Journal articles: 'Optical fibre sensor (OFS)'

1

Senior, J. M. "Optical Fibre Communications (OFC '88) and Optical Fibre Sensors (OFS '88)." Optics & Laser Technology 20, no. 4 (August 1988): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(88)90088-6.

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Wong, Leslie, Ravin Deo, Suranji Rathnayaka, Benjamin Shannon, Chunshun Zhang, Wing Chiu, Jayantha Kodikara, and Hera Widyastuti. "Leak Detection in Water Pipes Using Submersible Optical Optic-Based Pressure Sensor." Sensors 18, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 4192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124192.

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Leakage is undesirable in water distribution networks, as leaky pipes are financially costly both to water utilities and consumers. The ability to detect, locate, and quantify leaks can significantly improve the service delivered. Optical fibre sensors (OFS) have previously demonstrated their capabilities in performing real-time and continuous monitoring of pipe strength leak detection. However, the challenge remains due to the high labour cost and time-consuming process for the installation of optical fibre sensors to existing buried pipelines. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of a submersible optical fibre-based pressure sensor that can be deployed without rigid bonding to the pipeline. This paper presents a set of experiments conducted using the proposed sensing strategy for leak detection. The calibrated optical fibre device was used to monitor the internal water pressure in a pipe with simultaneous verification from a pressure gauge. Two different pressure-based leak detection methods were explored. These leak detection methods were based on hydrostatic and pressure transient responses of the optical fibre pressure sensor. Experimental results aided in evaluating the functionality, reliability, and robustness of the submersible optical fibre pressure sensor.

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Wang, Shinn Fwu, Cheng Lung Hsu, Fu Hsi Kao, and An Li Liu. "The Response of a Broadband Light Source for an Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.487.

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In this paper, the study on response of a broadband light source for an optical fiber sensor (OFS) based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology is presented. The OFS is made of a multimode optical fiber which cladding was removed and coated with two layers of metal films. As a broadband light source is launched into the OFS at a suitable incident angle, we can obtain the intensity at the output of the optical fiber sensor. With the structure, the refractive index detection can be made by the SPR spectra that are obtained by an Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA). The OFS could be valuable for chemical, biological and biochemical sensing, etc. It has some advantages, such as, high resolution and stability, small size and real-time measurement.

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Wang, Shinn Fwu, Ming Jen Wang, and Jyh Shyan Chiu. "A Long Cylindrical Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Multiple Total Internal Reflections in Heterodyne Interferometry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.3.

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In this paper, a long cylindrical multimode optical fiber sensor (OFS) based on multiple total internal reflections in heterodyne interferometry is proposed. The cladding of the sensing portions of the fiber sensors is removed, but dont be coated with any metal films. With the OFS the phase shift difference due to the multiple total internal reflections (MTIRs) effect between the p-and s-polarizations can be measured by using the heterodyne interferometry. Substituting the phase shift difference into Fresnels equations, the refractive index for the tested medium can be calculated. According to numerical simulations and experimental results, the long cylindrical OFS is with the best resolution of 0.0000028 refractive index unit (RIU). However, the OFS could be valuable for chemical, biological and biochemical sensing. It has some merits, such as, high sensitivity, high resolution, stability, small size and in real-time measurement.

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Xie, Tianci, Bo He, Wenjing Hao, Jingjing Wang, Ziyin Chen, Jing Ren, Tao Geng, Elfed Lewis, and Weimin Sun. "Over response correction of optical fiber sensor in radiation measurement." AIP Advances 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 125203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0106737.

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In radiation measurement, optical fiber sensors (OFS) have many advantages compared to commercial dosimeters, including high spatial resolution. Due to the OFS measurement principle (fluorescence), the recorded measurement results differ from the standard dose value, such as that obtained using an ionization chamber. In this study, a physical correction function is established to considerably reduce the difference. This function quantifies the over-response of OFS to low-energy scattered photons and low-energy electrons. The specific expression of the function is derived from experimental measurement results obtained using the OFS and a commercial standard dosimeter when subject to two different radiation field sizes irradiated using a clinical linac. Following the application of the correction of the function, the measurement difference between the OFS and the standard dosimeter is greatly reduced for a range of radiation fields, in which case the maximum difference decreased from 42.2% to 1.5%. The dose correction method is based on existing quality assurance (QA) protocols used in radiotherapy and is simple and convenient to apply. This research has further promoted the application of OFSs in radiation dose measurement, including radiotherapy QA and in-patient use.

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Wang, Shinn Fwu, Che Yu Liu, Shyh Rong Lay, Yi Chu, Yu Pin Liao, Fu Hsi Kao, and An Li Liu. "Design of a Reflective Type Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Multiple Total-Internal Reflections Theory in Heterodyne Interferometry." Advanced Materials Research 811 (September 2013): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.811.463.

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In this paper, a reflective type optical fiber sensor (OFS) based on multiple total internal reflections in heterodyne interferometry is proposed. The sensor is made of a multimode optical fiber which cladding was removed and polished as a top shape. And the end surface of the sensor is designed as a micro-mirror. As a heterodyne optical source is launched into the optical fiber sensor at a suitable incident angle, we can obtain the phase difference between s-and p-polarizations at the output of the optical fiber sensor. By numerical simulation, it is clear that the resolution of the system by using the intensity method can reach refractive index unit (RIU) at least in the measurement range of. The OFS could be valuable for chemical, biological and biochemical sensing. It has some merits, such as, high resolution and stability, small size and real-time measurement.

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Jalil, Muhammad Arif Bin. "Simulation of Fiber Bragg Grating Characteristics and Behaviors as Strain and Temperature Sensor." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38883.

