Relevant bibliographies by topics / Optical CT scanner

Academic literature on the topic 'Optical CT scanner'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Optical CT scanner"

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Ogilvy, A., S. Collins, W. Hare, M. Hilts, T. Tuokko, R. Deardon, and A. Jirasek. "Simulated design optimization of a prototype solid tank optical CT scanner for 3D radiation dosimetry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2167, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2167/1/012009.

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Abstract Optical computed tomography (CT) is one of the leading modalities for imaging gel dosimeters. There exist many prototype designs, as well as some commercial optical CT scanners that have showcased the value that gel dosimeters can provide to improve 3D dose verification for radiation treatments. However, due to factors including image accuracy, scan time, or demanding setup and maintenance there is currently no single scanner that has become a ubiquitous staple in a clinical setting. In this work, a prototype solid tank optical CT scanner is proposed that minimizes the need for a refractive index bath commonly found in optical CT systems. In addition to the design proposal, a ray-path simulator was created to optimize the design such that the solid tank geometry improves light collection across the detector array, maximizes the volume of the dosimeter scanned, and maximizes the dynamic range of the scanner.
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Mendricky, Radomir, and Jiri Sobotka. "Accuracy Comparison of the Optical 3D Scanner and CT Scanner." Manufacturing Technology 20, no. 6 (December 23, 2020): 791–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/mft.2020.120.

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Campbell, W. G., A. Jirasek, and D. Wells. "Recent developments with a prototype fan-beam optical CT scanner." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 444 (June 26, 2013): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/444/1/012066.

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Jordan, Kevin. "Scanning water phantom to optical laser CT scanner conversion kit." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3 (January 1, 2004): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3/1/043.

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Campbell, Warren G., D. A. Rudko, Nicolas A. Braam, Derek M. Wells, and Andrew Jirasek. "A prototype fan-beam optical CT scanner for 3D dosimetry." Medical Physics 40, no. 6Part1 (May 29, 2013): 061712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4805111.

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Newton, J., A. Thomas, G. Ibbott, and M. Oldham. "Preliminary commissioning investigations with the DMOS-RPC optical-CT Scanner." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 250 (November 1, 2010): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/250/1/012078.

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Sun, Li, Ya Juan Guo, Xiao Ju Liu, Hong Bo Li, Lin Liu, and Yu Xuan Gao. "The Accuracy of Tooth Image Reconstruction from Spiral CT, Micro-CT, and Cone-Beam CT Scans." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 2053–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.2053.

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Objectives The aim of this study was to compare 3D accuracy of tooth image reconstruction from three kinds of CT scans using 3D superimpositional method. Methods 18 sound extracted human teeth were scanned by 3D optical system, spiral CT, micro-CT, and cone-beam CT scanner. The digital teeth images reconstructed from three kinds of CT scans were superimposed onto the standard image from optical scans respectively. Distribution patterns of shape discrepancy were presented using histogram, as well as showed in different colors on the superimposed imagines. The ratio of voluminal discrepancy versus the volume of the standard image (RVD/VS) was calculated and analyzed, using the matched-pair t-test and rank sum test. Results Compared with the standard tooth image, the average RVD/VS of digital teeth images by the micro-CT, cone-beam CT, spiral CT scans were 5.11%, 20.73%, 24.60% respectively, and there were statistically significant difference among the three kinds of CT scans (P<0.01). Significant difference were also found among the anterior teeth, bicuspids, and molars (P<0.01). Histogram gave the description about the counts and magnitude of the discrepancies. Marked by difference colors, the superimposed images could give visualized information about the magnitude and distribution patterns of discrepancies. Conclusions The digital teeth models reconstructed from the spiral CT, micro-CT, cone-beam CT images are inhomogeneous enlarged, compared with the original models. As the only realizable way to individualized FEM analysis, tooth modeling by CT scans needs more efforts and refinements to improve its accuracy.
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Lee, Jae Choon, Ae Ran Kim, Young Hoon Ji, and Soo-Il Kwon. "Characteristics of CCD Based Optical CT Scanner for Therapeutic Radiation Dosimetry." Progress in Medical Physics 27, no. 2 (2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14316/pmp.2016.27.2.72.

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Vandecasteele, Jan, and Yves De Deene. "Optimization of a fast optical CT scanner for nPAG gel dosimetry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 164 (May 1, 2009): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/164/1/012024.

