Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Optical lattice clocks'

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1

Barber, Zeb. "Ytterbium optical lattice clock." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3284459.

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2

He, Wei. "Towards miniaturized strontium optical lattice clock." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7460/.

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Optical atomic clocks with precisions and accuracies in the 10\(^-\)\(^1\)\(^8\) level [1] are now the most advanced man-made timekeeping devices. They outperform the microwave cesium atomic clocks that realize the SI definition of the second. Scaling down the size of optical atomic clocks may open the door to a range of industrial and space applications. In this thesis, the design and preliminary results of a compact strontium cooling system are presented. In the first cooling stage, the high power 461 nm laser with 300 mW output features a modular design, while smaller laser sources for demonstrating a strontium magneto-optical trap have also been investigated. An innovative design that couples a spectroscopy cell directly into the scientific chamber reduces the overall size and power consumption of the system. Additionally, using strontium oxide as a source of strontium atoms suitable for optical clocks has achieved initial success. For the first time, a single-beam MOT configuration is applied to strontium. In this novel apparatus, the blue MOT and red MOT broadband cooling phases are able to trap 5x10\(^6\) and 1000 atoms, respectively. This work shows promising progress towards developing a functional miniaturized strontium optical lattice clock.
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3

Bridge, Elizabeth Michelle. "Towards a strontium optical lattice clock." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a96e73fe-f17b-4738-be1d-34429b5b4a05.

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Due to the recent success, in terms of accuracy and precision, of a number of strontium optical lattice optical frequency standards, and the classification of the 5s2 1S0 to 5s5p 3P0 transition in neutral strontium as a secondary definition of the SI unit of the second, many new strontium lattice clocks are under development. The strontium optical lattice clock (Sr OLC) at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) is one such project. This thesis describes the design and build of the NPL Sr OLC, discussing the considerations behind the design. Details of the first cooling stage are given, which includes the characterisation of a novel permanent-magnet Zeeman slower by measurements of the longitudinal velocity distributions and loading of the MOT at 461 nm. Development of a narrow linewidth laser system at 689 nm is described, which is used for initial spectroscopy of the second-stage cooling transition. In particular, this work describes progress towards two independent ultra-narrow linewidth clock lasers. The new generation of strontium lattice clock experiments have focused on characterising the systematic frequency shifts and reducing their associated fractional frequency uncertainties, as well as reducing the fractional frequency instability of the measurement. One focus of the Sr OLC at NPL is to help characterise the frequency shift of the clock transition due to black-body radiation (BBR), which is currently the largest contributor to the uncertainty budget of the measured clock frequency. Our approach, discussed here, is to make a direct, differential measurement of the shift with the atoms housed alternately in environments of differing temperatures. Better characterisation and control of the BBR frequency shift of the strontium clock transition is crucial for the future of the Sr OLC as a leading frequency standard.
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4

Hobson, Richard. "An optical lattice clock with neutral strontium." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d52faaaf-307c-4b48-847f-be590f46136f.

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Strontium optical lattice clocks can measure the passage of time with extraordinary precision. Capitalising on this precision, we can anticipate the deployment of lattice clocks to search for new physics beyond the standard model, to build new technologies for geodesy and navigation, and potentially to underpin a future redenition of the SI second. This thesis reports on the construction and evaluation of a robust Sr optical lattice clock at NPL. We describe the apparatus needed to capture, cool, and load samples of neutral strontium atoms into a magic-wavelength, far off-resonant lattice trap at 813 nm. We provide details of our optical local oscillator - the "clock laser" - and how it is used to realise an Sr-referenced optical frequency standard. We rigorously characterise the various contributing factors which limit the performance of the clock, focusing on the standard measures of (1) frequency instability, and (2) systematic frequency uncertainty. Finally, we introduce new innovations for improving the accuracy of the 88Sr lattice clock, including methods of "modified hyper-Ramsey" and multi-photon spectroscopy of the clock transition.
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5

Smith, Lyndsie Laura. "A transportable strontium optical lattice clock towards space." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7132/.

