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Journal articles on the topic 'Optical polarization and confocal laser microscopy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Turner, JN, DH Szarowski, DP Barnard, JS Deitch, JW Swann, and K. Smith. "Confocal laser scanned microscopy: Optimized reflection mode." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152689.

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Most biological applications of confocal laser scanned microscopy (CLSM) involve the use of selective stains. Some of these stains provide image contrast by reflecting more light than the background. Unfortunately, reflected light from internal optical surfaces can also reach the detector, and the resultant spurious signal be superimposed on the image. When the specimen signal approaches or is less than that of the internal reflections, image degradation results. Due to the low reflectivity of biological stains, this situation is common. The image signal is also reduced as a function of depth

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2

Lakkakorpi, J. T., and H. J. Rajaniemi. "Application of the immunofluorescence technique and confocal laser scanning microscopy for studying the distribution of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) receptor on rat luteal cells." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 39, no. 4 (1991): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/39.4.2005369.

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We used confocal scanning microscopy to study the semi-quantitative distribution of luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) receptors on rat luteal cells at both the two- and the three-dimensional level. The receptors were visualized in 6-microns sections of pseudopregnant rat ovaries using polyclonal rabbit antiserum to hCG-affinity-purified LH/CG receptor in conjunction with rhodamine-conjugated anti-rabbit immunoglobulins. Twenty to 30 optical sections were taken at different focal planes from representative luteal cells with a confocal laser scanning microscope and then processe

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3

Campagnola, P. J., and L. M. Loew. "Second Harmonic Generation Imaging (SHG) in the Non-Linear Optical Microscopy of Living Cells." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 414–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600022194.

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In recent years there has been considerable interest in two and three-photon excited fluorescence in laser scanning optical microscopy. Because absorption is confined tot he focal plane of the objective, these techniques provide intrinsic optical sectioning without the use of a confocal aperture. In addition, photobleaching and phototoxicity are greatly reduced above and below the focal plane. We have adapted a two-photon microscope to utilize surface second harmonic generation (SHG) as a new contrast mechanism for nonlinear optical biological imaging.Surface SHG was first described by Shen [1

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Gonzalez, Ana Maria, María Florencia Romero, and Héctor A. Sato. "Exploring Hidden Connections: Endophytic System and Flower Meristem Development of Pilostyles berteroi (Apodanthaceae) and Interaction with Its Host Adesmia trijuga (Fabaceae)." Plants 13, no. 21 (2024): 3010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13213010.

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Pilostyles, an endoparasitic genus within the Apodanthaceae family, grows inside host stems with flowers and fruits being the only external manifestations. Previous studies of P. berteroi growing on Adesmia trijuga provided limited details of the endophyte and omitted the origin of flowers and sinker structure. This study, using classical methods of optical microscopy applied to the analysis with scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, expands the understanding of the P. berteroi/A. trijuga complex. We find that P. berteroi develops isophasically with its host, for

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5

He, Yaling, Xiaomin Wang, Jie Hu, Qiang Zhou, and Hui Chen. "Effect of Cu content on exfoliation corrosion and electrochemical corrosion of A7N01 aluminum alloy in EXCO solution." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 16-19 (2017): 1744005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217440052.

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The exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) sensitivities and electrochemical corrosions of A7N01 aluminum (Al) alloys with 0.074% and 0.136% Cu contents were investigated in EXCO solution. The exfoliation corrosion developed more rapidly for the alloy with 0.136% Cu by expressing higher exfoliation rate and deeper corrosion pits as observed by SEM and laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM). In EXCO solution, the alloy with 0.136% Cu content showed lower open-circuit potential (OCP) than the alloy with 0.074% Cu content. The alloy with 0.136% Cu content had bigger “hysteresis loop” in cyclic polarizat

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YANG Lan, LIU Junming, HONG Lihong, LIU Liqiang, and LI Zhiyuan. "Spatial coherence analysis of an intense ultra-flat white laser." Acta Physica Sinica 74, no. 11 (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.74.20250373.

