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Journal articles on the topic 'Optical fiber network'
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1
Bilal, Mehak. "EDFA and Optical Fiber Repositioning in an Optical Fiber Communication Network." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1100–1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38874.
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Abstract: This study shows an easy and effective design of an optical fiber communication system, which demonstrates EDFA's ideal position in the whole system. In recent years, erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) have been more attentive with the development of high-speed and long-distance data transmission systems. In our research, EDFA's forward pump capacity is maintained at 100mW, and our three configurations modify and analyze the location of EDFA. First configuration is meant to place EDFA before optical fiber in the entire system. The second arrangement has been intended such that EDFA will precede optical fiber. EDFA is inserted in the third configuration between the optical fiber length. For the three setups, the BER, Q factor and output power level were observed, with the setup one having minimal BER, setup two with the greatest power, and setup three with the maximum Q factor. This paper discusses the causes behind these results and designers may construct an optical fiber communication system in the most efficient and reliable fashion by taking those results into consideration. The simulation was performed in Opti-System software. Keywords: EDFA, BER, Q factor, Analyzer, Optical fibre
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Klinkowski, Mirosław, and Marek Jaworski. "Planning of Optical Connections in 5G Packet-Optical xHaul Access Network." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 22, 2022): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031146.
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One of the main challenges in dense 5G radio access networks (RANs) is provisioning of low-cost connectivity between a large number of antennas, located at remote sites, and a central site (hub) in which baseband processing functions are performed. Packet-switched Ethernet and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) are two principal transport network technologies enabling the reduction of the demand for direct optical fiber connections between the antennas and the hub. Whereas Ethernet allows for statistical multiplexing of multiple xHaul (fronthaul/midhaul/backhaul) flows and their aggregation in a high-capacity transmission link, WDM makes it possible to establish a number of such links (using different wavelengths) in a single optical fiber. Additional savings in the amount of fibers required can be achieved by means of optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs) that allow for obtaining access to unused wavelengths by intermediate remote nodes, whenever the capacity on the WDM system is not fully utilized by the end remote node. In this work, we focus on the problem of planning optimal fiber connections, including the placement of OADMs for a set of wavelength demands at remote sites, with the aim of minimizing the amount of fibers used in a packet-optical xHaul access network carrying 5G traffic. We consider a passive WDM system in which the maximum transmission distance, estimated using an optical power-budget model, depends on the number of OADMs that are present on the transmission path. To formulate and solve the optimization problem, we make use of integer linear programming (ILP). We apply the ILP model in network analysis. In particular, by means of numerical experiments performed for two different network topologies, we study the impact of traffic load (in terms of the number of requested wavelengths) and optical multiplexer loss on the number of transmission paths that have to be established in the network. Obtained results show that the savings in fiber connections of up to 65% can be achieved in a packet-optical xHaul network if OADMs are used when compared to the scenario without OADMs.
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Abbas, Huda Saleh, and Mark A. Gregory. "Passive Optical Network Survivability: Protection, Detection and Restoration." International Journal of Information, Communication Technology and Applications 1, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17972/ajicta20151115.
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Passive optical network (PON) technologies have received increasing attention as demand for fibre access networks has grown. Enhancing fibre access network reliability provides lower operational costs, and improves customer satisfaction. This paper discusses PON survivability including protection schemes for the fiber link and the Optical Line Terminal (OLT), the exciting monitoring techniques of the fiber link, and the effect of reducing the restoration time on the network availability. The main contribution of this study is to provide two protection schemes namely OLT-only-protected and OLT-and-ring protected. The proposed schemes are designed to handle instances of single failure affecting all customers in the network. This work considers three key performance metrics- Failure Impact Robustness (FIR), cost, and availability. The objective of the proposed protection architectures is to guarantee high quality of service at low costs by protecting critical network elements such as OLT and fiber ring. The proposed architectures have been compared with other well-known protection schemes. The results postulate that OLT-and-ring protected approach has 99.993% availability with a 0.09% increase in cost compared to the ring-only protection architecture.
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Li, Chung-Yi, Ching-Hung Chang, and Zih-Guei Lin. "Single-Line Bidirectional Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer for Ring Topology Optical Fiber Networks." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 2641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082641.
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A new type of passive single-line bidirectional optical add/drop multiplexer (SBOADM) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. When the proposed SBOADM is placed as a node of a ring topology optical fiber network, the special routing function of the SBOADM can always drop down the desired downstream signals whether the signals are injected into the SBOADM in either the clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW) direction and can upload and send back the upstream signals via the reversed optical pathway of the downstream signals. Once fiber link failure occurs in the optical network, the blocked network connections can be recovered immediately by sending out the downstream signals in both the CW and CCW directions of the fiber ring. As in all passive devices, the SBOADM needs no power supply or complicated network management to achieve the bidirectional function. Thus, the proposed device is an optimal solution to enhance the stability and reliability of rapidly developed optical fiber networks.
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Kaczmarek, Sylwester. "Multistage optical switching networks." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 2 (June 30, 2002): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2002.2.127.
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The backbone networks evolution to high-speed DWDM networks generates new problems for switching. This function element must be also based on optical technology. For large capacity this cannot be realized by a single matrix, but by multistage switching networks. In the paper three types of optical matrices have been described: fiber switch FX, wavelength fiber switch WSX and wavelength interchanging fiber switch WIX. Based on these matrices, four switching network constructions were considered. The connection properties of these switching networks were evaluated, determining the electronic equivalent switching network for which these properties are well known.
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Li, Jingyao. "The application of optical fiber in network communication." Applied and Computational Engineering 35, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/35/20230384.
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In recent years, optical fiber communication has gained widespread use in daily life due to its robust communication and transmission capabilities, strong confidentiality, anti-interference properties, and the availability of convenient and accessible materials. This technology has made remarkable strides in network communication and integrated device design, among other areas. This article will commence by discussing the fundamental structure of optical fibers and illustrating the propagation of optical signals within them. It will then analyze the benefits, such as higher transmission rates, wider frequency bands, and the low loss characteristics of optical fibers. Subsequently, the article will enumerate two of the most commonly utilized Optical Fiber Communication (OFC) technologies: Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology and optical amplifier technology. It will summarize their principles and strengths. Finally, the article will showcase the practical applications of optical fiber communication, particularly focusing on its role in 5G mobile communication, military operations, and radio and television communication.
