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Journal articles on the topic 'Optical measuring machine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Meier, Nicolas, and Anthimos Georgiadis. "Optical Part Measuring inside a Milling Machine." Key Engineering Materials 613 (May 2014): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.613.440.

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The dimensions of a workpiece have been measured during the milling process using a 3D laser inspection system. Re-clamping of the work piece has been avoided but a short interruption of the milling process took place. All three dimensions of the part have been measured, height and width using a profile scanning devise based on the laser triangulation method and the length using also the displacement features of the machine tool. Gauge blocks with the reference dimension of 4, 8, 10, 14, 18 and 23 mm have been used for the verification of the measurements. The measured values for the height deviate from the real value between 0 to 19 μm. The deviations of the length lie between 0 and 33 μm. The deviations of the width are higher and they lie between 0 and 150 μm, because of the scanning steps of the devise. The measurement of the width could be improved using a second scanner perpendicular to the first one in order to achieve an overall part inspection with deviations lower than 33 μm.

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2

Caja, Jesús, Emilio Gómez, Piera Maresca, and Miguel Berzal. "Uncertainty Estimation for the Optical System of Optical Measuring Machines." Key Engineering Materials 615 (June 2014): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.615.95.

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This paper presents the problem of optical measuring machine calibration, emphasizing the calibration of the "optical system", omitting the calibration of the "machine system". The calibration of an optical measuring machine is the first step before using the instrument for any application. For this purpose, a mathematical model has been developed to transform the coordinates of a point in space (3D) into coordinates of a point in an image (2D). Using this camera model, a calibration procedure has been developed using a grid distortion pattern. Finally, a procedure for calculating the uncertainty of the camera and geometric distortion parameters based on the Monte Carlo method has been developed.

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3

SHI Zhao-yao, 石照耀, 于渤 YU Bo, 叶勇 YE Yong, and 闫璐 YAN Lu. "Hourglass hob measuring machine." Optics and Precision Engineering 23, no. 10 (2015): 2827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20152310.2827.

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4

Simonović, Milan, Dragan Lazarević, Marko Simonović, and Bogdan Nedić. "Comparison of measurement using optical measuring systems and coordinate measuring machine." IMK-14 - Istrazivanje i razvoj 26, no. 2 (2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/imk2002035s.

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The paper presents the results of measuring the gearbox housing with the ATOS optical measuring system, the TRITOP system and the "TESA micro-hit 4-5-4" coordinate measuring machine. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in modern measuring systems and whether these differences affect the final measurement result when controlling parts of a complex configuration. At the beginning of the paper, the way of functioning of the used measuring systems and the results of research in this area are described. GOM Inspect software used for the ATOS and TRITOP measuring systems, while PC DMIS software used for the coordinate measuring machine. The analysis of the obtained results showed that there are significant differences in the measurement results and that the measuring systems used can't be applied with the same success to the measurement of parts of complex configuration such as the gearbox housing.

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5

Mares, Ancuta I., and Rob H. Bergmans. "Evaluation of an optical coordinate measuring machine for measuring grated structures." Measurement Science and Technology 23, no. 9 (July 25, 2012): 094012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/23/9/094012.

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6

Balle, Bernd. "Measuring means knowledge." Advanced Technologies in Mechanics 3, no. 1(6) (March 2, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/atim.2016.1(6).37.

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Optical designers, physicists and engineers at FISBA develop, analyze and optimize optical components on behalf of their customers. Thanks to its innovative production techniques, the Swiss company is widely renowned as a manufacturer of highquality optical components and systems. A ZEISS MICURA coordinate measuring machine is among the tools used by the company to ensure the quality that is valued around the globe.

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7

Jäger, Gerd, T. Hausotte, Eberhard Manske, H. J. Büchner, R. Mastylo, N. Dorozhovets, R. Füßl, and R. Grünwald. "Nanometrology – Nanopositioning- and Nanomeasuring Machine with Integrated Nanopobes." Materials Science Forum 505-507 (January 2006): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.505-507.7.

