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Journal articles on the topic 'Optical fibre gas sensor'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Farahi, F., P. Akhavan Leilabady, J. D. C. Jones, and D. A. Jackson. "Optical-fibre flammable gas sensor." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 20, no. 4 (April 1987): 435–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/20/4/019.

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2

Austin, Ed, Adriaan van Brakel, Marco N. Petrovich, and David J. Richardson. "Fibre optical sensor for C2H2 gas using gas-filled photonic bandgap fibre reference cell." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 139, no. 1 (May 2009): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2008.07.028.

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3

Carvalho, J. P., H. Lehmann, H. Bartelt, F. Magalhães, R. Amezcua-Correa, J. L. Santos, J. Van Roosbroeck, F. M. Araújo, L. A. Ferreira, and J. C. Knight. "Remote System for Detection of Low-Levels of Methane Based on Photonic Crystal Fibres and Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy." Journal of Sensors 2009 (2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/398403.

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In this work we described an optical fibre sensing system for detecting low levels of methane. The properties of hollow-core photonic crystal fibres are explored to have a sensing head with favourable characteristics for gas sensing, particularly in what concerns intrinsic readout sensitivity and gas diffusion time in the sensing structure. The sensor interrogation was performed applying the Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy technique, and a portable measurement unit was developed with performance suitable for remote detection of low levels of methane. This portable system has the capacity to simultaneously interrogate four remote photonic crystal fibre sensing heads.

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4

Chambers, P., W. B. Lyons, E. Lewis, T. Sun, and K. T. V. Grattan. "The potential for development of an NH3 optical fibre gas sensor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 85 (October 1, 2007): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/85/1/012015.

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5

Maciak, Erwin. "Palladium thin films for plasmonic hydrogen gas sensing." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.914.

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In this study, I prepared BK7 glass slides coated by palladium (Pd) layer by PVD technique. These samples have been employed as plasmon active structures in classic Kretschmann-based SPR set-up. The application of H2 sensing structures based on palladium plasmonic active thin films have been tested and investigated. Hydrogen sensing properties of Pd films were investigated at room temperature The reflectances of p-polarized light from Pd thin films as a function of angle of incidence and wavelength were measured in synthetic air (or nitrogen) and in gas mixtures including hydrogen. Variations of the reflectance in the presence of hydrogen gas at room temperature revealed that the samples can sense hydrogen in a wide range of concentration (0–2% vol/vol) without saturation behavior. The dynamic properties with various concentration of H2 at low temperature and dry gas mixtures was investigated and the effects of these factors on the hydrogen sensing properties were analyzed. Full Text: PDF ReferencesG. Korotcenkov, Handbook of Gas Sensor Materials: Properties, Advantages, and Shortcomings for Applications (Springer, New York 2013). CrossRef W. Jakubik, M. Urbanczyk, E. Maciak, "SAW hydrogen gas sensor based on WO3 and Pd nanostructures", Procedia Chemistry 1 (1), 200 (2009). CrossRef W. Jakubik, M. Urbanczyk, E. Maciak, T. Pustelny, "Bilayer Structures of NiOx and Pd in Surface Acoustic Wave and Electrical Gas Sensor Systems", Acta Physica Polonica A 116(3), 315 (2009). CrossRef E. Maciak, Z. Opilski, "Pd/V2O5 fiber optic hydrogen gas sensor", J. Phys. France IV 129, 137 (2005). CrossRef E. Maciak,. "Fiber optic sensor for H2 gas detection in the presence of methane based on Pd/WO3 low-coherence interferometric structure", Proc. SPIE 10455, UNSP 104550W (2017). CrossRef X. Bevenot, A. Truillet, C. Veillas, H. Gagnaire, M. Clement, "Hydrogen leak detection using an optical fibre sensor for aerospace applications", Sens. Actuators B 67, 57 (2000). CrossRef J. Homola, S.S. Yee, G. Gauglitz, "Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review", Sensors and Actuators B 54, 3 (1999). CrossRef H. Raether, Surface plasmons on smooth and rough surfaces and on gratings (Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg 1988). CrossRef P. Tobiska, O. Hugon, A. Trouillet, H.Gagnarie, "An integrated optic hydrogen sensor based on SPR on palladium", Sensors and Actuators, B 74, 168 (2001). CrossRef Z. Opilski, E. Maciak, "Optical hydrogen sensor employing the phenomenon of the surface plasmons resonance in the palladium layer", Proc. SPIE 5576, 202 (2004). CrossRef T. Pustelny, E. Maciak, Z. Opilski, A. Piotrowska, E. Papis, K. Golaszewska, "Investigation of the ZnO sensing structure on NH3 action by means of the surface plasmon resonance method", European Physical Journal-Special Topics 154, 165 (2008). CrossRef E. Maciak, M. Procek, K. Kępska, A. Stolarczyk, "Study of optical and electrical properties of thin films of the conducting comb-like graft copolymer of polymethylsiloxane with poly(3-hexyltiophene) and poly(ethylene) glycol side chains for low temperature NO2 sensing", Thin Solid Films 618, 277 (2016). CrossRef

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6

Cheng, Tai Hong, Seong Hyun Lim, Chang Doo Kee, and Il Kwon Oh. "Development of Fiber-PZT Array Sensor System." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.263.

