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Journal articles on the topic 'Optical fibre'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Optical fibre.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 September 2023

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1

Żmojda, Jacek, Piotr Miluski, Marcin Kochanowicz, Jan Dorosz, Agata Baranowska, Magdalena Leśniak, and Dominik Dorosz. "Luminescent properties of active optical fibers." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.908.

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Luminescent optical fibres are one of the most important photonics elements as they allow to construct high power fibre lasers and different unique optical sources in the broad range from UV to IR. The most important requirements cover efficient luminescence core materials and easily pumped optical fibre constructions. Depends on the applications the variety of optical fibres have been proposed based on glasses and polymers. In the paper some recent constructions developed in Bialystok Photonics Group have been shown. Full Text: PDF ReferencesA. Zajac, D. Dorosz, M. Kochanowicz, M. Skórczakowski, J. Świderski, "Fibre lasers - conditioning constructional and technological", Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech. 58, 4 (2010) CrossRef M. Kochanowicz, J. Zmojda, P. Miluski, A. Baranowska, M. Leich, A. Schwuchow, M. Jager, M. Kuwik, J. Pisarska, W. A. Pisarski, D.Dorosz, "Tm3+/Ho3+ co-doped germanate glass and double-clad optical fiber for broadband emission and lasing above 2 µm", Optical Materials Express, 9, 3 (2019) CrossRef J. Zmojda, M. Kochanowicz, P. Miluski, W.A., Pisarski, J. Pisarska, R. Jadach, M. Sitarz, D. Dorosz, "Structural and optical properties of antimony-germanate-borate glass and glass fiber co-doped Eu3+ and Ag nanoparticles", Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 201 (2018) CrossRef P. Miluski, M. Kochanowicz, J. Zmojda, A. Baranowska, D. Dorosz, "Energy transfer of Tb(tmhd)3 - Rhodamine B in poly(methyl methacrylate) fiber for new photonic applications", Optical Materials 87, 132 (2019) CrossRef

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2

Richardson, D. J. "New optical fibres for high-capacity optical communications." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2062 (March 6, 2016): 20140441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0441.

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Researchers are within a factor of 2 or so from realizing the maximum practical transmission capacity of conventional single-mode fibre transmission technology. It is therefore timely to consider new technological approaches offering the potential for more cost-effective scaling of network capacity than simply installing more and more conventional single-mode systems in parallel. In this paper, I review physical layer options that can be considered to address this requirement including the potential for reduction in both fibre loss and nonlinearity for single-mode fibres, the development of ultra-broadband fibre amplifiers and finally the use of space division multiplexing.

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3

Dorosz, D., J. Dorosz, A. Zając, J. Żmojda, and M. Kochanowicz. "Active optical fibres for application in laser and broadband ASE sources." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10175-012-0078-6.

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Abstract The article brings into focus the present state of technology employing active fibres doped with rare earth (RE) ions for applications requiring power supply of several dozen watts and broadband ASE sources. Current trends in development of glasses and in construction of active fibres used in fibre sources of radiation within VIS-NIR range are presented. Technological constraints in the doping of fibre core glasses are discussed, with particular consideration of optimal RE concentration for technical applications. Characteristics of glasses are offered, and the glasses are used for manufacturing optical fibres with luminescence within the visible as well as near- and mid-infrared ranges. Also, requirements and luminescence properties concerning glasses co-doped with e.g. Nd3+/Yb3+,Tm3+/Ho3+ and Yb3+/Tb3+ are discussed. Results of research on the impact of technological parameters of glass matrices on luminescence properties of core glasses and optical fibres are quoted. For the doped glasses of which luminescence in a wide spectral range is desired, conditions for their processing into optical fibre systems are mentioned. Additionally, the impact of phonon energy in the glass on producing emission in a specified spectral range is analyzed. Furthermore, the article presents directions of technological studies to solve problems persisting in the phase of glass matrix design, as well as in determining the influence of fibre drawing process on the luminescence properties of core glasses and optical fibres, confirming the differences in luminescence stemming from the drawing process. Finally, some original designs of core glasses and active multicore fibre systems devised for construction of fibre radiation sources are presented.