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Abstract: Optical Fiber Sensor (OFS) has come quite considerable and famous in world of sensor technology where it has been used widely to detect for a changeable environment and responds to some output on other system such as in industrial, chemical analysis and monitoring. A Fiber Bragg Grating (Fiber Bragg Grating) is a kind of appropriated where the short fragment of optical fiber which certain and specific wavelength is reflected with light and the Bragg reflector started developed and transmits all others. The current project is concerned with the development characteristics and behaviors of strain and temperature sensors acting on Fiber Bragg Grating by a computer simulation. This study focuses on analyzing the performance of the characteristics and behavior of strain and temperature sensors acting on Fiber Bragg Grating. A strain sensor is used to measure strain on an object of which the resistance varies range with applied force. Meanwhile,for the temperature sensor is used to measure and detect any abnormality of temperature acting on Fiber Bragg Grating such as can lead into fire and accidents. This will found out on how Fiber Bragg Grating can demonstrate strain and temperature sensors. A simulation of the computer program (MATLAB) will be carried out to simulate due to the strain and temperature sensor of Fiber Bragg Grating. Keywords Fiber Bragg Grating, sensors; Strain; Temperature; Simulation; MATLAB

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Sampson, David D., Julian D. C. Jones, and Ralph P. Tatam. "The 19th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, OFS-19." Measurement Science and Technology 20, no. 3 (February 4, 2009): 030101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/20/3/030101.

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Culshaw, Brian, Wolfgang Ecke, Julian Jones, Ralph Tatam, and Reinhardt Willsch. "The 20th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, OFS-20." Measurement Science and Technology 21, no. 9 (July 28, 2010): 090101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/21/9/090101.

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Liao, Yianbiao, Wei Jin, Julian Jones, and Ralph Tatam. "The 22nd International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, OFS-22." Measurement Science and Technology 24, no. 9 (July 24, 2013): 090301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/24/9/090301.

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da Silva, P. M., J. P. Mendes, L. C. C. Coelho, and J. M. M. M. de Almeida. "Optical fiber sensors for monitoring cement paste carbonation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2407, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2407/1/012038.

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Abstract The use of concrete has been widespread in our society in housing and infrastructure, despite the environmental cost associated with its production. Its decay poses a social, economic, and environmental problem. Currently, the carbonation of cement paste is monitored through the measurement of its pH, with several optical fiber sensors (OFS) have been produced for this purpose. In the current work the focus is, also, on the carbonation monitoring of cement paste through an OFS, but not through pH measurements. Single fiber reflectance spectroscopy, previously employed to measure cement paste durability, is used to monitor the discoloration of cement paste caused by carbonation. As the carbonation front reaches the fiber tip embedded in the cement paste, the signal reflected onto the fiber increases. The accelerated carbonation of two limestone cement paste samples in an atmosphere of 100% CO2 was successfully monitored. The applicability of the sensor for operational use with ambient CO2 was confirmed through the measurement of carbonation at 3% CO2. The cross interference from water ingress and egress was also evaluated, and it didn’t hinder the measurements of carbonation. Therefore, a novel OFS capable of measuring cement paste carbonation and durability, was achieved.

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Gomes, Bárbara R., Rui Araújo, Tatiana Sousa, and Rita B. Figueira. "Sol-Gel Coating Membranes for Optical Fiber Sensors for Concrete Structures Monitoring." Coatings 11, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101245.

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The use of advanced sensing devices for concrete and reinforced concrete structures (RCS) is considered a rational approach for the assessment of repair options and scheduling of inspection and maintenance strategies. The immediate benefits are cost reduction and a reliable prevention of unpredictable events. The use of optical fiber sensors (OFS) for such purposes has increased considerably in the last few years due to their intrinsic advantages. In most of the OFS, the chemical transducer consists of immobilized chemical reagents placed in the sensing region of the optical sensor by direct deposition or by encapsulation in a polymeric matrix. The choice of the support matrix impacts directly on the performance of the OFS. In the last two decades, the development of OFS functionalized with organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) sol–gel membranes have been reported. Sol–gel route is considered a simple method that offers several advantages when compared to traditional synthesis processes, allowing to obtain versatile materials with unique chemical and physical properties, and is particularly valuable in the design of OIH materials. This review will provide an update of the current state-of-the-art of the OFS based on OIH sol-gel materials for concrete and RCS since 2016 until mid-2021. The main achievements in the synthesis of OIH membranes for deposition on OFS will be discussed. The challenges and future directions in this field will also be considered, as well as the main limitations of OFS for RCS monitoring.

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Lee, Hoon-Keun, Jaeyul Choo, and Joonyoung Kim. "Multiplexed Passive Optical Fiber Sensor Networks for Water Level Monitoring: A Review." Sensors 20, no. 23 (November 28, 2020): 6813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236813.

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Water management is a critical mission required to protect the water resources that is essential in diverse industrial applications. Amongst a variety of parameters such as level (or depth), temperature, conductivity, turbidity, and pH, the water level is the most fundamental one that needs to be monitored on a real-time basis for securing the water management system. This paper presents an overview of water level monitoring technologies based on optical fiber sensor (OFS) networks. Firstly, we introduce and compare the passive distributed and quasi-distributed (discrete) sensor networks with the recent achievements summarized. The performance (i.e., sensing range and resolution) of the OFS networks can be enhanced through diverse multiplexing techniques based on wavelength, time, coherence, space, etc. Especially, the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)-based sensor network provides remote sensing (where its reach can be extended to >40 km) with high scalability in terms of the channel number that determines the spatial resolution. We review the operation principle and characteristics of the DWDM-based OFS network with full theoretical and experimental analysis being provided. Furthermore, the key system functions and considerations (such as the link protection from physical damages, self-referencing, management of sensing units, and so on) are discussed that could be a guideline on the design process of the passive OFS network.

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Kochanowicz, Marcin, and Jakub Markiewicz. "Application of optical reflectometer for monitoring corrosion process." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i2.1144.