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In this study, array type fiber-PZT senor systems were newly developed with capabilities of detecting both damage location and monitoring of gas or liquid leakage by applying time-frequency analyses. The system consists of two piezoelectric transducers for the signal receiver and generator applications and three optical fibers for wave propagation. The results showed developed fiber-PZT array sensor can accurately measure the position of crack and its intensity. Also the fluid leakage of methyl alcohol as test specimen, on the plate structure has also been investigated employing the fiber-PZT sensors. The ultrasonic wave optical fiber sensor can be used effectively to monitor changes in structural and chemical properties.

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7

Deng, Xian Ling, Chuan De Zhou, Liang Li, and Kang Cheng. "Research on Gas Chamber of Reflective Optical Fiber Hydrogen Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 563 (May 2014): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.563.145.

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Gas chamber is one of the most important problems of the optical fiber hydrogen sensor, which directly affects the quality of the sensor sensitivity. For reflective optical fiber hydrogen sensor, the gas chamber was researched in this paper. First, the gas chamber structure and optical loss for reflective optical fiber hydrogen sensor was analyzed. Then design requirements to the gas chamber were discussed, including isolation the gas flow of reference part and measurement part, distance of the probe and the reflector, the tilt angle of the reflector. By using the gas chamber in the reflective optical fiber hydrogen sensor, it illustrates better effect.

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8

Allsop, Thomas, and Ronald Neal. "A Review: Application and Implementation of Optic Fibre Sensors for Gas Detection." Sensors 21, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 6755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21206755.

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At the present time, there are major concerns regarding global warming and the possible catastrophic influence of greenhouse gases on climate change has spurred the research community to investigate and develop new gas-sensing methods and devices for remote and continuous sensing. Furthermore, there are a myriad of workplaces, such as petrochemical and pharmacological industries, where reliable remote gas tests are needed so that operatives have a safe working environment. The authors have concentrated their efforts on optical fibre sensing of gases, as we became aware of their increasing range of applications. Optical fibre gas sensors are capable of remote sensing, working in various environments, and have the potential to outperform conventional metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors. Researchers are studying a number of configurations and mechanisms to detect specific gases and ways to enhance their performances. Evidence is growing that optical fibre gas sensors are superior in a number of ways, and are likely to replace MOS gas sensors in some application areas. All sensors use a transducer to produce chemical selectivity by means of an overlay coating material that yields a binding reaction. A number of different structural designs have been, and are, under investigation. Examples include tilted Bragg gratings and long period gratings embedded in optical fibres, as well as surface plasmon resonance and intra-cavity absorption. The authors believe that a review of optical fibre gas sensing is now timely and appropriate, as it will assist current researchers and encourage research into new photonic methods and techniques.

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9

Alimagham, Farah, Max Platkov, Joshua Prestage, Svetlana Basov, Gregory Izakson, Abraham Katzir, Stephen R. Elliott, and Tanya Hutter. "Mid-IR evanescent-field fiber sensor with enhanced sensitivity for volatile organic compounds." RSC Advances 9, no. 37 (2019): 21186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04104d.

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10

Cui, Lujun, Huichao Shang, Yan-long Cao, and Gao-feng Zhou. "Experimental research on a reflective optical fiber bundle hydrogen gas sensor." Sensor Review 37, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-09-2016-0193.

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Purpose Long life and high hydrogen sensitivity are the crucial performance parameters for an optical fiber hydrogen sensing membrane, and these are the fundamental areas of study for an optical fiber hydrogen sensor. Considering that a traditional optical fiber hydrogen sensor based on pure palladium cannot meet the expectations for long life and rapid sensitivity simultaneously, the experiment in this paper designed a kind of reflective optical fiber bundle hydrogen gas sensor based on a Pd0.75–Ag0.25 alloy to achieve a hydrogen sensing system. This paper aims to discuss the issues with this system. Design/methodology/approach A reflective optical fiber bundle hydrogen sensor was made up of an optical fiber bundle and a Pd0.75–Ag0.25 alloy hydrogen membrane. A combination of optical fiber light intensity measurements and the reference calculation method were used to extract the hydrogen concentration information from within the optical fiber, and the relationship between the hydrogen concentration changes and the reflective light intensity in the optical fiber was established. Findings The reflective optical fiber bundle hydrogen gas sensor based on a Pd–Ag alloy membrane was shown to provide an effective way to detect hydrogen concentrations. The experimental results showed that a 20-30-nm-thick Pd0.75–Ag0.25 alloy membrane could reach high hydrogen absorption and sensitivity. Key preparation parameters which included sputtering time and substrate temperature were used to prepare the hydrogen membrane during the DC sputtering process, and the reflectivity of the Pd–Ag alloy membrane was enough to meet the requirements of long life and high hydrogen sensitivity for the optical fiber hydrogen sensor. Originality/value This paper seeks to establish a foundation for optimizing and testing the performance of the Pd–Ag alloy hydrogen sensing membrane for an optical fiber bundle hydrogen sensor. To this end, the optimal thickness and key preparation parameters for the Pd–Ag alloy hydrogen sensing membrane were discussed. The results of this research have proved that the reflective optical fiber hydrogen sensor based on a Pd0.75–Ag0.25 alloy is an effective approach and precisely enough for hydrogen gas monitoring in practical engineering measurements.