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4

Rufai, Olubukola, Mayank Gautam, Prasad Potluri, and Matthieu Gresil. "Optimisation of optical fibre using micro-braiding for structural health monitoring." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 2 (November 11, 2018): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18810805.

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Structural health monitoring is a fast growing area used to assess the state of various structures such as aircraft, building, bridge, wind turbine, pipe, automobile through appropriate data processing and interpretation. This article presents a novel technique of optimising the conventional optical fibres used for structural health monitoring, in order to improve their mechanical properties, and handling during the manufacturing process by micro-braiding the optical fibres. This study investigates and compares the tensile properties of the both micro-braided optical fibre and conventional optical fibres through uniaxial tensile tests. Experimental results show 85% improvement in strain at failure for the micro-braided optical fibre when compared to the optical fibres. Moreover, interfacial shear strength comparison, of the braiding yarn, between optical fibres and micro-braided optical fibre (carried out through micro-bond test) has also been conducted. In addition, the effect of embedding both micro-braided and conventional optical fibre in composite was also investigated by three-point bend test. Overall, the mechanical performance of the composite was not affected by the presence of micro-braided optical fibre. This article will also discuss the process and the advantage of micro-braided optical fibre for structural health monitoring.

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5

Adams, M. J. "Optical Fibre." IEE Review 35, no. 7 (1989): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ir:19890123.

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6

Black, P. W. "Optical Fibre." Electronics & Communications Engineering Journal 2, no. 2 (1990): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ecej:19900020.

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7

Parries, M. C. "Optical fibre." Contemporary Physics 30, no. 4 (July 1989): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107518908225520.

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8

Raj, Rajnish, Pooja Lohia, and D. K. Dwivedi. "Optical Fibre Sensors for Photonic Applications." Sensor Letters 17, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2019.4152.

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Recent development in optical fiber and numerous advantages of light over electronic system have boosted the utility and demand for optical fibre sensor in modern era. Optical fibre sensor is used to measure the various parameters like temperature, pressure, vibration, rotation etc. Optical fibre sensor offers a wide spectrum of advantage over traditional sensing system in terms of longer lifetime and small in size. Optical fibre has been considered as not only the substitutes of conventional sensors but also the unique solutions in the field of scientific engineering and industrial research. This paper reports the status of optical fibre sensor and its application in detail.

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9

Canning, John, Nathaniel Groothoff, Kevin Cook, Cicero Martelli, Alexandre Pohl, John Holdsworth, Somnath Bandyopadhyay, and Michael Stevenson. "Gratings in Structured Optical Fibres." Laser Chemistry 2008 (December 1, 2008): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/239417.

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Grating writing in structured optical fibres and their properties and applications are reviewed. To date, most gratings have been written in a straightforward manner into structured fibres containing a photosensitive germanosilicate step-index core. However, gratings have also been written directly into single material, structured silica fibres and into air-clad cores using two and higher-photon processes with both UV and near IR pulsed (nanosecond-femtosecond) light. Given the intrinsic-added functionality possible within a structured optical fibre, structured fibre gratings offer further capabilities for sensors, diagnostics, lasers, and devices.

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10

Bunge, Christian-Alexander, Jan Kallweit, Levent Colakoglu, and Thomas Gries. "Analysis of Fibre Cross-Coupling Mechanisms in Fibre-Optical Force Sensors." Sensors 21, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072402.

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The force-enhanced light coupling between two optical fibres is investigated for the application in a pressure or force sensor, which can be arranged into arrays and integrated into textile surfaces. The optical coupling mechanisms such as the influence of the applied force, the losses at the coupling point and the angular alignment of the two fibres are studied experimentally and numerically. The results reveal that most of the losses occur at the deformation of the pump fibre. Only a small percentage of the cross-coupled light from the pump fibre is actually captured by the probe fibre. Thus, the coupling and therefore the sensor signal can be strongly increased by a proper crossing angle between the fibres, which lead to a coupling efficiency of 3%, a sensitivity improvement of more than 20 dB compared to the orthogonal alignment of the two fibres.