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In this work, a corrosion sensor based on an optical time domain reflectometer was presented. The first sensor with a bare tip was used to measure the corrosion process of silica glass fiber. Another sensor with a deposited silver layer was used for monitoring the corrosion process in nitric acid. In both cases, reflectance at the end of the fiber was decreasing with immersion time. Thus we can describe the corrosion stage by the level of fresnel reflectance. The maximum sensitivities of the analyzed sensors were as follows: 0.7dB/min (3% HF solution) 0.15dB/h (5%HNO3 solution) Results showed that the corrosion process in all cases wasn’t fully linear, and all reactions began almost instantly after immersing sensors in tested corrosive environments. Full Text: PDF ReferencesC. Elosua, F.J. Arregui et al., "Micro and Nanostructured Materials for the Development of Optical Fibre Sensors", Sensors, 17, 2312 (2017). CrossRef B.H. Lee, Y.H. Kim et al., "Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors", Sensors, 12, 2467 (2012). CrossRef X. Wang, O.S. Wolfbeis, "Fiber-Optic Chemical Sensors and Biosensors" (2013-2015), Analytical Chemistry, 88, 203 (2016). CrossRef M.A. Butler, "Fiber Optic Sensor for Hydrogen Concentrations near the Explosive Limit", J. Electrochem. Soc., 138, 46 (1991). CrossRef M.A. Butler, "Optical Fiber hydrogen sensor", Appl. Phys. Lett. 45, 1007 (1984). CrossRef S.F. Silva, L. Coelho et al., "A Reviev of Palladium-Based Fiber-Optic Sensors for Molecular Hydrogen Detection", IEEE Sens. J., 12, 93 (2012). CrossRef C. Floridia, F.C. Salgado et al., "Methane leak detection and spectral analysis by using only optical time domain reflectrometry in semidistributed remote optical sensors", IEEE Sens., 2016. CrossRef J.F. Martins-Filho, E. Fontana et al., Fiber-optic-based Corrosion Sensor using OTDR, IEEE SENSORS 2007 Conference (2007). CrossRef E.A. Lima, A.C. Bruno, "Improving the detection of Flaws in Steel Pipes Using SQUID Planar Gradiometers", IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 11, 1299 (2001). CrossRef J. Yin, J. Pineda de Gyvez et al., "Real-Time Full Signature Corrosion Detection of Underground Casing Pipes", IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (1996). CrossRef H. Park, D. Kim et al., "HF etched glass substrated for improved thin-film solar cells", Heliyon, 4, 10, (2018). CrossRef M. Mozammel, "Kinetics of Silver Dissolution in Nitric Acid from Ag-Au0:04-Cu0:10 and Ag-Cu0:23 Scraps", J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 22, 696 (2006). DirectLink

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Burnett, J. G., P. M. Blanchard, and A. H. Greenaway. "Optical Fibre-based Vectoral Shape Sensor." Strain 36, no. 3 (August 2000): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.2000.tb01188.x.

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Cheymol, G., L. Remy, A. Gusarov, D. Kinet, P. Mégret, G. Laffont, T. Blanchet, A. Morana, E. Marin, and S. Girard. "Test of Fibre Bragg Gratings samples under High Fast Neutrons Fluence." EPJ Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817004004.

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Optical fibre sensors (OFS) are worthy of interest for measurements in nuclear reactor thanks to their unique features, particularly compact size and remote multi-point sensing for some of them. But besides non negligible constraints associated with the high temperature environment of the experiments of interest, it is well known that the performances of OFS can be severely affected by high level of radiations. The Radiation Induced Attenuation (RIA) in the fibre is probably most known effect, which can be to some extent circumvented by using rad hard fibres to limit the dynamic loss. However, when the fast neutron fluence reaches 1018 to 1019 n/cm2, the density and index variations associated to structural changes may deteriorate drastically the performances of OFS even if they are based on rad hard fibres, by causing direct errors in the measurements of temperature and/or strain changes. The aim of the present study is to access the effect of nuclear radiations on the Fabry Perot (FP) and of Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors through the comparison of measurements made on these OFS - or part of them - before and after irradiation [1]. In the context of development of OFS for high irradiation environment and especially for Material Testing Reactors (MTRs), Sake 2 experiment consists in an irradiation campaign at high level of gamma and neutron fluxes conducted on samples of fibre optics – bare or functionalised with FBG. The irradiation was performed at two levels of fast neutron fluence: 1 and 3.1019 n/cm2 (E>1MeV), at 250°± 25°C, in the SCK•CEN BR2 reactor (Mol Belgium). An irradiation capsule was designed to allow irradiation at the specified temperature without active control. The neutron fluence was measured with activation dosimeters and the results were compared with MCPN computations. Investigation of bare samples gives information on the density changes, while for the FBGs both density and refractive index perturbation are involved. Some results for bare fibres were reported recently. In this paper, we will focus on the measurements made on FBGs that have been manufactured by different laboratories on SMF 28 fibers: CEA, University of St-Etienne and University of Mons. Tested gratings have been written using various conditions (type of fibre, of laser, writing wavelength, power density, post writing thermal annealing,…), leading to various behaviours after Sake 2 irradiation. Bragg wavelength and reflectivity have been measured before and after irradiation thanks to a special mounting at the same temperature. It appears that a change in the shape after irradiation of the Bragg peak disturb the retrieval of the Bragg wavelength. The measurements show that for nearly all gratings the Bragg peak remains visible after the irradiation, and that Radiation Induced Bragg Wavelength Shifts (RI-BWSs) vary from few pm (equivalent to an error of less than 1°C for a temperature sensor) to nearly 1 nm (equivalent to 100°C) depending of the FBG types. High RI-BWSs could indeed be expected when considering the huge refractive index variation and compaction of the bare fibre samples that have been measured by other techniques. Post writing thermal annealing is confirmed as a key parameter in order to obtain a more radiation tolerant FBG. Our results show that specific annealing regimes allow making FGBs suitable to perform temperature measurements in a MTR experiment.

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Dorosz, J. "Novel constructions of optical fibers doped with rare – earth ions." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0067.

