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Journal articles on the topic 'Optical fibre sensors'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Raj, Rajnish, Pooja Lohia, and D. K. Dwivedi. "Optical Fibre Sensors for Photonic Applications." Sensor Letters 17, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2019.4152.

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Recent development in optical fiber and numerous advantages of light over electronic system have boosted the utility and demand for optical fibre sensor in modern era. Optical fibre sensor is used to measure the various parameters like temperature, pressure, vibration, rotation etc. Optical fibre sensor offers a wide spectrum of advantage over traditional sensing system in terms of longer lifetime and small in size. Optical fibre has been considered as not only the substitutes of conventional sensors but also the unique solutions in the field of scientific engineering and industrial research. This paper reports the status of optical fibre sensor and its application in detail.

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2

Ochoa, Mario, José Francisco Algorri, Pablo Roldán-Varona, Luis Rodríguez-Cobo, and José Miguel López-Higuera. "Recent Advances in Biomedical Photonic Sensors: A Focus on Optical-Fibre-Based Sensing." Sensors 21, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 6469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196469.

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In this invited review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in biomedical photonic sensors within the last five years. This review is focused on works using optical-fibre technology, employing diverse optical fibres, sensing techniques, and configurations applied in several medical fields. We identified technical innovations and advancements with increased implementations of optical-fibre sensors, multiparameter sensors, and control systems in real applications. Examples of outstanding optical-fibre sensor performances for physical and biochemical parameters are covered, including diverse sensing strategies and fibre-optical probes for integration into medical instruments such as catheters, needles, or endoscopes.

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3

Pitt, G. D., P. Extance, R. C. Neat, D. N. Batchelder, R. E. Jones, J. A. Barnett, and R. H. Pratt. "Optical-fibre sensors." IETE Technical Review 3, no. 8 (August 1986): 379–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564602.1986.11438006.

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4

Augousti, A. "Optical fibre sensors." Optics & Laser Technology 23, no. 1 (February 1991): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(91)90048-s.

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5

Pitt, G. D., P. Extance, R. C. Neat, D. N. Batchelder, R. E. Jones, J. A. Barnett, and R. H. Pratt. "Optical-fibre sensors." IEE Proceedings J Optoelectronics 132, no. 4 (1985): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-j.1985.0047.

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6

Shaw, M. M. "Optical fibre sensors." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 15, no. 1 (January 1991): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-8166(91)90008-h.

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7

Nordmeyer, Ulrich, Niels Neumann, Xiaozhou Wang, Dirk Plettemeier, Torsten Thiel, and Konstantin Kojucharow. "Evaluation of optical fibre sensors in the electrical domain." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 9, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-9-199-2020.

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Abstract. Optical fibre sensors cover a wide range of applications. They offer versatile advantages including resilience to electromagnetic interference, biocompatibility and chemical resistivity. Even in environments with restricted accessibility, integration difficulties can be overcome by using radio-over-fibre (RoF) technology that allows a wireless read-out. Conventionally, optical fibre sensors are evaluated in the optical domain by analysing the amplitude or spectrum of either the transmitted or the reflected light. A novel approach is to feed a radio frequency-modulated laser into the optical sensor and carry out a full electrical analysis of the resulting radio frequency (RF) signal, which is changed by the sensor's characteristics. This method will be investigated in this paper for fibre Bragg grating-based and chirped fibre Bragg grating-based sensors in reflection and transmission configuration. Their applicability for this new evaluation scheme will be discussed. Subsequent studies may cover additional types of sensors and the testing of the novel evaluation method within an application-related scenario, including packaging.

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8

Rogers, A. J. "Distributed optical-fibre sensors." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 19, no. 12 (December 14, 1986): 2237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/19/12/004.

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9

Alder, John F. "Optical fibre chemical sensors." Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 324, no. 5 (January 1986): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00474109.

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10

Wada, Fumio. "Distributed optical fibre sensors." Optics & Laser Technology 24, no. 3 (June 1992): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(92)90128-o.

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11

Stoddart, P. R., and D. J. White. "Optical fibre SERS sensors." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 394, no. 7 (April 30, 2009): 1761–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-2797-6.