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The paper describes the operation of a high-precision wide scale three-dimensional nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machine (NPM-Machine) having a resolution of 0,1 nm over the positioning and measuring range of 25 mm x 25 mm x 5 mm. The NPM-Machine has been developed by the Technische Universität Ilmenau and manufactured by the SIOS Meßtechnik GmbH Ilmenau. The machines are operating successfully in several German and foreign research institutes including the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). The integration of several, optical and tactile probe systems and scanning force microscopes makes the NPM-Machine suitable for various tasks, such as large-area scanning probe microscopy, mask and water inspection, circuit testing as well as measuring optical and mechanical precision work pieces such as micro lens arrays, concave lenses, mm-step height standards.

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8

Koubek, Jan, Stepan Chladek, Jiri Sveda, and Ivan Divis. "OPTICAL EQUIPMENT FOR MEASURING DEFORMATION OF MACHINE TOOL COMPONENTS." MM Science Journal 2016, no. 02 (June 8, 2016): 907–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2016_06_201612.

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9

Kirkland, Eric, Thomas R. Kurfess, and Steven Y. Liang. "An Optical Coordinate Measuring Machine for Nanoscale Dimensional Metrology." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 8, no. 1 (January 20, 2004): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2004.p0039.

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Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) are commonly used for geometry verification and replication on solid parts and work pieces on many scales. As the parts predicable continues to grow smaller and smaller, so grows the need to accurately measure the dimensional accuracy of these parts. This is partly because of how the critical part tolerances become as dimensions shrink and geometries become more complex. Research is currently underway at the Georgia Institute of Technology to develop a system for dimensional metrology at the nano-scale. The goal is to develop a versatile, non-contact, three-dimensional system capable of making accurate measurements on the nano level of form attributes of micro electro-mechanically manufactured parts. The Nano-CMM developed consists of a laser probe, a 6-axis positioning table, and a support frame. This paper describes the calibration of probe, processing of measurement signals, detection of solid edges, and software interface for system automation.

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10

Hemming, Björn, Erkki Ikonen, and Mart Noorma. "Measurement of Aperture Areas Using an Optical Coordinate Measuring Machine." International Journal of Optomechatronics 1, no. 3 (September 7, 2007): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15599610701548803.

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11

Sawano, Hiroshi, Motohiro Takahashi, Hayato Yoshioka, Hidenori Shinno, and Kimiyuki Mitsui. "On-Machine Optical Surface Profile Measuring System for Nano-Machining." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 3 (May 5, 2011): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0369.

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There has been an increasing demand for machining of precision parts recently. In order to meet such requirements, nano-machining systems with on-machine surface profile measuring function are required. This paper presents a newly developed on-machine shape measuring system with an optical probe. In this system, an astigmatic focus error detection method is applied to the optical probe. In addition, the influence of the uneven reflection from the surface can be reduced by using two quadrant photodiodes. The results of surface profile measurement confirm that the system developed provides a resolution of 1 nm scale and a repeatability of approximately 50 nm.

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12

Pan, Wei Min, Yong Jian Yu, Wei Ma, and Yong Gang Liu. "CMM Inspect Path Planning for Precision Concave Revolved Surfaces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 3869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.3869.

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The revolved concave surfaces are widely applied to both optical equipments and aerodynamic domain. The revolved surface is measured by digitized measurement with the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) in this paper. A CMM inspecting path planning which is different from traditional measuring method for revolved surface is given. An automatic algorithm of digitization on a CNC coordinate measuring machine for an unknown revolved surface is present. At the same time, this method is proved effectiveness through a practical measuring example of an optical part. The Measuring process and the measuring results are illustrated in detail.

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13

Yang, Yuan, Tao Geng, Peng Li, and Wen Lei Yang. "Research for On-Line Measurement of Optical Fiber Diameter Based on Machine Vision." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 6497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6497.