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Ibrahimov, Bayram. "Research and analysis of the efficiency fiber-optic communication lines using DWDM technologies." International Robotics & Automation Journal 9, no. 1 (March 28, 2023): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/iratj.2023.09.00260.
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The performance indicators fiber-optic communication lines using spectral technology with separation communication channels are analyzed. The effectiveness of the use network resources optical telecommunication systems using spectral technologies based on the architectural concept of the next NGN (NGN, Next Generation Network) and future FN (FN, Future Network) networks has been studied. This work is devoted to the construction methods for calculating the indicators optical networks and the study methods and tools for improving the efficiency using network and channel resources fiber-optic communication lines using dense spectral multiplexing optical signals with separation communication channels. The problem ensuring effective management channel and network resources in optical communication networks are considered. As a result of the study technology spectral multiplexing, a new approach to the construction of a calculation method is proposed that describes the efficiency managing network and channel resources in fiber-optic communication lines, taking into account the numerous requirements their parameters and transfer characteristics. On the basis of the calculation method, analytical expressions are obtained that allow estimating the resources of the system, indicators informational and spectral efficiency of the functioning fiber-optic communication lines. The results of the research can be applied by cellular operators when designing an optical telecommunications network, in particular, to determine the optimal value of the capacity optical systems based on wavelength multiplexing technology and modulation spectral efficiencies.
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Pereira, Oeber Izidoro, Edgar Manuel Carreño-Franco, Jesús M. López-Lezama, and Nicolás Muñoz-Galeano. "Specialized Genetic Operators for the Planning of Passive Optical Networks." Computers 13, no. 10 (October 10, 2024): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers13100259.
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Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are telecommunication technologies that use fiber-optic cables to deliver high-speed internet and other communication services to end users. PONs split optical signals from a single fiber into multiple fibers, serving multiple homes or businesses without requiring active electronic components. PONs planning involves designing and optimizing the infrastructure for delivering fiber-optic communications to end users. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of tailored operators within a genetic algorithm (GA) optimization approach for PONs planning. A three vector and an aggregator vector are devised to account, respectively, for physical and logical connections of the network, facilitating the execution of GA operators. This codification and these operators are versatile and can be applied to any population-based algorithm, not limited to GAs alone. Furthermore, the proposed operators are specifically designed to exploit the unique characteristics of PONs, thereby minimizing the occurrence of unfeasible solutions and accelerating convergence towards an optimal network design. By incorporating these specialized operators, this research aims to enhance the efficiency of PONs planning, ultimately leading to reduced costs and improved network performance.
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Freitas, Alexandre, and João Pires. "Using Artificial Neural Networks to Evaluate the Capacity and Cost of Multi-Fiber Optical Backbone Networks." Photonics 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2024): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11121110.
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A possible solution to address the enormous increase in traffic demands faced by network operators is to rely on multi-fiber optical backbone networks. These networks use multiple optical fibers between adjacent nodes, and, when properly designed, they are capable of handling petabits of data per second (Pbit/s). In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) model is investigated to estimate both the capacity and cost of a multi-fiber optical network. Furthermore, a fiber assignment algorithm is also proposed to complement the network design, enabling the generation of datasets for training and testing of the developed ANN model. The model consists of three layers, including one hidden layer with 50 hidden units. The results show that for a large network, such as one with 100 nodes, the model can estimate performance metrics with an average relative error of less than 0.4% for capacity and 4% for cost, while achieving a computation time nearly 800 times faster than the heuristic approach used in network simulation. Additionally, the network capacity is around 5 Pbit/s.
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WEN, HAO, ZHENG-FU HAN, GUANG-CAN GUO, and PEI-LIN HONG. "QKD NETWORKS WITH PASSIVE OPTICAL ELEMENTS: ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT." International Journal of Quantum Information 07, no. 06 (September 2009): 1217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749909005730.
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Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) networks are the trends toward multiple users' unconditional secure communication. Based on several passive optical devices, such as beam splitter, optical switch or wavelength divided multiplexer, various types of fiber-based QKD networks have been proposed. However, it is still hard to accurately assess these networks. To find the optimal solution, a general assessment that would not involve detailed schemes is quite necessary. In this paper, we introduce an evaluation method and analyze optical-device-based QKD networks including two rational aspects: (i) network connectivity and network bandwidth which reflect the network's flexibility and performance in theory; (ii) network cost that brings pragmatic restriction on the network construction in practice. Applying this model, we compare five typical types of optical-device-based QKD networks. The explicit results demonstrate the above networks' characteristics and some valuable conclusions.
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Jihad, Noor J., and Murooj A. Abd Almuhsan. "Future trends in optical wireless communications systems: Review." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 13 (September 15, 2023): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v13i.9474.
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Optical fibers are frequently used in data transmission systems, Because of their ability to transmit large amounts of information and dielectric nature. In central, metropolitan, or broad-area applications, network topologies incorporating many wavelengths per optical fiber are utilized to connect thousands of users with a wide variety of transmission rates and capacities. The simultaneous transmission of many wavelengths over a fiber with a nm range of 1300 to 1600 is a potent characteristic of an Optical communication network. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a method for combining various wavelengths onto a single fiber. The WDM concept, when combined with optical amplifiers, produces communication lines that enable quick communication between users across national borders. An overview of the difficulties with fiber-optic communication is provided in this paper. The areas that will be most important for the development of optical communications in the future are outlined in this study. Modern optical fibers and integrated optics were both developed in the dominion of optical machinery and parts. Optical fiber communication systems are widely used for high-speed data transmission over long distances. There are some specific details and examples of optical fiber communication systems such as Fiber Optic Cables, Light Sources, optical modulator, optical amplifier, optical receivers, fiber optical network, medical applications.
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Braunfelds, Janis, Elvis Haritonovs, Ugis Senkans, Inna Kurbatska, Ints Murans, Jurgis Porins, and Sandis Spolitis. "Designing of Fiber Bragg Gratings for Long-Distance Optical Fiber Sensing Networks." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2022 (October 5, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8331485.