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11

Alkhabet, Mohammed Majeed, Zaher Mundher Yaseen, Moutaz Mustafa A. Eldirderi, Khaled Mohamed Khedher, Ali H. Jawad, Saad Hayatu Girei, Husam Khalaf Salih, et al. "Palladium/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Hydrogen Gas Sensing Applications Based on Tapered Optical Fiber." Materials 15, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 8167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15228167.

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Gaseous pollutants such as hydrogen gas (H2) are emitted in daily human activities. They have been massively studied owing to their high explosivity and widespread usage in many domains. The current research is designed to analyse optical fiber-based H2 gas sensors by incorporating palladium/graphene oxide (Pd/GO) nanocomposite coating as sensing layers. The fabricated multimode silica fiber (MMF) sensors were used as a transducing platform. The tapering process is essential to improve the sensitivity to the environment through the interaction of the evanescent field over the area of the tapered surface area. Several characterization methods including FESEM, EDX, AFM, and XRD were adopted to examine the structure properties of the materials and achieve more understandable facts about their functional performance of the optical sensor. Characterisation results demonstrated structures with a higher surface for analyte gas reaction to the optical sensor performance. Results indicated an observed increment in the Pd/GO nanocomposite-based sensor responses subjected to the H2 concentrations increased from 0.125% to 2.00%. The achieved sensitivities were 33.22/vol% with a response time of 48 s and recovery time of 7 min. The developed optical fiber sensors achieved excellent selectivity and stability toward H2 gas upon exposure to other gases such as ammonia and methane.

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12

Zhao, Yong, Shu-Yuan Zhang, Gao-Feng Wen, and Zi-Xiong Han. "Graphene-based optical fiber ammonia gas sensor." Instrumentation Science & Technology 46, no. 1 (June 5, 2017): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2017.1326936.

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13

Dreyer, Uilian José, Aritz Ozcariz, Joaquín Ascorbe, Pablo Zubiate, Ignacio Vitoria, Cicero Martelli, Jean Carlos Cardozo da Silva, and Carlos Ruiz Zamarreño. "Gas Detection Using LMR-Based Optical Fiber Sensors." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (November 21, 2018): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130890.

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This work presents a first approach to the utilization of Lossy Mode Resonance (LMR) based optical fiber sensors for gas detection. The optical sensor is based on a SnO2 thin-film fabricated onto the core of cladding removed multimode fibers (MMF). The time response of the device to four different gases (NH3, NO, CO2 and O2) was monitored obtaining the best sensitivity for NO whereas the response to NH3 revealed the best repeatability.

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14

Pechstedt, R. D. "Fibre optical sensors for harsh gas turbine environments." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1065 (August 2018): 252019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1065/25/252019.

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15

Bordyug, Alexander Sergeevich. "Application of plate with optical sensors in ship information systems." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2021, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2021-4-91-97.

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The article considers application of fiber optic devices in many devices due to their small size and high accuracy. The new fiber optic devices are equipped with a Slab Coupled Fiber (SCF) system. The SCF method uses resonant coupling between an optical fiber and a plate waveguide to create an intra-fiber device. Devices manufactured with this technology consist of polarizers, filters and sensors. Fiber optic systems have been used in torque measurement systems in the oil and gas industry and in aerospace industry. Using this system on ships is more expensive in comparison with the technologies based on strain gauges. There is offered using inexpensive optical measuring system with plate optical sensors. SCF devices use D-shaped fiber as a platform. Plate optical sensor (SCOS) devices are based on the use of an electro-optical sensor. Today, a D-fiber coupled magnetic field sensor has been developed. The device combines a magneto-optical plate waveguide with a D-fiber to measure magnetic fields. The plate coupled magneto-optical sensor (MO-SCOS) measures magnetic fields up to 2 A/m. Due to its short length the sensor can display fields with a spatial resolution of 1 mm.

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16

Johny, Jincy, Solomon Amos, and Radhakrishna Prabhu. "Optical Fibre-Based Sensors for Oil and Gas Applications." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 6047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186047.

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Oil and gas (O&G) explorations moving into deeper zones for enhanced oil and gas recovery are causing serious safety concerns across the world. The sensing of critical multiple parameters like high pressure, high temperature (HPHT), chemicals, etc., are required at longer distances in real-time. Traditional electrical sensors operate less effectively under these extreme environmental conditions and are susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Hence, there is a growing demand for improved sensors with enhanced measurement capabilities and also sensors that generates reliable data for enhanced oil and gas production. In addition to enhanced oil and gas recovery, the sensing technology should also be capable of monitoring the well bore integrity and safety. The sensing requirements of the O&G industry for improved sensing in deeper zones include increased transmission length, improved spatial coverage and integration of multiple sensors with multimodal sensing capability. This imposes problems like signal attenuation, crosstalks and cross sensitivities. Optical fibre-based sensors are expected to provide superior sensing capabilities compared to electrical sensors. This review paper covers a detailed review of different fibre-optic sensing technologies to identify a feasible sensing solution for the O&G industry.

