Relevant bibliographies by topics / Optical radar Observations

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Optical radar Observations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Optical radar Observations"

1

Ogawa, T. "Radar observations of ionospheric irregularities at Syowa Station, Antarctica: a brief overview." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 12 (December 31, 1996): 1454–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-1454-z.

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Abstract. We briefly overview the radar observations that have been made for 30 years at Syowa Station, Antarctica for studying small-scale electron-density irregularities in the southern high-latitude E- and F-region ionosphere. Some observational results (i.e., long-term variations of radio aurora, Doppler spectra with narrow spectral widths and low Doppler velocities, and simultaneous observations of radar and optical auroras) from VHF radars capable of detecting 1.3- to 3-m scale irregularities are presented. A new 50-MHz radar system equipped with phased-antenna arrays began operation in February 1995 to observe two-dimensional behaviours of E-region irregularities. An HF radar experiment also began in February 1995 to explore decameter-scale E- and F-region irregularities in the auroral zone and polar cap. These two radars will contribute to a better understanding of the ionospheric irregularities and ionospheric physics at southern high latitudes.
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Huyan, Zongbo, Yu Jiang, Hengnian Li, Pengbin Ma, and Dapeng Zhang. "Bistatic Radar Observations Correlation of LEO Satellites Considering J2 Perturbation." Mathematics 10, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 2197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10132197.

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Space debris near Earth severely interferes with the development of space, and cataloging space objects is increasingly important. Since optical telescopes and radars used to detect space debris only provide short-arc observations, mathematical algorithms are needed to solve problems in the correlation of observations. In this work, an efficient mathematical algorithm based on J2 analytic solutions is put forward. Initial orbit determination (IOD) serves as the starter and orbit determination (OD) with the weighted least-squares method (WLSM) is used to improve the accuracy of the estimated orbit. Meanwhile, the effect of the weight of different observation types is analyzed. The correlation criteria for bistatic radar observations are accordingly developed. Lastly, the variation in and evolution of the error of bistatic radar ranging are discussed.
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Brosch, N., D. Polishook, R. Helled, S. Schijvarg, and M. Rosenkrantz. "Radar and optical leonids." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 2 (March 9, 2004): 1425–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-1425-2004.

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Abstract. We present joint optical-radar observations of meteors collected near the peak of the leonid activity in 2002. We show four examples of joint detections with a large, phased array L-band radar and with intensified video cameras. The general characteristic of the radar-detected optical meteors is that they show the radar detection below the termination of the optical meteor. Therefore, at least some radar events associated with meteor activity are neither head echoes nor trail echoes, but probably indicate the formation of "charged clouds" after the visual meteor is extinguished.
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Brosch, N., D. Polishook, R. Helled, S. Schijvarg, and M. Rosenkrantz. "Radar and optical leonids." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, no. 4 (July 6, 2004): 1063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-1063-2004.

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Abstract. We present joint optical-radar observations of meteors collected near the peak of the Leonid activity in 2002. We show four examples of joint detections with a large, phased array L-band radar and with intensified video cameras. The general characteristic of the radar-detected optical meteors is that they show the radar detection below the termination of the optical meteor. Therefore, at least some radar events associated with meteor activity are neither head echoes nor trail echoes, but probably indicate the formation of "charged clouds" after the visual meteor is extinguished.
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Mann, Ingrid, Asta Pellinen-Wannberg, and Anders Tjulin. "Meteor studies applying incoherent scatter radar instruments." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314005353.