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Most optical sensors on the market are optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors with low reflectivity (typically 7-40%) and low side-lobe suppression (SLS) ratio (typically SLS <15 dB), which prevents these sensors from being effectively used for long-distance remote monitoring and sensor network solutions. This research is based on designing the optimal grating structure of FBG sensors and estimating their optimal apodization parameters necessary for sensor networks and long-distance monitoring solutions. Gaussian, sine, and raised sine apodizations are studied to achieve the main requirements, which are maximally high reflectivity (at least 90%) and side-lobe suppression (at least 20 dB), as well as maximally narrow bandwidth (FWHM<0.2 nm) and FBGs with uniform (without apodization). Results gathered in this research propose high-efficiency FBG grating apodizations, which can be further physically realized for optical sensor networks and long-distance (at least 40 km) monitoring solutions.
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Maeli Khusnul Munfiqoh, Repdhi Febriyan, Lubna Nadra Hasti, Muhammad Rofiq, and Didik Aribowo. "PERENCANAAN SISTEM OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORK (OTN) PADA SISTEM TRANSMISI DWDM." Jurnal Kendali Teknik dan Sains 1, no. 3 (June 13, 2023): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.59581/jkts-widyakarya.v1i3.537.
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An OTN consists of a set of optical network elements connected by a fiber-optic link. OTN can provide the use of transport, multiplexing, routing, management, supervision and resilience of optical channels. OTN (Optical Transport Network) itself is a technology that can increase network bandwidth and reliability by building network functions into optical networks. . An OTN consists of a set of optical network elements connected by a fiber-optic link.
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Li, Wenchao, Yonggui Yuan, Jun Yang, and Libo Yuan. "Review of Optical Fiber Sensor Network Technology Based on White Light Interferometry." Photonic Sensors 11, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13320-021-0613-x.
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AbstractOptical fiber sensor networks (OFSNs) provide powerful tools for large-scale buildings or long-distance sensing, and they can realize distributed or quasi-distributed measurement of temperature, strain, and other physical quantities. This article provides some optical fiber sensor network technologies based on the white light interference technology. We discuss the key issues in the fiber white light interference network, including the topology structure of white light interferometric fiber sensor network, the node connection components, and evaluation of the maximum number of sensors in the network. A final comment about further development prospects of fiber sensor network is presented.
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Saoud, Hamza A. "Performance Simulation of a FTTH/GPON Optical Communication System for Different Lengths Using OptiSystem software." International Science and Technology Journal 35, no. 1 (October 1, 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.62341/licase2110.
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High-speed data transmission over long distances is a big challenge in the telecommunications world. Therefore, a reliable communication network is needed to provide this service to subscribers. Fiber optics is based on Fiber to the Home (FTTH / GPON) network, which is a fiber optic architecture that uses fibers as transmission channels to customers' homes or offices. In this proposed paper, the optical fiber analysis to the houses at different lengths (5-35km) presented and discussed. The transmission power was set to 5 dBm, from the results of the design optisystem tools, when the optical fiber length was 5km length the minimum bit error rate BER obtained = 0, where the length has been changed to 35km, the BER increased and the quality factor decreases gradually as the fiber length increases to reach the lowest value Q= 6.573 and BER=2.4589×10-1. FTTH / GPON technology can be applied for specific distances in cities where cost is reduced and data transmission rates are increased. Keywords- FTTH; Optical Fiber; minimum bit error rate; GPON networks.
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Mihály, András, and László Bacsárdi. "Optical transmittance based store and forward routing in satellite networks." Infocommunications journal 15, no. 2 (2023): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.2.2.
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Quantum computing will play a crucial part in our security infrastructure for the coming years. Quantum networks can consist of direct optical fiber or free-space links. With the use of satellite channels, we can create a quantum network with higher coverage than using optical fibers where the distances are limited due to the properties of the fiber. One of the highest drivers of cost for satellite networks, apart from the cost of the technology needed for such systems, are the costs of launching and maintaining said satellites. By minimizing the satellites needed for a well-functioning quantum network, we can decrease said network’s cost, thus enabling a cheaper quantum internet. In this paper, we present an optical transmittance-based routing algorithm with which it is possible to conduct successful quantum entanglement transfer between terrestrial nodes.
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Chen, Xin Rui, and Guang Yong Chu. "10 Gb/s Bidirectional Transmission with an Optimized SOA and a SOA-EAM Based ONU." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 8960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248960.
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We investigated the application of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and an SOA electro-absorption modulator (SOA-EAM) as attractive, low-cost solutions in passive optical networks (PONs). The main characteristics of an SOA with optimal performance for phase and amplitude modulation were tested. Additionally, a 10 Gb/s bidirectional transmission with an optical network unit (ONU) transmitter integrated with a distributed feedback (DFB) laser, electro-absorption modulator (EAM), and SOA was designed. The upstream (US) and downstream (DS) receiver sensitivities at the forward error correction (FEC) level reached −29.5 dBm and −33.5 dBm for back-to-back (BtB) fiber and −28.9 dBm and −33.1 dBm for 20 km fiber. For multichannel transmission, the US receiver sensitivities reached −28.8 dBm and −28.2 dBm for BtB and 20 km fibers, and the DS receiver sensitivities reached −33 dBm and −32.6 dBm for BtB and 20 km fibers, respectively.
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Ramadani, R., S. A. Khairunisa, and M. Khoiro. "Characteristics Analysis of Hybrid Optical Amplifier with Doped Fiber Variations for Fiber Optic Communications Network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2623, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2623/1/012022.
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Abstract Optical communication networks are vital in the digital era, but data transmission becomes weak the longer the distance traveled by light. Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) technology is commonly used as an optical amplifier, but it still produces a small gain, Q-factor, and a significant noise figure. This study characterized the Hybrid Optical Amplifier (HOA) combinations that contain EDFA with various doped fibers. The characterization was performed through Optisystem software simulation by observing and analyzing the gain, noise of figure, and Q-factor generated by each doped fiber variant. The results showed that the combination of Ytterbium-doped Fiber produced the most significant gain of 15.83 dB, less noise figure of 5,661 dB, and a relatively high Q-factor of 35,615 at 1,550 nm. It indicates that the HOA combination is suitable and ideal for long-distance transmission in fiber optic communication network applications.
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Li, Zhou. "Research on Technology of Broadband Optical Fiber Access Network System." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 2503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.2503.
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This paper first briefly introduces the basic overview of the broadband access and the classification. Second this paper focuses on broadband access network technology application of optical fiber, finally puts forward the development of the optical fiber broadband access network might cover APON, BPON and EPON phase, from broadband pointto-point Ethernet fibre optic system and GEPON start and even finally GPON phase transition to the initial assumption.