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17

Kleiza, V., and J. Verkelis. "Some Advanced Fiber-Optical Amplitude Modulated Reflection Displacement and Refractive Index Sensors." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 12, no. 2 (April 25, 2007): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.2007.12.2.14712.

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Some advanced fiber-optic amplitude modulated reflection displacement sensors and refractive index sensors have been developed. An improved three-fiber displacement sensor has been investigated as a refractive index sensor by computer simulations in a large interval of displacement. Some new regularities have been revealed. A reflection fiber-optic displacement sensor of novel configuration, consisting of double optical-pair fibers with a definite angle between the measuring tips of fibers in the pairs has been proposed, designed, and experimentally investigated to indicate and measure the displacement and refractive index of gas and liquid water solutions. The proposed displacement sensor and refractive index sensor configuration improves the measuring sensitivity in comparison with the known measuring methods. The refractive index sensor sensitivity Snsub = 4 × 10−7 RIU/mV was achieved. The displacement sensor sensitivity is Ssub = 1702 mV/µm in air (n = 1.00027).

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Floridia, Claudio, Joao Batista Rosolem, João Paulo Vicentini Fracarolli, Fábio Renato Bassan, Rivael Strobel Penze, Larissa Maria Pereira, and Maria Angélica Carmona da Motta Resende. "Evaluation of Environmental Influences on a Multi-Point Optical Fiber Methane Leak Monitoring System." Remote Sensing 11, no. 10 (May 27, 2019): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11101249.

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A novel system to monitor methane fugitive emissions was developed using passive optical sensors to attend to the natural gas production and transportation industry. The system is based on optical time domain reflectometry and direct optical absorption spectroscopy. The system was tested in a gas compressor station for four months. The system was capable to measure methane concentration at two points showing its correlation with meteorological data, specially wind velocity and local temperature. Methane concentrations varied from 2.5% to 15% in the first monitored point by sensor 1, and from 5% to 30%, in the second point with sensor 2. Both sensors exhibited a moderate negative correlation with wind velocity with a mean Pearson coefficient of −0.61, despite the external cap designed to avoid the influence of wind. Sensor 2 had a modification to its external package that reduced this mean correlation coefficient to −0.30, considered to be weak to negligible. Regarding temperature, a moderate mean correlation of −0.59 was verified for sensor 1 and zero mean correlation was found for sensor 2. Based on these results the system was proven to be robust for installation in gas transportation or processing facilities.

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Xia, Hua, Doug Byrd, Sachin Dekate, and Boon Lee. "High-Density Fiber Optical Sensor and Instrumentation for Gas Turbine Operation Condition Monitoring." Journal of Sensors 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/206738.

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Gas turbine operation control is normally based on thermocouple-measured exhaust temperatures. Due to radiation shielding and bulky package, it is difficult to provide high spatial resolution for measuring can-to-can combustion temperature profile at the exhaust duct. This paper has demonstrated that wavelength-division-multiplexing-based fiber Bragg grating sensors could provide high spatial resolution steady and dynamic temperature measurements. A robust sensor package can be designed with either circumferential sensing cable or radial sensing rake for quasi-distributing multiple fiber sensors in the gas turbine environment. The field validations have demonstrated that quasi-distributed fiber sensors have not only demonstrated its temperature measurement accuracy compared to existing thermocouple sensors but also shown its unique dynamic response amplitude and power spectra that could be utilized for gas turbine transient operation condition monitoring and diagnostics.

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20

Yoo, Jung Cheol, Chang Doo Kee, and Il Kwon Oh. "Development of Ultrasonic Optical Fiber Hydrogen Sensor." Advances in Science and Technology 65 (October 2010): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.65.163.

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In this study, an ultrasonic optical fiber hydrogen sensor was newly developed for monitoring and detecting hydrogen leakages. Previously, we developed a pulse-echo sensor system for health monitoring system. Ultrasonic wave, generated from a piezoelectric actuator, is guided and propagated through the optical fiber and subsequently sensed by a piezoelectric sensor in the pulse-echo sensor system. For the detection of hydrogen, the optical fiber was coated with palladium particles, which expanded on exposure to hydrogen. Palladium was used, because it adsorbs hydrogen gas and swell slightly to form palladium hydride with exposure to hydrogen. The change in palladium dimensions affects the wave propagation impedance of optical fiber for detecting the hydrogen gas, and this method has been applied to the pulse-echo sensor systems. Our results showed that the ultrasonic-optical fiber hydrogen sensor can be successfully employed for hydrogen detecting system.

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21

Campanella, Carlo Edoardo, Martino De Carlo, Antonello Cuccovillo, Francesco De Leonardis, and Vittorio M. N. Passaro. "Methane Gas Photonic Sensor Based on Resonant Coupled Cavities." Sensors 19, no. 23 (November 26, 2019): 5171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235171.

