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Journal articles on the topic 'Optical fibre link'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Abbas, Huda Saleh, and Mark A. Gregory. "Passive Optical Network Survivability: Protection, Detection and Restoration." International Journal of Information, Communication Technology and Applications 1, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17972/ajicta20151115.

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Passive optical network (PON) technologies have received increasing attention as demand for fibre access networks has grown. Enhancing fibre access network reliability provides lower operational costs, and improves customer satisfaction. This paper discusses PON survivability including protection schemes for the fiber link and the Optical Line Terminal (OLT), the exciting monitoring techniques of the fiber link, and the effect of reducing the restoration time on the network availability. The main contribution of this study is to provide two protection schemes namely OLT-only-protected and OLT-and-ring protected. The proposed schemes are designed to handle instances of single failure affecting all customers in the network. This work considers three key performance metrics- Failure Impact Robustness (FIR), cost, and availability. The objective of the proposed protection architectures is to guarantee high quality of service at low costs by protecting critical network elements such as OLT and fiber ring. The proposed architectures have been compared with other well-known protection schemes. The results postulate that OLT-and-ring protected approach has 99.993% availability with a 0.09% increase in cost compared to the ring-only protection architecture.

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2

Jain, V. K. "An Approach to Optical Fibre Link Design." IETE Journal of Education 29, no. 2 (April 1988): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09747338.1988.11436194.

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3

Lewis, A. R., and F. J. Paddock. "A 280 Mbit/s optical fibre vision link." Journal of the Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers 55, no. 1 (1985): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/jiere.1985.0009.

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4

Jelinek, Michal, Ondrej Cip, Josef Lazar, and Bretislav Mikel. "Design and Characterisation of an Optical Fibre Dosimeter Based on Silica Optical Fibre and Scintillation Crystal." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 7312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197312.

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In nuclear power plants, particle accelerators, and other nuclear facilities, measuring the level of ionising gamma radiation is critical for the safety and management of the operation and the environment’s protection. However, in many cases, it is impossible to monitor ionising radiation directly at the required location continuously. This is typically either due to the lack of space to accommodate the entire dosimeter or in environments with high ionising radiation activity, electromagnetic radiation, and temperature, which significantly shorten electronics’ lifetime. To allow for radiation measurement in such scenarios, we designed a fibre optic dosimeter that introduces an optical fibre link to deliver the scintillation radiation between the ionising radiation sensor and the detectors. The sensors can thus be placed in space-constrained and electronically hostile locations. We used silica optical fibres that withstand high radiation doses, high temperatures, and electromagnetic interference. We use a single photon counter and a photomultiplier to detect the transmitted scintillation radiation. We have shown that selected optical fibres, combined with different scintillation materials, are suitable for measuring gamma radiation levels in hundreds of kBq. We present the architecture of the dosimeter and its experimental characterisation with several combinations of optical fibres, detectors, and scintillation crystals.

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5

R.O, Okeke, and Idigo V.E. "Dispersion effect on Single mode Optical fibre transmission link." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 67, no. 11 (November 25, 2019): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v67i11p229.

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6

Sharma, Abhishek, Sushank Chaudhary, Deepika Thakur, and Vigneswaran Dhasratan. "A Cost-Effective High-Speed Radio over Fibre System for Millimeter Wave Applications." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 2 (March 26, 2020): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0166.

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AbstractsFuture 5 G networks can enhance their wireless capacity and speed by effectively using high-frequency millimetre waves. Radio over fibres (RoF) is the promising technology to deliver millimetre waves over optical fibres as it integrates radio domain with wireless domain. The current study employed cost-effective non-return to zero scheme to encode 10 Gbps – 60 GHz data and wavelength division multiplexing scheme to transmit four channels over 60 km optical fibre link.

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7

Ireeta, Winston T., Vitalis Musara, Lorinda Wu, and Andrew W. R. Leitch. "Insight into PMD Regimes: An Analysis on Buried Optical Fibres." International Journal of Optics 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/367967.

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Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) field measurements on deployed buried fibres showed that the PMD variation over the 1520 to 1570 nm wavelength was stochastic. The PMD variation over the 98-hour period for each wavelength was directional and limited; they are due to the presence of random mode coupling along the fibre length and limited influence from extrinsic perturbations over time, respectively. PMD variation in the wavelength domain showed that the mean first-order PMD (FO-PMD) value is independent of whether the FO-PMD statistics of a fibre link approaches the Maxwellian theoretical distribution; the key factor is sufficient random mode coupling. The accompanying second-order PMD (SO-PMD) statistics, with FO-PMD statistics approaching Maxwellian, followed the PDF given by Foschini et al. (1999). The FO- and SO-PMD statistics at a given wavelength gave nonstochastic PMD distributions with time.