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This work presents the realisation and characterisation of the world’s smallest transportable optical lattice clock as part of the Space Optical Clocks 2 EU project built at the University of Birmingham. Housed in a transportable rack of dimensions 170 x 100 x 60 cm, such a device aims to measure the frequency of the doubly-forbidden 1S0−3P0 clock transition in 88Sr in an unprecedented compact apparatus as a major technological milestone towards an optical clock upon the International Space Station. A master optical clock in space would serve with unrivalled accuracy and stability to disseminate a precise and accurate reference for terrestrial clocks and the coordination of international time. Such a clock has the potential to redefine the second, revolutionise timekeeping and precision measurements, and perform fundamental science experiments in space. Using a combination of novel design, innovative cooling techniques, and robust, compact commercially available products, the clock portability, robustness and operational simplicity have been improved. The apparatus simply and effectively cools and traps up to 105 88Sr atoms at a temperature of 1.3±0.2μK in an optical lattice with a lifetime of 0.52±0.01s within 400ms. The most recent preliminary clock spectroscopy measurement was 3.6 ± 0.2Hz. The instability of the clock has been measured at 8×10−17 after averaging for 300s with the goal instability being 5.8×10−17 within the same averaging time. These results show the experiment will lead transportable optical clock research and continue with the goal of being a master clock in space.
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6

Ludlow, Andrew D. "The strontium optical lattice clock: Optical spectroscopy with sub-hertz accuracy." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3308676.

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7

Origlia, Stefano [Verfasser]. "A high-performance bosonic optical lattice clock / Stefano Origlia." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169393357/34.

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8

Abou, Jaoudeh Charbel [Verfasser]. "Setup of a Transportable Yb Optical Lattice Clock / Charbel Abou Jaoudeh." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1082033316/34.

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9

Grotti, Jacopo [Verfasser]. "A transportable optical lattice clock for metrology and geodesy / Jacopo Grotti." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172414173/34.

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10

Yu, QinQin. "Characterization of a two-color magneto-optical trap for a spin-squeezed optical lattice clock." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100323.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-58).
We experimentally realize a magneto-optical trap (MOT) for ytterbium that simultaneously scatters light from two atomic transitions, in order to reduce the minimum magnetic field gradient required for trapping atoms. From the experimental data, we propose a model of the MOT where one transition is responsible for trapping the atoms the other transition is responsible for cooling the atoms. In order to test this model and to better understand the dynamics of this two-color MOT, we perform numerical simulations of the contributions of each transition to the steady-state number of trapped atoms. We then compare the results of the simulations with the experimental results and conclude that the model of the separated trapping and cooling functions is a good model for the two-color MOT. Finally, we examine other elements for which the two-color MOT is possible and derive a condition for the linewidths of the two transitions such that the atoms are trapped.
by QinQin Yu.
S.B.
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11

Petersen, Michael. "Laser-cooling of Neutral Mercury and Laser-spectroscopy of the 1S0-3P0 optical clock transition." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00405200.

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12

Ponath, Thomas Georg [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Sengstock. "Probing Ytterbium quantum gases in an optical lattice using the clock transition / Thomas Georg Ponath ; Betreuer: Klaus Sengstock." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163728861/34.

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13

Winfred, Joseph Sundar Raaj Vellore [Verfasser]. "Investigation of collisional losses and decoherence in a 1-D optical lattice clock with 88Sr / Joseph Sundar Raaj Vellore Winfred." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1009543598/34.

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14

Mandt, Stephan [Verfasser], Achim Akademischer Betreuer] Rosch, Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] [Altland, and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Schützhold. "Transport and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics in Optical Lattices : From Expanding Atomic Clouds to Negative Absolute Temperatures / Stephan Mandt. Gutachter: Achim Rosch ; Alexander Altland ; Ralf Schützhold." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1038227941/34.

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15

Mandt, Stephan Verfasser], Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Rosch, Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] [Altland, and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Schützhold. "Transport and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics in Optical Lattices : From Expanding Atomic Clouds to Negative Absolute Temperatures / Stephan Mandt. Gutachter: Achim Rosch ; Alexander Altland ; Ralf Schützhold." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1038227941/34.

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16

Bilicki, Sławomir. "Horloges à réseau optique au strontium : comparaisons d'horloges pour des applications en physique fondamentale et échelles de temps." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066247/document.