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AbstractOne of the interesting aspects of optical meteor studies is that the spectral composition of the brightness reveals information about the element composition of the solid particles that enter Earthfs atmosphere from interplanetary space. Deriving composition from optical spectra requires understanding the entry process during which the entering solid interacts with atmospheric species. This is especially so, because most meteors are observed at altitudes where the mean free path changes from tens of meters to millimeters, that is in the 120 km to 80 km altitude range within the atmosphere. The ionization that causes optical emission also reflects radio waves, so that meteors are observed with different kinds of radar instruments. Incoherent scatter radar facilities are in particular designed to study the upper atmosphere by using the backscattering from free electrons and are basically High Power Large Aperture radars. During the past 15 years they have been increasingly used for meteor studies. The phased-array incoherent scatter radars that are currently under development, such as the planned EISCAT-3Dsystem in northern Scandinavia, will further improve the spatial and time resolution of radar observations and will allow simultaneous measurements of the meteors and of the parameters of the surrounding ionosphere. Radar backscattering is also sensitive to objects that are smaller than those detected optically, so that the observations also permit studying the extension of the meteoroid size distribution to smaller sizes. In this presentation we consider the possibilities for measurements with the future EISCAT-3D as a new path of studying the physics of meteor phenomena with high accuracy.
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Cline, Don, Simon Yueh, Bruce Chapman, Boba Stankov, Al Gasiewski, Dallas Masters, Kelly Elder, et al. "NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX 2002/03): Airborne Remote Sensing." Journal of Hydrometeorology 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jhm883.1.

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Abstract This paper describes the airborne data collected during the 2002 and 2003 Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX). These data include gamma radiation observations, multi- and hyperspectral optical imaging, optical altimetry, and passive and active microwave observations of the test areas. The gamma observations were collected with the NOAA/National Weather Service Gamma Radiation Detection System (GAMMA). The CLPX multispectral optical data consist of very high-resolution color-infrared orthoimagery of the intensive study areas (ISAs) by TerrainVision. The airborne hyperspectral optical data consist of observations from the NASA Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). Optical altimetry measurements were collected using airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) by TerrainVision. The active microwave data include radar observations from the NASA Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Polarimetric Ku-band Scatterometer (POLSCAT), and airborne GPS bistatic radar data collected with the NASA GPS radar delay mapping receiver (DMR). The passive microwave data consist of observations collected with the NOAA Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR). All of the airborne datasets described here and more information describing data collection and processing are available online.
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Maki, Masayuki, Masato Iguchi, Takeshi Maesaka, Takahiro Miwa, Toshikazu Tanada, Tomofumi Kozono, Tatsuya Momotani, Akihiko Yamaji, and Ikuya Kakimoto. "Preliminary Results of Weather Radar Observations of Sakurajima Volcanic Smoke." Journal of Disaster Research 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2016.p0015.

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Preliminary results of quantitative analysis of volcanic ash clouds observed over the Sakurajima volcano in Kagoshima, Japan, were obtained by using weather radar and surface instruments. The Ka-band Doppler radar observations showed the inner structure of a volcanic ash column every two minutes after an eruption. Operational X-band polarimetric radar provides information on three-dimensional ash fall amount distribution. The terminal fall velocity of ash particles was studied by using optical disdrometers, together with the main specifications of observation instruments.
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Safargaleev, V., A. Kozlovsky, T. Sergienko, T. K. Yeoman, M. Uspensky, D. M. Wright, H. Nilsson, T. Turunen, and A. Kotikov. "Optical, radar, and magnetic observations of magnetosheath plasma capture during a positive IMF <I>B<sub>z</sub></I> impulse." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 3 (March 26, 2008): 517–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-517-2008.