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8

Ghassemlooy, Z., B. Wilson, and I. Darwazeh. "Pulse Width Modulation Laboratory Experiment Using an Optical Fibre Communication Link." International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education 27, no. 4 (October 1990): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099002700407.

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9

Tjhung, T. T., B. Selvan, M. K. Haldar, and F. V. C. Mendis. "Single-mode 1.3 μm optical fibre link for analogue multichannel television." Electronics Letters 22, no. 10 (May 8, 1986): 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19860346.

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10

Bates, R. J. S., and S. D. Walker. "Evaluation of all-plastic optical fibre computer data link dispersion limits." Electronics Letters 28, no. 11 (May 21, 1992): 996–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19920633.

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11

Reeve, M. H., S. A. Cassidy, S. Hornung, and P. Yennadhiou. "Design and implementation of an optical link using blown-fibre cable." BT Technology Journal 25, no. 3-4 (July 2007): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10550-007-0059-8.

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12

Mackie, R. D. L., C. Gater, and J. R. Jordan. "A very-low-power optical fibre communications link suitable for battery operation." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 22, no. 5 (May 1989): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/22/5/009.

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13

Shklov, Shane J. "A multichannel, bidirectional single-wavelength, optical video link over a single fibre." International Journal of Digital & Analog Communication Systems 3, no. 4 (October 1990): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.4510030406.

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14

Lipiński, Marcin, Przemysław Krehlik, Łukasz Śliwczyński, Łukasz Buczek, and Jacek Kołodziej. "Testing Time and Frequency Fiber-Optic Link Transfer by Hardware Emulation of Acoustic-Band Optical Noise." Metrology and Measurement Systems 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mms-2016-0024.

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Abstract The low-frequency optical-signal phase noise induced by mechanical vibration of the base occurs in field-deployed fibers. Typical telecommunication data transfer is insensitive to this type of noise but the phenomenon may influence links dedicated to precise Time and Frequency (T&F) fiber-optic transfer that exploit the idea of stabilization of phase or propagation delay of the link. To measure effectiveness of suppression of acoustic noise in such a link, a dedicated measurement setup is necessary. The setup should enable to introduce a low-frequency phase corruption to the optical signal in a controllable way. In the paper, a concept of a setup in which the mechanically induced acoustic-band optical signal phase corruption is described and its own features and measured parameters are presented. Next, the experimental measurement results of the T&F transfer TFTS-2 system’s immunity as a function of the fibre-optic length vs. the acoustic-band noise are presented. Then, the dependency of the system immunity on the location of a noise source along the link is also pointed out.

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15

Salamin, Y., B. Baeuerle, W. Heni, F. C. Abrecht, A. Josten, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Haffner, et al. "Microwave plasmonic mixer in a transparent fibre–wireless link." Nature Photonics 12, no. 12 (October 29, 2018): 749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0281-6.

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16

Usman, Auwalu, Nadiatulhuda Zulkifli, Mohd Rashidi Salim, Kharina Khairi, and Asrul Izam Azmi. "Optical link monitoring in fibre-to-the-x passive optical network (FTTx PON): A comprehensive survey." Optical Switching and Networking 39 (November 2020): 100596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2020.100596.

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17

Otero Diaz, L. C., A. R. Landa Canovas, S. Hansen, and B. G. Hyde. "Observations on a fibrous form of silicon carbide." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 1040–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100178331.

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During a phase and structure analysis of the ytterbium sulphide system we observed, in addition to various ytterbium sulphides , some fibrous crystals ≃10-100 μm long, ≃0.5 μm diameter, e.g. Fig.10. In the optical microscope they were seen to be crystalline, white and transparent. In the electron microscope planar defects were seen in parts of them; usually normal to the fibre axis, and often closely aggregated into groups, e.g. Figs. 1a and 2a, which were taken with JE0L 2000 FX and 4000 EX microscopes.The fibre morphology was unexpected, and ytterbium sulphides (with the exception of Yb2S3, which is yellow)are black and metallic in appearance. Futhermore the electron diffraction patterns from the fibres did not correspond to any knownor possible YbS phase/ structure.EDSxanalysis (with a LINK AN 10000, JE0L 2000 FX microscope) revealed the presence of Si in the fibres, but not heavier elements.