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Matsuba, Hideki. "OPTICAL FIBER NETWORK ESTABLISHMENT IN NAGOYA." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2003, no. 8 (January 1, 2003): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864703784640307.
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Liu, Bao Ming, and Li Zhou. "Applications of Optical Fiber Access Network." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 2205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.2205.
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This article introduces the basic concepts of optical access network, technical characteristics, the next type of optical access network applications, business support capabilities, configuration, structure, selection of future development trends of the optical access network.
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Koike, Yasuhiro. "High-Speed Polymer Optical Fiber Network." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 316, no. 1 (May 1998): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259808044447.
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Olson, D. W., H. R. Salloum, M. A. Seely, and A. Walsh. "Operating and powering optical fiber network." IEEE Communications Magazine 32, no. 2 (February 1994): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.259802.
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Zhao, Zhiqiang, Xinyuan Ouyang, Mengzhao Jia, Yuanfei Wang, and Zhe Li. "Fiber-end control algorithm based on back-propagation neural network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2761, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2761/1/012027.
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Abstract The evenness of the trajectory of the optical fiber grinding track has a substantial effect on the quality of the transmission of optical signals. To boost this transmission quality, we present a blueprint for the trajectory of the optical fiber grinding track, together with the recently introduced equipment for shaping the end-face of the optical fiber. This model establishes the correlation between the grinding trajectory and the rotational speed of the grinding motor, enabling control of the grinding trajectory of the optical fiber connector by manipulating the motor’s rotation speed. Three-speed control methods, namely the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller, fuzzy control algorithm, and Back-Propagation (BP) neural network PID control algorithm, were compared for effectiveness using Matlab/Simulink simulation software. The BP neural network displayed exceptional performance, leading us to implement the PID control algorithm to govern the speed of the grinding motor. Our experimental findings validate the superior efficacy of the BP neural network PID control algorithm in governing the speed of the grinding motor, thereby ensuring a consistent grinding trajectory for optical fibers.
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Sualla, Robert, and Chukwunazo J. Ezeofor. "A Dijkstra Based Algorithm for Optimal Splitter Location in Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN)." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 26, no. 12 (December 2, 2024): 80–94. https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i121342.
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Passive Optical Local Area Networks (POLANs) are integral to modern broadband communication systems, offering high bandwidth and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Designing an efficient POLAN requires careful consideration of splitter placement to minimize network costs. This paper presents an algorithmic approach using Dijkstra's algorithm and the Google Maps API to optimize splitter locations in a POLAN. By treating Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) as nodes in a graph and calculating walking distances between them, the algorithm identifies potential splitter locations that minimize fiber length. Using the Dijkstra's algorithm, the total fiber length used to connect every optical network unit is approximately 274km. Finally, a simulation of the full PON network was carried out and the BER and Q-Factor for each ONU was gotten. An average BER value of 1.8e-11 and Q-Factor value of 13.3 was gotten.
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Bondarenko, O. V., and D. M. Stepanov. "METHOD OF CONTROL THE MECHANICAL STATE OF THE OPTICAL FIBER OF THE DIELECTRIC SELF-SUPPORTING OPTICAL CABLE DURING OPERATION." Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control, no. 4 (December 26, 2024): 13–26. https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2024-4-2.
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Context. One of the issues of theoretical and practical research studying phenomena that occur over time and lead to violations of the normative work of optical cables (OC) are ways to ensure and control their reliability during operation. Today, electronic communication (telecommunications) has already gained significant integration and widespread use due to the urgent need to exchange large volumes of information between users or network devices at high speeds and over long distances, as well as the provision of a wide range of electronic communication services. The electronic communication service has a high level of demand and consists in receiving and/or transmitting information through electronic communication networks, which is transmitted using electronic communication networks and services. In an electronic communication network, the transmitting/receiving of optical signals is provided by the fiber optic transmission system (FOTS). It is capable of converting electrical signals from a variety of digital devices into optical signals and transmitting them over fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL), which is the main transmission medium in an electronic communication network. The problem of ensuring the reliability of the FOCL, which includes a wide range of issues related to the development and production of all its elements, design, construction and technical operation of the communication line, continues to gain more and more importance. In general, the transmitting/receiving of information between end users equipment, communication nodes, network devices (servers, databases, etc.) takes place through an electronic communication network. Normative and technical documentations for fiber-optic communication lines regulates the control of the mechanical state of the optical cable during operation, but do not provide the full control of the mechanical state of the optical fiber to ensure the quality and reliability of the line during the specified service life. As known, to ensure the reliability of the optical cable, as a rule, the permissible elongation of the optical fiber (OF) is ɛpOF < (0.2...0.25) %, adopted during the designing of the cable. However, during operation, the appearance of multiple excess of elongations exceeding these values is possible in the fibers. Thus, the development and substantiation of methods for evaluating the mechanical characteristics of a dielectric self-supporting optical cable (DSOC) and the method of full control of the mechanical state of the optical fiber is necessary. The last can lead to premature failure of the optical fiber. Objective. Development and substantiation of the method of control the mechanical state of an optical fiber of the suspended DSOC, as well as assessment of the conditions of deformation of optical fibers in its core with the appearance of longitudinal tensile/compressive loads during operation. Method. Two ways of evaluating the mechanical characteristics of DSOC and the method of control the mechanical state of its fibers have been developed and proposed. For this, the following characteristics of the cable and fiber are adopted in the work: relative elongation of the cable and fiber (ɛcх, ɛОFх), span length (Lsх) of the line, cable sag in the span (fx) and tensile load (TL) of the cable (Ftlх), which causes longitudinal deformation ɛ. At the same time, the method proposes to control the mechanical state of the optical fiber during the operation of the DSOC by determining its effective relative elongation according to the mechanical, physical and climatic conditions of the line location. In the paper, it is proposed to measure and calculate the following mechanical characteristics, due to the developed reference data for the selection of the cable type and the climatic zone of the line location, measuring equipment and mathematical tools: – equivalent mechanical tension in DSOC; – calculated and actual cable sag in the span; – actual effective relative elongation of the cable; – actual tensile load acting on the cable. The ways and method presented in the work allow a complete evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of the cable and control of the mechanical state of the optical fiber during operation of the DSOC. It creates an opportunity to monitor its changes to prevent the appearance of excessive loads during operation and failure of the fiber-optic communication line. It is possible to recommend this method for use by relevant departments for technical operation of telecommunication lines and networks based on hanging optical cables. Results. The work presents the results of the development and justification of the method of control the mechanical state of optical fibers of dielectric self-supporting optical cables during operation. For example, using the developed method, it is shown that in the cable OKL-3-D2A14 produced by PJSC “Odeskabel” in the conditions of the Odesa climate zone (Black Sea region), optical fibers with a span length of 100 m are subject to elongation by 0.16 %, and DSOC is subject to an actual tensile force of 2.722 kN. This result of the control of the mechanical state of the OF established that such span of the line ensures its mechanical integrity within the limits of the permissible deformation of 0.25 % adopted in the design of the cable, but exceeds its permissible tensile load of 2.6 kN. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the work results is that, for the first time ways of fully evaluating the mechanical characteristics of the DSOC during operation and the method of fully control the mechanical state of its optical fiber have been developed. It allows to monitoring changes in the mechanical state of the optical fiber of the cable.