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Special optical fiber (D-type optical fiber) geometry parameter directly effect its sensing characteristics, it is very important to measure optical fiber diameter. But the present methods of measuring optical fiber diameter have some disadvantages, such as demanding high level environment and not real-time on-line measuring. This paper describes a method by applying machine vision technology to measure optical fiber diameter in real-time on-line. Firstly, Automatic Focusing System can collect clear fiber image by applying CMOS camera. Secondly, image edge was detected by using edge detector. And the precise location of image was detected by sub-pixel location technology based on gray moments. Lastly, optical fiber diameter is calculated by applying the two priority methods-least beeline fitting method. Experimental results show that the accuracy of measuring fiber diameter system is 1μm, and meet the requirements of real-time on-line measuring.

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14

Di Gasbarro, David, Giulio D'Emilia, and Emanuela Natale. "Optical system for on line monitoring of welding: a machine learning approach for optimal set up." ACTA IMEKO 5, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v5i4.420.

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<p class="Abstract">In this paper a methodology is described for continuous checking of the settings of a low cost vision system for automatic geometrical measurement of welding embedded on components of complicated shape. The measurement system is based on a laser sheet. Measuring conditions and the corresponding uncertainty are analyzed by evaluating their p-value and its closeness to an optimal measurement configuration also when working conditions are changed. The method aims to check the holding of optimal measuring conditions by using a machine learning approach for the vision system: based on a such methodology single images can be used to check the settings, therefore allowing a continuous and on line monitoring of the optical measuring system capabilities.</p><p class="Abstract">According to this procedure, the optical measuring system is able to reach and to hold uncertainty levels adequate for automatic dimensional checking of welding and of defects, taking into account the effects of system hardware/software incorrect settings and environmental effects, like varying lighting conditions. The paper also studies the effects of process variability on the method for quantitative evaluation, in order to propose on line solutions for this system.</p>

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15

LIU Yong, 刘. 勇., 李. 昆. LI Kun, and 王帼媛 WANG Guo-yuan. "Implementation of laser on-machine measuring system." Optics and Precision Engineering 25, no. 10 (2017): 2668–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20172510.2668.

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16

Song, Le, Yuchi Lin, and Liguo Hao. "Automatic recognition method for optical measuring instruments based on machine vision." Transactions of Tianjin University 14, no. 3 (June 2008): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12209-008-0037-3.

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17

Uhlmann, Eckart, Gerhard Häusler, Christian Röttinger, Evelyn Olesch, Christian Faber, and M. Kurz. "Machine Integrated Measurement of Ultra Precision Machined Specular Non-Rotational Symmetrical Surfaces." Advanced Materials Research 907 (April 2014): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.907.277.

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In this paper, current results of a research project combining ultra precision machining and optical measurement are presented. The goal is to improve the quality of specular freeform surfaces manufactured by ultra precision slow slide servo turning by running appropriate correction cycles on the basis of machine integrated measurements. These measurements are conducted using the principle of Phase Measuring Deflectometry (PMD) in order to optically acquire full-field 3D-height data. For this purpose, a special setup the so called Mini PMD that can be operated within the limited installation space of an ultra precision machine tool has been designed and implemented. Results of machine integrated measurements of a specular non-rotational symmetrical surface are presented. Furthermore, using Mini PMD and a rotationally symmetric test surface, a complete correction cycle is demonstrated without the necessity of taking the workpiece off the machine for measurement.

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18

Pan, Wei Min, Yong Jian Yu, Wei Ma, and Yong Gang Liu. "CMM Inspect Path Planning for Precision Convex Revolved Surfaces." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 7090–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.7090.

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The revolved surfaces are widely applied to both optical equipments and aerodynamic domain. The revolved surface is measured by digitized measurement with the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) in this paper. A CMM inspecting path planning which is different from traditional measuring method for revolved surface is given. At the same time, this method is proved effectiveness through a practical measuring example of an optical part. The Measuring process and the measuring results are illustrated in detail.

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19

Chen, Jenn Yih, Wen Yang Chang, Bean Yin Lee, and Chi Shiun Lin. "Optical Image Inspection of Cutting Tool Geometry for Grinding Machines." Advanced Materials Research 579 (October 2012): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.579.235.