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Cette thèse est consacrée aux progrès récents des horloges à réseau optique au strontium du LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris. L'incertitude systématique et la stabilité des horloges optiques sont 2 ordres de grandeur meilleures que les horloges atomiques micro-ondes au cesium qui réalisent la seconde SI, bénéficiant maintenent a des applications en physique fondamentale, astronomie et géosciences. Dans un futur proche, une redéfinition de la seconde SI est attendue, quand les horloges optiques se seront révélées aussi fiables et reproductibles que les horloges a micro-ondes. La thèse présente trois étapes décisives dans cette direction. Nous présentons un fonctionnemment operation quasi-continu de nos horloges Sr pendant plusieurs semaines. Des comparaisons de fréquences locales et à distance avec diverses références de fréquence micro-ondes et optiques montrent que les horloges optiques sont reproductibles par des laboratoires independants. Nous avons démontré un premier réseau tout optique entre des horloges optiques à l'échelle continentale. Les horloges au Sr ont été utilisées pour préparer 5 rapports de calibration du Temps Atomique International (TAI) qui ont été validés par le BIPM comme première contribution au TAI par des horloges optiques. Certains de ces résultats ont été utilisés pour borner l'amplitude d'une possible violation de l'invariance de Lorentz analysant les comparaisons d'horloges distantes. Enfin, nous avons effectué une caractérisation complète des déplacements de fréquence associés aux sources laser à semiconducteur utilisées pour le piégeage des atomes dans l'optique d'applications pour des horloges transportables et spatiales
This thesis describes the latest progresses regarding the Sr optical lattice clocks at LNE-SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris. Nowadays, the systematic uncertainty and stability of optical clocks are 2 orders of magnitude better than cesium microwave fountains currently realizing the SI second, with applications in fundamental physics, astronomy and geoscience. In the near future, a re-definition of the SI second is expected, once optical clocks are proven to be as reliable and reproducible as their microwave counterparts. The thesis presents three decisive steps in this direction. First, we demonstrate nearly continuous Sr clocks over several weeks. Second, local and remote frequency comparisons against various microwave and optical frequency standards show that OLCs are reproducible over time, and by independent laboratories. We notably demonstrated the first all-optical agreement between optical clocks at continental scale. Third, the Sr clocks were used to calibrate the Temps Atomique International (TAI). The five calibration reports, which we produced, were validated by the BIPM, as the first contribution to TAI with optical clocks. In addition, some of these results were used to improve bounds on a putative violation of the Lorentz invariance by testing the stability of the frequency ratio between remote clocks. Finally, we conducted a full characterization of the frequency shifts associated with semi-conductor laser sources for the trapping light, including optical measurements and frequency shifts measurements, with applications for transportable and space clocks
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17

Bosch, Aguilera Manel. "Coherence and relaxation of an optically-driven bosonic quantum gas : experiments with ultracold ytterbium atoms." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS174.