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White light is typically considered incoherent; however, the recently popular supercontinuum laser—also known as white laser—that spans the visible spectrum, features high laser intensity and good coherence, challenging this traditional limitation. The white laser has a wide range of applications, including multi-channel confocal microscopy, color holography, and white light interferometric surface topography. Although white lasers have been proposed and developed extensively in terms of technology, specific analyses of their optical wave properties—especially spatial coherence—are still lacki

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Stremplewski, Patrycjusz, Maciej Nowakowski, Dawid Borycki, and Maciej Wojtkowski. "Fast method of speckle suppression for reflection phase microscopy." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 4 (2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i4.850.

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Light propagating in turbid medium is randomly altered by optical inhomogeneities, which not only change the momentum and polarization of light but also generate a speckle pattern. All these effects strongly limit capabilities of laser based, quantitative phase–sensitive optical biomedical imaging modalities by hindering a reconstruction of phase distribution. Here we introduce the method of rapid incident light modulation, which allows to suppress speckle noise and preserve the spatial phase distribution. We implement this approach in the full-field Michelson interferometer, where the inciden

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Zhang, Shudi, Linkun Liu, Yuheng Xu, Quanda Lei, Jiahui Bing, and Tao Zhang. "Research on the Corrosion Resistance of an Epoxy Resin-Based Self-Healing Propylene Glycol-Loaded Ethyl Cellulose Microcapsule Coating." Coatings 13, no. 9 (2023): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13091514.

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In this work, ethyl cellulose was used as a wall material, propanetriol as a core material, polyvinyl alcohol as a stabilizer and gelatin as an emulsifier. Self-healing microcapsules with a slow-release effect were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. Various analytical techniques, such as 3D confocal microscopy (LCSM), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermal weight loss analysis (TGA), laser particle size tester and electrochemical impedance polarization, are utilized. The morphology, d

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Xie, Xiang, Ju Tan, Dangheng Wei, et al. "In vitro and in vivo investigations on the effects of low-density lipoprotein concentration polarization and haemodynamics on atherosclerotic localization in rabbit and zebrafish." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 82 (2013): 20121053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.1053.

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Atherosclerosis (AS) commonly occurs in the regions of the arterial tree with haemodynamic peculiarities, including local flow field disturbances, and formation of swirling flow and vortices. The aim of our study was to confirm low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration polarization in the vascular system in vitro and in vivo , and investigate the effects of LDL concentration polarization and flow field alterations on atherosclerotic localization. Red fluorescent LDL was injected into optically transparent Flk1: GFP zebrafish embryos, and the LDL distribution in the vascular lumen was investi

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Zlotnikov, Igor D., Alexander A. Ezhov, Natalia I. Kolganova, Dmitry Yurievich Ovsyannikov, Natalya G. Belogurova, and Elena V. Kudryashova. "Optical Methods for Determining the Phagocytic Activity Profile of CD206-Positive Macrophages Extracted from Bronchoalveolar Lavage by Specific Mannosylated Polymeric Ligands." Polymers 17, no. 1 (2024): 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17010065.

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Macrophage (Mph) polarization and functional activity play an important role in the development of inflammatory lung conditions. The previously widely used bimodal classification of Mph into M1 and M2 does not adequately reflect the full range of changes in polarization and functional diversity observed in Mph in response to various stimuli and disease states. Here, we have developed a model for the direct assessment of Mph from bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) functional alterations, in terms of phagocytosis activity, depending on external stimuli, such as exposure to a range of bacteri

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Łosiewicz, Bożena, Patrycja Osak, Joanna Maszybrocka, Julian Kubisztal, and Sebastian Stach. "Effect of Autoclaving Time on Corrosion Resistance of Sandblasted Ti G4 in Artificial Saliva." Materials 13, no. 18 (2020): 4154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184154.