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Abstract. We present a multi-instrument study of the ionospheric response to a northward turning of the IMF. The observations were made in the near-noon (11:00 MLT) sector on Svalbard (at 75° MLAT). The data set includes auroral observations, ionospheric flows obtained from the EISCAT and CUTLASS radars, the spectral width of the HF radar backscatter, particle precipitation and plasma flow data from the DMSP F13 satellite, and Pc1 frequency band pulsations observed by induction magnetometers. Careful collocation of all the observations has been made with the HF radar backscatter located by a ray-tracing procedure utilizing the elevation angle of arrival of the signals and an ionospheric plasma density profile. Prior to IMF turning northward, three auroral arcs were observed at the poleward boundary of the closed llbl, inside the llbl, and in the equatorward part of the llbl, respectively. The northward IMF turning was accompanied by enhanced HF radar returns with a broad Doppler spectrum collocated with the arcs. The auroral arcs shifted poleward whereas the backscatter region moved in the opposite direction, which is consistent, respectively, with reconnection beyond the cusp and the capturing of magnetosheath plasma during northward IMF. Locally, magnetic noise enhancement in the Pc1 frequency band occurred simultaneously with the anomalous radar backscatter, and the absence of such signals at more remote magnetic observatories indicates a local generation of the Pc1 turbulence, which is collocated with the radar backscatter. Finally, we discuss possible interpretation errors which may be caused by limited observational data.
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Sekar, R., D. Chakrabarty, R. Narayanan, S. Sripathi, A. K. Patra, and K. S. V. Subbarao. "Characterization of VHF radar observations associated with equatorial Spread F by narrow-band optical measurements." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 9 (September 23, 2004): 3129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3129-2004.

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Abstract. The VHF radars have been extensively used to investigate the structures and dynamics of equatorial Spread F (ESF) irregularities. However, unambiguous identification of the nature of the structures in terms of plasma depletion or enhancement requires another technique, as the return echo measured by VHF radar is proportional to the square of the electron density fluctuations. In order to address this issue, co-ordinated radar backscatter and thermospheric airglow intensity measurements were carried out during March 2003 from the MST radar site at Gadanki. Temporal variations of 630.0-nm and 777.4-nm emission intensities reveal small-scale ("micro") and large-scale ("macro") variations during the period of observation. The micro variations are absent on non-ESF nights while the macro variations are present on both ESF and non-ESF nights. In addition to the well-known anti-correlation between the base height of the F-region and the nocturnal variation of thermospheric airglow intensities, the variation of the base height of the F-layer, on occasion, is found to manifest as a bottomside wave-like structure, as seen by VHF radar on an ESF night. The micro variations in the airglow intensities are associated with large-scale irregular plasma structures and found to be in correspondence with the "plume" structures obtained by VHF radar. In addition to the commonly observed depletions with upward movement, the observation unequivocally reveals the presence of plasma enhancements which move downwards. The observation of enhancement in 777.4-nm airglow intensity, which is characterized as plasma enhancement, provides an experimental verification of the earlier prediction based on numerical modeling studies.
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Ostro, S. J. "Radar and Optical Observations of Asteroid 1998 KY26." Science 285, no. 5427 (July 23, 1999): 557–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.285.5427.557.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Optical radar Observations"

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Ward, Andrew Craig. "Modified convective models using wind, turbulence and dispersion information for an inland region with complex terrain : thesis." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1991. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35975/1/35975_Ward_1991.pdf.

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Four dispersion models have been investigated using data from a variety of sites. The models consisted of a standard Gaussian model, a Gaussian model modified for Australian conditions by the incorporation of empirical formulations for plume rise and spread, and two convective models. Comparison of the models' predictions with laboratory results suggested that the convective models generally were able to predict better the variation of concentration with distance and buoyancy. Residual analyses were used to examine model biases. A performance measure and a ranking procedure were developed in order to rank the predictive ability of the models. Improvements in the models were made by the incorporation of results from the examination of plume spread formulations, inversion interaction schemes, optimisation, and sensitivity analyses. A simple scheme was developed to assist in the choice of a model under particular meteorological and source conditions. Overall, the models which treated separately plume motion in updraughts and downdraughts were able to predict better the ground level concentration in a variety of conditions. Two simple slab models for predicting the depth of the convective boundary layer were compared with radiosonde and lidar measurements.
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Lane, Dallas W. "Signal processing methods for airborne lidar bathymetry." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensl265.pdf.

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"August 2001." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-80). Examines the susceptibility of existing signal processing methods to errors and identifies other possible causes of depth error not accounted for by existing signal processing methods, by analysis of the detected laser return waveform data. Methods to improve depth accuracy are investigated.
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Kozlovsky, Alexander. "Structure and dynamics of the magnetosphere inferred from radar and optical observations at high latitudes /." Oulu : Oulu university press, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410819360.