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Dans ce travail de thèse, je présente une série d'études expérimentales réalisées avec des gaz d'ytterbium ultrafroids excités sur différentes transitions optiques. L'ytterbium appartient à la famille des atomes dits alcalino-terreux. Ces atomes possèdent une structure électronique riche, avec une transition d’horloge exempte d’émission spontanée et une transition étroite d'intercombinaison. Avec des expériences de spectroscopie sur la transition d'horloge dans des réseaux optiques profonds, je montre notre capacité à exciter cette transition de manière cohérente pendant de longues périodes. Ce contrôle est ensuite utilisé dans un premier temps en tant qu'outil pour mesurer les longueurs de diffusion des états impliqués dans la transition d'horloge et ensuite, pour préparer un petit système quantique ouvert, où la dissipation prend la forme de pertes à deux corps. En branchant ce couplage adiabatiquement, on observe une forte suppression de ces pertes, ce qui est interprété comme une signature de l'effet Zénon quantique. J'utilise finalement ce transfert cohérent pour étudier la dynamique de relaxation d'un condensat de Bose-Einstein. Enfin, je développe une étude sur un système ouvert avec des interactions fortes. Ici, on induit artificiellement de la dissipation sous la forme d'émission spontanée en utilisant la transition d'intercombinaison, et j'étudie comment la cohérence spatiale d'un superfluide dans un réseau optique est détruite. Ces expériences révèlent que la présence d'interactions fortes protège partiellement une cohérence résiduelle et entraîne un développement non-triviale de la décohérence, révélant ainsi l'émergence d'un canal de relaxation subdiffusif
In this thesis I report on a series of experimental studies performed with ultracold ytterbium gases driven in different optical transitions. Ytterbium belongs to the family of the so-called alkaline-earth-like atoms, which feature a rich electronic structure, with an optical clock transition free of spontaneous emission, and a narrow intercombination transition, making them very appealing for metrological and quantum simulation proposals. By performing spectroscopy on the clock transition, I prove on a first set of experiments in deep optical lattices our ability to drive this transition coherently for long times. This coherent control is then used for different studies. First, as tool to measure the scattering lengths of the states involved in the clock transition. Then, to prepare a small open quantum system, where dissipation arises in the form of two-body losses. By enabling the coupling adiabatically, we observe a strong suppression of these losses, which is interpreted as a signature of the quantum Zeno effect. I ultimately use the coherent driving to study the relaxation dynamics of a dissipative bulk Bose-Einstein condensate. Finally, I elaborate an investigation on a strongly-interacting open system. Dissipation is artificially induced in the form of spontaneous emission using the intercombination transition. Here, I study in which manner spontaneous emission destroys the spatial coherence of a superfluid in an optical lattice. These experiments reveal that the presence of strong interactions partially protects a residual amount of coherence and makes decoherence develop in a non-trivial manner, unveiling the emergence of a subdiffusive relaxation channel
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18

Majewska, Iwona. "Theoretical description of ultracold strontium molecules in an optical lattice: control of photodissociation and interpretation of molecular clock experiments." Doctoral thesis, 2021. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/4057.