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Titanium Grade 4 (Ti G4) is the most commonly used material for dental implants due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability and biocompatibility. A thin, self-passive oxide layer with protective properties to corrosion is formed on its surface. However, the spontaneous TiO2 layer is chemically unstable. In this work, the impact of autoclaving time on corrosion resistance of Ti G4 in artificial saliva solution with pH = 7.4 at 37 °C was studied. Ti G4 was sandblasted with white Al2O3 particles and autoclaved for 30–120 min. SEM, EDS, 2D roughness profiles, confocal laser scan

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Liu, Zhenyu, Ying Du, Rongfu Zhou, Bing Chen, and Peipei Xu. "A Novel Engineering Platelet Platform Target the Macrophages to Inhibit Cytokine Storm in Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 1146. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-206792.

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Introduction: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe hematologic disorder characterized by abnormally increased macrophage activity due to abnormal immunoregulation. Etoposide (VP16) is the first-line drug for treating HLH, but its therapeutic effect is still unsatisfactory. The team's previous experiments showed that platelets (PLTs) with surface-associated anti-CD41 can be efficiently recognized and phagocytosed by macrophages. Therefore, we proposed to design and construct anti-CD41-PLT-VP16, a novel engineering platelet platform that can precisely target the abnormal macropha

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Ohkubo, Shinya. "Development of Birefringence Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope and its Application to Sample Measurements." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 31, no. 6 (2019): 926–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2019.p0926.

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A new laser microscope is developed to obtain depth-direction birefringence information of optically anisotropic samples, which cannot be obtained by a conventional polarization microscope. As a result, birefringence tomographic images are now available and the method should be helpful for sample evaluations.

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14

Steinbach, Gábor, István Pomozi, Ottó Zsiros, László Menczel, and Győző Garab. "Imaging anisotropy using differential polarization laser scanning confocal microscopy." Acta Histochemica 111, no. 4 (2009): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2008.11.021.

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15

Shingledecker, John, John Siefert, Daniel Purdy, Jonathan Tedesco, and Andrew Szafarczyk. "Advantages of 3D Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy." AM&P Technical Articles 174, no. 10 (2016): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2016-10.p022.

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Abstract 3D laser microscopy is opening new areas of study for metallic alloys and coatings in power generation applications. This article describes some case studies where laser microscopy has augmented, and in some cases replaced, metallic alloy characterization using optical microscopy or scanning electron microscopy.

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16

McMillan, William. "Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy for Materials Science." Microscopy Today 6, no. 5 (1998): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500067791.

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Confocal microscopy has gained great popularity in biology and medical research because of the ability to image three-dimensional objects at greater resolution than conventional optical microscopes. In a typical Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM), the specimen stage is stepped up or down to collect a series of two-dimensional images (or slices) at each focal plane. Conventional light microscopes create images with a depth of field, at high power, of 2 to 3 μm. The depth of field of confocal microscopes ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 μm, which allows information to be collected from a well defin

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17

Cui, Zhiying, Yi Xing, Yunbo Chen, et al. "Real-Time Resolution Enhancement of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy via Deep Learning." Photonics 11, no. 10 (2024): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11100983.

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Confocal laser scanning microscopy is one of the most widely used tools for high-resolution imaging of biological cells. However, the imaging resolution of conventional confocal technology is limited by diffraction, and more complex optical principles and expensive optical-mechanical structures are usually required to improve the resolution. This study proposed a deep residual neural network algorithm that can effectively improve the imaging resolution of the confocal microscopy in real time. The reliability and real-time performance of the algorithm were verified through imaging experiments o

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18

Turner, JN, DP Barnard, DH Szarowski, JW Swann, and K. Smith. "Confocal laser scanned microscopy: Analog preprocessing." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152720.