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The purpose of this paper is to develop a tool image inspection and measuring system by C++ Builder. Firstly, tool images are captured online for geometry analysis via a disassembled inspection mechanism mounted on the Z-axis of a five-axis tool grinding machine. One can use the controller of the machine to set the coordinate location of the mechanism and implement the humanized functions of autofocusing and automatic measurements. The digital images are calculated by the subpixel approach to improve the measurement resolution, and filtered the edge point location by Hough transform to upgrade the precision. The human machine interface (HMI) has a tutoring manner for users to operate the measuring procedures. These proposed functions can measure the geometric dimension such as the diameter, radius, and angle of different end mills or drills after finishing the tool grinding processes. Furthermore, the grinding processes can refer the online measured results to compensate the tool dimension. Therefore, this online image inspection and measuring system can improve the precision of tool grinding, product quality, and reduce the product cost. Finally, experiments are presented to show that the repeatability errors are ± 2 μm and ± 1 μm for the diameter and the radius measurements of end mills, respectively. The percentage error is 0.116％ for measuring the point angle of a drill. Thus, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method that can be employed to measure tool geometry of different cutting tools.

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20

Wang, Xingsheng, Jieyu Xian, Yong Yang, Yongnian Zhang, Xiuqing Fu, and Min Kang. "Use of coordinate measuring machine to measure circular aperture complex optical surface." Measurement 100 (March 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.12.038.

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21

Harmatys, Wiktor, Adam Gąska, Piotr Gąska, Maciej Gruza, and Jerzy Sładek. "Impact of warm-up period on optical coordinate measuring machine measurement accuracy." Measurement 172 (February 2021): 108913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108913.

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22

Bradley, C. "Integration of an optical roughness sensor with a co‐ordinate measuring machine." Sensor Review 20, no. 1 (March 2000): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602280010311365.

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23

Zhang, Hong Wei, Guo Xiong Zhang, and Y. Shi. "Machine Vision and Data Reconstruction for Measuring Free Form Surface." Materials Science Forum 471-472 (December 2004): 508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.508.

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Reverse engineering of free-form surfaces is one of the most challenging technologies in advanced manufacturing. With the development of industry more and more sculptured surfaces, such as molds and turbine blades, are required to measure quickly and accurately. Optical non-contact probes possess many advantages, such as high speed, no measuring force, in comparison with contact ones. The ability of stereovision probe with CCD cameras in gathering a large amount of information simultaneously makes it the most popularly used one in sculptured surface measurements. So based on the laser triangular principle, a measuring and testing device with two CCD cameras was designed, and its accuracy was analyzed. With a virtual 3D target in form of a grid plate, all the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of CCD camera including the uncertainty of image scale factor and optical center of camera can be readily calibrated. In order to obtain all the required data with high accuracy in a short time, the curvature-based adaptive sampling strategy is presented. Due to huge amount of arbitrary scattered points, the Delaunay triangular division and Bezier interpolation and NURBS interpolation are applied to get a continuous surface.

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24

Munro, R. G., and P. H. K. Ling. "A New Method of Measuring Involute Profile Deviations of Gear Teeth." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 210, no. 1 (January 1996): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_170_02.

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The principle behind all involute profile measuring machines is to arrange for relative movements between the gear and a stylus, so that the stylus measures only the deviations from a perfect involute curve. Over the years a number of different ways have been devised to produce the relative movements, involving discs and levers, and more recently computer numerical controls (CNC). This paper draws attention to the fact that accurate, large displacement optical gratings remove the need for accurate motion generation by using software compensation. The principle is applied to a base disc type of machine, which can be easily converted so that its full diameter range can be covered by a handful of nominal size discs, rather than needing an accurate and unique size of disc for every gear base diameter. In addition the output display can be made similar to that of a modern CNC machine.

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25

Wang, Yuhao. "Swing arm optical coordinate-measuring machine: high precision measuring ground aspheric surfaces using a laser triangulation probe." Optical Engineering 51, no. 7 (July 6, 2012): 073603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.51.7.073603.

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26

DU Yang, 杜洋, and 高志山 GAO Zhi-shan. "Lens centering using high-precision three coordinate measuring machine." Optics and Precision Engineering 23, no. 3 (2015): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20152303.0639.