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Ultracold molecules, i.e. molecules cooled down below 1 mK are subject of interdisciplinary, fast-growing research due to their manifestly quantum nature. The progress in the field of ultracold molecules is driven by a variety of their applications including high-precision spectroscopy and search for the new physics beyond the standard model, detailed study and control over chemical reactions, or even quantum simulations and information processing. The main subject of this thesis is the theoretical description of ultracold strontium dimer, in particular its photodissociation and high-precision spectroscopy in the molecular clock setup. It was realized in collaboration with the experimental group of Professor Tanya Zelevinsky at the Columbia University in New York. Photodissociation in the ultracold regime can be realized with full control over the initial molecular and final atomic quantum states. It gives a unique opportunity to investigate the dependence of the distributions of the dissociated atoms on the molecular state and the laser configuration. At ultralow energies, the photodissociation cross section is best described by the quantum-mechanical model. In contrast, for higher energies a variety of quasiclassical approximations can be introduced. In the thesis, the crossover between the quantum and quasiclassical regime is thoroughly investigated. The surprising failure of the widely used quasiclassical model of photodissociation is explained by taking into account the bosonic or fermionic nuclear spin statistics of the photofragments. External electric or magnetic fields are basic tools to control molecular states and chemical reactions at ultracold temperatures. In an external magnetic field, Zeeman coupling stimulates transitions to higher rotational states, otherwise forbidden by the selection rules. The quantum model of photodissociation cross section in the magnetic field has been derived. It fully explains unusual experimental patterns by considering the forbidden transitions and the separation of the atomic magnetic sublevels. Optical atomic clocks are among the most precise scientific instruments ever invented. While molecular clocks are unlikely to reach that level of precision, they access different kinds of fundamental measurements. These include tests of time variation of the fundamental constants, search for the new gravity-like forces and probing of interatomic interactions at large interatomic distances including the relativistic and quantum electrodynamics effects. The group of Zelevinsky reported the first optical molecular clock based on vibrational states of the strontium dimer. The theoretical description of this clock is another major goal of the present thesis. The task includes calculations of the molecular lifetimes, polarizabilities, scattering rates and of the influence of the black body radiation on the clock frequency. The crucial concept in high-precision clocks is the state-insensitive, or magic trapping. It is based on a careful selection of the trapping laser frequency for which Stark shifts of the clock states are equal and cancel. For the reported molecular clock, magic trapping is achieved by setting the laser frequency close to a resonance between the lower clock state and the excited state. To guide the choice of the frequency of the trapping laser, a new model of the excited states manifold has been proposed. It combines the state-of-the-art ab initio electronic structure calculations with highly precise experimental transition frequencies and strengths. It proves accurate for both near-atomic-threshold and deeply bound rovibrational states. It was essential in engineering the improved magic trap that led to longer coherence times of the clock states. Five papers, published in international scientific journals, constitute the core of the thesis. They contain a detailed account of the obtained results and a thorough comparison between theory and experiment.
Ultrazimne cząsteczki, czyli cząsteczki schłodzone do temperatury poniżej 1 mK, są przedmiotem intensywnych badań interdyscyplinarnych. Ich własności mają charakter czysto kwantowy. Postęp w dziedzinie ultrazimnych cząsteczek jest napędzany przez ich zróżnicowane zastosowania. Obejmują one spektroskopię wysokiej rozdzielczości, poszukiwanie nowej fizyki poza modelem standardowym, badania reakcji chemicznych oraz ich kontrolę, a także symulatory i komputery kwantowe. Przedmiotem rozprawy doktorskiej jest opis teoretyczny ultrazimnego dimeru strontu, w szczególności jego fotodysocjacji i pomiarów spektroskopowych wysokiej precyzji przy użyciu zegara molekularnego. Badania były realizowane we współpracy z zespołem eksperymentalnym prof. Tanyi Zelevinsky z Uniwersytetu Columbia w Nowym Jorku. Prowadzenie fotodysocjacji w ultrazimnych temperaturach pozwala na pełną kontrolę nad stanami kwantowymi reagentów. Stwarza to niepowtarzalną okazję, aby zbadać zależność rozkładu kątowego zdysocjowanych atomów od stanu początkowego cząsteczek i właściwości lasera. Dla bardzo niskich energii konieczne jest zastosowanie opisu kwantowego przekroju czynnego na fotodysocjację. Wyniki dla wyższych energii pozwalają na wprowadzenie i przetestowanie zróżnicowanych modeli kwaziklasycznych. W prezentowanej pracy doktorskiej badane jest przejście między dwoma reżimami energetycznymi: kwantowym i kwaziklasycznym. Zaskakująca niezgodność szeroko stosowanego modelu kwaziklasycznego z obserwacjami eksperymentalnymi została wyjaśniona przez uwzględnienie bozonowej lub fermionowej statystyki spinowej jąder zdysocjowanych atomów. Podstawowym narzędziem kontroli stanów molekularnych i reakcji chemicznych w reżimie ultrazimnym jest zewnętrzne pole elektryczne lub magnetyczne. Sprzężenia Zeemana, obecne w zewnętrznym polu magnetycznym, zaburzają reguły wyboru i stymulują przejścia do wyższych stanów rotacyjnych. W prezentowanej rozprawie wyprowadzono kwantowy model fotodysocjacji w zewnętrznym polu magnetycznym. W pełni wyjaśnia on nietypowe obserwacje eksperymentalne przez uwzględnienie sprzężeń rotacyjnych Zeemana i rozszczepienia stanów atomowych. Optyczne zegary atomowe są jednymi z najdokładniejszych urządzeń pomiarowych znanych ludzkości. Zegary molekularne prawdopodobnie ich nie dościgną. Jednakże mają one własne unikalne zastosowania, takie jak testy zmian w czasie stałych fundamentalnych, poszukiwania nowych sił zależnych od masy czy badanie oddziaływań międzyatomowych z uwzględnieniem efektów relatywistycznych i elektrodynamiki kwantowej. Zespół prof. Zelevinsky zaprezentował pierwszy na świecie zegar molekularny oparty na stanach wibracyjnych dimeru strontu. Opis teoretyczny tego zegara jest kolejną ważną częścią prezentowanej rozprawy. Obejmuje on obliczenia czasów życia stanów molekularnych, polaryzowalności, współczynników rozpraszania i wpływu promieniowania ciała doskonale czarnego na częstotliwość zegara. Niezależne od stanu, tak zwane magiczne pułapkowanie było kluczowym pomysłem dla rozwoju zegarów wysokiej precyzji. Polega ono na takim doborze częstotliwości pułapkującego lasera, aby przesunięcia Starka stanów zegarowych były równe. Dla badanego zegara molekularnego magiczne pułapkowanie jest osiągnięte poprzez wybór częstości lasera w pobliżu rezonansu między niższym stanem zegarowym a wybranym stanem wzbudzonym. Aby zoptymalizować ten wybór, w rozprawie przedstawiono nowy model struktury elektronowej stanów wzbudzonych. Łączy on obliczenia ab initio wysokiej dokładności z eksperymentalnymi energiami i siłami przejść. Jego dokładność została zademonstrowana zarówno dla stanów głęboko związanych, jak i podprogowych. Nowy model pozwolił usprawnić eksperyment poprzez wydłużenie czasu koherencji układu zegarowego. Pięć artykułów badawczych opublikowanych w międzynarodowych czasopismach naukowych stanowi rdzeń niniejszej rozprawy. Zawierają one dokładny opis otrzymanych wyników i ich zestawienie z eksperymentem.
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19