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Confocal laser scanned images often have such a large dynamic range that interpretation is hampered. We employed analog preprocessing to overcome this limitation, using a homomorphic filter and a differentiator. Individual neurons in thick brain slices were injected with a fluorescent dye, and imaged as test objects. The dye density varied for different subcellular regions, and the specimen acted as an attenuater as a function of depth. Thus, each “optical section” had a large signal range that was extreme when the sections were stack to form projections or stereo pairs. Images of either the f

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19

Cheng, P. C., S. J. Pan, A. Shih, et al. "Two-Photon Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 847–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600011120.

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Two-photon fluorescence microscopy has become an important research tool in both biological and material sciences. The technique uses long wavelength, typically in the near IR, as the excitation light to obtain shorter wavelength fluorescence (e.g. visible light). Because of the low linear absorption coefficient of most biological and polymeric specimens, this technique allows deeper penetration of the excitation beam, achieving optical sectioning to a depth of 250μm or more into the specimen. As a result of the quadratic dependency of the two-photon induced fluorescence to the excitation inte

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20

Clark Brelje, T., and Robert L. Sorenson. "Multi-color laser scanning confocal microscopy with a krypton/argon ion laser." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 406–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100086337.

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Fluorescence is presently the most important imaging mode in biological confocal microscopy. The optical properties of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) are particularly favorable for fluorescence microscopy since the generally high signal-to-background ratio is enhanced by LSCM by rejecting out-of-focus fluorescent emissions. In addition, this improved imaging capability along the optical (z-)axis allows the optical sectioning of specimens by adjusting the plane of focus. This removes one of the most severe limitations of convential fluorescence microscopy, the necessity to examine mo

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21

M. SHOTTON, DAVID. "Confocal scanning optical microscopy and its applications for biological specimens." Journal of Cell Science 94, no. 2 (1989): 175–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.94.2.175.

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Confocal scanning optical microscopy (CSOM) is a new optical microscopic technique, which offers significant advantages over conventional microscopy. In laser scanning optical microscopy (SOM), the specimen is scanned by a diffractionlimited spot of laser light, and light transmitted or reflected by the in-focus illuminated volume element (voxel) of the specimen, or the fluorescence emission excited within it by the incident light, is focused onto a photodetector. As the illuminating spot is scanned over the specimen, the electrical output from this detector is displayed at the appropriate spa

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Lemasters, John J. "Confocal microscopy of single living cells." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 792–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100140336.

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The advent of laser scanning confocal microscopy solves the dilemma of studying thick specimens with optical microscopy by creating optical slices less than 1 μm in thickness. Increasingly, confocal microscopy is an essential analytical tool for studying the structure and physiology of living cells. Because confocal microscopy collects light from only a fraction of the specimen volume, greater illumination is required. Consequently, photodamage and photobleaching are greater considerations, especially for study for living cells where repeated measurements over time are desired. To minimize pho

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23

Meixner, Alfred J., Frank Wackenhut, Lukasz Piatkowski, and Jacek Waluk. "(Digital Presentation) Monitoring and Controlling Tautomerization in Phthalocyanines, Porphyrines and Porphycenes By Optical Single-Molecule Imaging and Spectroscopy." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 14 (2022): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0114954mtgabs.

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Tautomerization is an intramolecular chemical reaction defined as structural interconversion of a molecule between two isomers separated by a low energy barrier. Tautomerization in free base phthalocyanines, porphyrins or porphycenes has fascinated and attracted chemists and physicists alike over the last decades for its fundamental importance in various chemical and biological systems and many applications in technology [1,2]. Particularly interesting is the reaction rate which can range over orders of magnitude depending on the temperature and the local environment. In solution, this reactio

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Fujii, H., D. J. Wood, J. M. Papadimitriou, and M. H. Zheng. "Application of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy in Bone." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 02, no. 01 (1998): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957798000093.