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18

Meroli, S., J. Blanc, D. Di Francesca, D. Ricci, B. Slater, I. Toccafondo, and F. Vasey. "Development and prototyping of the Versatile Link + optical fibre cabling plants for the HL-LHC upgrades of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): C12012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/12/c12012.

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Abstract With the foreseen upgrades in HL-LHC, the Versatile Link Plus project was launched to develop the optical fibre links between the experiments and the counting room, in order to reach higher data rates. New fibre cabling plants have been designed in this framework for tight integration in experiment front ends and operation at higher radiation doses. Those cabling plants make use of novel multi-fibre assemblies that are tailored to the specific experiment requirements and conditions. This paper describes the design decisions that have led to the final production-ready prototypes and the related implementation of a large-scale procurement framework.

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19

Salamin, Y., B. Baeuerle, W. Heni, F. C. Abrecht, A. Josten, Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Haffner, et al. "Author Correction: Microwave plasmonic mixer in a transparent fibre–wireless link." Nature Photonics 12, no. 12 (November 7, 2018): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0305-2.

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20

Preite, Massimo Valerio, Vito Sorianello, Gabriele De Angelis, Marco Romagnoli, and Philippe Velha. "Geometrical Representation of a Polarisation Management Component on a SOI Platform." Micromachines 10, no. 6 (May 30, 2019): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10060364.

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Grating couplers, widely used in Silicon Photonics (SiPho) for fibre-chip coupling are polarisation sensitive components, consequently any polarisation fluctuation from the fibre optical link results in spurious intensity swings. A polarisation management componentis analytically considered, coupled with a geometrical representation based on phasors and Poincaré sphere, generalising and simplifying the treatment and understanding of its functionalities. A specific implementation in SOI is shown both as polarisation compensator and polarisation controller, focusing on the operative principle. Finally, it is demonstrated experimentally that this component can be used as an integrated polarimeter.

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21

Ogawa, K., and M. D. Pelusi. "Characterisation of ultrashort optical pulses in a dispersion-managed fibre link using two-photon absorption frequency-resolved optical gating." Optics Communications 198, no. 1-3 (October 2001): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(01)01501-2.

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22

Schlepple, N., H. Shibata, Y. Koike, M. Nishigaki, H. Uemura, H. Furuyama, and Y. Sugizaki. "Optoelectronic high-speed HDMI cable with compact optical sub-assembly and 4×3.4 Gbit/s plastic optical fibre link." Electronics Letters 48, no. 25 (December 6, 2012): 1611–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2012.3176.

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23

Schlepple, N., M. Nishigaki, H. Uemura, H. Furuyama, Y. Sugizaki, H. Shibata, and Y. Koike. "4 × 10 Gbit/s full‐duplex optical link with compact optical sub‐assemblies and thin GI 50/125 plastic optical fibre ribbon." Electronics Letters 49, no. 13 (June 2013): 835–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2013.0583.

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24

Hadi, Muhammad Usman, Jian Song, Sunish Kumar Orappanpara Soman, Ardavan Rahimian, and Adnan Ahmad Cheema. "Experimental Evaluation of Hybrid Fibre–Wireless System for 5G Networks." Telecom 3, no. 2 (April 2, 2022): 218–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom3020014.

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This article describes a novel experimental study considering a multiband fibre–wireless system for constructing the transport network for fifth-generation (5G) networks. This study describes the development and testing of a 5G new radio (NR) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) hybrid fibre–wireless (FiWi) system for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) using digital pre-distortion (DPD). Analog radio over fibre (A-RoF) technology was used to create the optical fronthaul (OFH) that includes a 3 GHz supercell in a long-range scenario as well as a femtocell scenario using the 20 GHz band. As a proof of concept, a Mach Zehnder modulator with two independent radio frequency waveforms modifies a 1310 nm optical carrier using a distributed feedback laser across 10 km of conventional standard single-mode fibre. It may be inferred that a hybrid FiWi-based MIMO-enabled 5G NR system based on OFH could be a strong competitor for future mobile haul applications. Moreover, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based DPD is used to improve the performance of the link. The error vector magnitude (EVM) performance for 5G NR bands is predicted to fulfil the Third Generation Partnership Project’s (3GPP) Release 17 standards.