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Amazirh, Abdelhakim. "Monitoring crops water needs at high spatio-temporal resolution by synergy of optical/thermal and radar observations." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30101.

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L'optimisation de la gestion de l'eau en agriculture est essentielle dans les zones semi-arides afin de préserver les ressources en eau qui sont déjà faibles et erratiques dues à des actions humaines et au changement climatique. Cette thèse vise à utiliser la synergie des observations de télédétection multispectrales (données radar, optiques et thermiques) pour un suivi à haute résolution spatio-temporelle des besoins en eau des cultures. Dans ce contexte, différentes approches utilisant divers capteurs (Landsat-7/8, Sentinel-1 et MODIS) ont été developpées pour apporter une information sur l'humidité du sol (SM) et le stress hydrique des cultures à une échelle spatio-temporelle pertinente pour la gestion de l'irrigation. Ce travail va parfaitement dans le sens des objectifs du projet REC "Root zone soil moisture Estimates at the daily and agricultural parcel scales for Crop irrigation management and water use impact: a multi-sensor remote sensing approach" (http://rec.isardsat.com/) qui visent à estimer l'humidité du sol dans la zone racinaire (RZSM) afin d'optimiser la gestion de l'eau d'irrigation. Des approches innovantes et prometteuses sont mises en place pour estimer l'évapotranspiration (ET), RZSM, la température de surface du sol (LST) et le stress hydrique de la végétation à travers des indices de SM dérivés des observations multispectrales à haute résolution spatio-temporelle. Les méthodologies proposées reposent sur des méthodes basées sur l'imagerie, la modélisation du transfert radiatif et la modélisation du bilan hydrique et d'énergie et sont appliquées dans une région à climat semi-aride (centre du Maroc). Dans le cadre de ma thèse, trois axes ont été explorés. Dans le premier axe, un indice de RZSM dérivé de LST-Landsat est utilisé pour estimer l'ET sur des parcelles de blé et des sols nus. L'estimation par modélisation de ET a été explorée en utilisant l'équation de Penman-monteith modifiée obtenue en introduisant une relation empirique simple entre la résistance de surface (rc) et l'indice de RZSM. Ce dernier est estimé à partir de la température de surface (LST) dérivée de Landsat, combinée avec les températures extrêmes (en conditions humides et sèches) simulée par un modèle de bilan d'énergie de surface piloté par le forçage météorologique et la fraction de couverture végétale dérivée de Landsat. La méthode utilisée est calibrée et validée sur deux parcelles de blé situées dans la même zone près de Marrakech au Maroc. Dans l'axe suivant, une méthode permettant de récupérer la SM de la surface (0-5 cm) à une résolution spatiale et temporelle élevée est développée à partir d'une synergie entre données radar (Sentinel-1) et thermique (Landsat) et en utilisant un modèle de bilan d'énergie du sol. L'approche développée a été validée sur des parcelles agricoles en sol nu et elle donne une estimation précise de la SM avec une différence quadratique moyenne en comparant à la SM in situ, égale à 0,03 m3 m-3. Dans le dernier axe, une nouvelle méthode est développée pour désagréger la MODIS LST de 1 km à 100 m de résolution en intégrant le SM proche de la surface dérivée des données radar Sentinel-1 et l'indice de végétation optique dérivé des observations Landsat. Le nouvel algorithme, qui inclut la rétrodiffusion S-1 en tant qu'entrée dans la désagrégation, produit des résultats plus stables et robustes au cours de l'année sélectionnée. Dont, 3,35 °C était le RMSE le plus bas et 0,75 le coefficient de corrélation le plus élevé évalués en utilisant le nouvel algorithme