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The optical sectioning method of confocal laser scanning microscopy provides higher resolution than standard light microscope techniques. The use of optical rather than physical sections for detailed histological analyses of bone obviates the need for either decalcification or complex plastic embedding processes which are required as a routine for the preparation of thin microtome sections. In this study we have used confocal laser scanning microscopy for the morphological analyses of fresh unembedding human cortical bone, bone allograft and bone cement interfaces. Our results have indicated t

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Zakharenko, Alexander Mikhailovich, and Kirill Sergeevich Golokhvast. "Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy to Study Fossil Inclusion in Baltic Amber, a New Approach." Key Engineering Materials 806 (June 2019): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.806.192.

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We demonstrate that confocal laser scanning microscopy could be successfully used for rapid search of the organisms in the dark part of the amber samples. Combination of mid-infrared spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and optical microscopy, allowed to identify and assess the quality of Baltic amber with fossil inclusion. Inclusion was identified as a spider from suborder Araneomorphae family Typhlopidae and it was struck by the mycelium.

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Cooper, M. S. "Imaging cellular dynamics using scanning laser confocal microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (1992): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100120461.

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In recent years, the ability to image morphological dynamics and physiological changes in living cells and tissues has been greatly advanced by the advent of scanning laser confocal microscopy. Confocal microscopes employ optical systems in which both the condenser and objective lenses are focused onto a single volume element of the specimen. In practice, galvanometer-driven mirrors or acousto-optical deflectors are used to scan a laser beam over the specimen in a raster-like fashion through an epifluorescence microscope. The incident laser beam, as well as the collected fluorescent light, are

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Yoon, Changsik, Yue Qi, Humberto Mestre, et al. "Gabor domain optical coherence microscopy combined with laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy." Biomedical Optics Express 10, no. 12 (2019): 6242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.10.006242.

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Guida, Stefania, Caterina Longo, Simone Amato, et al. "Laser Treatment Monitoring with Reflectance Confocal Microscopy." Medicina 59, no. 6 (2023): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59061039.

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Laser treatments have become popular in Dermatology. In parallel to technologic development enabling the availability of different laser wavelengths, non-invasive skin imaging techniques, such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), have been used to explore morphologic and qualitative skin characteristics. Specifically, RCM can be applied to cosmetically sensitive skin areas such as the face, without the need for skin biopsies. For these reasons, apart from its current use in skin cancer diagnosis, our systematic review reveals how RCM can be employed in the field of laser treatment monitor

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Tan, Jiu Bin, and Jian Liu. "Recent Advances in our Research on Ultrahigh Resolution Laser Confocal Microscopy." Key Engineering Materials 381-382 (June 2008): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.381-382.11.

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This paper presents the resent advances in our research on ultrahigh resolution laser confocal microscopy to further improve the accuracy of non-contact 3D measurement of micro-structural dimensions and profiles at the level of micron/nanometer with emphasis on ways and means to improve axial and lateral resolutions. A scan measuring technique based on differential confocal microscopy is developed using the difference in the distribution of the scanning spot on near and far confocal planes by keeping the detectors off-focus at equal distance before and after the conjugate image plane of the sc

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ZHAO Wei-qian, 赵维谦, 任利利 REN Li-li, 盛. 忠. SHENG Zhong, 王. 允. WANG Yun, and 邱丽荣 QIU Li-rong. "Beam deflection scanning for laser confocal microscopy." Optics and Precision Engineering 24, no. 6 (2016): 1257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20162406.1257.

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Hurley, Neil F., Kazumi Nakamura, and Hannah Rosenberg. "Microporosity quantification using confocal microscopy." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 7 (2021): 735–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.030.