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In this paper we report methane gas photonic sensors exploiting the principle of absorption-induced redirection of light propagation in coupled resonant cavities. In particular, an example of implemented architecture consists of a Fabry–Pérot (FP) resonator coupled to a fibre ring resonator, operating in the near IR. By changing the concentration of the methane gas in the FP region, the absorption coefficient of the FP changes. In turn, the variation of the methane gas concentration allows the redirection of the light propagation in the fibre ring resonator. Then, the methane gas concentration can be evaluated by analysing the ratio between the powers of two resonant modes, counter-propagating in the fibre ring resonator. In this way, a self-referenced read-out scheme, immune to the power fluctuations of the source, has been conceived. Moreover, a sensitivity of 0.37 ± 0.04 [dB/%], defined as the ratio between resonant modes at different outputs, in a range of methane concentration included between the 0% and 5%, has been achieved. These results allow a detection limit below the lower explosive limit (LEL) to be reached with a cost-effective sensor system.

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Peng, Jin, Wenlin Feng, Xiaozhan Yang, Guojia Huang, and Shaodian Liu. "Dual Fabry–Pérot Interferometric Carbon Monoxide Sensor Based on the PANI/Co3O4 Sensitive Membrane-Coated Fibre Tip." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 74, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2018-0453.

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AbstractA novel dual Fabry–Pérot (F-P) interferometric carbon monoxide gas sensor based on polyaniline/Co3O4 (PANI/Co3O4) sensing film coated on the optical fibre end face is proposed and fabricated. Its structure is composed of standard single-mode-fibre (SMF), endlessly photonic crystal fibre (EPCF), and PANI/Co3O4 sensing membrane (PCSM). Therefore, they form three F-P reflectors, the reflector between SMF and EPCF, that between EPCF and PCSM, and interface between PCSM and air. So, the dual F-P interferometer is achieved. The results show that in the range of 0–70 ppm, the interference spectra appear red shift with the increasing carbon monoxide concentration. In addition, the high sensitivity of 21.61 pm/ppm, the excellent linear relationship (R2 = 0.98476), and high selectivity for carbon monoxide are achieved. The response and recovery time are 35 and 84 s, respectively. The sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong selectivity, low cost, and simple structure and is suitable for sensitive detection of trace carbon monoxide gas.

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23

Pawłat, Joanna, Xue Feng Li, Takahiro Matsuo, Tadashi Sugiyama, and Toshitsugu Ueda. "PBG Fiber Low Concentration Gas Sensor." Solid State Phenomena 144 (September 2008): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.144.163.

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The photonic bandgap fiber for a high-sensitivity, compact set-up, which enables the precise measurement of low concentration of gas was designed. Fiber was used instead the traditional glass gas cell during the spectroscopic measurements. Ar ion beam was proposed among the other methods to process the inlet and outlet surface of fiber and adjust it to the required parameters. The gas flow inside PBF fiber and its optical properties were investigated.

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WU Zi-nan, 吴梓楠, 唐冬林 TANG Dong-lin, 王岩岩 WANG Yan-yan, and 代志勇 DAI Zhi-yong. "Optical Fiber Gas Sensor Based on Organic Polymer." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 47, no. 3 (2018): 306003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20184703.0306003.

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25

Hromadka, Jiri, Begum Tokay, Stephen James, Ralph P. Tatam, and Sergiy Korposh. "Optical fibre long period grating gas sensor modified with metal organic framework thin films." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 221 (December 2015): 891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.07.027.

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26

Abdelghani, A., J. M. Chovelon, N. Jaffrezic-Renault, M. Lacroix, H. Gagnaire, C. Veillas, B. Berkova, M. Chomat, and V. Matejec. "Optical fibre sensor coated with porous silica layers for gas and chemical vapour detection." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 44, no. 1-3 (October 1997): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(97)00172-x.

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27

Luo, Ying Ting, Hong Bin Wang, Wen Jun Zhu, Zhen Wu, Hong Tu Song, and Xiong Li. "Fiber Bragg Grating Hydrogen Sensor Applied for Partial Discharge Detection in Transformer Oil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 738-739 (March 2015): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.11.

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Most optical hydrogen sensors are based on light intensity measurement and light intensity detection is vulnerable to the light source output and the optical fiber arrangement. To overcome the shortcomings, an optical fiber based sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technique which is capable to measure the concentration of hydrogen dissolved is described in this paper. To examine the availability of monitoring initial hydrogen generation, a needle-to-plate partial discharge (PD) model was setup in the lab. The results between wavelength shifts of optical hydrogen sensor well agreed with conventional dissolved gas analysis (DGA), proving a potential utilization in the detection of dissolved hydrogen in power transformer.

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28

Tang, Daqing, Dexing Yang, Yajun Jiang, Jianlin Zhao, Haiyan Wang, and Shiquan Jiang. "Fiber loop ring-down optical fiber grating gas pressure sensor." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 48, no. 12 (December 2010): 1262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2010.06.005.

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29

Huang, Jianwei, Ting Liu, Yeyu Zhang, Chengsen Zhan, Xiaona Xie, Qing Yu, and Dingrong Yi. "Smartphone-Based Optical Fiber Fluorescence Temperature Sensor." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 9605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249605.