Optimizing water management in agriculture is essential over semi-arid areas in order to preserve water resources which are already low and erratic due to human actions and climate change. This thesis aims to use the synergy of multispectral remote sensing observations (radar, optical and thermal data) for high spatio-temporal resolution monitoring of crops water needs. In this context, different approaches using various sensors (Landsat-7/8, Sentinel-1 and MODIS) have been developed to provide information on the crop Soil Moisture (SM) and water stress at a spatio-temporal scale relevant to irrigation management. This work fits well the REC "Root zone soil moisture Estimates at the daily and agricultural parcel scales for Crop irrigation management and water use impact: a multi-sensor remote sensing approach" (http://rec.isardsat.com/) project objectives, which aim to estimate the Root Zone Soil Moisture (RZSM) for optimizing the management of irrigation water. Innovative and promising approaches are set up to estimate evapotranspiration (ET), RZSM, land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation water stress through SM indices derived from multispectral observations with high spatio-temporal resolution. The proposed methodologies rely on image-based methods, radiative transfer modelling and water and energy balance modelling and are applied in a semi-arid climate region (central Morocco). In the frame of my PhD thesis, three axes have been investigated. In the first axis, a Landsat LST-derived RZSM index is used to estimate the ET over wheat parcels and bare soil. The ET modelling estimation is explored using a modified Penman-Monteith equation obtained by introducing a simple empirical relationship between surface resistance (rc) and a RZSM index. The later is estimated from Landsat-derived land surface temperature (LST) combined with the LST endmembers (in wet and dry conditions) simulated by a surface energy balance model driven by meteorological forcing and Landsat-derived fractional vegetation cover. The investigated method is calibrated and validated over two wheat parcels located in the same area near Marrakech City in Morocco. In the next axis, a method to retrieve near surface (0-5 cm) SM at high spatial and temporal resolution is developed from a synergy between radar (Sentinel-1) and thermal (Landsat) data and by using a soil energy balance model. The developed approach is validated over bare soil agricultural fields and gives an accurate estimates of near surface SM with a root mean square difference compared to in situ SM equal to 0.03 m3 m-3. In the final axis a new method is developed to disaggregate the 1 km resolution MODIS LST at 100 m resolution by integrating the near surface SM derived from Sentinel-1 radar data and the optical-vegetation index derived from Landsat observations. The new algorithm including the S-1 backscatter as input to the disaggregation, produces more stable and robust results during the selected year. Where, 3.35 °C and 0.75 were the lowest RMSE and the highest correlation coefficient assessed using the new algorithm
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Woithe, Jonathan Mark. "Optical studies of the mesospheric region." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw847.pdf.