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27

Bradley, C., and J. Jeswiet. "An Optical Surface Texture Sensor Suitable for Integration into a Coordinate Measuring Machine." CIRP Annals 48, no. 1 (1999): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)63226-0.

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28

Liangpanich, Ekrit. "Analysis of measurement accuracy of quadrilateral hole using optical inner-diameter-measuring machine." Optical Engineering 42, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1598435.

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29

Hanaoka, Kenichi, Yuji Wakabayashi, Hajime Osaka, and Mutsuo Maruyama. "Fabrication of Small Touch Probe for Coordinate Measuring Machine using Optical Displacement Sensor." IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines 118, no. 4 (1998): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejsmas.118.240.

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30

Suzuki, H., T. Onishi, T. Moriwaki, M. Fukuta, and J. Sugawara. "Development of a 45° tilted on-machine measuring system for small optical parts." CIRP Annals 57, no. 1 (2008): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2008.03.041.

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31

Chang, Shenq Tsong, Wei Cheng Lin, Ting Ming Huang, Ming Ying Hsu, and Po Hsuan Huang. "Measurement of Radius of Curvature by Coordinate Measurement Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.488.

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Radius of curvature is one of the key parameters of optical components. A variety of methods have been developed for this measurement. This paper describes a novel way, named “CMM spherometry by probe compensation”, to measure the radius of curvature of optical surfaces by coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The measurement combines CMM measurement and iteration calculation scheme is presented. The measurement results of CMM and the trace samples are compared. The effect of temperature compensation is discussed.

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32

Ćirić, Ivan, Milan Banić, Miloš Simonović, Aleksandar Miltenović, Dušan Stamenković, and Vlastimir Nikolić. "TOWARDS MACHINE VISION BASED RAILWAY ASSETS PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE." Facta Universitatis, Series: Automatic Control and Robotics 19, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fuacr2002125c.

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The main goal of this paper is to present novel technologies that can contribute to safety, competitiveness, efficiency and operational reliability of Railway infrastructure through the development of innovative solutions for measuring and monitoring of railway assets based on machine vision. Measuring the transversal position of the wheels on the rail, as well as identification of the defects of the wheel and the rail (such as deformation of rail head edge, lateral wear, worn wheels, cracks in wheel and rail, rolling contact fatigue, corrugation and other irregularities) can increase reliability and lower maintenance costs. Currently, there is a need on the market for the innovative solution, namely the on-board high-speed stereo camera system augmented with a system that projects custom pattern (fringe scanner system) for measuring the transversal position of the wheels on the rail, robust to environmental conditions and waste along the track that can provide reliable measurements of transversal position of the wheels up to 200 km/h. New trends in Precise Industrial 3D Metrology are showing that stereo vision is an absolute must have in modern specialized optical precision measuring systems for the three-dimensional coordinate measurement.

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33

Sun, Qing Zhou, Ji Zhao, Shi Jun Ji, Lei Zhang, and Shu Hong Zhou. "Error Detection Technology for Calibrating Precision of Non-Contact Coordinate Measuring Machine." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.42.

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In this paper, a non-contact coordinate measuring machine with laser displacement sensor, which consists of three translational axes, is designed and built independently. In order to obtain the measuring precision, it needs to calibrate the coordinate measuring machine. Learning from the calibration method of contact coordinate measuring machine, a detection method is proposed for calibrating the precision of the non-contact coordinate measuring machine. Based on the homogeneous coordinate transformation theory, the error model of coordinate measuring machine is built under the condition that the positioning errors, angular errors, straightness errors and perpendicularity errors are taken into comprehensive consideration. The final error expressions of three axes can be calculated in the use of error model and homogeneous coordinate transformation theory. The final values of the errors are acquired through the analysis of the error curves, which can be obtained by using the laser interferometer system. The method proposed in this paper is using the two-dimensional ball plate to measure the errors. By locating three different positions of the ball plate in the space and using automatic centering procedure to measure the center position which is previously calibrated, the final errors of three axes can be detected directly. By comparing the two results, it testifies that the two-dimensional ball plate detection method is reasonable. Comparing with the laser interferometer method, the two-dimensional ball plate detection method reduces the workload of adjusting the optical path and the time of measuring errors, which has the vital significance in calibrating the precision of non-contact coordinate measuring machine.