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25

Dlamini, P. P., G. M. Isoe, D. Kiboi Boiyo, A. W. R. Leitch, and T. B. Gibbon. "All-Optical VCSEL-to-VCSEL Injection Based on Cross Gain Modulation for Routing in Multinode Flexible Spectrum Optimization in Optical Fibre Transmission Links." International Journal of Optics 2019 (August 4, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2987652.

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In this paper, we experimentally present a novel, all-optical spectral efficient vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser- (VCSEL-) based technique for routing and spectrum assignment in optical networks. Exploiting all optical VCSEL-to-VCSEL injection to attain cross gain modulation, the optical transmitter is optimized for optical transmission paths to assure quality of service by overcoming blockage for differentiated bandwidth demands during network congestion incidences. A 10 Gbps directly modulated 1549 nm master VCSEL is optically injected into the 1549 nm side modes of a 1550 nm slave VCSEL. The Shannon limit is considered for higher transmission rates with the problem decomposed into degraded routing and spectrum assignment and chromatic dispersion in the optical transmission link penalties. In this work, the proposed technique achieved a 1.3 dB penalty for transmission over a 25 km G.655 nonzero dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre, a value within the transmission media and optical system characteristics of 3 dB as recommended by the International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication (ITU-T). The number of transceivers, switches, and optical transmission links in the network was reduced, increasing the number of satisfied bandwidth requests, thus optimizing the spectral resource utilization.

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26

Tzeng, S. L., H. C. Chang, and Y. K. Chen. "Chirped-fibre-grating-based optical limiting amplifier for simultaneous dispersion compensation and limiting amplification in 10 Gbit/s G.652 fibre link." Electronics Letters 35, no. 8 (1999): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19990435.

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27

Jiang, Z., A. Czubla, J. Nawrocki, W. Lewandowski, and E. F. Arias. "Comparing a GPS time link calibration with an optical fibre self-calibration with 200 ps accuracy." Metrologia 52, no. 2 (March 30, 2015): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/52/2/384.

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28

Pandian, G. Soundra, and Amrik Singh. "GHz Analog Transmission on a Single Mode Optical Fibre Link using a Laser with Multimode Pigtail." IETE Journal of Research 34, no. 6 (November 1, 1988): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.1988.11436764.

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29

Li, Lu, Wenrui Xue, Zhiyong Xu, Zhonghao Li, and Guosheng Zhou. "Direct method for the periodic amplification of a soliton in an optical fibre link with loss." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 36, no. 3 (January 8, 2003): 817–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/36/3/315.

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30

Karpathakis, Skevos F. E., Benjamin P. Dix-Matthews, Shane M. Walsh, Ayden S. McCann, David R. Gozzard, Alex M. Frost, Charles T. Gravestock, and Sascha W. Schediwy. "Ground-to-Drone Optical Pulse Position Modulation Demonstration as a Testbed for Lunar Communications." Drones 7, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7020099.

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Free-space optical (FSO) communication promises to bring fibre-like speeds to data transmissions between ground, sky and space. This is becoming more important in light of the increasing volume of data collected by aircraft and spacecraft. The University of Western Australia (UWA) is commissioning optical ground stations to support FSO communications payloads. We propose retroreflected laser links to drones as a useful step towards further ground-to-sky and ground-to-space FSO communications demonstrations. In this paper, we describe the operation of a hardware testbed for a high photon efficiency optical communication physical layer. This testbed was deployed over a slanted free space link to a drone to verify sub-systems required in communication between the ground station and a spacecraft in cis-Lunar space. Accomplishing this verification of the telescope pointing systems and communications systems would have otherwise been much harder or impossible without using a retroreflected drone link.

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31

van der Ziel, J. P., R. M. Mikulyak, and R. A. Logan. "7.5 km bidirectional single-mode optical-fibre link using dual-mode InGaAsP/InP 1.3 μm laser detectors." Electronics Letters 21, no. 11 (May 23, 1985): 511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19850362.

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32

Khabarova, K. Yu, K. S. Kudeyarov, G. A. Vishnyakova, and N. N. Kolachevsky. "Short-haul fibre-optic communication link with a phase noise compensation system for optical frequency signal transmission." Quantum Electronics 47, no. 9 (September 29, 2017): 794–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qel16471.

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33

Chan, K., T. Furuya, H. Ito, and H. Inaba. "Fully optical remote measurement of CH4 gas in the near infra-red using a 5 km long low-loss optical fibre link." Optical and Quantum Electronics 17, no. 2 (March 1985): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00620786.