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11

Everett, V., KT Jones, GB Scelsi, and GA Woolsey. "Measurement of Electrical Discharge Parameters Using Optical Fibres." Australian Journal of Physics 48, no. 3 (1995): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph950527.

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A consequence of the development of optical fibre technology for communications has been the application of optical fibres to the sensing of a wide range of physical and chemical parameters. Many of the properties of fibres that are important for communications' are significant for sensing: these include their insulating nature, their small dimensions, and their immunity to high voltage and electromagnetic radiation. These attributes are particularly significant for sensing electrical discharges, and this review presents a discussion of the potential of optical fibre sensing for discharge parameters, the results of some recent optical fibre measurements made on corona and glow discharges, and suggestions for other discharge. probing approaches using optical fibres.

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12

Piggott, M. R., and D. Loken. "Mesostructures and the Tensile Strength and Fatigue Endurance of Aligned Fibre Composites." Engineering Plastics 1, no. 4 (January 1993): 147823919300100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919300100402.

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Mesostructures are structures which are middle rank in size, and usually unintentional. They provide a direct link between production processing and final properties of a composite. In this study an orientation mesostructure, i.e. fibre waviness, was artificially introduced into aligned carbon fibre composites using optical fibres (80–250 μm in diameter) oriented at right angles to the carbon. Although this caused severe curvature of the fibres, it was over very short lengths (a few microns) and appeared not to be the cause of the reduction in tensile strength of these composites. Instead it was concluded that the fibre crowding effect in the cross section of the optical fibre caused fibre contacts, and hence fibre damage, which weakened the composite. The tensile strengths of the composites without the optical fibres were higher than values quoted by the manufacturers, but were still less than theoretical values, probably due to stress concentrations in the end tabs. Better tensile testing methods therefore appear to be needed before embarking on a more detailed examination of the effect of mesostructures on tensile strength of unidirectional composites. Fibre waviness has also been suggested as a possible initiator of damage during the fatigue of aligned fibre composites. In this work, the presence of the optical fibres induced “ply cutting”. This could have resulted from the fibres in the regions of high fibre volume fraction rubbing against each other. The largest optical fibre caused, in addition, massive splitting of the specimen, in agreement with a mechanism previously proposed for the early stages of fatigue failure of these composites.

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13

Piggott, M. R., and D. Loken. "Mesostructures and the Tensile Strength and Fatigue Endurance of Aligned Fibre Composites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 1, no. 4 (January 1993): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119300100402.

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Mesostructures are structures which are middle rank in size, and usually unintentional. They provide a direct link between production processing and final properties of a composite. In this study an orientation mesostructure, i.e. fibre waviness, was artificially introduced into aligned carbon fibre composites using optical fibres (80–250 μm in diameter) oriented at right angles to the carbon. Although this caused severe curvature of the fibres, it was over very short lengths (a few microns) and appeared not to be the cause of the reduction in tensile strength of these composites. Instead it was concluded that the fibre crowding effect in the cross section of the optical fibre caused fibre contacts, and hence fibre damage, which weakened the composite. The tensile strengths of the composites without the optical fibres were higher than values quoted by the manufacturers, but were still less than theoretical values, probably due to stress concentrations in the end tabs. Better tensile testing methods therefore appear to be needed before embarking on a more detailed examination of the effect of mesostructures on tensile strength of unidirectional composites. Fibre waviness has also been suggested as a possible initiator of damage during the fatigue of aligned fibre composites. In this work, the presence of the optical fibres induced “ply cutting”. This could have resulted from the fibres in the regions of high fibre volume fraction rubbing against each other. The largest optical fibre caused, in addition, massive splitting of the specimen, in agreement with a mechanism previously proposed for the early stages of fatigue failure of these composites.