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34

Hiyoshi, Noritake, Takamoto Itoh, Masao Sakane, Takafumi Tsurui, and Masaaki Tsurui. "Development of Multiaxial Creep Testing Machine for Miniature Specimen." MATEC Web of Conferences 300 (2019): 14001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930014001.

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High temperature components such as boiler tube and jet engine turbine blade undergo multiaxial creep damage. Although multiaxial creep testing investigation is required for safety high temperature components designing, there are few commercial testing machines which can conduct multiaxial loading at high temperature. A new miniature cruciform specimen, which has a 5 mm square size plane stress gauge part, was designed by using FE analysis. A biaxial tensile loading creep testing machine was also designed to conduct multiaxial creep testing. The testing machine has 2 kN loading capacity and 1 kW furnace. We had also developed a non-contact displacement measuring method for the miniature specimen. This method uses conventional optical camera to get the surface observation photograph. Chasing the trace of the target mark painted at surface of the specimen, we can get the displacement of the specimen. The calculated strain value obtained from the non-contact displacement measuring method corresponds with the strain gauge value at room temperature. By using the multiaxial creep testing machine and the non-contact observation system, we can investigate not only deformation of the testing specimen but also surface conditions of materials during the creep testing.

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35

ZHAO Lei, 赵. 磊., 赵新华 ZHAO Xin-hua, 周海波 ZHOU Hai-bo, 王收军 WANG Shou-jun, and 牛兴华 Niu Xing-hua. "Flexible dynamic modeling and error coupling of parallel measuring machine." Optics and Precision Engineering 24, no. 10 (2016): 2471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20162410.2471.

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36

Suzuki, Hirofumi. "Multi-Axis Controlled Ultraprecision Machining and Measurement." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 3 (May 5, 2009): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0227.

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Demands of micro aspheric optical components such as lenses and mirrors are increasing for installing to the digital devices. As the devices become to be more compact and complicated, the molds shapes of lens and mirrors would become more difficult to be machined and measured. In this study, multi-axis controlled ultra precision machining/grinding and on-machine measurement technologies are developed for manufacturing of the complicated and micro molds. In this paper, the next four technologies are focused: (1) micro fresnel grinding, (2) Micro lens array grinding, (3) Ultrasonic vibration assisted polishing, and (4) Contact type of multi axis controlled on-machine measuring system.

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37

KWEON, SUNG-HWAN, YU LIU, JAE-HA LEE, YOUNG-SUK KIM, and SEUNG-HAN YANG. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPTICAL MEASURING SYSTEM FOR GEOMETRIC ERRORS OF A MINIATURIZED MACHINE TOOL." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2006): 3739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206040295.

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Recently, miniaturized machine tools (mMT) have become a promising micro/meso-mechanical manufacturing technique to overcome the material limitation and produce complex 3D meso-scale components with higher accuracy. To achieve sub-micron accuracy, geometric errors of a miniaturized machine tool should be identified and compensated. An optic multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) measuring system, composed of one laser diode, two beam splitters and three position sensing detectors (PSDs), is proposed for simultaneous measurement of horizontal straightness, vertical straightness, pitch, yaw and roll errors along a moving axis of mMT. Homogeneous transformation matrix (HTM) is used to derive the relationship between the readings of PSDs and geometric errors, and an error estimation algorithm is presented to calculate the geometric errors. Simulation is carried out to prove the estimation accuracy of this algorithm. In theory, the measurement resolution of this proposed system can reach up to 0.03 μm and 0.06 arcsec for translational and rotational errors, respectively.

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38

Heizmann, Michael, Alexander Braun, Markus Hüttel, Christina Klüver, Erik Marquardt, Michael Overdick, and Markus Ulrich. "Artificial intelligence with neural networks in optical measurement and inspection systems." at - Automatisierungstechnik 68, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2020-0006.