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12

Brambilla, Gilberto. "Optical fibre nanotaper sensors." Optical Fiber Technology 16, no. 6 (December 2010): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2010.08.009.

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13

Giles, I. P. "Distributed optical fibre sensors." Physics in Technology 18, no. 4 (July 1987): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4624/18/4/i02.

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14

Moś, Joanna Ewa, Karol Antoni Stasiewicz, and Leszek Roman Jaroszewicz. "Liquid crystal cell with a tapered optical fiber as an active element to optical applications." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i1.879.

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The work describes the technology of a liquid crystal cell with a tapered optical fiber as an element providing light. The tapered optical fiber with the total optical loss of 0.22 ± 0.07 dB, the taper waist diameter of 15.5 ± 0.5 μm, and the elongation of 20.4 ± 0.3 mm has been used. The experimental results are presented for a liquid crystal cell filled with a mixture 1550* for parallel orientation of LC molecules to the cross section of the taper waist. Measurement results show the influence of the electrical field with voltage in the range of 0-200 V, without, as well as with different modulation for spectral characteristics. The sinusoidal and square signal shapes are used with a 1-10 Hz frequency range. Full Text: PDF ReferencesZ. Liu, H. Y. Tam, L. Htein, M. L.Vincent Tse, C. Lu, "Microstructured Optical Fiber Sensors", J. Lightwave Technol. 35, 16 (2017). CrossRef T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman1, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domański, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, J. Wojcik "Influence of temperature and electrical fields on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres", Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 5 (2006). CrossRef K. Nielsen, D. Noordegraaf, T. Sørensen, A. Bjarklev,T. Hansen, "Selective filling of photonic crystal fibres", J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 7, 8 (2005). CrossRef A. A. Rifat, G. A. Mahdiraji, D. M. Chow, Y, Gang Shee, R. Ahmed, F. Rafiq, M Adikan, "Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with Selective Analyte Channels and Graphene-Silver Deposited Core", Sensors 15, 5 (2015) CrossRef Y. Huang, Z.Tian, L.P. Sun, D. Sun, J.Li, Y.Ran, B.-O. Guan "High-sensitivity DNA biosensor based on optical fiber taper interferometer coated with conjugated polymer tentacle", Opt. Express 23, 21 (2015). CrossRef X. Wang, O. S. Wolfbeis, "The 2016 Annual Review Issue", Anal. Chem., 88, 1 (2016). CrossRef Ye Tian, W. Wang, N. Wu, X. Zou, X.Wang, "Tapered Optical Fiber Sensor for Label-Free Detection of Biomolecules", Sensors 11, 4 (2011). CrossRef O. Katsunari, Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides, (London, Academic Press, (2006). DirectLink A. K. Sharma, J. Rajan, B.D. Gupta, "Fiber-Optic Sensors Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance: A Comprehensive Review", IEEE Sensors Journal 7, 8 (2007). CrossRef C. Caucheteur, T. Guo, J. Albert, "Review of plasmonic fiber optic biochemical sensors: improving the limit of