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Abstract. In the paper the research on rare-earth doped and co-doped optical fibre conducted in the Laboratory of Optical Fiber Technology at the Bialystok University of Technology is presented. Novel active fibre constructions like multicore, helical-core and side detecting ribbon/core optical fibers were developed with a targeted focus into application. First construction i.e. multicore RE doped optical fibers enable supermode generation due to phase - locking of laser radiation achieved in a consequence of exchanging radiation between the cores during the laser action. In the paper a far - field pattern of 19 - core optical fiber-doped with Yb3+ ions, registered in the MOFPA system, showed centrally located peak of relatively high radiation intensity together with smaller side-lobes. Another new construction presented here is helical-core optical fibers with the helix pitch from several mm and the off-set ranging from 10 μm to 200 μm. The properties of helical-core optical fiber co-doped with Nd3+/Yb3+ were also discussed. In the field of sensor applications novel construction of a sidedetecting luminescent optical fiber for an UV sensor application has been presented. The developed optical fiber with an active core/ribbon, made of phosphate glass doped with 0.5 mol% Tb3+ ions, was used as a UV sensing element.

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Xie, Tianci, Bo He, Qieming Shi, Jinqian Qian, Wenjing Hao, Song Li, Elfed Lewis, and Weimin Sun. "Measurement of scattered rays from different materials using an inorganic scintillator based optical fiber sensor and its application in radiotherapy." Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 8, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 025004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ac48e3.

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Abstract Measurements using an Optical Fiber OFS including an inorganic scintillator placed on the surface of a phantom show that the particle energy distribution inside the phantom remains unchanged. The backscattered intensity measured using an Optical Fiber Sensor (OFS) exhibits a linear relationship with the total radiation dose delivered to the phantom, and this relationship shows that the OFS can be used for indirect dose measurement when located on the surface of the phantom i.e. that arising from the energetic backscattered electrons and photons. Such a device can therefore be used as a clinical in-vivo dosimeter, being located on the patient’s body surface. In addition, the measurement results for the same OFS located inside and outside the radiation field of a compound water based phantom are analyzed. The differences in measurement of the fluorescence signal in response to various tissue materials representing bone or tumor tissue in the irradiation field are strongly related to the material’s ability to block the scattered rays from the water phantom, as well as the scattered x-rays generated by the material located within the phantom.

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Sousa, Rui P. C. L., Bárbara Ferreira, Miguel Azenha, Susana P. G. Costa, Carlos J. R. Silva, and Rita B. Figueira. "PDMS Based Hybrid Sol-Gel Materials for Sensing Applications in Alkaline Environments: Synthesis and Characterization." Polymers 12, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020371.

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Nowadays, concrete degradation is a major problem in the civil engineering field. Concrete carbonation, one of the main sources of structures’ degradation, causes concrete’s pH to decrease; hence, enabling the necessary conditions for corrosion reinforcement. An accurate, non-destructive sensor able to monitor the pH decrease resistant to concrete conditions is envisaged by many researchers. Optical fibre sensors (OFS) are generally used for concrete applications due to their high sensitivity and resistance to external interferences. Organic-inorganic hybrid (OIH) films, for potential functionalization of OFS to be applied in concrete structures, were developed. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based sol-gel materials were synthesized by the formation of an amino alcohol precursor followed by hydrolysis and condensation. Different ratios between PDMS and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (3-APTES) were studied. The synthesized OIH films were characterized by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The OIH films were doped with phenolphthalein (Phph), a pH indicator, and were characterized by UV–Vis and EIS. FTIR characterization showed that the reaction between both precursors, the hydrolysis and the condensation reactions occurred successfully. UV–Vis characterization confirmed the presence of Phph embedded in the OIH matrices. Dielectric and thermal properties of the materials showed promising properties for application in contact with a high alkaline environment.

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Lee, Hoon-Keun, Jaeyul Choo, and Joonyoung Kim. "16 Ch × 200 GHz DWDM-Passive Optical Fiber Sensor Network Based on a Power Measurement Method for Water-Level Monitoring of the Spent Fuel Pool in a Nuclear Power Plant." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 12, 2021): 4055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124055.

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This paper presents a remote 16 Ch × 200 GHz dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)-passive optical fiber sensor (OFS) network. We particularly investigate the remote water-level monitoring capability of the OFS network based on an optical power measurement that features simplicity and a fast processing speed. The OFS network utilizes a seeded amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light that is spectrum-sliced and distributed by an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) towards multiple sensing units (SU), where each SU is installed at a different height in the water pool. Then, each SU reflects either of the two different optical powers according to the medium (air vs. water) back to the monitoring station. Therefore, the total received optical power at the monitoring station linearly changes according to the water level. We can simply recognize the water level by utilizing the optical power meter (OPM) at the monitoring station rather than the optical spectrum analyzer (OSA), which is bulky and expensive and requires a relatively long processing time. Consequently, we can reduce the system complexity, processing time, and cost (both installation and maintenance). However, the OPM-based OFS network requires a new methodology to derive the water level from the measured optical power. Thus, we come up with the reference-to-power ratio () analysis, which can be used for the maximum distance analysis as well as water level recognition. Based on the new reception architecture supported by the new post-processing scheme, the OFS network can distinguish 17 different water levels of the SFP at the monitoring station, which is > 40 km away from the SFP, without using any active devices (such as optical amplifiers) at the remote places.

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Jauregui-Vazquez, Daniel, Paulina Lozano-Sotomayor, Jorge Emmanuel Mejía-Benavides, and Erik Díaz-Cervantes. "Binding Analysis of Functionalized Multimode Optical-Fiber Sandwich-like Structure with Organic Polymer and Its Sensing Application for Humidity and Breath Monitoring." Biosensors 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11090324.

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In recent years, the chemical modification of optical fibers (OFs) has facilitated the manufacture of sensors because OFs can identify several analytes present in aqueous solutions or gas phases. Nevertheless, it is imperative better to understand the chemical interactions in this molecular system to generate low-cost and efficient sensors. This work presents a theoretical and experimental study of organic polymeric functionalized OF structures and proposes a cost-effective alternative to monitor breathing and humidity. The device is based on silicon optical fibers functionalized with (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and alginate. The theoretical analysis is carried out to validate the activation of the silicon dioxide fiber surface; moreover, the APTES–alginate layer is discussed. The computational simulation suggests that water can be absorbed by alginate, specifically by the calcium atom linked to the carboxylic acid group of the alginate. The analysis also demonstrates a higher electrostatic interaction between the water and the OF–APTES–alginate system; this interaction alters the optical fiber activated surface’s refractive index, resulting in transmission power variation. The humidity analysis shows a sensitivity of 3.1288 mV/RH, a time response close to 25 s, and a recovery time around 8 s. These results were achieved in the range of 50 to 95% RH. Moreover, the recovery and response time allow the human breath to be studied. The proposed mechanism or device is competitive with prior works, and the components involved made this sensor a cost-effective alternative for medical applications.

