolar interaction strength, (NVN-) is identified in a 14N-doped synthetic diamond. The P2 spectrum is created in a 15N-doped synthetic sample following irradiation and HPHT annealing. The published spin Hamiltonian parameters are signifi cantly improved upon and for the first time the P2 spectrum is unambiguously assigned to (N3V)0. Both ([superscript]15 N 3 V)0 and ([superscript]15Ns)0 are shown to spin polarise upon illumination with light of energy A 2:4eV, with ([superscript]15 N s)0 spin polarisation argued to arise due to long-range interaction with ([superscript]15 N 3 V)0.
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Byrnes, Daniel P. "Scanning tunneling optical resonance microscopy applied to indium arsenide quantum dot structures /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11200.
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Riley, Scott Allen. "Magnetic resonance and optical birefringence studies of electrically and magnetically aligned molecules /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Chang, Yao-Yuan, and 張耀元. "Optical-Optical Double Resonance of the NaH C1＋State." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04101910707127360563.
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碩士國立成功大學
化學系
88
Up to now only two electronic states, X1＋ and A1＋ have been identified in the spectroscopy of sodium hydride. There are few theoretical publications in higher electronic states. This is the reason we are interested in. In this study, we use Optical-Optical Double Resonance Fluorescence Depletion Spectroscopy to detect the higher C1＋ electronic state. The way is described as the following process： A1＋（v , J） X1＋（v , J）＋hv1（PUMP） C1＋（v , J） A1＋（v , J）＋hv2（PROBE） A1＋（v , J）X1＋（v , J）＋hv3（Fluo.） The first dye laser beam excites NaH molecules from X state to the A state, and then the second dye laser beam further excites molecules to the higher excited C state. In this study, we detect fluorescence depletion of A state to X state to search C state. We have observed 34 rovibrational levels（in 9 vibrational levels）of C state. The range observed vibrational level spceings ΔGv＋1/2 is 148 ~ 130 cm-1. The range observed rotational level spceings Bv is 0.522 ~ 0.550 cm-1. However, a truly vibrational assignment has to be determined by a further study.
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Chiu, Su-Yun, and 邱淑筠. "Optical heterodyne surface plasmon resonance biosensor." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48261561280344708169.
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碩士國立陽明大學
放射醫學科學研究所
91
A large variety of conventional methods have been used for characterizing and quantifying bio-macromolecules interactions, including dye, fluorophores and radio-tracers labeling. These methods all need complex pre-experiment preparations, and cannot reflect the protein interactions immediately. Some labeling materials even interfere the protein binding. SPR (surface plasmon resonance) biosensor has shown a great potential for affinity, allowing real-time analysis of biospecific interactions without the use of labeled molecules. It is also immunosensor with high sensitivity and without the need of auxiliary chemicals. In the prior experiments, the optical heterodyne SPR biosensor has shown a sensitivity of 5ng/ml. However, the sensitivity cannot approach the real physiological concentration of clinical usage. Therefore, noise suppression is considered to achieve a higher sensitivity. In this thesis, the way to suppress excess noise is conducted. Based on the noise generation mechanisms, the excess noise is suppressed by use of the optical heterodyne technique and signal processing. The lock-in amplifier and band-pass filter are adopted to get a higher central frequency to bandwidth ratio (high Q value). By reducing the excess-noise, the influence of laser fluctuation is lowered significantly and the signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced obviously. Therefore, the sensitivity of the system has been improved to arrive at 100pg/ml in both of the original and the calibrated data.
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Wu, chia-ying, and 吳佳穎. "The Optical-Optical Double Resonance Spectroscopy of 7LiH D state." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10011089985064408738.
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碩士國立中興大學
化學系
90
our research is use the method of Optical-Optical Double Resonance Fluorescence Depletion Spectroscopy to detect the D electron exciterovibrational levels of 7LiH.We had observed D electron excite state vibrational levels v=21'22'26~51,rotational levels is among J=2~9,we had totally observed 197 rovibrational levels.
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王俊人. "The optical-optical double resonance spectroscopy of the 6LiHC1 + state." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68633663611333455617.
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shu-kai, Hsu, and 徐書楷. "The Optical-Optical Double Resonance Spectroscopy of the LiD state." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44417376454094080859.
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林維洲. "The Optical-Optical Double Resonance Spectroscopy of the 7LiHC1Σ+state." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60846138140821094536.
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Lai, Shih-ying, and 賴世穎. "Optical-optical double resonance spectroscopy of photo-generated CN radicals." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77457848336010232606.
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碩士國立中山大學
化學系研究所
101
The optical-optical double resonance spectroscopic technique was employed to investigate CN photofragments from ICN photodissociation at 266 nm. The electronic spectroscopy (B ← A ← X) of CN radicals was studied in this thesis. The double resonance experiments were executed in a flow cell with 5 mTorr ICN at 298K and the photodissociation light source was generated from the fourth harmonic output of a Nd: YAG laser. The ground state CN radicals were probed by a double resonance excitation scheme and the fluorescence emissions were measured by a photomultiplier detector. Fluorescence signals were registered by a boxcar integrator and the excitation spectra could be obtained in a straightforward fashion. From the experimental results and spectroscopic theories, the rotational constant of A state CN can be determined.