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Includes copies of articles co-authored by the author during the preparation of this thesis. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-245). A three-field photometer was employed at the University of Adelaide's Buckland Park field site to collect optical observations of the 557.7nm OI and 730nm OH airglow emissions on an almost continuous basis since May 1995 to May 2000, with observations made whenever the moon was not up.
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Taniguchi, Kyoko. "Characterization of water vapor within the planetary boundary layer based on the ARM raman lidar observation at the SGP site." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1445054161&sid=18&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Gottardi, Beatrice. "Automatic methods for crop classification by merging satellite radar (sentinel 1) and optical (sentinel 2) . data and artificial intelligence analysis." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20635/.

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Land use and land cover maps can support our understanding of coupled human- environment systems and provide important information for environmental modelling and water resource management. Satellite data are a valuable source for land use and land cover mapping. However, cloud-free or weather independent data are necessary to map cloud-prone regions. Merging radar with optical images would increase the accuracy of the study. Agricultural land cover is characterized by strong variations within relatively short time intervals. These dynamics are challenging for land cover classifications on the one hand, but deliver crucial information that can be used to improve the machine learning classifier’s performance on the other hand. A parcel-based map of the main crop classes of the Netherlands was produced implementing a script on GEE and using Copernicus data. The machine-learning model used is a Random Forest Classifier. This was done by combining time series of radar and multispectral images from Sentinel 1 and Sentinel 2 satellites, respectively. The results show the potential of providing useful information delivered by entirely open source data and uses a cloud computing-based approach. The algorithm combines the two satellites data of one year in a multibands image to feed in the classifier. Standard deviation and several vegetation indexes were added in order to have more variables for each 15-day-median image composite. The process paid particular attention to time variability of mean values of each field. This will provide useful information both for understanding differences among crops and variability over the phenology of the plant. The accuracy assessment demonstrates that several crop types (i.e. corn, tulip) can be better classified with both radar and optical images while others (i.e. sugar beet, barley) have an increased accuracy with only radar. The overall accuracy of RFC with optical and radar is 76% while it is 74% if only radar is used.
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Einfalt, Thomas. "Recherche d'une methode optimale de prevision de pluie par radar en hydrologie urbaine." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENPCA007.

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Cette these a pour objet le premier developpement d'une methode de prevision de pluie par radar adaptee aux objectifs de l'hydrologie urbaine. Une revue des travaux effectues sur la prevision de pluie dans les vingt dernieres annees a ete accomplie. Les algorithmes prometteurs utilises dans les etudes precedentes ont ete selectionnes et ameliores en vue des objectifs de l'application envisagee: - concentration sur les fortes pluies; temps de calcul inferieur a 60 secondes sur mini-ordinateur; controle de qualite de la prevision. De cette analyse a emerge une nouvelle methode de prevision. Une comparaison detaillee sur 94 images radar et une comparaison globale sur 1068 images ont montre la fiabilite de la methode pour la prevision hydrologique. La pluie la plus importante de ces quatre dernieres annees en region parisienne a ete etudiee particulierement. De plus, deux parametres lies seulement a la structure de l'image, peuvent servir d'indice de fiabilite, calculable a priori, de chaque prevision. Finalement, la methode a ete implantee sur les ordinateurs du service departement d'assainissement de seine-saint-denis
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Einfalt, Thomas. "Recherche d'une méthode optimale de prévision de pluie par radar en hydrologie urbaine." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520784.

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Cette thèse a pour objet le premier développement d'une méthode de prévision de pluie par radar adaptée aux objectifs de l'hydrologie urbaine. Une revue des travaux effectués sur la prévision de pluie dans les vingt dernières années a été accomplie. Les algorithmes prometteurs utilisés dans les études précédentes ont été sélectionnés et améliorés en vue des objectifs de l'application envisagée : - concentration sur les fortes pluies ; temps de calcul inférieur a 60 secondes sur mini-ordinateur ; contrôle de qualité de la prévision. De cette analyse a émergé une nouvelle méthode de prévision. Une comparaison détaillée sur 94 images radar et une comparaison globale sur 1068 images ont montré la fiabilité de la méthode pour la prévision hydrologique. La pluie la plus importante de ces quatre dernières années en région parisienne a été étudiée particulièrement. De plus, deux paramètres liés seulement à la structure de l'image, peuvent servir d'indice de fiabilité, calculable a priori, de chaque prévision. Finalement, la méthode a été implantée sur les ordinateurs du service d'assainissement de Seine-Saint-Denis.
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Lane, Dallas W. "Signal processing methods for airborne lidar bathymetry." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/122417.

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Examines the susceptibility of existing signal processing methods to errors and identifies other possible causes of depth error not accounted for by existing signal processing methods, by analysis of the detected laser return waveform data. Methods to improve depth accuracy are investigated.
Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2002?
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Books on the topic "Optical radar Observations"

1

Spinhirne, J. D. ER-2 lidar observations from the October 1986 FIRE cirrus experiment. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1989.

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Spinhirne, J. D. ER-2 lidar observations from the October 1986 FIRE cirrus experiment. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1989.

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Eberhard, W. L. Lidar observations of stratospheric aerosols in 1988 at Boulder, Colorado. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1989.

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Eberhard, Wynn. Lidar observations of stratospheric aerosols in 1988 at Boulder, Colorado. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, 1989.