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AbstractOptical measuring and inspection systems play an important role in automation as they allow a comprehensive and non-contact quality assessment of products and processes. In this field, too, systems are increasingly being used that apply artificial intelligence and machine learning, mostly by means of artificial neural networks. Results achieved with this approach are often very promising and require less development effort. However, the supplementation and replacement of classical image processing methods by machine learning methods is not unproblematic, especially in applications with high safety or quality requirements, since the latter have characteristics that differ considerably from classical image processing methods. In this paper, essential aspects and trends of machine learning and artificial intelligence for the application in optical measurement and inspection systems are presented and discussed.

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Wang, Wen Qi, Dong Xiang Shao, Jian Feng Jiang, and Guang Lin Wang. "Research on Optical Microscope Measuring Method of External Thread Parameters Based on Charge-Couple Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 163 (April 2012): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.163.39.

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As an important component of the fasteners members, threads quality, depending on whether its geometric parameters meet requirements or not, will affect the reliability of the whole machine system. Therefore, geometrical parameters measurement of the thread is especially important. Aiming at the characteristics of the thread teeth type, this paper adopt a machine vision measurement method based on the universal tool microscope and CCD .This paper also analyzes the causes and influences of the teeth shading and proposes a corresponding improvement method, specific to the shading problem in the process of backlighting projection. After experimenting, this method can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of the male parameters measurement.

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Ekrit, LIANGPANICH, Nobuyuki AKIYAMA, Masahiro YOSHIDA, and Kazutoshi KUWAHARA. "Experimental Analysis of Measurement Accuracy for Quadrilateral Hole Using Optical Inner-Diameter-Measuring Machine." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 69, no. 7 (2003): 987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.69.987.

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LIANGPANICH, Ekrit, Nobuyuki AKIYAMA, Masahiro YOSHIDA, and Kazutoshi KUWABARA. "Theoretical Analysis of Measurement Accuracy of Quadrilateral Hole Using Optical Inner-Diameter-Measuring Machine." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 68, no. 4 (2002): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.68.526.

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Munro, R. G. "Measuring the kinematic accuracy of worm gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 213, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406991522338.

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A special-purpose machine has been designed and installed to measure the kinematic accuracy of precision worm gears. The primary measurement is the transmission error (TE) between the worm and wheel, and several measuring methods were considered. The chosen method uses optical gratings and a digital system to process the signals, which has particular advantages for this application. This method then makes it a straightforward step also to measure pitch errors of both the worm and the wheel, and lead errors of the worm. A novel method of measuring backlash very accurately is also described.

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Bo, M. Del, M. G. Lattanzi, G. Massone, F. Porcu, F. Salvati, G. L. Deiana, A. Poma, and S. Uras. "The TOCAMM Project." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 178 (2000): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100061431.

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AbstractThe TOCAMM (TOrino CAgliari Measuring Machine) project undertaken jointly between Torino and Cagliari Astronomical Observatories aimed to convert the old measuring machine ASCORECORD into an automatic and impersonal one. This program is intended to contribute to the link of the HIPPARCOS Catalogue to the ICRS through the determination of precise position of optical counterparts of 80 extragalactic radiosources taken from the IERS list and to investigate the astrometric accuracy of the Guide Star Catalog (version 1 and 2). The calibration test phase, carried out first at the Astronomical Observatory of Torino and after at Cagliari Observatory, where the machine has been now installed, indicate that the available positional accuracy is about 0.5 microns in both x and y coordinates.

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WU, Jun-jie. "Three-dimensional coordinate measurement of microstructures based on nano measuring machine." Optics and Precision Engineering 28, no. 10 (2020): 2252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/ope.20202810.2252.

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XIA Gui-suo, 夏桂锁, 廖城 LIAO Cheng, and 伏燕军 FU Yan-jun. "Calibration and uncertainty evaluation of double parallel-joint coordinate measuring machine." Optics and Precision Engineering 22, no. 5 (2014): 1227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20142205.1227.