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Optical fiber sensors are one preferred solution for temperature sensing, especially for their capability of real-time monitoring and remote detection. However, many of them still suffer from a huge sensing system and complicated signal demodulate process. In order to solve these problems, we propose a smartphone-based optical fiber fluorescence temperature sensor. All the components, including the laser, filter, fiber coupler, batteries, and smartphone, are integrated into a 3D-printed shell, on the side of which there is a fiber flange used for the sensing probe connection. The fluorescence signal of the rhodamine B solution encapsulated in the sensing probe can be captured by the smartphone camera and extracted into the R value and G value by a self-developed smartphone application. The temperature can be quantitatively measured by the calibrated G/R-temperature relation, which can be unified using the same linear relationship in all solid–liquid–gas environments. The performance verifications prove that the sensor can measure temperature in high accuracy, good stability and repeatability, and has a long conservation time for at least 3 months. The proposed sensor not only can measure the temperature for remote and real-time detection needs, but it is also handheld with a small size of 167 mm × 85 mm × 75 mm supporting on-site applications. It is a potential tool in the temperature sensing field.

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Vahdati, Nader, Xueting Wang, Oleg Shiryayev, Paul Rostron, and Fook Fah Yap. "External Corrosion Detection of Oil Pipelines Using Fiber Optics." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 26, 2020): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030684.

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Oil flowlines, the first “pipeline” system connected to the wellhead, are pipelines that are 5 to 30.5 cm (two to twelve inches) in diameter, most susceptible to corrosion, and very difficult to inspect. Herein, an external corrosion detection sensor for oil and gas pipelines, consisting of a semicircular plastic strip, a flat dog-bone-shaped sacrificial metal plate made out of the same pipeline material, and an optical fiber with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors, is described. In the actual application, multiple FBG optical fibers are attached to an oil and gas pipeline using straps or strips or very large hose clamps, and, every few meters, our proposed corrosion detection sensor will be glued to the FBG sensors. When the plastic parts are attached to the sacrificial metals, the plastic parts will be deformed and stressed; thus, placing the FBG sensors in tension. When corrosion is severe at any given pipeline location, the sacrificial metal at that location will corrode till failure and the tension strain is relieved at that FBG Sensor location, and therefore, a signal is detected at the interrogator. Herein, the external corrosion detection sensor and its design equations are described, and experimental results, verifying our theory, are presented.

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Gu, Bao Hu, and Ze Fa Fang. "Research on the Optical Fiber Gas Sensing System Based on the Gas Concentration Measurement." Advanced Materials Research 529 (June 2012): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.529.487.

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At present , the catalytic combustion type gas sensors is still used in our country which is the extensive use of underground coal mine gas detection instrument , this kind of sensor slow response, calibration cycle is short, and the apparatus for the selectivity of methane is poor. Thus it can be seen that develop a safe and reliable, selective, high sensitivity of gas concentration measurement system that for mine safety operation, the personal safety and environment protection has a very important social significance and economic significance. Optical fiber sensing monitoring system according to the gas absorption spectrum principle with double light path structure on the mine gas online monitoring the concentration of the gas, has avoid the explosion, dust and so on many special advantages.

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David, Michael, Mohd Haniff Ibrahim, Sevia Mahdaliza Idrus, and Tay Ching En Marcus. "Fundamental Review to Ozone Gas Sensing Using Optical Fibre Sensors." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v13i4.2047.

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Wei, Xiangyu, Xiaokang Song, Chang Li, Liangtao Hou, Zhaojun Li, Yan Li, and Lingling Ran. "Optical Fiber Gas Pressure Sensor Based on Polydimethylsiloxane Microcavity." Journal of Lightwave Technology 39, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 2988–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2021.3054883.

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Shim, Joon-Hwan, Seok-Je Cho, Yung-Ho Yu, and Kyung-Rak Sohn. "Gas-Flow Sensor using Optical Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG)." Journal of Navigation and Port Research 32, no. 9 (December 31, 2008): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5394/kinpr.2008.32.9.717.

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35

Lee, Yun-Su, Kap-Duk Song, Byung-Su Joo, Sang-Mun Lee,, Nak-Jin Choi, Duk-Dong Lee, and Jeung-Soo Huh. "Fabrication of Optical Fiber Gas Sensor with Polyaniline Clad." Journal of Sensor Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (March 31, 2004): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5369/jsst.2004.13.2.096.

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36

Arregui, F. J., R. O. Claus, K. L. Cooper, C. Fernandez-Valdivielso, and I. R. Matias. "Optical fiber gas sensor based on self-assembled gratings." Journal of Lightwave Technology 19, no. 12 (2001): 1932–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.971687.

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Yarai, Atsushi, and Takuji Nakanishi. "Optical fiber gas sensor based on thermal lens spectroscopy." Review of Scientific Instruments 75, no. 10 (September 20, 2004): 3237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1791338.

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Liu, Jing, Yuze Sun, and Xudong Fan. "Highly versatile fiber-based optical Fabry-Pérot gas sensor." Optics Express 17, no. 4 (February 10, 2009): 2731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.17.002731.