detection", Anal. Bioanal.Chem. 407, 14 (2015). CrossRef S. F. Silva L. Coelho, O. Frazão, J. L. Santos, F. X.r Malcata, "A Review of Palladium-Based Fiber-Optic Sensors for Molecular Hydrogen Detection", IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 12, 1 (2012). CrossRef H. Waechter, J. Litman, A. H. Cheung, J. A. Barnes, H.P. Loock, "Chemical Sensing Using Fiber Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy", Sensors 10, 3 (2010). CrossRef S. Zhu, F. Pang, S. Huang, F.Zou, Y.Dong, T.Wang, "High sensitivity refractive index sensor based on adiabatic tapered optical fiber deposited with nanofilm by ALD", Opt. Express 23, 11 (2015). CrossRef L. Zhang, J. Lou, L. Tong, "Micro/nanofiber optical sensors", Photonics sensor 1, 1 (2011). CrossRef L.Tong, J. Lou, E. Mazur, "Single-mode guiding properties of subwavelength-diameter silica and silicon wire waveguides", Opt. Express 11, 6 (2004). CrossRef H. Moyyed, I. T. Leite, L. Coelho, J. L. Santos, D. Viegas, "Analysis of phase interrogated SPR fiber optic sensors with bimetallic layers", IEEE Sensors Journal 14, 10 (2014). CrossRef A. González-Cano, M. Cruz Navarette, Ó. Esteban, N. Diaz Herrera , "Plasmonic sensors based on doubly-deposited tapered optical fibers", Sensors 14, 3 (2014). CrossRef K. A. Stasiewicz, J.E. Moś, "Threshold temperature optical fibre sensors", Opt. Fiber Technol. 32, (2016). CrossRef L. Zhang, F. Gu, J. Lou, X. Yin, L. Tong, "Fast detection of humidity with a subwavelength-diameter fiber taper coated with gelatin film", Opt. Express 16, 17 (2008). CrossRef S.Zhu, F.Pang, S. Huang, F. Zou, Q. Guo, J. Wen, T. Wang, "High Sensitivity Refractometer Based on TiO2-Coated Adiabatic Tapered Optical Fiber via ALD Technology", Sensors 16, 8 (2016). CrossRef G.Brambilla, "Optical fibre nanowires and microwires: a review", J. Optics 12, 4 (2010) CrossRef M. Ahmad, L.L. Hench, "Effect of taper geometries and launch angle on evanescent wave penetration depth in optical fibers", Biosens. Bioelectron. 20, 7 (2005). CrossRef L.M. Blinov, Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials (New York, Springftianer, 1994). CrossRef L. Scolari, T.T. Alkeskjold, A. Bjarklev, "Tunable Gaussian filter based on tapered liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibre", Electron. Lett. 42, 22 (2006). CrossRef J. Moś, M. Florek, K. Garbat, K.A. Stasiewicz, N. Bennis, L.R. Jaroszewicz, "In-Line Tunable Nematic Liquid Crystal Fiber Optic Device", J. of Lightwave Technol. 36, 4 (2017). CrossRef J. Moś, K A Stasiewicz, K Garbat, P Morawiak, W Piecek, L R Jaroszewicz, "Tapered fiber liquid crystal hybrid broad band device", Phys. Scripta. 93, 12 (2018). CrossRef Ch. Veilleux, J. Lapierre, J. Bures, "Liquid-crystal-clad tapered fibers", Opt. Lett. 11, 11 (1986). CrossRef R. Dąbrowski, K. Garbat, S. Urban, T.R. Woliński, J. Dziaduszek, T. Ogrodnik, A,Siarkowska, "Low-birefringence liquid crystal mixtures for photonic liquid crystal fibres application", Liq. Cryst. 44, (2017). CrossRef S. Lacroix, R. J. Black, Ch. Veilleux, J. Lapierre, "Tapered single-mode fibers: external refractive-index dependence", Appl. Opt., 25, 15 (1986). CrossRef J.F. Henninot, D. Louvergneaux , N.Tabiryan, M. Warenghem, "Controlled Leakage of a Tapered Optical Fiber with Liquid Crystal Cladding", Mol. Cryst.and Liq.Cryst., 282, 1(1996). CrossRef