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Vandenplas, S., J.-M. Papy, M. Wevers, and S. Van Huffel. "Acoustic emission monitoring using a multimode optical fibre sensor." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 46, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.46.4.203.55640.

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Kasinathan, M., A. Wosniok, K. Krebber, Babu C. Rao, N. Murali, and T. Jayakumar. "Strain-free optical fibre temperature sensor using Brillouin optical time domain analyser." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 55, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2012.55.7.387.

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Yuan, Qiang, Jing Chai, Yiwei Ren, and Yongliang Liu. "The Characterization Pattern of Overburden Deformation with Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing: An Analogue Model Test and Extensional Analysis." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 16, 2020): 7215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247215.

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The evolution of overburden deformation is crucial for safety and environmental efficiency and its monitoring is becoming a key scientific issue. The use of an optical fiber sensor (OFS) for mining engineering is now receiving praise by virtue of its distinct abilities of distribution, high accuracy, and anti-interference measurement. Nevertheless, the dynamic response of OFS monitoring on overburden deformation still needs to be characterized in detail. This paper analyzed the characterization pattern of overburden deformation based on distributed optical fiber sensing (DOFS) by means of an analogue model test. Then, we discuss the influence of rules of optical fiber embedding on a model test in a numerical simulation. The results show that the DOFS monitoring demonstrates the time-space evolution of overburden deformation and the development of three horizontal areas and three vertical zones. A standardization DOFS characterization model is proposed to expound the characterization mechanism of the overburden structure zoning process; the influence of optical fiber embedding on rock displacement in the model test is revealed, and it is found that the displacement error will increase sharply when the fiber diameter is larger than 2 mm. These findings could provide an effective solution for a monitoring method in intelligent mining from the perspective of a theoretical basis and technological system.

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Wang, Shaoquan, Erik Sæter, and Kaspar Lasn. "Comparison of DOFS Attachment Methods for Time-Dependent Strain Sensing." Sensors 21, no. 20 (October 17, 2021): 6879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206879.

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Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a challenge for many industries. Over the last decade, novel strain monitoring methods using optical fibers have been implemented for SHM in aerospace, energy storage, marine, and civil engineering structures. However, the practical attachment of optical fibers (OFs) to the component is still problematic. While monitoring, the amount of substrate strain lost by the OF attachment is often unclear, and difficult to predict under long-term loads. This investigation clarifies how different attachment methods perform under time-dependent loading. Optical fibers are attached on metal, thermoset composite, and thermoplastic substrates for distributed strain sensing. Strains along distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS) are measured by optical backscatter reflectometry (OBR) and compared to contact extensometer strains under tensile creep loading. The quality of the bondline and its influence on the strain transfer is analyzed. Residual strains and strain fluctuations along the sensor fiber are correlated to the fiber attachment method. Results show that a machine-controlled attachment process (such as in situ 3-D printing) holds great promise for the future as it achieves a highly uniform bondline and provides accurate strain measurements.

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Pan’kov, A. A. "Diagnostics of impregnation defects of reinforcing filaments of polymer composite with built-in fibre-optic sensor with distributed Bragg grating." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2020.3.07.

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Mathematical model of unidirectional fibrous polymer composite material with optical fiber sensor built into reinforcing fiber (filament of elementary fibers) with distributed Bragg grating is developed in order to diagnoste defects of filament impregnation - finding probability of impregnation defect as relative length of local sections of filament without impregnation, i.e. without filling binder of space between its elementary fibers. The technique of digital processing of reflection spectrum according to the solution of the integral Fredholm equation of the 1st kind is used in order to find the desired informative function of density of distribution of axial strains along the length of the sensitive section of the fibre-optic sensor. The approach assumes that the optical fiber sensor is embedded in the composite material at the stage of its manufacture, wherein the low-reflective nature of the sensitive portion of the optical fiber allows linear summation of reflection coefficients from its various local portions regardless of their mutual positions. Algorithm of numerical processing of strain distribution density function is developed for finding of sought probability of presence of impregnation defects along filament length. It has been revealed that the distribution density function has pronounced informative pulses, from the location and value of which the sought-after values of probability of presence of impregnation defects along the length of the filament can be found. The results of diagnostics of different values of the sought probability of the filament impregnation defect are presented based on the results of numerical simulation of the measured reflection spectra and the sought function of strain distribution density along the length of the sensitive section of the optical fiber sensor at different values of the volume fraction of the filaments, combinations of transverse and longitudinal loads of the representative domain of the unidirectional fibrous composite material in comparison with graphs for the case without load.

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Wevers, Martine, Sabine Van Huffel, Steve Vandenplas, and Jean Michel Papy. "Acoustic emission monitoring using a polarimetric Single Mode optical fibre sensor." International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity 1, no. 1/2/3 (2007): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmsi.2007.013869.

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Badcock, R. A., and G. F. Fernando. "An intensity-based optical fibre sensor for fatigue damage detection in advanced fibre-reinforced composites." Smart Materials and Structures 4, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/4/4/001.

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Cherif, K., A. Abdelghani, S. Hleli, L. Ponsonnet, N. Jaffrezic-Renault, and V. Matejec. "Contact angle measurement on xerogel sensitive layer for optical fibre sensor." Materials Science and Engineering: C 23, no. 5 (October 2003): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-4931(03)00049-3.

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Lekakou, C., S. Cook, Y. Deng, T. W. Ang, and G. T. Reed. "Optical fibre sensor for monitoring flow and resin curing in composites manufacturing." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 37, no. 6 (June 2006): 934–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.03.003.

