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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Optical equipment'
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1
Holman, Jason (Jason William) 1974. "Optical networking equipment manufacturing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44603.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 70).
Celestica, a global contract manufacturer specializing in printed circuit board assembly and computer assembly, has recently begun manufacturing equipment for the optical networking equipment (ONE) industry. The expansion to include ONE manufacturing requires the development of new skills in handling optical fiber and components, a new supply chain strategy, and a new approach to manufacturing systems control. Celestica is developing a set of standards for ONE manufacturing that will support the rapid development of the new skills required for this industry. This work outlines the standards and explores the specific issues related to manufacturing with optical fiber, including the mechanical reliability and optical performance of various types of optical fibers. An overview of the telecommunications industry is provided, including an analysis of its supply chain structure. Observations are made on trends in the industry and the ways that these trends have affected Celestica in the past, and could impact Celestica in the future. Finally, Celestica's current approach to manufacturing systems control is evaluated, and suggestions are made for improving systems control and project management when manufacturing for such a rapidly evolving industry.
by Jason Holman.
S.M.
M.B.A.
2
West, Ian Philip. "Optical fibre based pulse oximetry." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262607.
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Xu, Xiangqun. "Investigation of alterations in optical properties of biological tissues induced by chemical agents with optical coherence tomography." Thesis, Keele University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268330.
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Stanley, Warren. "Realisation of an optical tomography system using an amplitude modulation technique." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275154.
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Allsop, Thomas David Paul. "A fibre optical strain sensor." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2779.
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Strain-sensing elements, fabricated in standard communications-grade single mode optical fibre, are increasingly being considered for application in structural health monitoring. The reason for this is the numerous advantages demonstrated by these devices compared with traditional indicators. This thesis describes work carried out on optical sensors at the University of Plymouth. The aim of this work was to achieve an optical fibre strain sensing system capable of measuring absolute strain with good resolution and having wide dynamic range, without bulky optical equipment and not susceptible to misalignment due to handling. Earlier work was devoted to study on an intrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor and an optical phase-shift detection technique. The sensing element investigated relied on the end face of an optical fibre as one mirror and the second mirror being a layer of Titanium Dioxide (TO2). Although some results are included, it was soon realised that this sensor had a number of problems, particularly with fabrication. As no simple solution presented itself, consideration was given to a sensor that made use of the change in reflectance of an intra-core fibre Bragg grating when the grating was subjected to strain. The bulk of work described in this thesis is concerned with this type of sensing element. The grating structure is inherently flexible and a number of structural formats were studied and investigated. The first and simplest grating considered was two linearly chirped Bragg gratings used in a Fabry-Perot configuration (a grating resonator). The sensor was tested using the sensing detection system and although the fabrication problems were overcome absolute strain measurement was unattainable. To achieve this end, a theoretical study of a number of grating structures was carried out using the T-matrix Formalism. Confidence in using this approach was gained by comparing the spectral behaviour of a proposed grating with results, which were given by another theoretical model for the same proposed grating. The outcome of this study was that two structures in particular showed promise with regard to absolutism (the measure of true strain) and linearity. Discussions held with the department of Applied Physics at Aston University about fabrication resulted in one of the proposed designs being abandoned due to difficulties of fabrication. The second structure showed more promise and fabrication attempts were put in hand. This grating is linearly-chirped with a Top-hat function and a sinusoidal perturbation as a taper function of the refractive index modulation. Experiments were performed, data were acquired and system performance for this sensor is presented. The thesis concludes that using such a fibre Bragg grating as the sensing element of a strain sensing system enables it to measure absolute strain without using bulky optical equipment. At present, the resolution of strain is limited by the quality of the grating being fabricated (anomalies on profile), this should improve once the fabrication technique is refined.
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Cronkite, Patrick Joseph 1961. "Design methods for focusing grating coupler using holographic optical elements." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276863.
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Light can be coupled out of a waveguide to a focused point by a focusing grating coupler and has possible applications in optical data storage. The grating can be fabricated with either e-beam techniques or holographic techniques. Two design methods are demonstrated that model the focusing grating coupler with holographic optical elements. Both methods take a geometrical optics approach to designing the holographic optical elements and both methods make use of commercially available ray trace programs. The first method uses complicated non-rotationally symmetric construction optics and requires either a modified ray trace program or special user defined surfaces. The second method involves a much simpler approach which did not require any changes to an existing ray trace program and requires only rotationally symmetric elements to correct the aberrations.
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Banyai, William Charles. "Optical nonlinearities in semiconductor doped glass channel waveguides." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184505.
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The nonlinear optical properties of a semiconductor-doped glass (SDG) channel waveguide were measured on a picosecond time-scale; namely, fluence-dependent changes in the absorption and the refractive index as well as the relaxation time of the nonlinearity. Slower, thermally-induced changes in the refractive index were also observed. The saturation of the changes in the absorption and the refractive index with increasing optical fluence is explained using a plasma model with bandfilling as the dominant mechanism. The fast relaxation time of the excited electron-hole plasma (20 ps) is explained using a surface-state recombination model. A figure of merit for a nonlinear directional coupler fabricated in a material with a saturable nonlinear refractive index is presented. The measured nonlinear change in the refractive index of the SDG saturates below the value required to effect fluence-dependent switching in a nonlinear directional coupler. Experiments with a channel-waveguide directional coupler support this prediction. However, absorption switching due to differential saturation of the absorption in the two arms of the directional coupler was observed.
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Jeshani, Mahesh. "Optical characterisation of cavitating flows in diesel fuel injection equipment." Thesis, City University London, 2013. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/3414/.