Piotrowski, Marcin. "Zastosowanie metrologiczne zimnych atomów pułapkowanych optycznie." Praca doktorska, 2015. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/48897.

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Abstract:
Rozprawa omawia wybrane zastosowania metrologiczne zimnych atomów pułapkowanych optycznie na przykładzie dwóch eksperymentów: pułapki dipolowej dla zimnych atomów rubidu oraz sieci optycznej dla atomów strontu, będącej częścią większego przedsięwzięcia: pierwszego polskiego atomowego zegara optycznego. Optyczna pułapka dipolowa dla atomów rubidu powstała w laboratorium Zimnych Atomów Zakładu Fotoniki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Celem budowy nowego stanowiska eksperymentalnego jest możliwości badania nieliniowych efektów magnetooptycznych, jak na przykład efekt Fardaya do celów precyzyjnej magnetometrii. W pierwszym etapie atomy rubidu są chłodzone w dwuwymiarowej pułapce magneto-optycznej (2D-MOT), formując strumień wstępnie schłodzonych atomów dla trójwymiarowej pułapki magnetooptycznej (3D-MOT). Proces przeładowania i formowania wiązki i jest szczegółowo opisany i scharakteryzowany.Następnie zimne atomy są do pułapki optycznej dipolowej (ODT), która przestrzennie przekrywa się z 3D-MOT. Rozprawa opisuje wyniki badania efektu Faradaya w optycznej pułapce dipolowej. Sieć optyczna dla atomów strontu jest częścią budowy Polskiego Optycznego Zegara Atomowego (POZA) w Krajowym Laboratorium Fizyki Atomowej, Molekularnej i Optycznej. Szczegółowo opisana jest aparatura tworząca strontowy standard częstotliwości dla zegara atomowego. Omówione są wyniki badania spektroskopii ultra-wąskiego przejścia zegarowego w próbkach atomów Strontu oraz stabilności stworzonego na jego bazie zegara optycznego.
Two experiments with laser-cooled atoms held in an optical dipole traps are described in the dissertation. First is dedicated to non-linear magneto-optical effects in rubidium atoms, while second is devoted to optical lattice trap for strontium atoms. Selected metrological applications of optically trapped cold atoms in both experiments are discussed and presented. A dipole trap setup has been built at the Department of Photonics in Jagiellonian University. It is aimed at investigations of nonlinear magneto-optical effects like precise magnetometry by Faraday effect. A compact two-dimensional magneto optical (2D-MOT) trap with permanent magnets serves as a source of cold rubidium atoms for further cooling in three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (3D-MOT). The 2D-MOT is described and characterised. The results of the loading an optical dipole trap (ODT) from a the 3D-MOT are then presented. It is followed by the results of a Faraday rotation of a resonant laser beam with atoms confined in the final stage of confinement in ODT. The strontium lattice experiment is a part of a larger project: the construction of the first polish optical atomic clock (project Polish Optical Atomic Clock) at the National Laboratory for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. An introduction to time and frequency metrology with optical clocks is given. We describe strontium atoms confined in the optical lattice as a frequency reference for the optical clock in detail. The results of precision spectroscopy of ultra- narrow clock transition in bosonic Sr-88 and the measurements of the clock stability based on atomic reference are presented and discussed.
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