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14

Kobayashi, M., R. Nagase, S. Asakawa, S. Mitachi, and S. Iwano. "Patterned optical ribbon fibre with fibre physical contact connector for optical fibre interconnection." Electronics Letters 33, no. 20 (1997): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19971132.

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15

Þorsteinsson, Sæmundur E. "Nýting ljósleiðara á Íslandi." Icelandic Journal of Engineering 23 (April 28, 2017): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ije.23.2.

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General deployment of optical fibre technology commenced in the eighties. Its introduction revolutionised the telecommunications arena and has become the foundation of most telecommunication systems in use today. Optical fibres connect continents and countries, are used in core and access networks and for backhauling of mobile communication systems. The internet would barely exist without optical fibres and globalisation would hardly have seen the dawn of light. Three submarine optical cables connect Iceland to the outside world; Farice and Danice connect Iceland to Europe and Greenland Connect to America via Greenland. The optical ring around Iceland constitutes the Icelandic core network. The ring passes by nearly all villages and towns and fibre deployment in the access network has reached an advanced state. Fibre deployment in rural areas has already begun and will presumably be finished in a few years. Iceland plays a leading role in fibre deployment. In this paper, fibre utilisation in Iceland will be described, both in core and access networks. Three different architectures for fibre deployment in the access network will be described. Competition on fibre networks will also be discussed.

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16

Simmons, H. W., C. E. Nockolds, G. R. Atkins, S. B. Poole, and M. G. Sceats. "Cathodoluminescence of defects in optical fibres and optical fibre preforms." Micron and Microscopica Acta 23, no. 3 (January 1992): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0739-6260(92)90032-9.

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17

Adams, M. J., and P. J. R. Laybourn. "Optical fibre measurements." IEE Proceedings J Optoelectronics 135, no. 3 (1988): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-j.1988.0036.

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18

GU, M., H. BAO, and H. KANG. "Fibre-optical microendoscopy." Journal of Microscopy 254, no. 1 (March 5, 2014): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmi.12119.

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19

Graindorge, Phillippe, and Hervé Arditty. "Optical fibre hydrophone." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 81, no. 2 (February 1987): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.394824.

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20

Pitt, G. D., P. Extance, R. C. Neat, D. N. Batchelder, R. E. Jones, J. A. Barnett, and R. H. Pratt. "Optical-fibre sensors." IETE Technical Review 3, no. 8 (August 1986): 379–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564602.1986.11438006.

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21

Augousti, A. "Optical fibre sensors." Optics & Laser Technology 23, no. 1 (February 1991): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(91)90048-s.

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22

Savage, Neil. "Optical fibre splicers." Nature Photonics 3, no. 6 (June 2009): 358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2009.90.

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23

Kao, Charles K. "Optical Fibre Communication." HKIE Transactions 4, no. 2-3 (January 1997): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023697x.1997.10667728.

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24

Pitt, G. D., P. Extance, R. C. Neat, D. N. Batchelder, R. E. Jones, J. A. Barnett, and R. H. Pratt. "Optical-fibre sensors." IEE Proceedings J Optoelectronics 132, no. 4 (1985): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-j.1985.0047.

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25

Shah, Y., R. A. Valsler, and A. W. Palmer. "Optical fibre plethysmograph." Journal of Biomedical Engineering 7, no. 4 (October 1985): 326–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-5425(85)90064-0.

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26

Shaw, M. M. "Optical fibre sensors." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 15, no. 1 (January 1991): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-8166(91)90008-h.

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27

Trettnak, Wolfgang, and Otto S. Wolfbeis. "Fibre-optical titrations." Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 326, no. 6 (January 1987): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00468224.

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28

Jelinek, Michal, Ondrej Cip, Josef Lazar, and Bretislav Mikel. "Design and Characterisation of an Optical Fibre Dosimeter Based on Silica Optical Fibre and Scintillation Crystal." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 7312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197312.