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The recent advances in Fuel Injection Equipment (FIE) have led to the identification of deposits found in the fuel filters and injector equipment. The work carried out here identifies the effects of cavitating flows on the physical and chemical properties of diesel fuel in order to try to evaluate the mechanism for deposit formation in FIE equipment using optical techniques to characterise the cavitating flows. Two sets of experiments have been carried out in order to understand the impact of cavitating flow on diesel fuels. The first experiment investigated the effects of sustained cavitating flow using a fuel recirculation rig. Samples of commercial diesel were subjected to forty hours of intense cavitating flow across a diesel injector in a specially designed high-pressure recirculation flow rig. Changes to the optical absorption and scattering properties of the diesel over time were identified by the continuous measurement of spectral attenuation coefficients at 405 nm by means of a simple optical arrangement. Identical diesel samples ~ere maintained at 70°C for forty hours in a heated water bath, in order to distinguish the effects of hydrodynamic cavitation and the regulated temperature on the cavitated diesel samples. The commercial diesel samples subjected to high pressure cavitating flow and heat tests revealed a response to the flow and temperature history that was identified by an increase in the optical attenuation coefficients of the cavitated and heated samples. The contribution of cavitating flow and temperature to the variation in spectral attenuation coefficient was identified. It was hypothesised that the increases observed in the spectral attenuation coefficients of the cavitated commercial diesels were caused by the cavitation affecting the aromatics in the commercial diesel . samples. The fuels were sent for a GC x GC and particle count analysis and results show significant increase in particle number count in the fuels as a result of cavitating flow. An increase in particle count to such high magnitudes was not observed for the heat test samples. Qualitative chemical modelling results of the pyrolysis of fuel vapour cavities during collapse at high pressures and temperatures have shown possible pathways leading to the formation of particulates. The presence of aromatics in diesel fuel was considered to be key species to the formulation of soot particles, however at extreme pressures and temperature paraffins may also have the propensity to breakdown into aromatics and further on to the formation of soot particles as observed by the pathway analysis in the modelling in the appendix. The second study undertaken involved the analysis of the near nozzle external spray dropsizing and atomisation characteristics of fuels with different distillation profiles using LIF-MIE image ratios. The LIF -Mie image ratios were simultaneously captured synchronously with the internal nozzle hole cavitating flow. Internal nozzle flow and sac observations after needle return have led to the conclusions that flow angular momentum is sustained in the sac flow after needle return. This flow was observed to have a high angular momentum which reduced over time. During the end of needle return, bubbles were observed in the sac hole forming as a result of needle cavitation. These bubbles retained the angular momentum of the flow post injection (after needle seal). The vortical motion in the sac lead to regions of high and low pressures in the sac volume and thus resulted in suction and discharge of bubble in the nozzle holes. The bubbles may have a high propensity of containing a mixture of fuel and air vapour whereas the suction and discharge offers a pathway to external gases entering the nozzle holes and sac volume. For operating engine conditions this would be post-combustion exhaust gases re-entering the nozzle holes. The combination of the bubble formation, its vOI1Ical motion due to the angular momentum of the liquid flow, its composition and high temperature, may form ideal conditions for pyrolysis like reactions which may lead to the formation of soot particles and deposits in the nozzle hole, sac and needle. Fuels with different distillation profiles were investigated to observe their external drop sizing distributions at 350 bar injection pressure. Results showed that fuels with lighter fractional compositions which also had lower viscosity produced lower Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) distributions than fuels with higher distillation fractions and higher viscosity. Whether this is as a consequence of the distillation profile alone and is not influenced by the viscosity differences has not been investigated yet and would form the basis of further investigations and publications.
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Twyford, Elizabeth J. "Optical interconnects : systems, devices and fabrication." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13889.
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Cosgrave, Joseph Anthony. "Acoustic-optic monitoring of electrical power equipment using chromatic signal processing." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263845.
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Chu, Beatrice C. B. "Novel optical methods for flowmetering and electric current sensing." Thesis, University of Kent, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314488.
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Hwang, Chan Joo 1963. "Transmission of quartz capillary optical fibers as a function of diameter and refractive index fluid." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276943.
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Recent experiments with optical fibers have reached a remarkable development for optical communication spectroscopy as well as a medical technology. Hollow optical fibers are required for optical communications. The measurement of the transmission of light through fibers can provide information about the fiber quality and about the far-field energy which radiates from the fiber end. We used five flexible hollow fused quartz fibers to study laser beam propagation down the fiber axis. Five different refractive index fluids were prepared and inserted into the fiber core to measure the transmitted intensity as a function of core property. The plots of the normalized, relative transmitted intensity measured as a function of the beam insertion point show the dependence of the transmitted intensity as a function of fiber diameter and refractive index fluid.
13
Lane, Philip Mark. "Design and realisation strategies for very high bit-rate optical receivers." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303366.
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Kirkland, Eric Alan. "A nano coordinate machine for optical dimensional metrology." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16525.
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Kornitzer, Daniel. "Bifocal vision : a holdsite-based approach to the acquisition of randomly stacked parts." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64025.
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Mony, Madeleine. "Reprogrammable optical phase array." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103276.
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The evolving needs of network carriers are changing the design of optical networks. In order to reduce cost, latency, and power consumption, electrical switches are being replaced with optical switching fabrics at the core of the networks. An example of such a network is an Agile All-Photonic Network (AAPN).This thesis presents a novel device that was designed to operate as an optical switch within the context of an AAPN network. The device is a Reprogrammable Optical Phase Array (ROPA), and the design consists of applying multiple electric fields of different magnitudes across an electro-optic material in order to create a diffractive optical element. The configuration of the electric fields can change to modify the properties of the diffractive device.