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Peng, Yiran, Xinyi Wu, and Yuxin Zhan. "Study of U Band Optical Fiber Amplifiers (1600 - 1700 nm)." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 72 (December 15, 2023): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ewtrme82.
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In recent years, with the digital transformation of various industries, the demand for network data transmission has been growing exponentially. Optical networks, as the underlying bearer networks, are crucial for network development, so there is an urgent need to improve the capacity of optical fibre communication systems, and the development of U-band has become one of the important ways to expand the capacity of the system. The development of U-band (1650-1700 nm) optical amplifiers based on doped rare-earth ion optical fibres has become an optimal solution for the development of U-band active devices and the expansion of communication system capacity. This paper mainly introduces the background and working principle of fibre-optic amplifiers, focuses on the research direction and progress of U-band fibre-optic amplifiers, and introduces the working wavelength and working principle of this band fibre-optic amplifiers, as well as the current domestic and international research status. Finally, the development trend of U-band fibre optic amplifier is summarized.
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Ilham Kusuma Jaya and Ahmad Tantoni. "Penerepan Analisis Optical Line Terminal (OLT) Dengan Rasio Spliter dan Pasif Spliter Pada 8 Optical Distribution Point (ODP)." ASPIRASI : Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian dan Kegiatan Masyarakat 2, no. 4 (July 4, 2024): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/aspirasi.v2i4.869.
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This service aims to analyze the application of Optical Line Terminal (OLT) with splitter and passive splitter ratios at eight Optical Distribution Points (ODP) in the Fiber To The Home (FTTH) network. Through distance measurements, observations, and analysis of the power link budget and rise time budget, this research evaluates the performance of the FTTH network and determines the optimal configuration for the OLT and splitter. The results show that proper OLT settings and splitter ratios can significantly improve optical network performance. These findings provide practical guidance for internet service providers in designing efficient and reliable FTTH networks.
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Tang, Pusong, Kanpei Zheng, Weiming Yuan, Tuqiang Pan, Yi Xu, Songnian Fu, Yuncai Wang, and Yuwen Qin. "Learning to transmit images through optical speckle of a multimode fiber with high fidelity." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): 081107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0099159.
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Multimode fibers provide a unique opportunity for exploring the spatial degrees of freedom for high throughput light transmission. However, the modal dispersion prevents from the straightforward application of multimode fibers for space division multiplexing, such as image transmission. Herein, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a deep neural network termed multimode fiber inverse-scattering net for overcoming the modal dispersion induced scrambling in multimode fibers. Such a network is capable of transmitting grayscale image through the multimode fiber with high fidelity. 256-level grayscale images with 128 × 128 spatial channels encoded in the input wavefront can be retrieved from the output optical speckle patterns, where the average Pearson correlation coefficient and structural similarity index are as large as 0.97 and 0.95, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the proposed deep neural network has an excellent ability for learning the relationship between the input and output optical fields of a multimode fiber, which might facilitate the realization of high throughput space division multiplexing through multimode fibers.
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Pires, João J. O. "On the Capacity of Optical Backbone Networks." Network 4, no. 1 (March 11, 2024): 114–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/network4010006.
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Optical backbone networks, characterized by using optical fibers as a transmission medium, constitute the fundamental infrastructure employed today by network operators to deliver services to users. As network capacity is one of the key factors influencing optical network performance, it is important to comprehend its limitations and have the capability to estimate its value. In this context, we revisit the concept of capacity from various perspectives, including channel capacity, link capacity, and network capacity, thus providing an integrated view of the problem within the framework of the backbone tier. Hence, we review the fundamental concepts behind optical networks, along with the basic physical phenomena present in optical fiber transmission, and provide methodologies for estimating the different types of capacities, mainly using simple formulations. In particular, we propose a method to evaluate the network capacity that relies on the optical reach to account for physical layer aspects, in conjunction with capacitated routing techniques for traffic routing. We apply this method to three reference networks and obtain capacities ranging from tens to hundreds of terabits/s. Whenever possible, we also compare our results with published experimental data to understand how they relate.
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Huszaník, Tomáš, Ján Turán, and Ľuboš Ovseník. "Simulation of Downlink of 10G-PON FTTH in the city of Košice." Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 11, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2018-0006.
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Abstract Optical fiber has the great advantages of capacity and reliability. That is why network providers started to deploy FTTx (Fiber-To-The-x) optical access using various PON (Passive Optical Network) architectures. The leading technology right now is Gigabit PON (GPON). However, with increasing amount of multimedia we need to further develop existing technologies to go on with these high demands. Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) using 10G-PON technology for broadband access application is effective solution for high speed networks with high capacity. In this paper, we look at the passive optical network in the city of Košice and based on the real network we created simulation model of downlink of 10G-PON based FTTH with triple-play service.
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Torres Vahos, Diego Fernando, Alejandro Escobar Pérez, Cristian Alexis Diaz Rodríguez, and Jhon James Granada Torres. "Mitigation of Distortions in Radio-Over-Fiber Systems Using Machine Learning." Inge CuC 17, no. 2 (November 17, 2021): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.17.2.2021.21.