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Thapa, S., and R. P. Sharma. "Combined application of an optical sensor and a common non-destructive instrument for corrosion monitoring in reinforced concrete members." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 64, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2022.64.5.252.

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The reliable monitoring of the progression or extent of pitting-type corrosion in reinforced concrete members requires great effort due to non-uniformity. This paper presents a new approach for measuring the progression and extent of pitting-type (non-uniform) corrosion in reinforced concrete members by combining both non-destructive testing with optical fibre sensing results. Accelerated corrosion on the reinforcement (rebar) of the specimen was produced artificially using an alternate wetting and drying process in sodium chloride solution with 7.5% and 10% concentrations. The multimode optical fibre patch cords were attached to the reinforcement in three different arrangements in a single specimen (normal optical patch cord and loose and firm microbend patch cords). Intensity loss in a propagating light travelling inside an optical fibre takes place due to the development of pressure from surrounding concrete on the fibre from rust formation (corrosion). The study also describes the effect of corrosion in half-cell potentiometer, chloride ion resistivity and indirect pulse velocity readings obtained from the specimen. A later study found that the use of an optical microbend sensor is an effective alternate method for determining the starting time of initial depassivation in the reinforcement and validates it using half-cell potentiometer values. The study also developed models to predict overall mass loss in the rebar due to corrosion using combined non-destructive testing methods.

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Sharma, Vinamra Bhushan, Kartik Singh, Ravi Gupta, Ayush Joshi, Rakesh Dubey, Vishwas Gupta, Shruti Bharadwaj, et al. "Review of Structural Health Monitoring Techniques in Pipeline and Wind Turbine Industries." Applied System Innovation 4, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi4030059.

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There has been enormous growth in the energy sector in the new millennium, and it has enhanced energy demand, creating an exponential rise in the capital investment in the energy industry in the last few years. Regular monitoring of the health of industrial equipment is necessary, and thus, the concept of structural health monitoring (SHM) comes into play. In this paper, the purpose is to highlight the importance of SHM systems and various techniques primarily used in pipelining industries. There have been several advancements in SHM systems over the years such as Point OFS (optical fiber sensor) for Corrosion, Distributed OFS for physical and chemical sensing, etc. However, these advanced SHM technologies are at their nascent stages of development, and thus, there are several challenges that exist in the industries. The techniques based on acoustic, UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), etc. bring in various challenges, as it becomes daunting to monitor the deformations from both sides by employing only one technique. In order to determine the damages well in advance, it is necessary that the sensor is positioned inside the pipes and gives the operators enough time to carry out the troubleshooting. However, the mentioned technologies have been unable to indicate the errors, and thus, there is the requirement for a newer technology to be developed. The purpose of this review manuscript is to enlighten the readers about the importance of structural health monitoring in pipeline and wind turbine industries.

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Han, Yan. "The Building of Optical Fiber Network System Using Hetero-Core Fiber Optic Sensors." Advanced Materials Research 571 (September 2012): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.342.

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We proposed a novel optical sensory nerve network using pulse switch sensors. The pulse switch sensor generates light loss similar to pulse signals only when ON/OFF states change. Therefore, it has less influence on communications quality compared with conventional switch sensor modules as sensor multiplicity increases. Our simulated results demonstrated that the proposed system can improve sensor multiplicity while maintaining the communications and measuring performance with the same quality as a conventional system by appropriately adjusting the initial loss of the pulse switch sensors. In particular, where ON/OFF time intervals follow exponential distributions with mean values of 5 and 300 s, respectively, the insertion loss of hetero-core segments inserted into pulse switch sensors is 0.3 dB, and the pulse switch sensors have curvature from 0.05 to 0.18. Under these conditions, our enhanced system can increase sensor multiplicity to 23 while maintaining link availability of almost 100%, a distinction error ratio of less than 1%, and a duplicated error ratio of about 0.5%.

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Doyle, Crispin, and Gerard Fernando. "Detecting impact damage in a composite material with an optical fibre vibration sensor system." Smart Materials and Structures 7, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/7/4/015.

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Liu, T., and G. F. Fernando. "Processing of polymer composites: an optical fibre-based sensor system for on-line amine monitoring." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 32, no. 11 (November 2001): 1561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(01)00003-3.

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Pandian, C., S. Sosamma, M. Kasinathan, C. Babu Rao, N. Murali, T. Jayakumar, Baldev Raj, et al. "Identification of a dormant thermally-stimulated defect in an optical fibre using a Raman sensor." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 51, no. 10 (October 2009): 568–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2009.51.10.568.

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Liu, T., M. Wu, Y. Rao, D. A. Jackson, and G. F. Fernando. "A multiplexed optical fibre-based extrinsic Fabry-Perot sensor system forin-situstrain monitoring in composites." Smart Materials and Structures 7, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/7/4/016.

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Barton, E. N., S. L. Ogin, A. M. Thorne, and G. T. Reed. "Optimisation of the coating of a fibre optical sensor embedded in a cross-ply GFRP laminate." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 33, no. 1 (January 2002): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(01)00079-3.

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39

Ruzek, Roman, Martin Kadlec, Konstantinos Tserpes, and Evaggelos Karachalios. "Monitoring of compressive behaviour of stiffened composite panels using embedded fibre optic and strain gauge sensors." International Journal of Structural Integrity 8, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-11-2015-0052.

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Purpose Compression is critical loading condition for composite airframes. Compression behaviour of structures with or without damages is a weak point for composite fuselage panels. This is one of the reasons for need of continuous in-service health monitoring of composite structures. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the compression panel behaviour on the base of a developed and implemented structural health monitoring (SHM) system. Design/methodology/approach The SHM system based on fibre optic Bragg grating (FOBG) sensors and standard resistance strain gauges (SGs) was placed onto/into (embedded or bonded) three stiffened carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) fuselage panels. The FOBG sensor system was used to monitor the structural integrity of the reference, impacted, and fatigued panels under compression loading. Both barely visible impact damage and visible impact damage were created to evaluate their influence on the panel behaviour. The functionality of the SHM system was verified through mechanical testing. Findings Experimental data showed the presence of impact damages significantly changes the buckling modes development and deformation behaviour of the panels. Some differences between the optical and SG sensors during buckling were observed. The buckling waves and failure development were very well indicated during loading by all sensors located on the panel surface but not by the embedded sensors. Good agreement between the data from the SGs and FOBG sensors was achieved for all sensors placed on the stringers, which did not buckle. The good reliability of FOBG sensors during the fatigue and static testing up to panel failure was verified. Originality/value The paper gives information about different buckling behaviour of CFRP fuselage stiffened panels in compression. The paper gives detailed information about measured signals from different sensors based on their location on/in the panel structure for realistic loading scenario of composite aerostructures. The paper gives an integrated overview of sensors placement considering possibilities to predicate structure behaviour.