Such a device has a wide range of potential applications, and two different ROPA designs are presented. Both designs are optimized to function as 1xN optical switches. The switches are wavelength tunable and have switching times on the order of microseconds. The ROPA devices consist of two parts: a bulk electro-optic crystal, and a high-voltage CMOS chip for the electrical control of the device. The design, simulation, fabrication and testing of both the electrical and optical components of the devices are presented.
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Brown, Bronchae M. Schulz Brian L. P. "The effects of the joint multi-mission electro-optical system on littoral maritime Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance operations." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FBrown.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Warfare Systems Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): last name, first name ; "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 05, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Infrared, Electro-optic, Joint Capability Technology Demonstration, Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance, Modeling and Simulation Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-144). Also available in print.
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ATCHESON, PAUL DONALD. "AN INVESTIGATION OF ANALOG OPTICAL STORAGE THROUGH PHOTOCHEMICAL HOLE-BURNING." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188022.
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We have examined the technique of persistent spectral holeburning as a method for analog optical data storage. Two types of materials were examined from a theoretical standpoint, ones which exhibit photochemical holeburning (PHB) and ones which exhibit nonphotochemical holeburning (NPHB). We have presented the conditions under which a PHB material shows a linear relation between hole depth and exposure intensity or exposure time. Also we show that a NPHB material has no such condition. We conclude that a PHB material may be useful for analog optical data storage, while a NPHB material would not. Experiments were conducted with a NPHB material, R' color centers in LiF, to support the NPHB analysis.
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Argon, Cenk. "Turbo product codes for optical communications and data storage." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15350.
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Huang, Hong. "Hybrid and resilient WDM mesh optical networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15751.
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Meier, Ardis Jean 1953. "Optical scanner assessment information as valued by hospital pharmacy directors." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276810.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of communication and information on the potential adoption of optical scanners by hospital pharmacy directors. The study used a randomly selected national mail survey of 600 hospital pharmacy directors. A response rate of 64.17% was attained and the instrument was determined to have adequate reliability. Believability of optical scanner assessment information was compared between directors with high and low optical scanner familiarity. Directors with high familiarity rates the information's influence on their decision to adopt significantly higher than directors with low familiarity. Directors were also asked to rate the importance of the source of information and the optical scanner characteristics when making their decision to adopt. Directors with high familiarity rated management sources, administrative uses and time-savings higher and cost lower in importance. The survey revealed that 18.96% of the respondents were currently using optical scanners, primarily for inventory control.
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Gu, Lifang. "Visual guidance of robot motion." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Computer Science, 1996. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0004.
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Future robots are expected to cooperate with humans in daily activities. Efficient cooperation requires new techniques for transferring human skills to robots. This thesis presents an approach on how a robot can extract and replicate a motion by observing how a human instructor conducts it. In this way, the robot can be taught without any explicit instructions and the human instructor does not need any expertise in robot programming. A system has been implemented which consists of two main parts. The first part is data acquisition and motion extraction. Vision is the most important sensor with which a human can interact with the surrounding world. Therefore two cameras are used to capture the image sequences of a moving rigid object. In order to compress the incoming images from the cameras and extract 3D motion information of the rigid object, feature detection and tracking are applied to the images. Corners are chosen as the main features because they are more stable under perspective projection and during motion. A reliable corner detector is implemented and a new corner tracking algorithm is proposed based on smooth motion constraints. With both spatial and temporal constraints, 3D trajectories of a set of points on the object can be obtained and the 3D motion parameters of the object can be reliably calculated by the algorithm proposed in this thesis. Once the 3D motion parameters are available through the vision system, the robot should be programmed to replicate this motion. Since we are interested in smooth motion and the similarity between two motions, the task of the second part of our system is therefore to extract motion characteristics and to transfer these to the robot. It can be proven that the characteristics of a parametric cubic B-spline curve are completely determined by its control points, which can be obtained by the least-squares fitting method, given some data points on the curve. Therefore a parametric cubic B–spline curve is fitted to the motion data and its control points are calculated. Given the robot configuration the obtained control points can be scaled, translated, and rotated so that a motion trajectory can be generated for the robot to replicate the given motion in its own workspace with the required smoothness and similarity, although the absolute motion trajectories of the robot and the instructor can be different. All the above modules have been integrated and results of an experiment with the whole system show that the approach proposed in this thesis can extract motion characteristics and transfer these to a robot. A robot arm has successfully replicated a human arm movement with similar shape characteristics by our approach. In conclusion, such a system collects human skills and intelligence through vision and transfers them to the robot. Therefore, a robot with such a system can interact with its environment and learn by observation.
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DiMatteo, Joseph Howard 1959. "Focus servo performance optimization for an optical disk data storage device." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276866.
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This thesis concerns a study of the application, and performance optimization, of standard lead-lag compensation techniques to improve the closed loop performance of a focus servo system for an optical data storage device. Only with proper application of these compensation techniques will it be possible to meet the sub-micrometer focus error tolerances while maintaining the stability of the closed loop system. The performance indices used in this optimization study are the Integral of the Squared Error (ISE), the Integral of the Absolute Error (IAE), and the Integral of the Time multiplied by the Absolute Error (ITAE) as defined below, with the error function e(t) being the focus error of the closed loop servo system in response to a step input. ISE= ∫OT e²(t) dt IAE= ∫OTe(t)
dt ITAE= ∫OT t
e(t)
dt
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XIA, JINAN. "Microring-Resonator-Based Switch Architectures for Optical Networks." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2587364.
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Integrated silicon photonics provides a promising platform for chip-based, high-speed optical signal processing due to its compatibility with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication processes. They are attracting significant research and development interest globally and making a huge impact on green information and communication technologies, and high-performance computing systems.