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15

Mohamad, Mazuina, and Hadi Manap. "An Overview of Optical Fibre Sensors for Medical Applications." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.1.2014.1.3.1003.

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Optical techniques developed for sensing purposes proved to be completely realized in many application fields, ranging from aerospace, industry, process control and medical. The capabilities of these sensors are generally enhanced when a bulk optical fibre technology. There is a growing need for a real time and low cost technology because of the expense and time constraints associated with modern laboratory analysis. This us certainly due the growing interest in aptoelectronics, but also the very satisfactory performance and reliability that optical fibre sensor are now able to provide. This paper focuses on the advantages that optical fibre sensos offer to the biomedical field, recalls the basic working principles of sensing and discusses some example.

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16

Munjal, Manish, Amit Grewal, and Harsh Yadav. "Optical Fibre Sensors and Methods." Journal of Advance Research in Electrical & Electronics Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2395) 1, no. 2 (February 28, 2014): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nneee.v1i2.260.

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This research paper is about a multi-mode fibre optic sensor for optically sensing a physical perturbation including a multi- mode optical fibre segment which accepts coherent monochromatic radiation from a suitable source. As the radiation is propagated in the fibre, the various modes form a complex interference pattern which changes in response to a physical perturbation of the fibre. A detector provides an output signal to a signal processor which analyzes the signal as a function of the change in intensity to provide an information signal functionally related to the perturbation.

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17

Bunge, Christian-Alexander, Jan Kallweit, Levent Colakoglu, and Thomas Gries. "Analysis of Fibre Cross-Coupling Mechanisms in Fibre-Optical Force Sensors." Sensors 21, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 2402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072402.

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The force-enhanced light coupling between two optical fibres is investigated for the application in a pressure or force sensor, which can be arranged into arrays and integrated into textile surfaces. The optical coupling mechanisms such as the influence of the applied force, the losses at the coupling point and the angular alignment of the two fibres are studied experimentally and numerically. The results reveal that most of the losses occur at the deformation of the pump fibre. Only a small percentage of the cross-coupled light from the pump fibre is actually captured by the probe fibre. Thus, the coupling and therefore the sensor signal can be strongly increased by a proper crossing angle between the fibres, which lead to a coupling efficiency of 3%, a sensitivity improvement of more than 20 dB compared to the orthogonal alignment of the two fibres.

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18

Bennion, Ian. "Essay review Optical fibre sensors." Contemporary Physics 39, no. 3 (May 1998): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/001075198182026.

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19

Hutley, M. C., R. F. Stevens, and D. E. Putland. "Wavelength encoded optical fibre sensors." Sensor Review 5, no. 2 (February 1985): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb007659.

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20

Stasiewicz, K. A., and J. E. Musial. "Threshold temperature optical fibre sensors." Optical Fiber Technology 32 (December 2016): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2016.10.009.

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21

Rogers, Alan J. "Intrinsic optical fibre current sensors." Sensor Review 18, no. 1 (March 1998): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289810198266.

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22

Xu, Cheng, and Zahra Sharif Khodaei. "A Novel Fabry-Pérot Optical Sensor for Guided Wave Signal Acquisition." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061728.

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In this paper, a novel hybrid damage detection system is proposed, which utilizes piezoelectric actuators for guided wave excitation and a new fibre optic (FO) sensor based on Fabry-Perot (FP) and Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). By replacing the FBG sensors with FBG-based FP sensors in the hybrid damage detection system, a higher strain resolution is achieved, which results in higher damage sensitivity and higher reliability in diagnosis. To develop the novel sensor, optimum parameters such as reflectivity, a wavelength spectrum, and a sensor length were chosen carefully through an analytical model of the sensor, which has been validated with experiments. The sensitivity of the new FBG-based FP sensors was compared to FBG sensors to emphasize the superiority of the new sensors in measuring micro-strains. Lastly, the new FBG-based FP sensor was utilized for recording guided waves in a hybrid setup and compared to the conventional FBG hybrid sensor network to demonstrate their improved performance for a structural health monitoring (SHM) application.

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23

Webb, David J. "Fibre Bragg grating sensors in polymer optical fibres." Measurement Science and Technology 26, no. 9 (August 19, 2015): 092004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/26/9/092004.

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24

Korposh, Sergiy, Stephen James, Seung-Woo Lee, and Ralph Tatam. "Tapered Optical Fibre Sensors: Current Trends and Future Perspectives." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 2294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102294.

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The development of reliable, affordable and efficient sensors is a key step in providing tools for efficient monitoring of critical environmental parameters. This review focuses on the use of tapered optical fibres as an environmental sensing platform. Tapered fibres allow access to the evanescent wave of the propagating mode, which can be exploited to facilitate chemical sensing by spectroscopic evaluation of the medium surrounding the optical fibre, by measurement of the refractive index of the medium, or by coupling to other waveguides formed of chemically sensitive materials. In addition, the reduced diameter of the tapered section of the optical fibre can offer benefits when measuring physical parameters such as strain and temperature. A review of the basic sensing platforms implemented using tapered optical fibres and their application for development of fibre-optic physical, chemical and bio-sensors is presented.