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34

Koonen, Ton, Ketemaw Mekonnen, Zizheng Cao, Frans Huijskens, Ngoc Quan Pham, and Eduward Tangdiongga. "Ultra-high-capacity wireless communication by means of steered narrow optical beams." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2169 (March 2, 2020): 20190192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0192.

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The optical spectrum offers great opportunities to resolve the congestion in radio-based communication, aggravated by the booming demand for wireless connectivity. High-speed infrared optical components in the 1500 nm window have reached high levels of sophistication and are extensively used already in fibre-optic networks. Moreover, infrared light beyond 1400 nm is eye-safe and is not noticeable by the users. Deploying steerable narrow infrared beams, wireless links with huge capacity can be established to users individually, at minimum power consumption levels and at very high levels of privacy. Fully passive diffractive optical modules can handle many beams individually and accurately steer narrow beams two-dimensionally by just remotely tuning the wavelength of each beam. The system design aspects are discussed, encompassing the beam-steering transmitter, wide field-of-view optical receiver and the localization of the user's wireless devices. Prototype system demonstrators are reported, capable of supporting up to 128 beams carrying up to 112 Gbit s −1 per beam. Hybrid bidirectional systems which use a high-speed downstream optical link and an upstream radio link at a lower speed can provide powerful asymmetric wireless connections. All-optical bidirectional beam-steered wireless communication will be able to offer the ultimate in wireless capacity to the user while minimizing power consumption. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.

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35

Łysiuk, Anna, Konrad Godziszewski, and Yevhen Yashchyshyn. "Low Cost E/O and O/E Modules for Radio Over Fibre Link." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 55, no. 10 (July 26, 2013): 2423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.27811.

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36

Nguyen, Dong-Nhat, Stanislav Zvanovec, and Zabih Ghassemlooy. "Mitigation of dispersion and turbulence in a hybrid optical fibre and free-space optics link using electronic equalisation." Optik 196 (November 2019): 163154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163154.

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37

Hill, K. O., T. Kataoka, B. Malo, S. Thériault, T. Kitagawa, F. Bilodeau, J. Albert, K. Takiguchi, D. C. Johnson, and K. Hagimoto. "Chirped in-fibre Bragg grating dispersion compensators: Linearisation of dispersion characteristic and demonstration of dispersion compensation in 100 km, 10 Gbit/s optical fibre link." Electronics Letters 30, no. 21 (October 13, 1994): 1755–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19941214.

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38

Ahmed, Md Shakil, and Ivan Glesk. "Application of Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) in Managing Chirp of Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) Code Carriers in Temperature Affected Fibre Link." Applied Sciences 8, no. 5 (May 3, 2018): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8050715.

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39

Ajewole, M. O., P. A. Owolawi, J. S. Ojo, and R. M. Adetunji. "Assessment of fog and rain induced-attenuation on terrestrial FSO links." APTIKOM Journal on Computer Science and Information Technologies 4, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/csit.v4i1.86.

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Launching into the next generation of wireless communication network (5G network) requires secure highdata rate, high speed and huge bandwidth links. With the tremendous increase in broadband users, the existingcommunication systems such as radio frequency (RF) and microwave links cannot meet up with the challenges due totheir link interference and low bandwidth. A current technology that promises such requirements and more is FreeSpace Optical (FSO) communication. The FSO basically involves the transmission of signal-modulated opticalradiation from a transmitter to a receiver through the atmosphere or outer space. It is designed to complement thetraditional fibre optical communication links. However, location-variant atmospheric channel degrades the qualityand performance of an FSO system under severe atmospheric conditions. This paper attempts to assess both fog- andrain-induced attenuation on the performance of FSO link in a terrestrial terrain using measured visibility and rainrate data at Akure, Nigeria. 5-year (2012-2016) archived visibility data and measured rain rate data of 1-minuteintegration time obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) and the Department of Physics, FederalUniversity of Technology, Akure respectively, were used to compute the fog- and rain-induced specific attenuationsusing Kruse and Carboneur models. The performance of the FSO system was analyzed through link margin by usingthe parameters of a commercial optical transceiver, Terescope 5000. Findings from this work will be useful for FSOsystem design in the area.

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40

Hadi, Muhammad Usman, and Ghulam Murtaza. "Fibre Wireless Distributed Antenna Systems for 5G and 6G Services." Electronics 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010064.