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Jirasek, A., D. Rudko, and D. Wells. "A prototype fan-beam optical CT scanner for polymer gel dosimetry." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 164 (May 1, 2009): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/164/1/012025.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Optical CT scanner"

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Li, Yao-Ting, and 李曜廷. "Dose Evaluation of the NIPAM Gel Dosimetry by Cone Beam Optical CT Scanner." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75246336600477005082.

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碩士
中臺科技大學
醫學影像暨放射科學系暨研究所
103
Recent years, cancer is a leading cause of deaths. Radiotherapy commonly used in cancer treatment. Radiotherapy treatment with verify dosimetry is even important. Polymer gel dosimeters have characteristics of three-dimensional(3D) dose distribution and and demands of clinic. Optical CT scanner have advantage of no radiation and fast, has been widely used in gel dosimeter dose measurement. Cone Beam Optical CT scanner (VISTA ™) has been often use in radiochromic gel dose measurement. In this study, we use N-isopropylacrylamide(NIPAM) polymer gel and cone beam optical CT scanner (CB Optical-CT) (Vista™) was applied to single field treatment plan. The dose distributions obtained from Vista scanner were compared with the calculated dose distribution generated by the treatment planning system (TPS). The results indicated, under 3%/3mm criteria, the pass rate could reach as high as 92%. Otherwise, gamma pass rate were 99% under 5% dose difference and 5 mm distance-to-agreement criteria. With dose verification, using EBT3, the pass rate was as high as 89% using 3%/3mm criteria. The present study demonstrated the feasibility of 3D dose verification using cone beam optical CT scanner Vista™ of NIPAM gel dosimeter. Furthermore, the results indicated that NIPAM gel dosimeter was stable and reliable. Hence, it is a potential 3D dosimeter in radiotherapy.
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Ramm, Daniel Paul Norman. "An optical computed tomography scanner for three dimensional gel dosimetry of radiotherapy dose distributions." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119799.

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Clinical radiotherapy treatments using linear accelerator (linac) generated megavoltage xray beams are planned using computer models that calculate patient specific three dimensional (3D) radiation dose distributions. Treatment planning system (TPS) calculated doses are evaluated by clinicians to ensure suitable dose coverage of targeted tumours and the avoidance of excessive doses to normal tissues. The accuracy of the TPS must be validated by measurement to ensure correct patient treatments. Traditional radiotherapy dosimeters do not measure dose entirely in 3D. They effectively ‘spot check’ accuracy at discrete points or planes, without the ability to fully visualise measured dose distributions in true 3D. True 3D dosimetry systems have been a subject of research for more than 3 decades. Gel dosimetry with optical computed tomography (CT) scanning using visible light wavelengths has been under investigation and development for much of this time. A lack of clinical uptake of the systems developed to date suggests that there are deficiencies or unappealing aspects, such as optical CT scanner maintenance and reliance upon optical expertise. Dosimetric accuracy of these systems also requires improvement, closer to accepted clinical dosimeters. In this work it was postulated that an optical CT scanner could be developed that is more efficient, practical and accurate than those demonstrated previously. This would address key aspects relating to clinical appeal. A specific application of stereotactic radiosurgery was targeted, where small dose distributions are delivered with high spatial accuracy to cranial tumours. Improvements in the practicality and efficiency of optical CT scanning were initially sought by elimination of the need for a refractive index (RI) matching fluid bath for scanning gel dosimeter samples. Optical simulations were used to investigate and identify suitable optical geometry that would enable fluid-less scanning for tomographic reconstruction. A prototype fluid-less optical CT scanner was constructed and the proof of concept was demonstrated using ferrous xylenol orange gel (FXG). The next phase of work was to develop the dosimetry system further, striving for dosimetric accuracy. The properties of the FXG dosimeter were studied by characterising the dose response, dose development, ion diffusion and thermochromism. The scanner was refined by addressing imaging artefacts, the addition of a reference detector and the development of a cuvette based dose calibration procedure. Standard procedures for gel manufacturing and handling, and for optical CT operation were developed to improve reproducibility of results. The system’s performance was assessed and its utility was demonstrated in the clinical application of linac radiosurgery and was also extended to brachytherapy 192Ir source verifications. Further improvements of system practicality and measurement quality were proposed by the concept of dual wavelength scanning. A second laser of a different wavelength could provide reference scan data instead of pre-irradiation scans. This would give a single scan procedure for greater practicality and could improve measurement quality by avoiding scan to scan artefacts. Dual wavelength feasibility was first investigated by revisiting optical simulations and the development of a design incorporating a second laser. Through the addition of the second wavelength further insights were gained into optical artefacts and image quality improvements were realised. An alternative calibration method using a reconstructed test pattern was compared to the cuvette method and resulted in improvements of calibration accuracy for dual wavelength scanning. The dual wavelength scanner dosimetry system was tested and benchmarked using a range of test irradiations, with comparison to reference dosimeters. This culminated in a true 3D dosimetry solution for radiotherapy dose verifications with accuracy of the order of 1 %, together with practical and efficient optical readout for clinical use.
Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2018
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Campbell, Warren Gerard. "Readout of polymer gel dosimeters using a prototype fan-beam optical computed tomography scanner." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5982.