Microring resonators (MRRs) show the versatility to implement a variety of network functions, compact footprint, and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor compatibility, and demonstrate the viability applied in photonic integrated technologies for both chip level and board-to-board interconnects. Furthermore, MRRs have excellent wavelength selection properties and can be used to design tunable filters, modulators, wavelength converters, and switches that are critical components for optical interconnects.
The research work of this dissertation is focused on investigating how to develop MRR-based switches and switch architectures for possible applications not only in optical interconnection networks but also in flexible-grid on-chip networks for optical communication systems. The basic properties and performances of the MRR switches and the MRR switch architectures related to their applications in the networks are examined. In particular, how to design and how to configure high performance, bandwidth variable, low insertion loss, and weak crosstalk MRR-based switches and switch architectures are investigated for applications in optical interconnection networks and in flexible-grid on-chip networks for optical communication systems. The works include several parts as follows.
The physical characteristics of microring resonator switching devices are thoroughly analyzed using a model based on the field coupling matrix theory. The spectral response and insertion loss properties of these switching elements are simulated using the developed model. Then we investigate the optimal design of high-order MRR-based switch devices.
Spectral shaping of the passbands of microring resonator switches is studied. Multistage high-order microring resonator-based optical switch structures are proposed to achieve steep-edge flat-top spectral passband. Using the transfer matrix analysis model, the spectral response behaviors of the switch structures are simulated. The performances of the proposed multistage high-order microring resonator-based optical switch structures and the high-order microring-resonator-based optical switch structures without stages are studied and compared.
Two types of MRR-based switch architectures are proposed to realize variable output bandwidths varying from 0 to 4 THz. One consists of 320, 160, and 80 third-order MRR switches with -3 dB passband widths of 12.5, 25, and 50 GHz, respectively. Another one is two-stage switch structure. In the first stage there are 4 third-order MRR switches with the passband widths of 1 THz. In second stage, there are 80, 40, 20 third-order MRR switches with the passband widths of 12.5, 25, and 50 GHz, respectively. Their insertion losses and crosstalks in the worst cases are numerically analyzed and compared in order to show the feasibility for the architectures to be applied in flexible optical networks.
MRR-based bandwidth-variable wavelength selective switch architectures with multiple input and output ports are proposed for flexible optical networks. The light transmission behaviors of a 1 by N MRR-based WSS are analyzed in detail based on numerical simulation using transfer matrix theory. Two types of N by N MRR-based WSS architectures consisting of MRR-based WSSs and MRR-based WSSs, and MRR-based WSSs and optical couplers are proposed. The performances of the proposed architectures are studied.
Scalable optical interconnections based on MRRs are proposed, which consist mainly of microring resonator devices: microring lasers, microring switches, microring de-multiplexers, and integrated photo-dectors. Their throughput capacities, end-to-end time latencies, and transmission packet loss rates are evaluated using OMNet++.
In summary, the research of the dissertation contributes to develop high performance, variable bandwidth, low insertion loss, and low crosstalk MRR-based optical switches and switch architectures to adapt to dynamic source allocation of flexible-grid optical networks.
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Cheung, Ka-yi, and 張嘉兒. "Optical parametric processes in biophotonics and microwave photonics applications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45207835.
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Ting, Voon-Cheung Roger. "Separation and recognition of connected handprinted capital English characters." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26747.
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The subject of machine recognition of connected characters is investigated. A generic single character recognizer (SCR) assumes there is only one character in the image. The goal of this project is to design a connected character segmentation algorithm (CCSA) without the above assumption. The newly designed CCSA will make use of a readily available SCR.
The input image (e.g. a word with touching letters) is first transformed (thinned) into its skeletal form. The CCSA will then extract the image features (nodes and branches) and store them in a hierarchical form. The hierarchy stems from the left-to-right rule of writing of the English language. The CCSA will first attempt to recognize the first letter. When this is done, the first letter is deleted and the algorithm repeats.
After extracting the image features, the CCSA starts to create a set of test images from the beginning of the word (i.e. beginning of the description). Each test image contains one more feature than its predecessor. The number of test images in the set is constrained by a predetermined fixed width or a fixed total number of features. The SCR is then called to examine each test image. The recognizable test image(s) in the set are extracted. Let each recognizable test image be denoted by C₁. For each C₁, a string of letters C₂, C₃, CL is formed. C₂ is the best recognized test image in a set of test images created after the deletion of C₁ from the beginning of the current word. C₃ through CL are created by the same method. All such strings are examined to determine which string contains the best recognized C₁.
Experimental results on test images with two characters yield a recognition rate of 72.66%. Examples with more than two characters are also shown. Furthermore, the experimental results suggested that topologically simple test images can be more difficult to recognize than those which are topologically more complex.Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Nair, Rohit. "A free-space optical solution for the on-chip global interconnect bottleneck experimental validation /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 31 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251904901&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Miller, William V. "Ultrasound detection using singlemode optical fibers with applications to epoxy cure monitoring." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42215.
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The state of cure of epoxies is an important issue in the manufacture of graphite epoxy composites used in aerospace structures. Variations in the initial state and process used to cure the epoxy resin in a composite material lead to variations in the mechanical properties of the part manufactured from the composite.[12] Control of these variation can be accomplished by monitoring the bulk and shear moduli of the epoxy resin as it cures. The moduli properties of the resin determine the acoustic properties of the epoxy.[12],[13],[14] Hence measurement of the acoustic longitudinal velocity and attenuation of the epoxy during its cure cycle provides a good indicator of the state of cure.