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The terahertz (THz) frequency bands are being explored as a potential means of enabling an ultra-high transmission capacity in sixth-generation (6G) radio-access networks (RAN) because higher frequencies offer broader bandwidths. When utilized in wireless communications, high-frequency electromagnetic waves impose several physical restrictions. To overcome these difficulties and to expand the service coverage, the radio-over-fibre (RoF)-based distributed antenna system (DAS), in particular, can improve the usability of future mobile networks with advantages such as seamless media conversion between wireless and optical signal, flexible multichannel aggregations, and efficiency. RoF technology’s inherent advantages are that it improves the DAS network’s usability and transmission performance by allowing it to provide both 5G and 6G THz services at the same time over a single optical fibre connection. We experimentally broadcast a single carrier-modulated 6G signal using a 256 quadrature amplitude modulation and a 5G new radio signal across a 10 km single mode fibre optic link. Additionally, the 6G signal is received through a 3 m wireless medium providing, proof of concept for fibre wireless integration. The experimental trials are assessed in terms of error vector magnitude and carrier suppression ratio. The dynamic range of the allowed RF input power for a 6G signal is 10 dB, while the dynamic range for a 5G waveform signal is 18 dB, which meets the 3GPP standardization criteria. Moreover, the bit error rate performance significantly improved as the carrier suppression ratio was increased from 0 to 20 dB.

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41

Nugroho, Endang Retno, and Rianto Nugroho. "Perancangan Sistem Komunikasi Kabel Laut (SKKL) Fiber Optik Link Surabaya-Bawean." Jurnal Ilmiah Giga 25, no. 1 (July 19, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/jig.v25i1.1663.

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<p><strong>Abstract</strong>. Internet network is an important requirement in the digital era. Indonesia is listed as the country with the highest data traffic growth in the world in 2016. To meet the needs of this data traffic, network access is needed. Indonesia has a geography that mostly covers the ocean. The islands lined up from Sabang to Merauke up to tens of thousands. This large number of islands is a problem in building communication infrastructure. Bawean Island is one of the islands in Indonesia with an area of 197 km2 with a population of more than 100,000 people in 2021. The pre-existing communication access is communication with VSAT using Satellite and Radio Wave Communication. Both types of communication have limitations in bandwidth capacity. In this research, it is proposed to design a Marine Cable Communication System (SKKL) for data access on Bawean Island. Data traffic is sent via optical fibre from the city of Surabaya to the island of Bawean which is 235 km away. In this design, we use a single-mode G.655 cable type and 5 optical amplifiers of the EDFA type. The results of the design show that the power link budget is -9.525 dBm, SNR 25.35 dB, Q-factor 9.26, and BER 1.009×10^-20.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong>. Jaringan internet merupakan suatu kebutuhan penting di era digital. Indonesia tercatat sebagai negara dengan pertumbuhan trafik data tertinggi di dunia pada 2016. Untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan trafik data ini dibutuhkan akses jaringan. Indonesia memiliki geografis yang sebagian besar meliputi lautan. Pulau-pulau berjajar dari Sabang sampai Merauke jumlahnya hingga puluhan ribu. Jumlah pulau yang banyak inilah yang menjadi permasalahan dalam membangun infrastruktur komunikasi. Pulau Bawean adalah salah satu pulau di Indonesia dengan luas 197 km2 dengan penduduk lebih dari 100.000 jiwa pada tahun 2021. Akses komunikasi yang sudah ada sebelumnya adalah komunikasi dengan VSAT yang memanfaatkan Satelit dan Komunikasi Gelombang Radio. Kedua jenis komunikasi ini memiliki keterbatasan dalam kapasitas bandwidth. Dalam penelitian ini diusulkan perancangan Sistem Komunikasi Kabel Laut (SKKL) untuk akses data pulau Bawean. Trafik data dikirimkan melalui serat optik dari kota Surabaya menuju pulau Bawean yang berjarak 235 km. Dalam perancangan ini menggunakan tipe kabel singlemode G.655 dan 5 buah optikal amplifier jenis EDFA. Hasil perancangan menunjukan besarnya power link budget -9.525 dBm, SNR 25.35 dB, Q-factor 9.26, dan BER 1,009×10^-20.</p>

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42

Payo, Ismael, Vicente Feliu, and Osvaldo Daniel Cortázar. "Fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system for highly flexible single-link robots." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 150, no. 1 (March 2009): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2008.11.033.