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New radiation therapy (RT) techniques for treating cancer are continually under development. Our ability to demonstrate the safe and accurate implementation of new RT treatment techniques is dependent on the information provided by current dosimetric tools. Advanced dosimetric tools will become increasingly necessary as treatments become more complex. This work examines the readout of an advanced dosimeter --- the polyacrylamide, gelatin, and tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (PAGAT) dosimeter --- using a prototype fan-beam optical computed tomography (CT) scanner. A number of developments sought to improve the performance of the optical CT device. A new fan-creation method (laser diode module) and new matching tank were introduced. Artefact removal techniques were developed to remove flask seam artefacts and ring artefacts via sinogram space. A flask registration technique was established to achieve reproducible placement of flasks in the optical CT scanner. A timing-correction technique was implemented to allow for the scanning of continuously rotating samples. A number of experiments examined factors related to the PAGAT dosimeter. Comparisons of post-irradiation scans to pre-irradiation scans improved dosimeter readout quality. Changes to the PAGAT dosimeter cooling/scanning routine provided further improvements to dosimeter readout. Evaluations of calibration curves showed that a linear calibration curve was less capable of describing PAGAT dose response than a quadratic calibration curve. Intra-gel calibration using another dose distribution was shown to be no less accurate than self calibration, but inter-gel calibrations saw a statistically significant increase in absolute readout errors. A set of investigations examined how optical CT scanning protocols affected readout quality for PAGAT dosimeters. Doubling the dose delivered to the dosimeter doubled the signal-to-noise ratio. Acquiring and averaging additional light profiles at each projection angle provided only slight reductions in readout noise. Sampling a higher number of projection angles provided substantial reductions in readout noise. Those reductions in readout noise were not lost when sinograms with many projections were encapsulated into sinograms of fewer projection angles. Detector element binning (sinogram space) and pixel binning (image space) also provided substantial reductions in readout noise. None of these elements of the scanning protocol had statistically significant effects on readout errors. Finally, distinct imaging artefacts seen throughout this work were shown to be caused by radiation-induced refractive index changes in PAGAT dosimeters. Radiation-induced refraction (RIR) artefacts result when dose gradients caused the refraction of fan-beam raylines towards high dose regions. A filtering technique was developed to remove RIR artefacts in sinogram space, but this technique caused substantial blurring to the measured dose distribution.
Graduate
0760
0756
0752
warreng1983@gmail.com
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Ho, Ching-Ju, and 何靜茹. "Development of a new type optical CT scanner by using a collimated single laser line with uniform flat-top illumination." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33270657835254850957.

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碩士
國立臺北教育大學
自然科學教育學系碩士班
98
ABSTRACT As radiation therapy technology advances, measurements of 1-D and 2-D dose distributions are insufficient to meet the clinical requirements. 3-D dose distributions of gel dosimeter has been widely developed and emphasized to replace traditional technique. The purpose of this study is to establish an optical scanner via parallel laser source system to read 3-D dose distributions. This work exploited a solid-state laser line projector with uniform flat-top illumination from Stocker Yale, coupled with two spherical lens to redistribute the 90 degree sector-shaped laser source into a collimated light. Stepper motors controlled the vertical translations and rotations of the gel cylinder and the scanning data was recorded by a CCD camera. A collimated laser was utilized as the light source of optical scanner in the experiment so that only vertical translations and rotations but the horizontal translations are required for cylinder-shaped gel dosimeter to complete a 3-D scan. However, the line width of the system is only 20mm, which cannot be a referenced light intensity signal in real time to assemble and reconstruct the scanning information. Hence, this work focuses on the analysis of parallelism, stability, and spatial intensity distribution of the collimated laser light source. Results show that the width of the collimated light source is 20mm, the parallelism of the light source is less than 0.045 degree, the spatial intensity distribution ranges between 14.1%~15.7%, and the repeatability of the intensity distribution of light is within 4.8%.
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Campbell, Warren G. "Development of a fan-beam optical computed tomography scanner for three-dimensional dosimetry." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3036.