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25

Voet, Eli, Geert Luyckx, Ives De Baere, Joris Degrieck, J. Vlekken, E. Jacobs, and Hartmut Bartelt. "High Strain Monitoring during Fatigue Loading of Thermoplastic Composites Using Imbedded Draw Tower Fibre Bragg Grating Sensors." Advances in Science and Technology 56 (September 2008): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.56.441.

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This paper presents the experimental study of fibre Bragg grating sensors for measuring strain inside composite laminates during fatigue loading. The optical fibres are imbedded inside thermoplastic CFRP test-coupons which have an ultimate strain of about 1.1%. Tension – tension fatigue cycling at a rate of 5Hz is been carried out at 314MPa with a maximum strain of 0.51%. At such extreme strain levels the use of high strength sensors becomes inevitable. Neither the sensor nor the composite test-coupons showed any significant degradation even after more than 500000 cycles. Fibre optic Bragg grating sensors are known to be very accurate strain sensors but one should be very careful interpreting their response once they are imbedded inside composite materials. In this study high strength fibre Bragg grating sensors with coating are imbedded in composite test coupons and a pretty good correlation was found between the strain measurements of an electrical extensometer and the imbedded sensor during the complete cycling. The high strength sensor show to be very feasible for extreme and long term strain measurements.

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Mrad, Nezih. "POTENTIAL OF BRAGG GRATING SENSORS FOR AIRCRAFT HEALTH MONITORING." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 31, no. 1 (March 2007): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2007-0001.

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The increased requirement to operate military platforms and aerospace structures beyond their designed life imposes heavy maintenance and inspection burden on aircraft operators and owners. In-service structural health monitoring is potentially a cost-effective approach by which service usage information can be obtained and knowledgeable decisions can be made. Advanced sensor technology, such as optical fibres, are expected to provide existing and future aircraft with added intelligence and functionality, reduced weight and cost, enhanced robustness and performance. This paper furthers the understanding of technical and practical issues related to full implementation of a fibre optic sensor based structural health monitoring system for aerospace and military platforms. It also reports experimental findings on the use of fibre Bragg grating sensors for measurement of parameters relevant to aircraft structural monitoring and smart structures; with an emphasis on the suitability of multifunctional fibre optic sensor system. Experimental evaluations revealed that Bragg grating sensors correlate well with conventional sensors technology for temperature, stain, crack growth and cure monitoring and were insensitive to pressures up to 300 psi. These sensors were determined to have minimum impact on the structural integrity when embedded parallel to host fibres into composite laminates. Recommendations on the implementation and integration of these sensors into a structural health monitoring system are also provided.

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Kochanowicz, Marcin, and Jakub Markiewicz. "Application of optical reflectometer for monitoring corrosion process." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i2.1144.

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In this work, a corrosion sensor based on an optical time domain reflectometer was presented. The first sensor with a bare tip was used to measure the corrosion process of silica glass fiber. Another sensor with a deposited silver layer was used for monitoring the corrosion process in nitric acid. In both cases, reflectance at the end of the fiber was decreasing with immersion time. Thus we can describe the corrosion stage by the level of fresnel reflectance. The maximum sensitivities of the analyzed sensors were as follows: 0.7dB/min (3% HF solution) 0.15dB/h (5%HNO3 solution) Results showed that the corrosion process in all cases wasn’t fully linear, and all reactions began almost instantly after immersing sensors in tested corrosive environments. Full Text: PDF ReferencesC. Elosua, F.J. Arregui et al., "Micro and Nanostructured Materials for the Development of Optical Fibre Sensors", Sensors, 17, 2312 (2017). CrossRef B.H. Lee, Y.H. Kim et al., "Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors", Sensors, 12, 2467 (2012). CrossRef X. Wang, O.S. Wolfbeis, "Fiber-Optic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors" (2013-2015), Analytical Chemistry, 88, 203 (2016). CrossRef M.A. Butler, "Fiber Optic Sensor for Hydrogen Concentrations near the Explosive Limit", J. Electrochem. Soc., 138, 46 (1991). CrossRef M.A. Butler, "Optical Fiber hydrogen sensor", Appl. Phys. Lett. 45, 1007 (1984). CrossRef S.F. Silva, L. Coelho et al., "A Reviev of Palladium-Based Fiber-Optic Sensors for Molecular Hydrogen Detection", IEEE Sens. J., 12, 93 (2012). CrossRef C. Floridia, F.C. Salgado et al., "Methane leak detection and spectral analysis by using only optical time domain reflectrometry in semidistributed remote optical sensors", IEEE Sens., 2016. CrossRef J.F. Martins-Filho, E. Fontana et al., Fiber-optic-based Corrosion Sensor using OTDR, IEEE SENSORS 2007 Conference (2007). CrossRef E.A. Lima, A.C. Bruno, "Improving the detection of Flaws in Steel Pipes Using SQUID Planar Gradiometers", IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 11, 1299 (2001). CrossRef J. Yin, J. Pineda de Gyvez et al., "Real-Time Full Signature Corrosion Detection of Underground Casing Pipes", IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (1996). CrossRef H. Park, D. Kim et al., "HF etched glass substrated for improved thin-film solar cells", Heliyon, 4, 10, (2018). CrossRef M. Mozammel, "Kinetics of Silver Dissolution in Nitric Acid from Ag-Au0:04-Cu0:10 and Ag-Cu0:23 Scraps", J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 22, 696 (2006). DirectLink