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Yang, Xiaoqing. "Modulation Method for High-Capacity Fibre Channel Switch and High-Speed Pulse Network Data." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3206.

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Fibre channel (FC) switches are widely used in storage area networks and avionics systems. In this work, the FC protocol, the switching structure and the scheduling algorithm of the FC switch are deeply studied, and a 48-port FC switch is completed on a single-chip field-programmable gate array (FPGA). In addition, an improved scheduling algorithm for Inter-System Link Protocol (iSLP) is proposed for the input and scheduling of optical fiber pulse network data. On this basis, the overall architecture of the FC switch is proposed, the x690tffg1158 FPGA chip is selected, and the FC port control module is designed, which is composed of the receiving controller, the interface state machine, the sending controller, and the flow control. The routing table lookup module of FC switch is designed, the unicast routing table format and multicast routing table format are proposed, and the corresponding unicast and multicast routing table lookup table module architectures are designed. Aiming at the characteristics of high reliability and low distortion in the transmission of high-speed pulse network signals by FC switches, the modulation and demodulation of Bias-T (BIAS-T) are redesigned. The experiment is implemented using Verilog hardware description language (HDL), and Modelsim 10.5 software is adopted to simulate each module of the switch. The switch adopts an 8×N switching structure, which can accurately perform word synchronization. After the link is initialized, the transceivers can send and receive data frames normally. The redesigned BIAS-T is applied to solve the instability of the end of the analog modulation method, and then realize the low distortion and data integrity of the high-speed pulse signal of the FC switch.

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Liu, Jinsong, and Alastair Wood. "Matched asymptotics for a generalisation of a model equation for optical tunnelling." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 2, no. 3 (September 1991): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792500000528.

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We apply the method of matched asymptotic expansions to link the outgoing wave solution at infinity of the differential equation y″(x)+(lgr;+єxn)y(x) = 0, x∈(0, ∞),λ∈Cє>0, n∈N across the turning point x = (—λ/є)1/n nearest to the positive real axis to a linear homogeneous boundary condition at the origin. The equation with n = 1 models the leakage of energy from the core of a bent fibre optic waveguide, the rate of leakage corresponding to Im λ, which was shown to be exponentially small like O(exp[— 1/є]) by Paris & Wood (1989). The extension n = 2 by Brazel et al. (1990) obtained Im λ = O(exp[— 1/є1/2]). Both these papers involve delicate analysis of the asymptotics of special functions near to Stokes' lines. When n > 2 no special functions are available, and completely different methods must be employed to obtain the result Im λ = O(exp[— 1/є1/n]).

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Liu, J.-Y., S.-L. Chang, and D. Mundo. "Study on the use of a non-circular gear train for the generation of Figure-8 patterns." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 220, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes268.

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Most popular polishing mechanisms for optical fibre end-face polishing machines are divided into three categories: planetary gear trains, linkages, and programmable logic controllers. To prevent the finished product from being scratched, it is expected that the grinding pattern prevents the lapping surface from repeatedly cutting the optical fibre end face in the same direction during the grinding process. For this reason, a polishing machine, whose grinding pad moves according to a Figure-8 path, is proposed in the present work. A pair of elliptical gears is designed to substitute the anti-parallel four-bar linkage and to drive one point of the coupler link along a Figure-8 pattern. However, owing the kinematic characteristics of elliptical gears, the velocity of the coupler point is highly variable during its motion, which is disadvantageous to the quality of grinding. Thus, in this study, a pair of non-circular gears is proposed as driving mechanism. By providing the driving elliptical gear with a suitable law of motion, it is possible to enable the velocity of the coupler point to be constant. A kinematic simulation has been performed to prove that the use of non-circular gears is effective in improving the motion characteristics of the Figure-8 path of motion, which is generated by elliptical gears.

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, M. O., Ajewole, Owolawi , P. A., and Adetunji , R. M. "Assessment of FOG and Rain Induced-Attenuation on Terrestrial FSO Links." APTIKOM Journal on Computer Science and Information Technologies 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/aptikom.j.csit.134.