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In nuclear power plants, particle accelerators, and other nuclear facilities, measuring the level of ionising gamma radiation is critical for the safety and management of the operation and the environment’s protection. However, in many cases, it is impossible to monitor ionising radiation directly at the required location continuously. This is typically either due to the lack of space to accommodate the entire dosimeter or in environments with high ionising radiation activity, electromagnetic radiation, and temperature, which significantly shorten electronics’ lifetime. To allow for radiation measurement in such scenarios, we designed a fibre optic dosimeter that introduces an optical fibre link to deliver the scintillation radiation between the ionising radiation sensor and the detectors. The sensors can thus be placed in space-constrained and electronically hostile locations. We used silica optical fibres that withstand high radiation doses, high temperatures, and electromagnetic interference. We use a single photon counter and a photomultiplier to detect the transmitted scintillation radiation. We have shown that selected optical fibres, combined with different scintillation materials, are suitable for measuring gamma radiation levels in hundreds of kBq. We present the architecture of the dosimeter and its experimental characterisation with several combinations of optical fibres, detectors, and scintillation crystals.

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29

Ochoa, Mario, José Francisco Algorri, Pablo Roldán-Varona, Luis Rodríguez-Cobo, and José Miguel López-Higuera. "Recent Advances in Biomedical Photonic Sensors: A Focus on Optical-Fibre-Based Sensing." Sensors 21, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 6469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196469.

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In this invited review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in biomedical photonic sensors within the last five years. This review is focused on works using optical-fibre technology, employing diverse optical fibres, sensing techniques, and configurations applied in several medical fields. We identified technical innovations and advancements with increased implementations of optical-fibre sensors, multiparameter sensors, and control systems in real applications. Examples of outstanding optical-fibre sensor performances for physical and biochemical parameters are covered, including diverse sensing strategies and fibre-optical probes for integration into medical instruments such as catheters, needles, or endoscopes.

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30

Bayvel, Polina, Robert Maher, Tianhua Xu, Gabriele Liga, Nikita A. Shevchenko, Domaniç Lavery, Alex Alvarado, and Robert I. Killey. "Maximizing the optical network capacity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2062 (March 6, 2016): 20140440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0440.

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Most of the digital data transmitted are carried by optical fibres, forming the great part of the national and international communication infrastructure. The information-carrying capacity of these networks has increased vastly over the past decades through the introduction of wavelength division multiplexing, advanced modulation formats, digital signal processing and improved optical fibre and amplifier technology. These developments sparked the communication revolution and the growth of the Internet, and have created an illusion of infinite capacity being available. But as the volume of data continues to increase, is there a limit to the capacity of an optical fibre communication channel? The optical fibre channel is nonlinear, and the intensity-dependent Kerr nonlinearity limit has been suggested as a fundamental limit to optical fibre capacity. Current research is focused on whether this is the case, and on linear and nonlinear techniques, both optical and electronic, to understand, unlock and maximize the capacity of optical communications in the nonlinear regime. This paper describes some of them and discusses future prospects for success in the quest for capacity.

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31

Korposh, Sergiy, Stephen James, Seung-Woo Lee, and Ralph Tatam. "Tapered Optical Fibre Sensors: Current Trends and Future Perspectives." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 2294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102294.

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The development of reliable, affordable and efficient sensors is a key step in providing tools for efficient monitoring of critical environmental parameters. This review focuses on the use of tapered optical fibres as an environmental sensing platform. Tapered fibres allow access to the evanescent wave of the propagating mode, which can be exploited to facilitate chemical sensing by spectroscopic evaluation of the medium surrounding the optical fibre, by measurement of the refractive index of the medium, or by coupling to other waveguides formed of chemically sensitive materials. In addition, the reduced diameter of the tapered section of the optical fibre can offer benefits when measuring physical parameters such as strain and temperature. A review of the basic sensing platforms implemented using tapered optical fibres and their application for development of fibre-optic physical, chemical and bio-sensors is presented.