Optical fiber waveguides can be embedded within a host material and used to detect longitudinal acoustic waves.[15],[16] Herein, the mechanisms allowing the detection of ultrasound with optical fiber are presented. An analysis of optical fiber waveguides and optical fiber based interferometric detection methods is performed in detail. The interaction of radial strain fields, induced by longitudinal acoustic waves, with singlemode optical fibers is described. Experimental results obtained in epoxy cure monitoring, using an optical fiber based method for acoustic detection, are compared with results obtained using conventional piezoelectric based acoustic detection methods.Master of Science
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Mortimer, Beth Ann 1965. "A scanning grating technique for measurement of submicron focused spots." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291569.
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Many applications in optical research require the use of diffraction limited point images with reduced spot sizes. The instrumentation that evaluates these small diameter images must have high resolution (sub-micron) capabilities. One method used to measure sub-micron optical point images is a scanning grating technique. However, many characteristics of this measurement technique have not been fully examined. In this paper, the sensitivity of this measurement technique to the scanning mechanism, beam characteristics, and grating tilt is evaluated.
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SCHOUERI, ROBERTO M. "Projeto e implementação do equipamento para tomografia com nêutrons do IPEN-CNEN/SP." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26383.
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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T12:49:00Z
No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T12:49:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Lee, Young H. "Reductive biotransformation and decolorization of reactive anthraquinone dyes." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04062004-164708/unrestricted/lee%5Fyoung%5Fh%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. Directed by Spyros G. Pavlostathis.Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 332-345).
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Krishnan, Vikram. "A high bit rate flexible MAC protocol for monitoring applications using 60ghz radio technology." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34707.
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In recent years there has been a growing trend in optical wireless convergence.
One particular aspect of this is 60 GHz radio-over-fiber technology. It is intended for use
in wireless personal area networks. However, we think that the same technology could be
used for monitoring applications in the indoor environment. It could be used to detect
emergency situations or to detect intruders. We shall examine reasons why this choice
might be a suitable one. We shall then propose a MAC layer protocol to accomplish this
task. Since in case of emergency we might require to obtain data from only one node for
an extended duration, flexibility in implementation is required. We shall develop an
adaptive MAC protocol where this would be possible. We accomplish this by including
two protocol modes called the Icarus mode, which is to be used in case of an emergency
and the Resync mode which is used when normality is restored. A significant problem at
high frequencies is that the beam becomes increasingly narrow and behaves more in a ray
like condition. This implies that particularly in an indoor environment it is possible that
the beam may be accidentally blocked. In this case the node must be able shift the beam
in order to enable communication. We demonstrate three such strategies and offer a
comparative analysis.
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Chen, Wen-Tsong. "Word level training of handwritten word recognition systems /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974612.
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Chang, Jae Joon. "CMOS differential analog optical receivers with hybrid integrated I-MSM detector." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14998.
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Bergman, Gerald Rae. "Evaluation of exposure to optical radiation used in diagnostic and treatment in medicine and dentistry." Connect to full-text via OhioLINK ETD Center, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=mco1095952844.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Medical College of Ohio, 2004."In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Occupational Health." Major advisor: Farhang Akbar. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: iv, 75 p. Title from title page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-68).
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Wong, Ing Hoo. "Design of a realtime high speed recognizer for unconstrained handprinted alphanumeric characters." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25135.
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This thesis presents the design of a recognizer for unconstrained handprinted alphanumeric characters. The design is based on a thinning process that is capable of producing thinned images with well defined features that are considered essential for character image description and recognition. By choosing the topological points of the thinned ('line') character image as these desired features, the thinning process achieves not only a high degree of data reduction but also transforms a binary image into a discrete form of line drawing that can be represented by graphs. As a result powerful graphical analysis techniques can be applied to analyze and classify the image.
The image classification is performed in two stages. Firstly, a technique for identifying the topological points in the thinned image is developed. These topological points represent the global features of the image and because of their invariance to elastic deformations, they are used for image preclassification. Preclassification results in a substantial reduction in the entropy of the input image. The subsequent process can concentrate only on the differentiation of images that are topologically equivalent. In the preclassifier simple logic operations localized to the immediate neighbourhood of each pixel are used. These operations are also highly independent and easy to implement using VLSI. A graphical technique for image extraction and representation called the chain coded digraph representation is introduced. The technique uses global features such as nodes and the Freeman's chain codes for digital curves as branches. The chain coded digraph contains all the information that is present in the thinned image. This avoids using the image feature extraction approach for image description and data reduction (a difficult process to optimize) without sacrificing speed or complexity.
After preclassification, a second stage of the recognition process analyses the chain coded digraph using the concept of attributed relational graph (ARG). ARG representation of the image can be obtained readily through simple transformations or rewriting rules from the chain coded digraph. The ARG representation of an image describes the shape primitives in the image and their relationships. Final classification of the input image can be made by comparing its ARG with the ARGs of known characters. The final classification involves only the comparison of ARGs of a predetermined topology. This information is crucial to the design of a matching algorithm called the reference guided inexact matching procedure, designed for high speed matching of character image ARGs. This graph matching procedure is shown to be much faster than other conventional graph matching procedures. The designed recognizer is implemented in Pascal on the PDP11/23 and VAX 11/750 computer. Test using Munson's data shows a high recognition rate of 91.46%. However, the recognizer is designed with the aim of an eventual implementation using VLSI and also as a basic recognizer for further research in reading machines. Therefore its full potential is yet to be realized. Nevertheless, the experiments with Munson's data illustrates the effectiveness of the design approach and the advantages it offers as a basic system for future research.Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Moore, Jennifer H. (Jennifer Haydon). "Noise analysis of inkjet printers over stages and quality of the job and frequency sources from equipment in laboratory optical trap room." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54518.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, February 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 20).