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Fritzsch, Felix. "Resonance-Assisted Tunneling in Deformed Optical Microdisks." 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70987.
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The characteristics of optical modes in whispering-gallery cavities crucially depend on the underlying classical ray dynamics as they are subject to dynamical tunneling. In particular, classical nonlinear resonances lead to the hybridization of whispering-gallery modes spoiling their quality factors and decreasing their lifetimes via resonance-assisted tunneling. In this thesis we present an intuitive semiclassical description of resonance-assisted tunneling in deformed optical microdisks whose classical ray dynamics exhibits a mixed phase space. We find good agreement between semiclassically obtained decay rates of whispering-gallery modes and numerical solutions of the mode equation computed with the boundary element method. Moreover, we extend a perturbative description for weakly deformed microdisks with near-integrable ray dynamics to larger deformations and mixed phase spaces. This yields an accurate description of decay rates and of the near-field intensity distributions. Our approach is based on the approximation of the actual ray dynamics by an integrable Hamiltonian constructed in adiabatic action-angle coordinates. This allows for semiclassical quantization in order to determine the wave numbers of whispering-gallery modes as well as for a ray based description of their decay. The resonance-assisted coupling between individual modes is determined either perturbatively or semiclassically in terms of complex paths.Flüstergaleriemoden in optischen Resonatoren zeigen dynamische Tunnelprozesse, welche maßgeblich von der zugrundeliegenden klassischen Strahlendynamik abhängen. Die Lebenszeit und die daraus resultierenden Gütefaktoren dieser Moden werden durch klassische nichtlineare Resonanzen und den Effekt des resonanzunterstützten Tunnelns verringert. Hierfür entwickeln wir eine intuitive semiklassische Beschreibung für den Fall deformierter optischer Kreiskavitäten, deren klassische Strahlendynamik einen gemischten Phasenraum aufweist. Die semiklassisch berechneten Zerfallsraten stimmen gut mit den numerischen Lösungen der Maxwell-Gleichungen, welche unter Nutzung der Randelementmethode ermittelt werden, überein. Darüber hinaus erweitern wir den Anwendungsbereich einer störungstheoretische Beschreibung von schwach deformierten Kavitäten hin zu größeren Deformationen. Dies ermöglicht nicht nur eine akkurate Vorhersage von Zerfallsraten, sondern auch die Beschreibung der Intensitätsverteilung von optischen Moden im Nahfeld. Unsere Methode basiert auf der Konstruktion von adiabatischen Winkel-Wirkungskoordinaten und der Approximation der Strahlendynamik durch ein integrables Hamiltonsches System. Mittels semiklassischer Quantisierung bestimmen wir damit die Wellenzahlen von Flüstergaleriemoden, deren Lebenszeit ferner durch ein strahlenbasiertes Modell beschrieben wird. Wir bestimmen die resonanzunterstützte Kopplung zwischen einzelnen solcher Moden sowohl mittels Störungstheorie als auch mittels klassischer komplexer Trajektorien.
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Wu, Hui-Wen, and 吳惠雯. "Optical-Optical Double Resonance Spectroscopy of the Na2 21Dg and 31Pg States." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06339554045324612831.
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碩士國立成功大學
化學系碩博士班
91
Using the optical-optical double resonance spectroscopy (OODR) technique, two Rydberg electronic states with gerade-parity of Na2 were observed. Na2 molecules were pumped from the X1Sg+ state to the intermediate B1Pu state by an Ar+ laser. Then, the Ti-sapphire laser further excites molecules from the intermediate B1Pu state to the higher excited states. The transitions can be described as: B1Pu(v’, J’) X1Sg+ (v”, J”) + hn1 21Dg(v, J) or 31Pg(v, J) B1Pu(v’, J’) + hn2 The triplet Rydberg states, such as 23Pg, 33Pg or 3Sg+, were populated via collision energy transfer from 21Dg or 31Pg states. The fluorescence from triplet electronic states to a3Σg+ state was monitored by a filtered- PMT. The 21Dg state is experimentally observed by OODR method for the first time. We have observed 582 rovibrational levels with the vibrational and rotational quantum in the range of 0≦v≦28 and 11≦J≦99, respectively. The vibrational quamtum nunber assignment was confired by the comparison of excitation intensities and result fluorescence with the calculated Franck-Condon factors (FCF) between the 21Dg and B1Pu states. The Dunham coefficients and RKR potential energy curve were determined in this study. In the meanwhile, we also observed 246 rovibrational levels, including 27 vibrational levels of the 31Pg state. The Dunham coefficients were determined for higher range of rotational quantum, 11≦J≦99, and the RKR potential energy curve were constructed.