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Introduction: The ever-growing number of users connected to internet via mobile devices has driven to increase the research in the paradigm of hybrid optical networks called Radio-over-Fiber. These networks take advantages of the bandwidth given by the optical fiber and the mobility given by wireless transmissions, avoiding the bottleneck of optical-to-electrical conversion interfaces. However, the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber generates distortions in the radiofrequency signals optically modulated, limiting the reach of transmission. Objective: To improve the performance of a Radio-over-Fiber system in terms of bit-error-rate, using nonsymmetrical demodulation by means of the machine learning algorithm Support Vector Machine. Methodology: A Radio-over-Fiber System is simulated in the specialized software VPIDesignSuite. The radiofrequency signals are modulated at 16 and 64-QAM formats with different laser linewidths and transmitted over optical fiber. The Support Vector Machine algorithm is applied to carry out nonsymmetrical demodulation. Results: The implementation of the machine learning algorithm for signal demodulation significantly improves the network performance, reaching transmissions up to 30 km. It implies a reduction of the bit-error-rate up to two Introduction: The ever-growing number of users connected to internet via mobile devices has driven to increase the research in the paradigm of hybrid optical networks called Radio-over-Fiber. These networks take advantages of the bandwidth given by the optical fiber and the mobility given by wireless transmissions, avoiding the bottleneck of optical-to-electrical conversion interfaces. However, the chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber generates distortions in the radiofrequency signals optically modulated, limiting the reach of transmission. Objective: To improve the performance of a Radio-over-Fiber system in terms of bit-error-rate, using nonsymmetrical demodulation by means of the machine learning algorithm Support Vector Machine. Methodology: A Radio-over-Fiber System is simulated in the specialized software VPIDesignSuite. The radiofrequency signals are modulated at 16 and 64-QAM formats with different laser linewidths and transmitted over optical fiber. The Support Vector Machine algorithm is applied to carry out nonsymmetrical demodulation. Results: The implementation of the machine learning algorithm for signal demodulation significantly improves the network performance, reaching transmissions up to 30 km. It implies a reduction of the bit-error-rate up to two orders of magnitude in comparison with conventional demodulation. Conclusions: Mitigation of distortions in terms of bit-error-rate is demonstrated in a Radio-over-Fiber system using nonsymmetrical demodulation by using the Support Vector Machine algorithm. Thus, the proposed technique can be suitable for future high-capacity access networks.
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., Ariman, and Mochamad Iklil. "PERANCANGAN JARINGAN KOMUNIKASI SISTEM INFORMASI DAN ADMINISTRASI BRIMOB (SIAB) BERBASIS SERAT OPTIK." SAINSTECH: JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PENGKAJIAN SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 31, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37277/stch.v31i2.1152.
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Markas Komando Brimob uses optical fiber as a transmission media in the design of the Sistem Informasi dan Administrasi Brimob (SIAB) communication network. Optical fiber has a large transmission capacity, therefore fiber optic networks are implemented on network of SIAB. This facility includes withdrawal of fiber optic cable from Mako Brimob to seven points, namely Pool Mako, Mako Gegana, Pool Bengkel Gegana, Detasemen Gegana, Pool KBR, Pool Pelopor, and Danpas Pelopor.
The design of the SIAB network is adjusted to the needs of the Mako Brimob such as: 10-10 of BER, 100 Mbps of data speed, and 1310 nm of wavelength. The optical equipment used were single fiber optic tube loosen mode, PIN photodiode light detector, optical laser diode, and SC connector. From the power link analysis, the maximum distance without using an optical amplifier was 491.9 km. Then, the maximum speed was 896 Mbps measured using rise time budget.
Keywords: Power link budget, Rise time budget
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Ibrahim, Ahmed Atef, Mohammed Mohammed Fouad, and Azhar Ahmed Hamdi. "A Design Fiber Performance Monitoring Tool (FPMT) for Online Remote Fiber Line Performance Detection." Electronics 11, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 3627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11213627.
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A new technique for fiber faults events detection and monitoring in optical communication network systems is proposed. The fiber performance monitoring tool is a new proposed technique designed to detect, locate, and estimate the fiber faults without interrupting the data flow with efficient costs and to improve the availability and reliability of optical networks as it detects fiber faults remotely in real time. Instead of the traditional old method, the new proposed FPMT uses an optical time domain reflectometer to detect multiple types of fiber failures, e.g., fiber breaks, fiber end face contamination, fiber end face burning, large insertion losses on the connector and interconnection, or mismatches between two different types of fiber cables. The proposed technique methodology to detect the fiber failures depends on analyzing the feedback of the reflected signal and the pattern shape of the reflected signal over network fiber lines, supports a higher range of distance testing and performance monitoring, and can be performed inside an optical network in real time and remotely by integrating with an OSC board. The proposed technique detects fiber faults with an average accuracy of measurement up to 99.8%, the maximum distance to detect fiber line faults is up to 150 km, and it can improve the system power budget with a minimal insertion loss of 0.4 dB. The superiority of the suggested technique over real networks was verified with success by the Huawei labs’ infrastructure nodes in the simulation experiment results.
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BRANDT, RUSSELL, and TEOFILO F. GONZALEZ. "WAVELENGTH ASSIGNMENT IN MULTIFIBER OPTICAL STAR NETWORKS UNDER THE MULTICASTING COMMUNICATION MODE." Journal of Interconnection Networks 06, no. 04 (December 2005): 383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265905001484.
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This paper examines the wavelength assignment problem for single, dual, and multimessage multicasting over a star network with optical switching between fibers along the same wavelength. The specific problem we consider is given any star network, a predetermined number of fibers that connect its nodes, and a set of multicasts (or multidestination messages) to be delivered in one communication round, find a conflict free message transmission schedule that uses the least number of wavelengths per fiber. When the least number of wavelengths, λmin, exceeds the number available, λavl, one may transform the schedule into one with ⌈λmin/λavl⌉ communication phases or rounds over the same network, but restricted to λavl wavelengths per fiber.
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Bourdine, A., and S. Pashin. "Research of Fiber Optic Connector Ferrule End-Face Degradation Influence on Optical Pulse Distortion during Propagation over Indoor Multi-Gigabit Optical Network Link with Crypto-Fibers." Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities 7, no. 4 (December 28, 2021): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/1813-324x-2021-7-4-18-30.
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This article presents results of approbation of developed model of piece-wise regular fiber optic link, operating in a few-mode regime, with series-connected couple of special multimode optical crypto-fibers “encryptor-decoder”. Unlike the previously developed solution, the model was modified with an ability to take into account influence of fiber optic connector end-face contamination on laser-excited optical signal launching conditions. We present comparison results of computed optical pulse response envelops, distorted during propagation over 10GBase-LX network fiber optic links, containing optical crypto-fibers, depending on various conditions of transceiver laser source connector ferrule end-face contamination.