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The current state of a prototype fan-beam optical computed tomography scanner for three-dimensional radiation dosimetry has been presented. The system uses a helium-neon laser and a line-generating lens for fan-beam creation. Five photodiode arrays form an approximate arc detector array of 320-elements. Two options of physical collimators provide two levels of scatter-rejection: single-slot (SS) and multi-hole (MH). A pair of linear polarizers has been introduced as a means of light intensity modulation. This work examined: (i) the characterization of system components, (ii) data acquisition & imaging protocols, and (iii) the scanning of an nPAG dosimeter. (i): The polarizer-pair method of light intensity modulation has been calibrated and the polarization sensitivity of the detector array was evaluated. The relationship between detected values and both light intensity and photodiode integration time was examined. This examination indicated the need for an offset correction to treat all data acquired by the system. Data corruption near the edges of each photodiode array was found to cause ring artefacts in image reconstructions. Two methods of extending the dynamic range of the system---via integration time and light intensity---were presented. The use of master absorbent solutions and spectrophotometric data allowed for the preparation of absorption-based and scatter-based samples of known opacities. This ability allowed for the evaluation of the relative scatter-rejection capabilities of the system's two collimators. The MH collimator accurately measured highly-attenuating solutions of both absorption-based and scatter-based agents. The SS collimator experienced some contamination by scattered light with absorption-based agents, and significant contamination with scatter-based agents. Also, using the SS collimator, a `spiking' artefact was observed in highly-attenuating samples of both solution types. (ii): A change in imaging protocol has been described that greatly reduces ring artefacts that plagued the system previously. Scanning parameters related to the reference scan (Io) and data acquisition were evaluated with respect to image noise. Variations in flask imperfections were found to be a significant source of noise. (iii): An nPAG dosimeter was prepared, planned for, irradiated, and imaged using the fan-beam system. In addition to ring artefacts caused by data-corruption, refractive inhomogeneities and particulates in the gelatin were found to cause errors in image reconstructions. Otherwise, contour and percent depth dose comparisons between measured and expected values showed good agreement. Findings have indicated that significant imaging gains may be achieved by performing pre-irradiation and post-irradiation scans of dosimeters.
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Books on the topic "Optical CT scanner"

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Stirrup, James, Michelle Williams, Russell Bull, and Ed Nicol, eds. Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198809272.001.0001.

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Recent years have seen a marked increase in cardiovascular computed tomography (CT) imaging, with the technique now integrated into many imaging guidelines, including those published by NICE. Rapid clinical and technological progress has created a need for guidance on the practical aspects of CT image acquisition, analysis, and interpretation. The Oxford Specialist Handbook of Cardiovascular CT, now revised for the second edition by practising international experts with many years of hands-on experience, is designed to fulfil this need. The handbook is a practical guide on performing, analysing, and interpreting cardiovascular CT scans, covering all aspects from patient safety to optimal image acquisition to differential diagnoses of tricky images. The format is designed to be accessible and is laid out in easy to navigate sections. It is meant as a quick-reference guide, to live near the CT scanner, workstation, or on the office shelf.
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Narayana, Shalini, Babak Saboury, Andrew B. Newberg, Andrew C. Papanicolaou, and Abass Alavi. Positron Emission Tomography. Edited by Andrew C. Papanicolaou. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764228.013.8.

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging method that utilizes compounds labeled with positron-emitting radioisotopes as molecular probes to evaluate different neurophysiological processes quantitatively and noninvasively. This chapter provides a background regarding positron emission, radiotracer chemistry, and detector and scanner instrumentation, as well as analytical methods for evaluating basic brain physiology, such as cerebral blood flow and oxygen and glucose metabolism. The methodological aspects of PET imaging, such as patient preparation and optimal scanning parameters, are discussed. Examples of application of blood flow and metabolic imaging in both research and clinical scenarios for the evaluation of normal neurophysiology are provided. Recent advances in PET imaging, including PET-CT and PET-MRI, are also described. Finally, the unique strengths of PET imaging are highlighted.
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Book chapters on the topic "Optical CT scanner"

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Wann, L. Samuel. "Stress X-Ray Computed Tomography." In Ellestad's Stress Testing, edited by Gregory S. Thomas, L. Samuel Wann, and Myrvin H. Ellestad, 344–46. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190225483.003.0018.