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32

Young, Alan C. "Optical Fibres in Radioastronomy." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 158 (1994): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900107661.

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Within the recently completed Australia Telescope, optical fibres are used extensively to carry wideband IF data, LO reference signals, timing signals and computer communications. This paper discusses the various options considered in the design of the optical fibre system.

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33

Chiodini, N., A. Vedda, and I. Veronese. "Rare Earth Doped Silica Optical Fibre Sensors for Dosimetry in Medical and Technical Applications." Advances in Optics 2014 (October 14, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/974584.

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Radioluminescence optical fibre sensors are gaining importance since these devices are promising in several applications like high energy physics, particle tracking, real-time monitoring of radiation beams, and radioactive waste. Silica optical fibres play an important role thanks to their high radiation hardness. Moreover, rare earths may be incorporated to optimise the scintillation properties (emission spectrum, decay time) according to the particular application. This makes doped silica optical fibres a very versatile tool for the detection of ionizing radiation in many contexts. Among the fields of application of optical fibre sensors, radiation therapy represents a driving force for the research and development of new devices. In this review the recent progresses in the development of rare earth doped silica fibres for dosimetry in the medical field are described. After a general description of advantages and challenges for the use of optical fibre based dosimeter during radiation therapy treatment and diagnostic irradiations, the features of the incorporation of rare earths in the silica matrix in order to prepare radioluminescent optical fibre sensors are presented and discussed. In the last part of this paper, recent results obtained by using cerium, europium, and ytterbium doped silica optical fibres in radiation therapy applications are reviewed.

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34

Senior, J. M. "Optical Fibre Communications (OFC '88) and Optical Fibre Sensors (OFS '88)." Optics & Laser Technology 20, no. 4 (August 1988): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(88)90088-6.

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35

Canning, John. "Properties of Specialist Fibres and Bragg Gratings for Optical Fiber Sensors." Journal of Sensors 2009 (2009): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/871580.

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The advent of optical fibres based on air holes running along their entirety opens up new directions in addressing various properties relevant to sensing, including the temperature/strain challenge of optical fibre sensors. This paper looks at the measurement challenges associated with temperature and strain, examines the potentially unique functionality structured fibre designs with and without gratings open up, and briefly describes some current research directions within conventional fibre and grating technologies.

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36

Webb, David J. "Fibre Bragg grating sensors in polymer optical fibres." Measurement Science and Technology 26, no. 9 (August 19, 2015): 092004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/26/9/092004.

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37

Blow, K. J., and N. J. Doran. "Nonlinear effects in optical fibres and fibre devices." IEE Proceedings J Optoelectronics 134, no. 3 (1987): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-j.1987.0025.

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38

Dr. V. Murugesh, Dr Harikumar Pallathadka, and Rajesh P. Chinchewadi. "Review on Transparent Concrete for Construction Industry." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 04, no. 02 (2023): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2023.4208.

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This article discusses the use of translucent concrete and the benefits it offers in the field of smart construction, including the ability to reduce lighting power consumption, use optical fibre to detect structural stress, and use this concrete as an architectural feature for a pleasing aesthetic view of the building. By incorporating optical fibres into concrete, translucent concrete can have light-transmissive qualities. The fibre transmits light from one end to the other. Depending on the fibre structure, this causes a specific pattern of light to appear on the opposite surface. There is essentially no light loss when it is sent across optical fibres because of their efficiency. The difference between studies analysing the impact of employing various optical fibre ratios on the material strength and on energysaving came to the conclusion that the ideal ratio of fibres should range between 4.3% and 6% for energy-saving, while the right ratio should be less than 5% for strength. In the conclusion, we make suggestions for recommendations to close these gaps in knowledge.

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39

Peng, Chengyan, Xueliang Zhang, Zhangqi Song, and Zhou Meng. "Optimal tone detection for optical fibre vector hydrophone." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 12, no. 11 (November 2018): 1233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn.2018.5174.