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Chiodini, N., A. Vedda, and I. Veronese. "Rare Earth Doped Silica Optical Fibre Sensors for Dosimetry in Medical and Technical Applications." Advances in Optics 2014 (October 14, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/974584.

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Radioluminescence optical fibre sensors are gaining importance since these devices are promising in several applications like high energy physics, particle tracking, real-time monitoring of radiation beams, and radioactive waste. Silica optical fibres play an important role thanks to their high radiation hardness. Moreover, rare earths may be incorporated to optimise the scintillation properties (emission spectrum, decay time) according to the particular application. This makes doped silica optical fibres a very versatile tool for the detection of ionizing radiation in many contexts. Among the fields of application of optical fibre sensors, radiation therapy represents a driving force for the research and development of new devices. In this review the recent progresses in the development of rare earth doped silica fibres for dosimetry in the medical field are described. After a general description of advantages and challenges for the use of optical fibre based dosimeter during radiation therapy treatment and diagnostic irradiations, the features of the incorporation of rare earths in the silica matrix in order to prepare radioluminescent optical fibre sensors are presented and discussed. In the last part of this paper, recent results obtained by using cerium, europium, and ytterbium doped silica optical fibres in radiation therapy applications are reviewed.

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Wong, Leslie, Ravin Deo, Suranji Rathnayaka, Benjamin Shannon, Chunshun Zhang, Wing Chiu, Jayantha Kodikara, and Hera Widyastuti. "Leak Detection in Water Pipes Using Submersible Optical Optic-Based Pressure Sensor." Sensors 18, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 4192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124192.

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Leakage is undesirable in water distribution networks, as leaky pipes are financially costly both to water utilities and consumers. The ability to detect, locate, and quantify leaks can significantly improve the service delivered. Optical fibre sensors (OFS) have previously demonstrated their capabilities in performing real-time and continuous monitoring of pipe strength leak detection. However, the challenge remains due to the high labour cost and time-consuming process for the installation of optical fibre sensors to existing buried pipelines. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of a submersible optical fibre-based pressure sensor that can be deployed without rigid bonding to the pipeline. This paper presents a set of experiments conducted using the proposed sensing strategy for leak detection. The calibrated optical fibre device was used to monitor the internal water pressure in a pipe with simultaneous verification from a pressure gauge. Two different pressure-based leak detection methods were explored. These leak detection methods were based on hydrostatic and pressure transient responses of the optical fibre pressure sensor. Experimental results aided in evaluating the functionality, reliability, and robustness of the submersible optical fibre pressure sensor.

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30

Mehravar, Moura, Hanrui Yang, David J. Webb, Wei Zhang, Sina Fadaie Sestelani, and David N. Chapman. "Soil water content measurement using polymer optical fibre Bragg gratings." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Smart Infrastructure and Construction 174, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jsmic.21.00029.