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Goossens, Sidney, Ben De Pauw, Thomas Geernaert, Mohammad Saleh Salmanpour, Zahra Sharif Khodaei, Evangelos Karachalios, Diego Saenz-Castillo, Hugo Thienpont, and Francis Berghmans. "Aerospace-grade surface mounted optical fibre strain sensor for structural health monitoring on composite structures evaluated against in-flight conditions." Smart Materials and Structures 28, no. 6 (May 3, 2019): 065008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ab1458.

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41

Cai, Shunshuo, Wanhan Hu, Yiman Liu, Juan Ning, Sixuan Feng, Chao Jin, Lingling Huang, and Xin Li. "Optical fiber hydrogen sensor using metasurfaces composed of palladium." Chinese Optics Letters 20, no. 5 (2022): 053601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202220.053601.

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Shupeng Liu, Shupeng Liu, Yuxue Bai Yuxue Bai, Zhenyi Chen Zhenyi Chen, Na Chen Na Chen, Jing Huang Jing Huang, Lianxin Li Lianxin Li, and Bo Lu Bo Lu. "SERS measurement of cancerous cells with optical fiber sensor." Chinese Optics Letters 12, s2 (2014): S23002–323004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.s23002.

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43

Enikov, E. T., and B. J. Nelson. "Three-dimensional microfabrication for a multi-degree-of-freedom capacitive force sensor using fibre-chip coupling." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 10, no. 4 (October 10, 2000): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/10/4/302.

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Vladev, Veselin P., Tinko A. Eftimov, Stefan I. Bozhkov, Krastena T. Nikolova, Stefka P. Minkova, Denitsa E. Blazheva, Galena V. Angelova, and Maria S. Brazkova. "Fiber-coupled fluorescence light source suitable for spectroscopic applications." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i3.1164.

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An experimental study of a fluorescent broadband light source fully compatible with optical fibers is presented in the article, with the aim of using it for excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy. A fiber optic glass ferrule filled with a solution of Rhodamine 6G in glycerin was used for the basic construction of the light source. The ferrule is coupled with optical fibers to illuminate the dye medium and to receive the fluorescent signal. A tuning of the light spectrum from the source between 528 nm and 660 nm with a shift of 1 nm is achieved by means of a monochromator. Full Text: PDF ReferencesN. Hoinka and T. Fuhrmann-Lieker, "Amplified Spontaneous Emission in Paper", Sci. Rep. 9, 1 (2019), CrossRef J. Włodarski, M. Chychłowski, "Chemically tuned light source with an optical pump", Photonics Lett. Pol. 13(2), 46 (2021). CrossRef J. Żmojda, P. Miluski, M. Kochanowicz, J. Dorosz, A. Baranowska, M. Leśniak and D. Dorosz, "Luminescent properties of active optical fibers", Photonics Lett. Pol. 11(2), 50 (2019). CrossRef K. Jakubowski, W. Kerkemeyer, E. Perret, M. Heuberger, R. Hufenus, "Liquid-core polymer optical fibers for luminescent waveguide applications", Mater. Des. 196, 1 (2020). CrossRef V. Vladev, T. Eftimov, "Fiberized fluorescent dye microtubes", Proc. SPIE 8770, 87700V-1 (2013). CrossRef V. Vladev, T. Eftimov, W. Bock, "Broad-band fluorescent all-fiber source based on microstructured optical fibers", Photonics Lett. Pol., 7(2), 41 (2015). CrossRef V. Vladev, T. Eftimov, W. Bock, "Fluorescent all-fiber light source based on micro-capillaries and on microstructured optical fibers terminated with a microbulb", Opt. Comm. 356, 34 (2015). CrossRef V. Vladev, T. Eftimov, S. Nedev, "Excitation efficiency of a side-pumped fiberized fluorescent dye microcapillary", Opt. Fib. Tech. 28, 28 (2016). CrossRef V. Vladev, M. Todorova, V. Slavchev, M. Brazkova, E. Belina, S. Bozhkov, P. Radusheva, "A new basic structure suitable for a fully integrated all-fiber-optic stimulated emission dye source", J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1859 (012059), 1 (2021). CrossRef V. P. Vladev, M. M. Todorova, M. S. Brazkova, S. I. Bozhkov, "Diode-pumped all-fiber-optic liquid dye laser", Laser Phys. Lett. 18 (11), 115103 (2021), CrossRef G. Dyankov, T. A. Eftimov, N. Malinowski, E. Belina, H. Kisov, P. Mikulic, W. J. Bock, "A highly efficient biosensor based on MAPLE deposited hemoglobin on LPGs around phase matching turning point", Opt. Laser Technol. 123, 1 (2020). CrossRef T. Eftimov, G. Dyankov, A. Arapova, P. Kolev and V. Vladev, W4.73 , OFS-27, Optical Fiber Sensor Conference - 2022, 29 Aug- 2 Sept., The Westin Alexandria, Alexandria, Virginia, USA. CrossRef G. Rossi, J. Durek, S. Ojha, O. K. Schlüter, "Fluorescence-based characterisation of selected edible insect species: Excitation emission matrix (EEM) and parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis", CRFS 4, 862 (2021). CrossRef L. Li, Y. Wang, W. Zhang, S. Yu, X. Wang, N. Gao, "New advances in fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy for the characterization of dissolved organic matter in drinking water treatment: A review Author links open overlay panel", Chem. Eng. J. 381, 1 (2020). CrossRef

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Yang, Caixia, Yuegang Tan, Yi Liu, Ping Xia, Yinghao Cui, and Bo Zheng. "Modeling and Optimization of Laser Cladding Fixation Process for Optical Fiber Sensors in Harsh Environments." Sensors 22, no. 7 (March 27, 2022): 2569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072569.