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ABSTRACT In carbonate rocks, pore diameters range in size over at least nine orders of magnitude, from submicrometer-scale voids to km-scale caves. This study is focused on micropores, which are defined as pore bodies with diameter ≤ 10 micrometers. Corresponding pore throats are generally ≤ 1 micrometer in diameter. To visualize and quantify microporosity, geologists commonly use pore casts, transmitted-light petrography, and scanning electron microscopy. Shortfalls exist in all of these techniques. Laser scanning confocal microscopy, a relatively new approach, provides a step change in our a

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Liedmann, W., and H. Quader. "Optical analysis of geological structures by confocal laser scanning microscopy." Science of Nature 78, no. 9 (1991): 413–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01133414.

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W. Piston, David. "Two-Photon Excitation Imaging of Glucose Metabolism in Living Tissue." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600008412.

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Two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM) provides attractive advantages over confocal microscopy for three-dimensionally resolved fluorescence imaging and photochemistry. It provides three-dimensional resolution and eliminates background equivalent to an ideal confocal microscope without requiring a confocal spatial filter, whose absence enhances fluorescence collection efficiency. This results in inherent submicron optical sectioning by excitation alone. In practice, TPEM is made possible by the very high local instantaneous intensity provided by a combination of diffraction-limited focusing o

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Atkinson, Matthew R. "Polymer Characterization Using Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy: A Review." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 988–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600018262.

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Confocal microscopy was developed in 1957 by Minski, who was awarded a patent for this work in 1961. Since that time many advances have been in new designs and implementations. There are two basic classes of confocal microscope: the Nipkow-disk-based confocal microscope which allow real-time direct viewing of the sample, and the confocal scanning laser microscopes (CSLM). The CSLM will be focussed on in this presentation.The CSLM scans a focussed beam over, across or through the sample, collecting the reflected, scattered or emitted light. This light is directed towards an optical spatial filt

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Trif, László, Abdul Shaban, and Judit Telegdi. "Electrochemical and surface analytical techniques applied to microbiologically influenced corrosion investigation." Corrosion Reviews 36, no. 4 (2018): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2017-0032.

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AbstractSuitable application of techniques for detection and monitoring of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of the interactions and for selecting inhibition and control approaches. This paper presents a review of the application of electrochemical and surface analytical techniques in studying the MIC process of metals and their alloys. Conventional electrochemical techniques, such as corrosion potential (Ecorr), redox potential, dual-cell technique, polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical noise (

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Zhu, Kaiyi, Hongfang Chen, Shulian Zhang, Zhaoyao Shi, Yun Wang, and Yidong Tan. "Frequency-Shifted Optical Feedback Measurement Technologies Using a Solid-State Microchip Laser." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010109.

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Since its first application toward displacement measurements in the early-1960s, laser feedback interferometry has become a fast-developing precision measurement modality with many kinds of lasers. By employing the frequency-shifted optical feedback, microchip laser feedback interferometry has been widely researched due to its advantages of high sensitivity, simple structure, and easy alignment. More recently, the laser confocal feedback tomography has been proposed, which combines the high sensitivity of laser frequency-shifted feedback effect and the axial positioning ability of confocal mic

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Schneckenburger, Herbert. "Lasers in Live Cell Microscopy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (2022): 5015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095015.

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Due to their unique properties—coherent radiation, diffraction limited focusing, low spectral bandwidth and in many cases short light pulses—lasers play an increasing role in live cell microscopy. Lasers are indispensable tools in 3D microscopy, e.g., confocal, light sheet or total internal reflection microscopy, as well as in super-resolution microscopy using wide-field or confocal methods. Further techniques, e.g., spectral imaging or fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) often depend on the well-defined spectral or temporal properties of lasers. Furthermore, laser microbeams are used increas

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Beuerman, R. W., S. C. Kaufman, and K. A. Palkama. "Confocal Imaging: In Vivo and Clinical Applications." Microscopy Today 7, no. 2 (1999): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500063859.