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Le, Hoang Nghia. "FTTH Network Optimization." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2014.4.1051.
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Fiber To The Home (FTTH) is the most ambitious among optical technologies applied in the access segment of telecommunications networks. The main issues of deploying FTTH are the device price and the installation cost. Whilst the costs of optical devices are gradually decreasing, the cost of optical cable installation remains challenging. In this paper, the problem of optimization that has practical application for FTTH networks is presented. Because the problem is Non-deterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard), an approximation algorithm to solve it is proposed. The author has developed the algorithm in a C# program in order to analyze its performance. The analysis confirms that the algorithm gains near-optimal results with acceptable time consumption. Therefore, the algorithm to be applied in a network design tool for FTTH network planning is proposed.
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Wen, Hsin-Yi, Hsiang-Cheng Hsu, Yao-Tung Tsai, Wen-Kai Feng, Chih-Lang Lin, and Chia-Chin Chiang. "U-Shaped Optical Fiber Probes Coated with Electrically Doped GQDs for Humidity Measurements." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 12, 2021): 2696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162696.
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The influence of the bending radius on the sensitivity of the graphene quantum dots (GQDs)-coated probe is experimentally investigated for a U-shaped probe. The fiber is bent into a U shape using the optic fiber flame heating method, and the optic fiber is enclosed in a glass tube to increase the stability of the probe. The surface of the U-shaped optical fiber was coated with electrospun fibers formed via electrospinning. Polymer materials doped with GQDs are applied to U-shaped optical fiber as humidity sensors. Graphene quantum dot nanofibers on the U-shaped optical fiber sensor to form a network structure of graphene quantum dots U-shape fiber sensor (GQDUS). The polymer network structure absorbs water molecules, which in turn affects the bending radius of the optical fiber, and changes the optical fiber spectrum. Graphene quantum dots provide optical enhancement benefits, which in turn increase the sensitivity of fiber optic sensors. The spectra monitoring system consists of an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) and an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). This system can be used to detect humidity changes between 20% RH and 80% RH in the chamber. Our results indicate promising applications for quantum dots probe sensors from electrospun nanofibers increasing sensitive environmental monitoring. As such, it could be of substantial value in optical sensors detection.
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Mohammed, Abdulrazak A., and Ghassan A. QasMarrogy. "Thermal Dynamics in Optical Networks." ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY 12, no. 2 (July 25, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/aro.11395.
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The signal distribution of any fiber-optic network system is an important factor in optical communication, which determines the quality of the optical signal transmission. One of the important effects is the temperature degrees; that effect is on the main parameters of optical communication (of which the fiber optic is the main part). The main material in fiber optics is glass. And as is well known, temperature has a strong effect on the glass, especially the core of fiber optics, because the structure of fiber optics contains several glass layers with different refractive indexes. Hence, in the present article, the effect of temperature on the optical signal and other components of the optical network system has been analyzed and studied. The analysis includes aberration, dispersion, and distortion of the optical network communication signal. The result has been discussed and analyzed for variables in the BW of the spectral when the temperature changed.
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Hu, Xingliu, Haifei Si, Junhui Mao, and Yizhi Wang. "Self-Healing and Shortest Path in Optical Fiber Sensor Network." Journal of Sensors 2022 (August 3, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5717041.
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In this study, a new square-based fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor network model is proposed to address possible link failures in FBG sensor networks and improve their reliability. Graph theory and optical switching are simultaneously applied to these sensor networks to improve their self-healing ability; the FBG sensor network is regarded as a directed graph. Three commonly used self-short-circuit algorithms are compared in terms of the self-healing capabilities that they provide to the optical fiber sensor network. Among these, the shortest-path faster algorithm achieved a high, nearly 90% repair accuracy and had an average repair time of 0.103 s, the shortest in this study. The newly designed FBG self-healing network can be reorganized and repaired when local damage occurs, thereby improving its reliability.
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Tosi, Daniele, Carlo Molardi, Wilfried Blanc, Tiago Paixão, Paulo Antunes, and Carlos Marques. "Performance Analysis of Scattering-Level Multiplexing (SLMux) in Distributed Fiber-Optic Backscatter Reflectometry Physical Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 2595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092595.
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Optical backscatter reflectometry (OBR) is a method for the interrogation of Rayleigh scattering occurring in each section of an optical fiber, resulting in a single-fiber-distributed sensor with sub-millimeter spatial resolution. The use of high-scattering fibers, doped with MgO-based nanoparticles in the core section, provides a scattering increase which can overcome 40 dB. Using a configuration-labeled Scattering-Level Multiplexing (SLMux), we can arrange a network of high-scattering fibers to perform a simultaneous scan of multiple fiber sections, therefore extending the OBR method from a single fiber to multiple fibers. In this work, we analyze the performance and boundary limits of SLMux, drawing the limits of detection of N-channel SLMux, and evaluating the performance of scattering-enhancement methods in optical fibers.
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Putri, Rahadian Dwi Oktavia, Elang Rimba Briantoko, Rohim Aminullah Firdaus, and Dzulkiflih Dzulkiflih. "Simulation of Coherent Electromagnetic Waves in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Transmission." Prisma Sains : Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram 11, no. 3 (July 30, 2023): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v11i3.8215.
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This study analyzes the application of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) in fiber optic networks which aims to find the wavelength, WDM optical spectrum and modes, as well as the CPR estimated phase and modes. In this study WDM allows the simultaneous transmission of different data streams through a single optical fiber, using different wavelengths. This research was conducted using the python OptiCommPy module. This module is used to perform modeling of complex optical fiber transmission systems by considering the various parameters and disturbances involved in optical transmission. The results obtained from this study are that WDM networks can use full or limited wavelength conversion, depending on the wavelength conversion capability of each network node. Whereas multifiber networks use fiber pools between network nodes, and multifiber WDM networks can be implemented without or with full wavelength conversion. This research can be a guide for designing coherent electromagnetic waves in WDM transmissions using the OptiCommPy python module.
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Zhang, Ning, Ze Yuan Han, Lu Qin Song, and Yue Ming Lu. "Research on Characteristics of Plastic Materials and Plastic Optical Fiber." Advanced Materials Research 738 (August 2013): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.738.3.