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Notice of Retraction-----------------------------------------------------------------------After careful and considered review of the content of this paper by a duly constituted expert committee, this paper has been found to be in violation of APTIKOM's Publication Principles.We hereby retract the content of this paper. Reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to this paper.The presenting author of this paper has the option to appeal this decision by contacting ij.aptikom@gmail.com.----------------------------------------------------------------------- Launching into the next generation of wireless communication network (5G network) requires secure high data rate, high speed and huge bandwidth links. With the tremendous increase in broadband users, the existing communication systems such as radio frequency (RF) and microwave links cannot meet up with the challenges due to their link interference and low bandwidth. A current technology that promises such requirements and more is Free Space Optical (FSO) communication. The FSO basically involves the transmission of signal-modulated optical radiation from a transmitter to a receiver through the atmosphere or outer space. It is designed to complement the traditional fibre optical communication links. However, location-variant atmospheric channel degrades the quality and performance of an FSO system under severe atmospheric conditions. This paper attempts to assess both fog- and rain-induced attenuation on the performance of FSO link in a terrestrial terrain using measured visibility and rain rate data at Akure, Nigeria. 5-year (2012-2016) archived visibility data and measured rain rate data of 1-minute integration time obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) and the Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure respectively, were used to compute the fog- and rain-induced specific attenuations using Kruse and Carboneur models. The performance of the FSO system was analyzed through link margin by using the parameters of a commercial optical transceiver, Terescope 5000. Findings from this work will be useful for FSO system design in the area.

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Lee, J. H., C. H. Kim, Y. G. Han, S. B. Lee, T. Nagashima, T. Hasegawa, S. Ohara, N. Sugimoto, and K. Kikuchi. "Bismuth nonlinear fibre-based optical phase conjugator without SBS-induced efficiency limitation and its application to dispersion compensation in transmission link." Electronics Letters 42, no. 5 (2006): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20064383.

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Skidin, Anton, Alexey Redyuk, Olga Shtyrina, Michael Fedoruk, and Alex Shafarenko. "The analysis of the error statistics in a 5×40Gbit/s fibre link with hybrid amplification." Optics Communications 284, no. 19 (September 2011): 4695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2011.05.045.

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Yang, Tao, and Leon O. Chua. "Applications of Chaotic Digital Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) to Cable Communication Systems." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 08, no. 08 (August 1998): 1657–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127498001327.

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In this paper the technical details of chaotic digital code-division multiple access ((CD)2MA) communication systems used in cable communication systems are presented. The cable communication system may be a pure coaxial RF cable network, a hybrid fiber-coax network, or a pure optical fibre network for high-capacity data link. As an example of its many potential applications in cable communication systems, (CD)2MA is used to support the upstream digital data communications in cable TV systems occupying the very noisy 5–40 MHz portion of spectrum. Although the (CD)2MA proposed in this paper is only used to support current Internet services via cable TV networks, it can also be used to support the high-speed data-link provided in the 550–750 MHz band in hybrid fiber-coax networks. (CD)2MA is a new communication framework which uses band-limited chaotic carriers insted of linear ones. For the purpose of generality, in this paper the band-limited chaotic carriers are approximated by groups of linear sub-carriers, which distribute within the same bandwidth with a fixed amplitude, random phases and uniformly distributed frequencies. The theoretical result of the performance of (CD)2MA is given. We also provide the simulation results of the bit-error-rate (BER) performances of a synchronous (CD)2MA used in cable communication systems. The results show that the (CD)2MA system has a better performance than the synchronous CDMA system proposed for the same cable communication system. Technical details of (CD)2MA are also presented for the future design of prototype systems. We present the framework of the whole (CD)2MA system including carrier syncronization, timing recovery and the details of nonlinear carrier generators.

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Beckman, Peter H. "Building the TeraGrid." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1833 (July 18, 2005): 1715–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1602.

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On 1 October 2004, the most ambitious high-performance Grid project in the United States—the TeraGrid—became fully operational. Resources at nine sites—the San Diego Supercomputer Center, the California Institute of Technology, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, the University of Chicago/Argonne National Laboratory, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Texas Advanced Computing Center, Purdue University, Indiana University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory—were joined via an ultra-fast optical network, unified policies and security procedures and a sophisticated distributed computing software environment. Funded by the National Science Foundation, the TeraGrid enables scientists and engineers to combine distributed, multiple data sources with computation at any of the sites or link massively parallel computer simulations to extreme-resolution visualizations at remote sites. A single shared utility lets multiple resources be easily leveraged and provides improved access to advanced computational capabilities. One of the demonstrations of this new model for using distributed resources, Teragyroid, linked the infrastructure of the TeraGrid with computing resources in the United Kingdom via a transatlantic data fibre link. Once connected, the software framework of the RealityGrid project was used to successfully explore lattice-Boltzmann simulations involving lattices of over one billion sites.

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