This experiment measured the level of sound emitted over the course of the print cycle by an HP inkjet printer and determined how the level varies with changes in the print quality settings and stages of the print cycle. As a test document was printed on the printer at various print quality settings and in two different environments-in a dorm room and in a laboratory chamber, a Sound Level Meter measured the sound intensity over the course of the entire print cycle and recorded the values. While sound levels were similar across some stages of the print job, in the actual printing step, the sound level varied directly with the quality and inversely with the time spent printing. For the normal quality setting, the mean sound level in the dorm room [in the chamber] was 55.242 ± 2.41 dB [56.911 ± 2.12 dB] with 12.4 s [12.4 s] of actual printing. These results have implications for a new generation of inkjet printers. Additionally, this experiment determined the noise contributors to a laboratory room containing an optical trap. The laser's fan-based cooling system yields frequencies of approximately 270 Hz and 540 Hz in the room, while the room's heater produces frequencies of approximately 110 Hz. The devices contributing to frequency peaks are the laser's fan-based cooling system and the room heaters. The fan-based cooling system produced consistent frequencies of approximately 270 Hz and 540 Hz. Also, the room heaters yield a lower frequency output of approximately 110 Hz. Even with all controllable devices turned off, a 33.5 Hz low frequency noise is present in the sound power spectrum FFT graph, most likely from the refrigerator outside the room of interest. To reduce the effect of the electronic equipment's frequencies on the high precision measurements acquired in the optical trap room, data should be taken with the two rooms' heaters off, and a quieter method of cooling the laser should be investigated.
by Jennifer H. Moore.
S.B.
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Imam, Neena. "Analysis, design, and testing of semiconductor intersubband devices." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15664.
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Forni, Federico. "Controllo ottico automatizzato di circuiti fotonici integrati: Progettazione, realizzazione e valutazione." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6473/.
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In this report a new automated optical test for next generation of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) is provided by the test-bed design and assessment. After a briefly analysis of critical problems of actual optical tests, the main test features are defined: automation and flexibility, relaxed alignment procedure, speed up of entire test and data reliability. After studying varied solutions, the test-bed components are defined to be lens array, photo-detector array, and software controller. Each device is studied and calibrated, the spatial resolution, and reliability against interference at the photo-detector array are studied. The software is programmed in order to manage both PIC input, and photo-detector array output as well as data analysis. The test is validated by analysing state-of-art 16 ports PIC: the waveguide location, current versus power, and time-spatial power distribution are measured as well as the optical continuity of an entire path of PIC. Complexity, alignment tolerance, time of measurement are also discussed.
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Tiporlini, Valentina. "Magnetocardiography in unshielded environment based on optical magnetometry and adaptive noise cancellation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/875.
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This thesis proposes and demonstrates the concept of a magnetocardiographic system employing an array of optically-pumped quantum magnetometers and an adaptive noise cancellation for heart magnetic field measurement within a magnetically-unshielded environment.
Optically-pumped quantum magnetometers are based on the use of the atomic-spin-dependent optical properties of an atomic medium. An Mxconfiguration- based optically-pumped quantum magnetometer employing two sensing cells containing caesium vapour is theoretically described and experimentally developed, and the dependence of its sensitivity and frequency bandwidth upon the light power and the alkali vapour temperature is experimentally demonstrated. Furthermore, the capability of the developed magnetometer of measuring very weak magnetic fields is experimentally demonstrated in a magnetically-unshielded environment.
The adaptive noise canceller is based on standard Least-Mean-Squares (LMS) algorithms and on two heuristic optimization techniques, namely, Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The use of these algorithms is investigated for suppressing the power line generated 50Hz interference and recovering of the weak magnetic heart signals from a much higher electromagnetic environmental noise. Experimental results show that all the algorithms can extract a weak heart signal from a much-stronger magnetic noise, detect the P, QRS, and T heart features and highly suppress the common power line noise component at 50 Hz. Moreover, adaptive noise cancellation based on heuristic algorithms is shown to be more efficient than adaptive noise canceller based on standard or normalised LMS algorithm in heart features detection.
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Kim, Joohee. "Error-resilient video streaming over lossy channels." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13723.
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Blais, Bruno. "Model-based visual inspection of hybrid circuits." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63928.
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Park, Jin-Woo. "Core lamination technology for micromachined power inductive components." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131319/unrestricted/park%5Fjin-woo%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.
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Heralic, Almir. "Towards full Automation of Robotized Laser Metal-wire Deposition." Licentiate thesis, University West, Department of Engineering Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-2148.
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Metal wire deposition by means of robotized laser welding offers great saving potentials, i.e. reduced costs and reduced lead times, in many different applications, such as fabrication of complex components, repair or modification of high-value components, rapid prototyping and low volume production, especially if the process can be automated. Metal deposition is a layered manufacturing technique that builds metal structures by melting metal wire into beads which are deposited side by side and layer upon layer. This thesis presents a system for on-line monitoring and control of robotized laser metal wire deposition (RLMwD). The task is to ensure a stable deposition process with correct geometrical profile of the resulting geometry and sound metallurgical properties. Issues regarding sensor calibration, system identification and control design are discussed. The suggested controller maintains a constant bead height and width throughout the deposition process. It is evaluated through real experiments, however, limited to straight line deposition experiments. Solutions towards a more general controller, i.e. one that can handle different deposition paths, are suggested.
A method is also proposed on how an operator can use different sensor information for process understanding, process development and for manual on-line control. The strategies are evaluated through different deposition tasks and considered materials are tool steel and Ti-6Al-4V. The developed monitoring system enables an operator to control the process at a safe distance from the hazardous laser beam.
The results obtained in this work indicate promising steps towards full automation of the RLMwD process, i.e. without human intervention and for arbitrary deposition paths.
RMS
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Scullion, Mark Gerard. "Slotted photonic crystal biosensors." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3405.