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Measuring soil water content is crucially important and can affect soil strength, which is a key parameter in the analysis, design and monitoring of geo-structures. In this study, an optical fibre Bragg grating sensor inscribed in polymer optical fibre was developed, and for the first time, its ability to measure soil water content was investigated. The sensitivity of the sensor to different values of gravimetric soil water content under the different compaction conditions of loose and normal compaction was tested. The effect of soil temperature on the sensor’s performance was considered. To assess the sensor’s implementation, accuracy and reliability, a commercial soil water content probe (SM150), which measures volumetric soil water content was employed. The results indicate that the developed sensor, when calibrated correctly, is able to provide detailed data on any minor variation of soil water content (e.g. 0.5%) with high precision. The outcomes of this study define an additional capability of the polymer optical fibre Bragg grating sensors, which is significantly important for the long-term performance monitoring of geo-structures.

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Senior, J. M. "Optical Fibre Communications (OFC '88) and Optical Fibre Sensors (OFS '88)." Optics & Laser Technology 20, no. 4 (August 1988): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(88)90088-6.

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Willberry, James Owen, and Mayorkinos Papaelias. "Structural Health Monitoring Using Fibre Optic Acoustic Emission Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 21 (November 8, 2020): 6369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216369.

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Acoustic emission (AE) is widely used for condition monitoring of critical components and structures. Conventional AE techniques employ wideband or resonant piezoelectric sensors to detect elastic stress waves propagating through various types of structural materials, including composites during damage evolution. Recent developments in fibre optic acoustic emission sensors (FOAES) have enabled new ways of detecting and monitoring damage evolution using AE. An optical fibre consists of a core with a high refractive index and a surrounding cladding. The buffer layer and outer jacket both act as protective polymer layers. Glass optical fibres can be used for manufacturing AE sensors of sufficiently small size to enable their embedding into fibre-reinforced polymer composite materials. The embedding process protects the FOAES against environmental stresses prolonging operational lifetime. The immunity of FOAES to electromagnetic interference makes this type of sensor attractive for condition monitoring purposes across a wide range of challenging operational environments. This paper provides an exhaustive review of recent developments on FOAES including their fundamental operational principles and key industrial applications.

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Canning, John, Nathaniel Groothoff, Kevin Cook, Cicero Martelli, Alexandre Pohl, John Holdsworth, Somnath Bandyopadhyay, and Michael Stevenson. "Gratings in Structured Optical Fibres." Laser Chemistry 2008 (December 1, 2008): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/239417.

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Grating writing in structured optical fibres and their properties and applications are reviewed. To date, most gratings have been written in a straightforward manner into structured fibres containing a photosensitive germanosilicate step-index core. However, gratings have also been written directly into single material, structured silica fibres and into air-clad cores using two and higher-photon processes with both UV and near IR pulsed (nanosecond-femtosecond) light. Given the intrinsic-added functionality possible within a structured optical fibre, structured fibre gratings offer further capabilities for sensors, diagnostics, lasers, and devices.

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Grattan, K. T. V., and A. W. Palmer. "Optical-fibre sensor technology: a challenge to microelectronic sensors?" Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 30, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-4247(92)80207-j.

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Canning, John. "Properties of Specialist Fibres and Bragg Gratings for Optical Fiber Sensors." Journal of Sensors 2009 (2009): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/871580.

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The advent of optical fibres based on air holes running along their entirety opens up new directions in addressing various properties relevant to sensing, including the temperature/strain challenge of optical fibre sensors. This paper looks at the measurement challenges associated with temperature and strain, examines the potentially unique functionality structured fibre designs with and without gratings open up, and briefly describes some current research directions within conventional fibre and grating technologies.

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Yoshino, Toshihiko. "Recent progress and research trends in optical fibre sensors: the 11th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference." Optics & Laser Technology 29, no. 2 (March 1997): xii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-3992(97)88436-8.

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Culshaw, Brian. "Optical Fibre Sensors: a Current Perspective." Open Optics Journal 7, no. 1 (2013): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874328501307010021.

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Bartlett, Rebecca J., Rekha Philip-Chandy, Piers Eldridge, David F. Merchant, Roger Morgan, and Patricia J. Scully. "Plastic optical fibre sensors and devices." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 22, no. 5 (December 2000): 431–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014233120002200507.