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In order to overcome the shortcomings of the poor shear resistance of the bare optical fiber whose coating layer falls off due to harsh conditions, such as on aero-engines and the marine environment, the coaxial powder feeding laser cladding method (CPFLCM) is proposed to connect the optical fiber sensor and the substrate. The concentration field model of the powder flow is established in sections, the effective number model of particles and the corresponding laser attenuation rate are obtained. Through simulation, the influence of relevant parameters of laser cladding on the temperature field was analyzed, and the accurate parameters of laser cladding were optimized. Finally, the temperature rise trajectory of the substrate temperature field was verified by using the fiber grating temperature sensor. Through experiments, the quality of the molten pool and the optical transmission loss of the optical fiber sensor were analyzed, and the consistency of the simulation optimization parameters was verified. Through this paper, it can be concluded that the proposed CPFLCM can realize the effective connection of the optical fiber sensor to the substrate. It is of great significance in the application of optical fiber sensors in harsh environments of oceans and aerospace.

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Barczak, Kamil, and Janusz Juraszek. "Optoelectronic system for detecting short-circuits in low voltage networks." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i2.1158.

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The paper presents the concept of using a fiber-optic current sensor with external conversion (OFCS-EC) in a power system. The sensor was developed in the Department of Optoelectronics and was tested in a laboratory. The focus was on the use of OFCS-EC in a real low voltage network. The main purpose of the presented measurement system will be to record network disturbance states with high accuracy. The experiment is to answer the question whether the recorded current waveforms in fault states and the measurement transmission speed will be useful enough to be able to predict, identify and, consequently, prevent losses and damage to devices caused by disturbances in low voltage networks. Full Text: PDF ReferencesS. Ziegler, R.C. Woodward, H.H.C. Iu, L.J. Borle, "Current Sensing Techniques: A Review", IEEE Sens. J. 9, 354 (2009). CrossRef R.M. Silva, H. Martins, I. Nascimento, J.M. Baptista, A.L. Ribeiro, J.L. Santos, P. Jorge, O. Frazão, "Optical Current Sensors for High Power Systems: A Review", Appl. Sci. 2, 602 (2012). CrossRef K. Barczak, K. Mazniewski, "Optical fiber current sensor with external conversion for measurements of low AC electric currents", Proc. SPIE, 10455 (2017). CrossRef K. Barczak, T. Pustelny, D. Dorosz, J. Dorosz, "Polarization maintaining fibers for application in magnetic field measurements", Eur. Phys. J.: Spec Top. 154, 11 (2008). CrossRef K. Barczak, T. Pustelny, D. Dorosz, J. Dorosz, "New Optical Glasses with High Refractive Indices for Applications in Optical Current Sensors", Acta Phys. Pol. A, 116, 247 (2009). CrossRef K. Barczak, "Optical fiber current sensor with external conversion", Proc. SPIE, 10034 (2016). CrossRef K. Barczak, D. Duda, K. Mazniewski, "Optical fiber current sensor with external conversion in high voltage environment", Proc. SPIE, 10830 (2018). CrossRef

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He Zuyuan, 何祖源, and 刘庆文 Liu Qingwen. "光纤分布式声波传感器原理与应用." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 58, no. 13 (2021): 1306001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202158.1306001.

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Mikhailov, Petr, Zhomart Ualiyev, Assem Kabdoldina, Nurzhigit Smailov, Askar Khikmetov, and Feruza Malikova. "Multifunctional fiber-optic sensors for space infrastructure." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 5 (113) (October 31, 2021): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.242995.

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Sensors used in rocket and space technology are subject to extreme external influences in terms of temperature, vibration, and shock. Therefore, the choice of the type of sensors is justified precisely by the resistance to such factors, as well as the ability to ensure the temporal and parametric stability of measurements. A new type of sensors – fiber-optic ones – meets these conditions. The basis for the selection and further improvement of such sensors were such requirements as minimum power consumption, high accuracy and stability of measurements, the ability to combine several measurements in one sensor. It is noted that for space infrastructure the factor of the possibility of simultaneous measurement of several parameters with one sensor is one of the important quality indicators. This is due to the possibility of reducing the number of sensors themselves, which reduces the mass and size parameters of space technology. This applies, first of all, to measurements of pressure and temperature, since they, in aggregate, account for at least 40 % of all measurements in space products. The path of choos-ing the types of methods and sensor designs led to the combination of the amplitude conversion method and optical communication in one sensor. In this case, amplitude modulation of pressure and temperature is carried out by a microelec-tromechanical unit (module), and the modulated optical signal is transmitted by an optical module. Such a modular composition of the sensor makes it possible to dispense with optical ana-lyzers (interrogators) and carry out further pro-cessing based on standard interfaces. A limitation of the proposed methods and designs is the need for microelectromechanical structures that measure certain physical quantities. Such structures for fiber-optic sensors are not mass-produced; therefore, their manufacture can be established at instrument-making enterprises with microelectronic equipment

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Qi Hua, 齐华, 冯艳 Feng Yan, 张华 Zhang Hua, and 王慧琴 Wang Huiqin. "光纤布拉格光栅传感器在微创医疗中的研究进展." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 59, no. 13 (2022): 1300004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202259.1300004.

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Shupeng Liu, Shupeng Liu, Lianxin Li Lianxin Li, Zhenyi Chen Zhenyi Chen, Na Chen Na Chen, Zhangmin Dai Zhangmin Dai, Jing Huang Jing Huang, and Bo Lu Bo Lu. "Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurement of cancerous cells with optical fiber sensor." Chinese Optics Letters 12, s1 (2014): S13001–313003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.s13001.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Optical fibre sensor (OFS)'

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