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40

Kostecki, Roman, Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Stephen C. Warren-Smith, Grant McAdam, Claire Davis, and Tanya M. Monro. "Optical Fibres for Distributed Corrosion Sensing - Architecture and Characterisation." Key Engineering Materials 558 (June 2013): 522–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.558.522.

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This paper summarises recent work conducted on the development of exposed core microstructured optical fibres for distributed corrosion sensing. Most recently, exposed-core fibres have been fabricated in silica glass, which is known to be reliable under a range of processing and service environments. We characterise the stability of these new silica fibres when exposed to some typical sensing and storage environments. We show the background loss to be the best achieved to date for exposed-core fibres, while the transmission properties are up to ~2 orders of magnitude better than for the previously reported exposed-core fibres produced in soft glass. This provides a more robust fibre platform for corrosion sensing conditions and opens up new opportunities for distributed optical fibre sensors requiring long-term application in harsh environments.

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41

Fernando, Gerard F., Balkarransingh Degamber, Liwei Wang, Crispin Doyle, Guillaume Kister, and Brian Ralph. "Self-Sensing Fibre Reinforced Composites." Advanced Composites Letters 13, no. 2 (March 2004): 096369350401300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350401300203.

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This paper reports for the first time a demonstration of chemical process monitoring of conventional glass fibre reinforced composites where the reinforcing fibres themselves act as the optical fibre sensors. These fibres were used to study in real-time, the rate of chemical reaction between an epoxy resin and an amine hardener. These reinforcing fibre light guides were also subsequently used to study, in situ, the fracture sequence of the reinforcing fibres. This was achieved by imaging one end of the fibre bundle whilst illuminating the opposite end.

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42

Lai, Y. C., G. F. Qiu, W. Zhang, L. Zhang, I. Bennion, and K. T. V. Grattan. "Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Strain by Combining Active Fibre with Fibre Gratings." Measurement and Control 34, no. 6 (July 2001): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029400103400605.

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This paper reports on a novel optical fiber-based sensing system for conducting simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain. The sensor design is based on the combination of active fibre and fibre gratings. Addressing smart structure applications erbium/ytterbium co-doped fibre is used to meet the requirements for both high temperature responsivity and small sensor size. The temperature dependence of ASE power under different pump wavelengths is investigated. An optical reference is induced to enhance the measurement resolution. The feasibility of this technique for simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain is demonstrated.

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43

Rogers, A. J. "Distributed optical-fibre sensors." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 19, no. 12 (December 14, 1986): 2237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/19/12/004.

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44

Reynaud, F. "Optical fibre Babinet compensator." Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of the European Optical Society Part A 2, no. 3 (May 1993): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/2/3/004.

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45

Wilson, B., and Z. Ghassemlooy. "Analogue optical fibre communications." IEE Proceedings J Optoelectronics 140, no. 6 (1993): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-j.1993.0054.

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46

van Eijkelenborg, Martijn, Maryanne Large, Alexander Argyros, Joseph Zagari, Steven Manos, Nader Issa, Ian Bassett, et al. "Microstructured polymer optical fibre." Optics Express 9, no. 7 (September 24, 2001): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.9.000319.

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47

Murphy, M. M., and G. R. Jones. "Optical fibre pressure measurement." Measurement Science and Technology 4, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/4/3/002.

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48

Rogers, Alan. "Distributed optical-fibre sensing." Measurement Science and Technology 10, no. 8 (July 23, 1999): R75—R99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/10/8/201.

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49

Shiraishi, K., Y. Aizawa, T. Yanagi, and S. Kawakami. "Fibre-embedded optical isolator." Electronics Letters 25, no. 20 (1989): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19890892.

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50

Page-Jones, M. A., and J. K. A. Everard. "Optical-fibre spectrum analyser." Electronics Letters 26, no. 2 (1990): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19900080.

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