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Confocal microscopy is a collection of optical techniques that are applied in a variety of hardware configurations. Design strategies for the application of these techniques have generally used laser light (Pawley, 1990). In most laboratories, basic research use has employed laser light in conjunction with a fluorescent substrate to generate an optical signal, either through direct application of a fluorescent material to cells or by the stimulation of a chromophore associated with an antibody which will identify a cellular protein under some specified experimental conditions, The use of confo

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Potma, Eric, Nicoletta Kahya, Wim P. de Boeij, and Douwe A. Wiersma. "A Multicolor Femtosecond Lightsource for (Multiphoton) Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 472–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600015683.

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Recent advances in fluorescence microscopy add to the versatility of this optical technique and intensify its significance as an indispensable tool in biological research. Especially the use of multiphoton excitation offers the microscopist many advantages like inherent optical sectioning, reduced out-of-focus bleaching and higher penetration depths into the sample. In this regard, the commercial availability of pulsed solid-state lightsources like the Ti:Sapphire laser, that provide short pulses needed in the nonlinear multiphoton process, have paved the way for the routine implementation of

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Göring, Lena, Markus Finkeldey, Falk Schellenberg, Carsten Brenner, Martin R. Hofmann, and Nils C Gerhardt. "Optical metrology for the investigation of buried technical structures." tm - Technisches Messen 85, no. 2 (2018): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2017-0096.

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Abstract In this paper, we present different optical metrology approaches for the investigation of buried technical structures. Contactless, potentially fast and non-destructive techniques such as optical beam induced current (OBIC), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and digital holographic microscopy (DHM) are described. Their properties are illustrated by investigating the buried structures of a microcontroller.

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Nie, Shuming, Daniel T. Chiu, and Richard N. Zare. "Real-time observation of single molecules by confocal fluorescence microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100136672.

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The ability to detect, identify, and manipulate individual molecules offer exciting possibilities in many fields, including chemical analysis, materials research, and the biological sciences. A particularly powerful approach is to combine the exquisite sensitivity of laser-induced fluorescence and the spatial localization and imaging capabilities of diffraction-limited or near-field optical microscopes. Unlike scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which lack molecular specificity, optical spectroscopy and microscopy techniques can be used for real-time monitori

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Masters, Barry R. "Three-dimensional imaging of the living eye." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100085150.

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The structure of the in situ rabbit cornea can be observed at high resolution and contrast with reflected light confocal microscopy. In vivo confocal images of the living cornea have been made at lower resolution and lower contrast using a SIT video camera together with a real-time Nipkow disk confocal microscope adapted for in vivo observations. This paper describes the three dimensional reconstruction of the in situ cornea from an enucleated rabbit eye with confocal reflected light microscopy and volume rendering computer techniques.A laser scanning confocal microscope (BioRad MRC 600) was u

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Watson, T. F. "Fact and Artefact in Confocal Microscopy." Advances in Dental Research 11, no. 4 (1997): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374970110040901.

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High-resolution confocal microscopic images may be made of either the surface of a sample or beneath the surface. These images can be likened to optical tomograms, giving thin (> 0.35 μm) slices up to 200 μm below the surface of a transparent tissue: With microscopes running under normal conditions, the optical section thickness will be >1 μm and the effective penetration into enamel and dentin a maximum of 100 μm. For maximum resolution, high-quality, high-numerical-aperture objectives should be used. Refractive index matching of the lens immersion media and the substrate will avoid dis

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Mamonov, Evgeniy A., Irina A. Kolmychek, Anton I. Maydykovskiy, et al. "Nonlinear-optical microscopy of asymmetric-shaped nanoantennas." Laser Physics Letters 20, no. 3 (2023): 035403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/acb70a.