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Jun, Zhou. Lidar observations of the stratospheric aerosol: Boulder, Colorado, 1985 to 1987. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Wave Propagation Laboratory, 1989.

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Chou, Chumlun. Lidar observations of the stratospheric aerosol: Boulder, Colorado, 1985 to 1987. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Wave Propagation Laboratory, 1989.

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Zakharov, V. M. Lidary i issledovanie klimata. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1990.

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International Laser Radar Conference (24th 2008 Boulder, Colo.). Reviewed and revised papers presented at the 24th International Laser Radar Conference: Boulder, Colorado, 23-27 June 2008. [United States]: International Laser Radar Conference, 2008.

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International Laser Radar Conference (24th 2008 Boulder, Colo.). Reviewed and revised papers presented at the 24th International Laser Radar Conference: Boulder, Colorado, 23-27 June 2008. [United States]: International Laser Radar Conference, 2008.

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International, Laser Radar Conference (13th 1986 Toronto Ont ). Thirteenth International Laser Radar Conference: Abstracts of papers presented at the conference. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Optical radar Observations"

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Hysell, David L., Tatsuhiro Yokoyama, Elnana Nossa, Russell B. Hedden, Miguel F. Larsen, John Munro, Steven Smith, Michael P. Sulzer, and Sixto A. González. "Radar and Optical Observations of Irregular Midlatitude Sporadic E Layers Beneath MSTIDs." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 269–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_19.

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Brown, P., M. D. Campbell, K. J. Ellis, R. L. Hawkes, J. Jones, P. Gural, D. Babcock, et al. "Global Ground-Based Electro-Optical and Radar Observations of the 1999 Leonid Shower: First Results." In Leonid Storm Research, 167–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2071-7_13.

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Lausch, Angela, Marco Heurich, Paul Magdon, Duccio Rocchini, Karsten Schulz, Jan Bumberger, and Doug J. King. "A Range of Earth Observation Techniques for Assessing Plant Diversity." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 309–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_13.

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AbstractVegetation diversity and health is multidimensional and only partially understood due to its complexity. So far there is no single monitoring approach that can sufficiently assess and predict vegetation health and resilience. To gain a better understanding of the different remote sensing (RS) approaches that are available, this chapter reviews the range of Earth observation (EO) platforms, sensors, and techniques for assessing vegetation diversity. Platforms include close-range EO platforms, spectral laboratories, plant phenomics facilities, ecotrons, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), towers, air- and spaceborne EO platforms, and unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Sensors include spectrometers, optical imaging systems, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and radar. Applications and approaches to vegetation diversity modeling and mapping with air- and spaceborne EO data are also presented. The chapter concludes with recommendations for the future direction of monitoring vegetation diversity using RS.
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Liou, K. N., and Y. Gu. "Radiative Transfer in Cirrus Clouds: Light Scatting and Spectral Information." In Cirrus. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195130720.003.0017.

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The importance of cirrus clouds in climate has been recognized in the light of a number of intensive composite field observations: the First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) I in October-November 1986; FIRE II in November-December 1991; the European experiment on cirrus (ICE/EUCREX) in 1989; Subsonic Aircraft: Contrail and Cloud Effect Special Study (SUCCESS) in April 1996. Based on observations from the ground-based lidar and radar, airborne instrumentation, and satellites, cirrus clouds are typically located in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (Liou 1986). The formation, maintenance, and dissipation of cirrus clouds are directly associated with synoptic and mesoscale disturbances as well as related to deep cumulus outflows. Increases of high cloud cover have been reported at a number of urban airports in the United States based on surface observations spanning 40 years (Liou et al. 1990; Frankel et al. 1997). These increases have been attributed to the contrails and water vapor produced by jet airplane traffic. Satellite observations from NOAA polar-orbiting High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) using the CO2 slicing method (Wylie et al. 1994) also show that cirrus cloud cover substantially increased between 60° S and 60° N during a 4-year period from June 1989 to September 1993. Understanding the role of cirrus clouds in climate must begin with reliable modeling of their radiative properties for incorporation in climate models as well as determination of the global variability of their composition, structure, and optical properties. Development of the remote sensing methodologies for the detection and retrieval of the ubiquitous visible and subvisual cirrus clouds requires the basic scattering, absorption, and polarization data for ice crystals in conjunction with appropriate radiative transfer models. We present the fundamentals involving radiative transfer in cirrus clouds and review pertinent research. In section 13.1, an overview of the subject of light scattering by ice crystals is presented in which we discuss a unification of the geometric optics approach for large ice particles and the finite-difference time domain numerical solution for small ice particles, referred to as the unified theory. Section 13.2 presents radiative transfer in cirrus clouds involving two unique properties: orientation of nonspherical ice crystals and cloud inhomogeneity.
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"Geometric Optics Approximation to the Wave Equation." In Doppler Radar and Weather Observations, 518–19. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-221422-6.50020-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Optical radar Observations"