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Chuguy, Yuri V. "Optical Measurement Technologies and Systems for Industrial Applications." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.201.

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Ensuring the safety of nuclear reactors and their high exploitation reliability requires a 100 % noncontact precise inspection of geometrical parameters of their fuel elements, grid spacers and quality of fuel element surface. For the solution of these 3D inspection tasks we have developed and produced a laser measuring machine (LMM) using multipoint structured illumination, optoelectronic shadow systems as Control and optical low-coherent profilometer as Radar. The results of their industrial testing are presented and discussed.

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Zhang, Xu, Jianxiang Wang, Kai Fei, and Quan Zhang. "On-Machine Optical Probe Based on Discrete Rotational Symmetric Triangulation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (July 19, 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5801034.

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In the field of modern manufacturing, probes have been playing a more and more crucial role. However, contact probes are unfit for measuring objects with soft surfaces or very tiny cavities and require radius compensation of stylus. In comparison, noncontact probes such as optical probes do not have to consider these problems and are well-performed in measurement. However, existing optical probes (triangulation) may fail to detect objects with rich spatial structures (due to the occlusion effect) and highly reflective curved surfaces (due to existence of highlight spots). Considering the problems, an optical probe based on discrete rotational symmetric triangulation is proposed in this paper. The emitting laser beam of the probe is the rotational axis and the five receiving optical paths (lenses and mirrors) are rotationally symmetrically distributed around the laser axis and are coimaged on a CMOS camera. Results of simulations and experiments show that the new-established prototype is designed with good robustness under various conditions such as different surface characteristics and different inclination degrees. The probe enables conducting real-time on-machine measurement without directional dependency with a resolution of 39 μm and repeatability accuracy of 0.72 μm.

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Barisic, Branimir, M. Rucki, and Z. Car. "Analysis of Digitizing and Traditional Measuring System at Surface Measurement of Lids." Key Engineering Materials 381-382 (June 2008): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.381-382.217.

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The focus of this paper will be on comparison at the measurement of container lids between Advanced TOpometric Optical Sensor - ATOS III SO (GOM mbH) and traditional coordinate measuring machine CMM for the measurement of surfaces - Form Talysurf Series 2 (Taylor Hobson Ltd). In the paper, two kinds of measuring methods (noncontact method at ATOS and contact method at CMM Form Talysurf) and techniques will be made for comparison: digitizing measuring system based on the triangulation principle and traditional measuring systems based on the collecting of points from an object by touching it.

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Mendřický, Radomír. "Precision Analysis of Optical 3D Digitisation of Shaped Elements." Applied Mechanics and Materials 693 (December 2014): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.693.177.

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This paper presents results of a carried out research in the field of scanning precision of contactless optical 3D scanners. Results stated in this paper bring great benefits to practice, since it demonstrates the quality and limits of measuring by means of contactless optical systems in real conditions and therefore its possible use in the field of inspecting the dimensional and shape precision of industrial products.A measurement etalon of various shapes and sizes was designed and manufactured for the purpose of this analysis. The nominal dimensions of the etalon were set by measuring of the coordinate measuring machine and these real values were compared to the model obtained by optical digitisation of Atos II and RevScan. Based on the evaluation of results, scanner measurement precision diagrams were drawn according to the studied aspects, e.g. dependence on the shape of the measured element and its nominal size. Another essential part of the research was determining the ability of 3D scanners to capture detailed parts of the model and assessing the scanning limits for each of the optical systems.

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Zou, Hua Dong, and Hao Xiang Wang. "A New Automatic Focusing Algorithm and its Application on Vision Measuring Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1523.

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The way to realize the automatic focusing rapidly and efficiently is a focus in some automatic optical inspection case. The key problem is how to select a suitable focusing evaluation function and design an effective auto-focusing algorithm. In this paper, based on comparing some well-known focusing evaluation functions, a new automatic focusing algorithm was presented. It used two steps to do the search. At the first step, it searched a large region quickly just to get the approximate focusing position, the next step was to do precise search in a small area in order to get the exact focusing position. This new algorithm performed well on the vision measuring machine and could focus rapidly and exactly.

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