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Abstract Arrays of metal nanostructures have attracted much interest due to their unique potential as optical nanoantennas and nanosensors. Here we use the second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy technique for the studies of the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of cobalt nanoparticles of triangular and trapezoid shapes separated from a Py/Si3N4 film by a 1.5 nm thick MgO spacer. We demonstrate that the nonsymmetric elongated shape of planar nanoparticles along with the strong light localization effects result in the enhancement of the NLO response, including SHG and two-photon fluorescence

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ZHANG Yun-hai, 张运海, 杨皓旻 YANG Hao-min, and 孔晨晖 KONG Chen-hui. "Spectral imaging system on laser scanning confocal microscopy." Optics and Precision Engineering 22, no. 6 (2014): 1446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20142206.1446.

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Campagnola, Paul, Aaron Lewis, and Leslie M. Loew. "Second Harmonic Imaging Microscopy: A New Non-Linear Optical Modality for Cell Membrane Physiology." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 810–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036540.

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Confocal microscopy is an excellent high resolution method to image fluorescently labeled cells. However, the use of confocal microscopy to monitor physiological events, such as membrane potential changes, in living cells is hampered by photobleaching and phototoxicity. To reduce the collateral damage from excitation of fluorescent probes outside the optical slice, Webb and co-workers introduced the use of two-photon excited (TPE) fluorescence in laser scanning microscopy.1 Two-photon absorption depends on the square of the incident light intensity; this has the effect of confining excitation

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de Oliveira, Leandro Antonio, and Renato Altobelli Antunes. "Influence of the Electrolyte Composition on the Corrosion Behavior of Anodized AZ31B Magnesium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 1012 (October 2020): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1012.424.

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Investigations have been performed to study the effects of the electrolyte composition on the properties of anodized films grown on AZ31B magnesium alloy. The corrosion protection ability of the oxide layers was explored by using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Film morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In spite of its higher roughness average, the film formed in the silicate and hydroxide mixed solution enhanced the protective properties of the anodized layer, thus reducing the substrate d

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Lidke, D. S., P. Nagy, B. G. Barisas, et al. "Imaging molecular interactions in cells by dynamic and static fluorescence anisotropy (rFLIM and emFRET)." Biochemical Society Transactions 31, no. 5 (2003): 1020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0311020.

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We report the implementation and exploitation of fluorescence polarization measurements, in the form of anisotropy fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (rFLIM) and energy migration Förster resonance energy transfer (emFRET) modalities, for wide-field, confocal laser-scanning microscopy and flow cytometry of cells. These methods permit the assessment of rotational motion, association and proximity of cellular proteins in vivo. They are particularly applicable to probes generated by fusions of visible fluorescence proteins, as exemplified by studies of the erbB receptor tyrosine kinases invo

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Kim, Yoon Soo, and Adya Singh. "Imaging Degraded Wood by Confocal Microscopy." Microscopy Today 6, no. 4 (1998): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500067225.

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The application of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in the studies of biological materials is rapidly expanding because of the opportunity to produce sharp, high resolution images through optical sectioning and computer assisted 3-D reconstruction. At our institute CLSM is being used in a wide range of forestry and wood science studies.Recently we investigated the potential usefulness of CLSM in characterizing biologically degraded wood. The following are images produced from an archaeological wood which has been buried in a wet environment (rice field) for nearly 2,000 years in South

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SAMATHAM, RAVIKANT, KEVIN G. PHILLIPS, and STEVEN L. JACQUES. "ASSESSMENT OF OPTICAL CLEARING AGENTS USING REFLECTANCE-MODE CONFOCAL SCANNING LASER MICROSCOPY." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 03, no. 03 (2010): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545810001064.

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The mechanism of action of clearing agents to improve optical imaging of mouse skin during reflectance-mode confocal microscopy was tested. The dermal side of excised dorsal mouse skin was exposed for one hour to saline, glycerin, or 80% DMSO, then the clearing agent was removed and the dermis placed against a glass cover slip through which a confocal microscope measured reflectance at 488 nm wavelength. An untreated control was also measured. The axial attenuation of reflectance signal, R(zf) versus increasing depth of focus zf behaved as R = ρ exp (-μzf2G), where ρ is tissue reflectivity and

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