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Optical biosensors are increasingly being considered for lab-on-a-chip applications due to their benefits such as small size, biocompatibility, passive behaviour and lack of the need for fluorescent labels. The light guiding mechanisms used by many of them result in poor overlap of the optical field with the target molecules, reducing the maximum sensitivity achievable. This thesis presents a new platform for optical biosensors, namely slotted photonic crystals, which engender higher sensitivities due to their ability to confine, spatially and temporally, the peak of optical mode within the analyte itself. Loss measurements showed values comparable to standard photonic crystals, confirming their ability to be used in real devices. A novel resonant coupler was designed, simulated, and experimentally tested, and was found to perform better than other solutions within the literature. Combining with cavities, microfluidics and biological functionalization allowed proof-of-principle demonstrations of protein binding to be carried out. High sensitivities were observed in smaller structures than most competing devices in the literature. Initial tests with cellular material for real applications was also performed, and shown to be of promise. In addition, groundwork to make an integrated device that includes the spectrometer function was also carried out showing that slotted photonic crystals themselves can be used for on-chip wavelength specific filtering and spectroscopy, whilst gas-free microvalves for automation were also developed. This body of work presents slotted photonic crystals as a realistic platform for complete on-chip biosensing; addressing key design, performance and application issues, whilst also opening up exciting new ideas for future study.
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Subbiah, Arun. "Design and evaluation of a distributed diagnosis algorithm for arbitrary network topologies in dynamic fault environments." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13273.
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Jalkebo, Charlotte. "Placement of Controls in Construction Equipment Using Operators´Sitting Postures : Process and Recommendations." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108980.
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An ergonomically designed work environment may decrease work related musculoskeletal disorders, lead to less sick leaves and increase production time for operators and companies all around the world. Volvo Construction Equipment wants to deepen the knowledge and investigate more carefully how operators are actually sitting whilst operating the machines, how this affects placement of controls and furthermore optimize controls placements accordingly. The purpose is to enhance their product development process by suggesting guidelines for control placement with improved ergonomics based on operators’ sitting postures. The goal is to deliver a process which identifies and transfers sitting postures to RAMSIS and uses them for control placement recommendations in the cab and operator environments. Delimitations concerns: physical ergonomics, 80% usability of the resulted process on the machine types, and the level of detail for controls and their placements. Research, analysis, interviews, test driving of machines, video recordings of operators and the ergonomic software RAMSIS has served as base for analysis. The analysis led to (i) the conclusion that sitting postures affect optimal ergonomic placement of controls, though not ISO-standards, (ii) the conclusion that RAMSIS heavy truck postures does not seem to correspond to Volvo CE’s operators’ sitting postures and (iii) and to an advanced engineering project process suitable for all machine types and applicable in the product development process. The result can also be used for other machines than construction equipment. The resulted process consists of three independent sub-processes with step by step explanations and recommendations of; (i) what information that needs to be gathered, (ii) how to identify and transfer sitting postures into RAMSIS, (iii) how to use RAMSIS to create e design aid for recommended control placement. The thesis also contains additional enhancements to Volvo CE’s product development process with focus on ergonomics. A conclusion is that the use of motion capture could not be verified to work for Volvo Construction Equipment, though it was verified that if motion capture works, the process works. Another conclusion is that the suggested body landmarks not could be verified that they are all needed for this purpose except for those needed for control placement. Though they are based on previous sitting posture identification in vehicles and only those that also occur in RAMSIS are recommended, and therefore they can be used. This thesis also questions the most important parameters for interior vehicle design (hip- and eye locations) and suggests that shoulder locations are just as important. The thesis concluded five parameters for control categorization, and added seven categories in addition to those mentioned in the ISO-standards. Other contradictions and loopholes in the ISO-standards were identified, highlighted and discussed. Suggestions for improving the ergonomic analyses in RAMSIS can also be found in this report. More future research mentioned is more details on control placement as well as research regarding sitting postures are suggested. If the resulted process is delimited to concern upper body postures, other methods for posture identification may be used.
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Goulding, John Robert. "Adaptive Color Correlation of Knots in Wood Images and Weighted-value Product Selection Methods in a Machine Vision System." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5189.
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The biggest obstacle to robust color image processing of wood is in developing a color model that represents all possible defect colors. When the color model is too general or too specific, defect recognition fails because too many or too few non-defect pixels match the model, respectively. Because a color image of wood contains far more clear and clear-grain colored pixels than grain-knot and knot colored pixels, it is beneficial to first statistically identify and remove the clear and clear-grain colors and to use the accumulated data to simultaneously enhance and normalize the remaining grainknot and knot colored pixels. This process is here called adaptive color correlation. The normal image processing strategy is to search and test for defect features directly. The strategy proposed and developed here is to instead classify all wood pixels containing non-defect colors first, and then identify defect features. Once non-defect features are removed from an image, the task of finding candidate defects becomes easier and faster. This improvement is realized in a sigmoid-shaped color correlation implemented as an adaptive look-up table. As wood has become more expensive relative to manufacturing costs, more efficient methods of maximizing the recovery of clear wood in every board are sought. Optimization, in the present context, is a broad term for selecting products that are made from wood boards so the value of products produced is maximized for a given production requirement. Wood contains random defects which prohibit the production of some products. The normal optimization strategy is to mathematically change the value of under/over-produced products directly. The strategy proposed and developed here is to instead separate optimization into two steps: 1) determine all possible product solutions for a board; and 2) select the single best solution that satisfies value and production goals. Maximum utilization of clear wood is achieved because the solution is "frozen" before mathematically changing the value of products. Recovering long-lengths of clear wood is achieved because various length-based valuation strategies may be implemented as postsolution processes. Separating the product selection process from the solution generation process is shown by this work (simulation) to maximize value recovery.