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Correia, R., S. James, S.-W. Lee, S. P. Morgan, and S. Korposh. "Biomedical application of optical fibre sensors." Journal of Optics 20, no. 7 (June 8, 2018): 073003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/aac68d.

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Green, R. G., N. M. Horbury, R. A. Rahim, F. J. Dickin, B. D. Naylor, and T. P. Pridmore. "Optical fibre sensors for process tomography." Measurement Science and Technology 6, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 1699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/6/12/008.

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Hartog, A. H. "Principles of optical fibre temperature sensors." Sensor Review 7, no. 4 (April 1987): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb007735.

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Brambilla, G., H. H. Kee, V. Pruneri, and T. P. Newson. "Optical fibre sensors for earth sciences:." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 37, no. 2-3 (February 2002): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-8166(01)00096-3.

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Baldini, F., and S. Bracci. "Optical-fibre sensors by silylation techniques." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 11, no. 1-3 (March 1993): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(93)85275-f.

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Green, R. "Optical fibre sensors for process tomography." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 22 (December 1996): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9322(97)88481-9.

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Bartlett, R. J., R. Philip-Chandy, P. Eldridge, D. F. Merchant, R. Morgan, and P. J. Scully. "Plastic optical fibre sensors and devices." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 22, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 431–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/014233100701523918.

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Ramakrishnan, S. "Multimode Optical Fibre Sensors (Invited Paper)." IETE Journal of Research 32, no. 4 (July 1986): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.1986.11436611.

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Culshaw, B. "Interferometric Optical Fibre Sensors (Invited Paper)." IETE Journal of Research 32, no. 4 (July 1986): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.1986.11436612.

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Narayanaswamy, R., and F. Sevilla. "Optical fibre sensors for chemical species." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 21, no. 1 (January 1988): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/21/1/001.

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49

Jelinek, Michal, Ondrej Cip, Josef Lazar, and Bretislav Mikel. "Design and Characterisation of an Optical Fibre Dosimeter Based on Silica Optical Fibre and Scintillation Crystal." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 7312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197312.

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In nuclear power plants, particle accelerators, and other nuclear facilities, measuring the level of ionising gamma radiation is critical for the safety and management of the operation and the environment’s protection. However, in many cases, it is impossible to monitor ionising radiation directly at the required location continuously. This is typically either due to the lack of space to accommodate the entire dosimeter or in environments with high ionising radiation activity, electromagnetic radiation, and temperature, which significantly shorten electronics’ lifetime. To allow for radiation measurement in such scenarios, we designed a fibre optic dosimeter that introduces an optical fibre link to deliver the scintillation radiation between the ionising radiation sensor and the detectors. The sensors can thus be placed in space-constrained and electronically hostile locations. We used silica optical fibres that withstand high radiation doses, high temperatures, and electromagnetic interference. We use a single photon counter and a photomultiplier to detect the transmitted scintillation radiation. We have shown that selected optical fibres, combined with different scintillation materials, are suitable for measuring gamma radiation levels in hundreds of kBq. We present the architecture of the dosimeter and its experimental characterisation with several combinations of optical fibres, detectors, and scintillation crystals.

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Allsop, Thomas, and Ron Neal. "A Review: Evolution and Diversity of Optical Fibre Plasmonic Sensors." Sensors 19, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 4874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19224874.

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The purpose of this review is to bring to the attention of the wider research community how two quite different optical sensory techniques were integrated resulting in a sensor device of exceptional sensitivity with wide ranging capability. Both authors have collaborated over a 20 year period, each researching initially surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and optical fibre Bragg grating devices. Our individual research, funded in part by EPSRC and industry into these two areas, converged, resulting in a device that combined the ultra-sensitive working platform of SPR behavior with that of fibre Bragg grating development, which provided a simple method for SPR excitation. During this period, they developed a new approach to the fabrication of nano-structured metal coatings for plasmonic devices and demonstrated on fibre optic platform, which has created an ultra-sensitive optical sensing platform. Both authors believe that the convergence of these two areas will create opportunities in detection and sensing yet to be realised. Furthermore, giving the reader “sign-post” research articles to help to construct models to design sensors and to understand their experimental results.

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