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39

Aubrecht, J., and L. Kalvoda. "Development of Ammonia Gas Sensor Using Optimized Organometallic Reagent." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8425758.

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Reliable, continuous, and spatially distributed monitoring of dangerous or irritating chemical substances belongs to standard functions of contemporary industrial and public security systems. Fiber-optic-based detection provides feasible platform to fulfill such aims. This paper deals with characterization of ammonia sensing elements based on multimode polysiloxane-clad silica-core optical fibers sensitized with 5-(4′-dioctylamino phenylimino) quinoline-8-1 cobalt bromide complex reagent immobilized into the cross-linked polymer matrix from a proper mixture of organic solvents and a radical scavenger contributing to the desired long-term stability of optical properties. The applied sensing mechanism combines optical detection principle with chemical reaction of the reagent and ammonia resulting in changes in the visible near-infrared optical absorption spectrum of the cladding layer, influencing via evanescent optical field interactions the spectral distribution of the guided light intensity. Reaction kinetics of short fiber sections exposed to ammonia/nitrogen mixture of various ammonia concentrations is tested and evaluated. The obtained sensitivity, limit of detection, and forward response time of the prepared sensors amount to1.52⁎10-5 ppm−1, 31 ppm, and 25 s, respectively. The obtained results are promising for fabrication of distributed fiber-optic sensors applicable to detection and location of ammonia gas leaks in industrial as well as general public premises.

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Shi, Lin, Torsten Endres, Jay B. Jeffries, Thomas Dreier, and Christof Schulz. "A Compact Fiber-Coupled NIR/MIR Laser Absorption Instrument for the Simultaneous Measurement of Gas-Phase Temperature and CO, CO2, and H2O Concentration." Sensors 22, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031286.

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A fiber-coupled, compact, remotely operated laser absorption instrument is developed for CO, CO2, and H2O measurements in reactive flows at the elevated temperatures and pressures expected in gas turbine combustor test rigs with target pressures from 1–25 bar and temperatures of up to 2000 K. The optical engineering for solutions of the significant challenges from the ambient acoustic noise (~120 dB) and ambient test rig temperatures (60 °C) are discussed in detail. The sensor delivers wavelength-multiplexed light in a single optical fiber from a set of solid-state lasers ranging from diodes in the near-infrared (~1300 nm) to quantum cascade lasers in the mid-infrared (~4900 nm). Wavelength-multiplexing systems using a single optical fiber have not previously spanned such a wide range of laser wavelengths. Gas temperature is inferred from the ratio of two water vapor transitions. Here, the design of the sensor, the optical engineering required for simultaneous fiber delivery of a wide range of laser wavelengths on a single optical line-of-sight, the engineering required for sensor survival in the harsh ambient environment, and laboratory testing of sensor performance in the exhaust gas of a flat flame burner are presented.

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Cheng, Xin, Yi Liu, and Changyuan Yu. "Gas Pressure Sensor Based on BDK-Doped Polymer Optical Fiber." Micromachines 10, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10110717.

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This paper presents a high sensitivity gas pressure sensor with benzyl-dimethylketal (BDK)-doped polymer optical fiber Bragg grating (POFBG), whose sensitivity is up to 8.12 pm/kPa and 12.12 pm/kPa in positive and negative pressure atmosphere, respectively. The high sensitivity can be explained by its porous chemical structure. The stability and response behavior under air pressure atmosphere has also been investigated. The new understanding of the air pressure response principle and sensitivity difference for the presented sensor can be a worthy reference.

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Ahmed, Soad, Yeawon Park, Hirofumi Okuda, Shoichiro Ono, Sergiy Korposh, and Seung-Woo Lee. "Fabrication of Humidity-Resistant Optical Fiber Sensor for Ammonia Sensing Using Diazo Resin-Photocrosslinked Films with a Porphyrin-Polystyrene Binary Mixture." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 6176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186176.

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Ammonia gas sensors were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of diazo resin (DAR) and a binary mixture of tetrakis(4-sulfophenyl)porphine (TSPP) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) onto the core of a multimode U-bent optical fiber. The penetration of light transferred into the evanescent field was enhanced by stripping the polymer cladding and coating the fiber core. The electrostatic interaction between the diazonium ion in DAR and the sulfonate residues in TSPP and PSS was converted into covalent bonds using UV irradiation. The photoreaction between the layers was confirmed by UV-vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The sensitivity of the optical fiber sensors to ammonia was linear when exposed to ammonia gases generated from aqueous ammonia solutions at a concentration of approximately 17 parts per million (ppm). This linearity extended up to 50 ppm when the exposure time (30 s) was shortened. The response and recovery times were reduced to 30 s with a 5-cycle DAR/TSPP+PSS (as a mixture of 1 mM TSPP and 0.025 wt% PSS in water) film sensor. The limit of detection (LOD) of the optimized sensor was estimated to be 0.31 ppm for ammonia in solution, corresponding to approximately 0.03 ppm of ammonia gas. It is hypothesized that the presence of the hydrophobic moiety of PSS in the matrix suppressed the effects of humidity on the sensor response. The sensor response was stable and reproducible over seven days. The PSS-containing U-bent fiber sensor also showed superior sensitivity to ammonia when examined alongside amine and non-amine analytes.