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Dong, Lixin. "DIFFUSE OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS OF HEAD AND NECK TUMOR HEMODYNAMICS FOR EARLY PREDICTION OF CHEMO-RADIATION THERAPY OUTCOMES." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/35.
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Chemo-radiation therapy is a principal modality for the treatment of head and neck cancers, and its efficacy depends on the interaction of tumor oxygen with free radicals. In this study, we adopted a novel hybrid diffuse optical instrument combining a commercial frequency-domain tissue oximeter (Imagent) and a custom-made diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) flowmeter, which allowed for simultaneous measurements of tumor blood flow and blood oxygenation. Using this hybrid instrument we continually measured tumor hemodynamic responses to chemo-radiation therapy over the treatment period of 7 weeks. We also explored monitoring dynamic tumor hemodynamic changes during radiation delivery. Blood flow data analysis was improved by simultaneously extracting multiple parameters from one single autocorrelation function curve measured by DCS. Patients were classified into two groups based on clinical outcomes: a complete response (CR) group and an incomplete response (IR) group with remote metastasis and/or local recurrence within one year. Interestingly, we found human papilloma virus (HPV-16) status largely affected tumor homodynamic responses to therapy. Significant differences in tumor blood flow index (BFI) and reduced scattering coefficient (μs’) between the IR and CR groups were observed in HPV-16 negative patients at Week 3. Significant differences in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([HbO2]) and blood oxygen saturation (StO2) between the two groups were found in HPV-16 positive patients at Week 1 and Week 3, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed and results indicated high sensitivities and specificities of these hemodynamic parameters for early (within the first three weeks of the treatment) prediction of one-year treatment outcomes. Measurement of tumor hemodynamics may serve as a predictive tool allowing treatment selection based on biologic tumor characteristics. Ultimately, reduction of side effects in patients not benefiting from radiation treatment may be feasible.
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Borghäll, David, and Mathilda Lundström. "Utveckling av handhållen prototyp för mätning av EKG och fingerpuls." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258820.
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Denna rapport representerar ett kandidatexamensarbete vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan(KTH), där målet var att skapa en handhållen prototyp. Funktionerna för prototypen var mätning av puls i ett finger med optiska sensorn TCRT1010 och elektrokardiografi(EKG) med bipolära extremitetsavledningar. Prototypen är skapad med målet att vara användarvänlig, kostnadseffektiv och billig för att kunna appliceras i utvecklingsländer som finns i Afrika och Asien. Anledningen är då det finns brist på billig och lätthanterlig medicinsk teknik i de områden. Arbetet utfördes genom utveckling av två kretsar givna av uppdragsgivaren, för att sedan designas på ett kretskort som tillverkades av ett svenskt företag. Samtliga komponenter löddes fast på kretskortet och monterades i en behållare med uttag och batterier. Den slutgiltiga prototypen består av en plastlåda som innehåller kretskortet med funktionen att mäta antingen pulsen i ett finger eller EKG, som användaren väljer med hjälp av en switch. Prototypen är även utrustad med avtagbart lock, två BNC kontakter för signalutskick till oscilloskop, en för vardera krets, tre labbhylsor för extremiteterna och ett 4-polig kontakt för den optiska sensorn. Signalerna som fås är ej brusfria men innehåller respektive signals viktigaste parametrar för kontroll om vidare diagnostisk behövs. Den framtagna prototypens kostnad slutade på 1815,5 SEK, vilket ej ansågs uppfylla målet för kostnadeffektivet men som anses kunna användas i utvecklingsländer då prototypen har en simpel design, med avtagbart lock som möjliggör lätta batteribyten, endast en switch och är kompakt som gör den lätt att utföra undersökningar med. Signalhanteringen är testad för att ge tydlig signal som möjliggör att vårdpersonal kan identifiera om vidare diagnostik behövs. Många framtida förbättringar identifierades, så som att minska kostnaden med byte till billigare komponenter och massbeställning av kretskort, göra prototypen trådlöst kopplad till mätinstrument eller minska brus ytterligare.This report represents a bachelor thesis at the Royal Institute of Technology, where the goal was to create a handheld prototype. The functions of the prototype were measuring pulse in a finger using the optical sensor TCRT1010 and electrocardiogram(ECG) with bipolar limb-lead. In this thesis, the focus was put on trying to develop a user-friendly and cost-effective prototype for use in developing countries, that can be found in Africa and Asia. The reason is because there's a lack of cheap and easy to use medical equipment in those areas. The work was performed by developing two circuits, given by our employer, that was designed on a circuitboard and constructed by a Swedish circuitboard constructor. All components were soldered on the circuitboard and was mounted in a box with socket and batteries. The finished prototype consists of a plastic box containing one circuitboard with the function to measure either the puls of a finger or ECG, which the user can choose between using a switch. The prototype is also equipped with a removable lid, two BNC plugs for connecting an oscilloskope, one for each ciruit, three sockets for the limb lead for the ECG and finally a 4-pole socket for the optical sensor. The signals acquired are not free of noise but contains the most important parameters of the two signals for guidance if further medical diagnostic is needed. The prototypes final cost was 1815,5 SEK, which was not considered achieving the goal for cost-efficiency, was still believed to be useful in developing countries because of its simpel design with removable lid and easily to change batteries. It's equipped with only one switch and the compact size makes it easy to handle. The signal processing is tested to give a clear signal which enables the health professionals to identify if further diagnostics are needed. Several improvements was identified for future work, such as to reduce the cost by buying cheaper components or buying the circuitboard in greater numbers, making a wireless connection to the measuring equipment or further reducing the noise.