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Li, Yunlong, Peter Hoogeboom, and Herman Russchenberg. "Observations and modeling of fog by cloud radar and optical sensors." In 2014 European Radar Conference (EuRAD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurad.2014.6991322.

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Long, David G., Ivan S. Ashcraft, and Jeremy B. Luke. "Radar scatterometer observations of sastrugi on the great ice sheets." In Optical Science and Technology, SPIE's 48th Annual Meeting, edited by William L. Barnes. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.506291.

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Yunlong Li, Peter Hoogeboom, and Herman Russchenberg. "Observations and modeling of fog by cloud radar and optical sensors." In 2014 44th European Microwave Conference (EuMC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eumc.2014.6986814.

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Eaton, Frank D., Gregory D. Nastrom, Demos T. Kyrazis, Don G. Black, Wiley T. Black, and R. Alastair Black. "Preliminary VHF radar and high-data-rate optical turbulence profile observations using a balloon-ring platform." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Stephen M. Hammel, Alexander M. J. van Eijk, and Mikhail A. Vorontsov. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.827294.

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Ermakov, Stanislav, Ivan Kapustin, Irina Sergievskaya, and Jose da Silva. "Spreading of oil films on the sea surface: radar/optical observations and physical mechanisms." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Charles R. Bostater, Stelios P. Mertikas, and Xavier Neyt. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2195004.

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Bahrami, Hazhir, Saeid Homayouni, Masoud Mahdianpari, and Abdolreza Safari. "Ensemble Learning for Crop Monitoring from Multitemporal Optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar Earth Observations." In IGARSS 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9555121.

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Ermakov, S., I. Kapustin, and T. Lazareva. "Ship wake signatures in radar/optical images of the sea surface: observations and physical mechanisms." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Charles R. Bostater, Stelios P. Mertikas, and Xavier Neyt. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2067367.

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Dmitriev, A. V., T. N. Chimitdorzhiev, P. N. Dagurov, and I. I. Kirbizhekova. "Optical and microwave observation of forest restoration after abnormal fires." In Spatial Data Processing for Monitoring of Natural and Anthropogenic Processes 2021. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/sdm.2021.12.58.008.

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The paper discusses the possibility of a forest undergrowth detecting with help of polarimetric decompositions and time series analysis of ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 and Sentinel-1 radar images. The presented results show principal possibility of confidently identifying the growth of forest stands.
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Charlesworth, Peter D. "RAPTOR: radar plus thermal observation and recognition system." In SPIE's 1995 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Bjorn F. Andresen and Marija Strojnik. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.218291.

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Dodin, P., and P. Belanger. "Optimal observation trajectory of an active maneuvering radar." In 2005 7th International Conference on Information Fusion. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icif.2005.1591908.

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Reports on the topic "Optical radar Observations"

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Egeland, Alv, and Joeran Moen. Combined Svalbard EISCAT Radar and Optical Observation for Polar Cusp/Cap Research. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada388178.

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