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Plastic materials have many uses. The plastic optical fiber with a low-cost, light weight, good flexibility, big core diameter, easy coupling, anti-electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic radiation, is used for short range communication. This paper analyzed the characteristics of plastic materials and plastic optical fiber, and proposed a novel application technology for access network. In the access network, the plastic optical fiber is used as a transmission medium, from center router to the server, and the various floors of plastic optical fiber switch to the user using plastic optical fiber connections, constitute a plastic optical fiber local area network, to realize the true meaning fiber to the home.
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Zhang, Chenlin, and Pan Wang. "Fuzzy Logic System Assisted Sensing Resource Allocation for Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication Integrated Network." Sensors 22, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 7708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207708.
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With the development of information transmission, there is an increasing demand for state monitoring of fiber-optic communication networks to improve the security and self-healing ability of the network. Distributed optical fiber sensing is one of the most attractive methods because it can achieve real-time detection of the whole network without additional sensing heads. However, when the sensing network is introduced into the communication network, the failure probability should be efficiently suppressed with limited sensing resources. In this paper, the fuzzy logic system is used to evaluate the impact of different sensing resource allocation on optical cable network quality. The link failure probability and path failure probability under the condition of uniform and non-uniform sensing resource allocation are simulated and analyzed, respectively. As shown in the analysis results, the failure probability under non-uniform allocation is significantly lower than under uniform allocation. In this paper, we discussed and addressed the allocation of the optical fiber sensing and communication integrated (OFSCI) network with the limited sensing resource for the first time. The results are helpful to develop an allocation strategy for optical fiber sensing and a communication integrated network with a higher robustness.
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Renner, Esther, Lisa-Sophie Haerteis, Joachim Kaiser, Michael Villnow, Markus Richter, Torsten Thiel, Andreas Pohlkötter, and Bernhard Schmauss. "Digitalized Optical Sensor Network for Intelligent Facility Monitoring." Photonics 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2024): 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12010018.
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Due to their inherent advantages, optical fiber sensors (OFSs) can substantially contribute to the monitoring and performance enhancement of energy infrastructure. However, optical fiber sensor systems often are standalone solutions and do not connect to the main energy infrastructure control systems. In this paper, we propose a solution for the digitalization of an optical fiber sensor system realized by the Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture (OPC UA) protocol and the Internet of Things (IoT) platform Insights Hub. The optical fiber sensor system is based on bidirectional incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (biOFDR) and is used for the interrogation of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays. To allow for an automated sensor identification and thus measurement procedure, an optical sensor identification marker based on a unique combination of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is established. To demonstrate the abilities of the digitalized sensor network, a field test was performed in a power plant test facility of Siemens Energy. Temperature measurements of a packaged FBG sensor fiber were performed with a portable demonstrator, illustrating the system’s robustness and the comprehensive data processing stream from sensor value formation to the cloud. The realized network services promote sensor data quality, fusion, and modeling, expanding opportunities using digital twin technology.
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Zhao, Hong. "The Optimal Application of GA-Improved Wavelet Network in Optical Fiber Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.835.
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Based on GA-improved wavelet neural network, this paper explored the Optical Fiber through the establishment of static property 3-dimension compensation model of the optical fiber sensor system. This paper has combined the advantages of both wavelet neural network and genetic algorithm and is thus capable of searching for global optimal solution in the solution space which has very promising application prospect in the areas such as intelligent sensor modeling and compensation.
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Kozdrowski, Stanisław, Mateusz Żotkiewicz, and Sławomir Sujecki. "Ultra-Wideband WDM Optical Network Optimization." Photonics 7, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7010016.
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Ultra-wideband wavelength division multiplexed networks enable operators to use more effectively the bandwidth offered by a single fiber pair and thus make significant savings, both in operational and capital expenditures. The main objective of this study is to minimize optical node resources, such as transponders, multiplexers and wavelength selective switches, needed to provide and maintain high quality of network services, in ultra-wideband wavelength division multiplexed networks, at low cost. A model based on integer programming is proposed, which includes a detailed description of optical network nodal resources. The developed optimization tools are used to study the ultra-wideband wavelength division multiplexed network performance when compared with the traditional C-band wavelength division multiplexed networks. The analysis is carried out for realistic networks of different dimensions and traffic demand sets.
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Bahleda, Miroslav, and Karol Blunar. "The Gain of Performance of Optical WDM Networks." Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2008 (2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/289690.
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We study the blocking probability and performance of single-fiber and multifiber optical networks with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). We extend the well-known analytical blocking probability model by Barry and Humblet to the general model, which is proposed for both single-fiber and multifiber network paths with any kind of wavelength conversion (no, limited, or full wavelength conversion) and for uniform and nonuniform link loads. We investigate the effect of the link load, wavelength conversion degree, and the number of wavelengths, fibers, and hops on blocking probability. We also extend the definition of the gain of wavelength conversion by Barry and Humblet to the gain of performance, which is fully general. Thanks to this definition and implementation of our model, we compare different WDM node architectures and present interesting results.
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Zhou, Zhi, Jian Ping He, Jin Ping Ou, and Hai Xiao. "A Novel Self-Healing Optical Fiber Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.553.
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The safety and reliability of critical civil infrastructures have been a major concern in all countries around the world. However, structural health monitoring (SHM) still faces a number of challenges, particularly in the area of in-and post-disaster monitoring. In addition, due to the large scale in dimension and complexity in geometry of a typical civil structure, a large number of embedded sensors are required to measure various structural and environmental parameters under normal and extreme conditions. To enhance the survivability of a sensor network for life-cycle structural health monitoring (SHM), this paper presents a novel self-healing sensor network. One Spider Orb-Web or network and one hybrid optical fiber (OF) system by combining the local and distributed OF technologies are designed to enhance the functionality of self-healing. Furthermore, three local self-healing sensor nodes, which use light switches or couplers, are designed to maintain the measuring connectivity at hot stress point. Finally, A simple Brillouin sensing network with self-healing nodes is constructed and then validated by the strain measurements of a three-point bend beam. The results show that by using self-healing sensors nodes, the stress state of the RC beam can be successively detected, even when some sensors fail or when the sensing line is broken.
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ISHIGURE, Taka-aki, and Yasuhiro KOIKE. "Broadband Network Realized with Polymer Optical Fiber." Kobunshi 51, no. 6 (2002): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.51.451.
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