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Wright, Ruishu F., Ping Lu, Jagannath Devkota, Fei Lu, Margaret Ziomek-Moroz, and Paul R. Ohodnicki. "Corrosion Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring of Oil and Natural Gas Infrastructure: A Review." Sensors 19, no. 18 (September 13, 2019): 3964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183964.

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Corrosion has been a great concern in the oil and natural gas industry costing billions of dollars annually in the U.S. The ability to monitor corrosion online before structural integrity is compromised can have a significant impact on preventing catastrophic events resulting from corrosion. This article critically reviews conventional corrosion sensors and emerging sensor technologies in terms of sensing principles, sensor designs, advantages, and limitations. Conventional corrosion sensors encompass corrosion coupons, electrical resistance probes, electrochemical sensors, ultrasonic testing sensors, magnetic flux leakage sensors, electromagnetic sensors, and in-line inspection tools. Emerging sensor technologies highlight optical fiber sensors (point, quasi-distributed, distributed) and passive wireless sensors such as passive radio-frequency identification sensors and surface acoustic wave sensors. Emerging sensors show great potential in continuous real-time in-situ monitoring of oil and natural gas infrastructure. Distributed chemical sensing is emphasized based on recent studies as a promising method to detect early corrosion onset and monitor corrosive environments for corrosion mitigation management. Additionally, challenges are discussed including durability and stability in extreme and harsh conditions such as high temperature high pressure in subsurface wellbores.

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Tang, Yi Ke, Jie Zhang, Chuan De Zhou, and Bin Liao. "Detection Method Optimization of Optical Fiber Evanescent-Wave Hydrogen Gas Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 197 (September 2012): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.235.

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As the optical power variation is relatively small before and after the Pt/WO3film was exposed to hydrogen gas, traditional detective method to measure directly the variation of optical power in the fiber core is susceptible to interference. Therefore a new detection method, which is able to improve the relative variation for nearly 9 times by detecting the variation of optical power in the evanescent field, was proposed through mathematical analysis and simulations. The fundamental structure and working principle of step-index single mode optical fiber sensor were introduced.

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Butt, Muhammad A., Grigory S. Voronkov, Elizaveta P. Grakhova, Ruslan V. Kutluyarov, Nikolay L. Kazanskiy, and Svetlana N. Khonina. "Environmental Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review on Optical Waveguide and Fiber-Based Sensors." Biosensors 12, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12111038.

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Globally, there is active development of photonic sensors incorporating multidisciplinary research. The ultimate objective is to develop small, low-cost, sensitive, selective, quick, durable, remote-controllable sensors that are resistant to electromagnetic interference. Different photonic sensor designs and advances in photonic frameworks have shown the possibility to realize these capabilities. In this review paper, the latest developments in the field of optical waveguide and fiber-based sensors which can serve for environmental monitoring are discussed. Several important topics such as toxic gas, water quality, indoor environment, and natural disaster monitoring are reviewed.

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Manjula, M., B. Karthikeyan, and D. Sastikumar. "Sensing characteristics of clad-modified (Ho-doped Bi2O3 nanoparticles) fibre optic gas sensor." Optical Fiber Technology 45 (November 2018): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2018.05.009.

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Cheng, De Zhu, Ai Ling Du, Shan Chao Jiang, and Ai Qin Du. "Gas Desorption of Different Particle Size Coal under the Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1205.

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Many factors can influence coal gas desorption. In this paper, the impact of coal particle size on coal gas desorption under the effect of microwave radiation was mainly studied. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and optical fiber sensor were used to on-line detect and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the desorbed gas. The analysis results of the infrared spectrogram showed that under the effect of electromagnetic radiation (2450Hz, 1.5μT), different particle sizes of coal sample could desorb gas which contained carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane. The comparison of gas content detected by optical fiber sensor indicated that coal particle sizes had a significant influence on coal gas desorption. When coal particle was between 100 and 200 meshes, the gas content reached up to 27.58 m3/t.

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Yeom, Se-Hyuk, Yuan Heng, Jun-Woo Lim, Hak-Rin Kim, and Shin-Won Kang. "Volatile organic compounds gas sensor using side polished optical fiber." Journal of Sensor Science and Technology 19, no. 6 (November 30, 2010): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5369/jsst.2010.19.6.428.

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Zhang, Congzhe, Yuanhong Yang, Yanzhen Tan, Hoi Lut Ho, and Wei Jin. "All-Optical Fiber Photoacoustic Gas Sensor With Double Resonant Enhancement." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 30, no. 20 (October 15, 2018): 1752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2018.2868450.

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Chen, Yu, Yael Zilberman, Shideh Kabiri Ameri, Woon Jong Yoon, John-John Cabibihan, and Sameer R. Sonkusale. "A Flexible Gastric Gas Sensor Based on Functionalized Optical Fiber." IEEE Sensors Journal 16, no. 13 (July 2016): 5243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2016.2544701.

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