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The chapter Stress X-Ray Computed Tomography reviews the history of cardiac computed tomography (CT) including electron beam and multidetector CT. After a brief history of CT, the chapter examines the opportunities and challenges of the use of electron beam and multidetector CT in the assessment of myocardial perfusion imaging. The practical use of multidetector CT at this time is for anatomic evaluation of epicardial coronary stenoses and pathology, assessment of coronary calcification, and increasing of a noninvasive assessment of fractional flow reserve. Limitations include the need to precisely time multiple CT scans with intravenous contrast injection; multidetector CT’s acute sensitivity to motion artifacts, requiring the latest generation CT scanners for optimal results; and, despite its excellent spatial resolution, the resolution of iodinated contrast in the myocardium as a measure of perfusion is suboptimal.
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"Difficult scenarios." In Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, edited by James Stirrup, Russell Bull, Michelle Williams, and Ed Nicol, 111–24. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198809272.003.0009.

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This chapter describes difficult scenarios in CT scanning and general methods of avoiding or minimizing potential problems. Acquisition of high-quality images in coronary CTA requires a regular heart rate. Optimal image quality is achieved with contemporary MSCT scanners at heart rates under 60 bpm. Prospectively gated acquisitions are particularly dependent on a regular heart rate, and artefact, and mis-registration of data will inevitably occur in the presence of cardiac dysrhythmias. It also describes difficulties in obtaining scans in morbidly obese patients and children.
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Jesu Vedha Nayahi J. and Gokulakrishnan K. "Medical Image Classification." In Medical Image Processing for Improved Clinical Diagnosis, 59–80. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5876-7.ch003.

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Diagnosis of diseases at the right stage with optimal accuracy is a significant requirement in the medical field. Apart from diagnosis from clinical symptoms, diagnosis based on scanned images of both internal and external organs is playing a vital role in understanding the severity of the disease. Classification is a field of study derived from artificial intelligence, and today it is widely used in medical image classification. These techniques are used to classify the different stages of a disease or different variant diseases possible in an organ from different types of input images such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), x-ray, fundus images, iris images, etc. Various preprocessing techniques are used to select the relevant features from the input image to form the feature set. The classifiers are trained using the feature set to generate models. The generated models can be optimized to improve the performance. Various metrics such as accuracy, coverage, precision, recall, and FMeasure are used to measure the accuracy.
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Conference papers on the topic "Optical CT scanner"

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Pauwels, B., P. Bruyndonckx, X. Liu, A. Tapfer, A. Velroyen, A. Yaroshenko, M. Bech, F. Pfeiffer, and A. Sasov. "First small-animal in-vivo phase-contrast micro-CT scanner." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Stuart R. Stock. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.929567.

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Sasov, Alexander, and Daniel Dewaele. "High-resolution in-vivo micro-CT scanner for small animals." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Ulrich Bonse. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.452844.

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Cesareo, Roberto, Antonio Brunetti, Cesare C. Borlino, and Bruno Golosio. "A CT-scanner for transmission, scattering, and fluorescent radiation imaging." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Ulrich Bonse. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.452857.

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Bones, Philip J., Anthony P. H. Butler, J. Paul Ronaldson, and Alex M. T. Opie. "Development of a CT scanner based on the Medipix family of detectors." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Stuart R. Stock. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.862166.

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Jorgensen, Steven M., Denise A. Reyes, Carolyn A. MacDonald, and Erik L. Ritman. "Micro-CT scanner with a focusing polycapillary x-ray optic." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Ulrich Bonse. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.363717.

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Jorgensen, Steven M., Michael S. Chmelik, Diane R. Eaker, Carolyn A. MacDonald, and Erik L. Ritman. "A polycapillary x-ray optics-based integrated micro-SPECT/CT scanner." In Optical Science and Technology, the SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, edited by Ulrich Bonse. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.560991.

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Flores-Mancera, M. A., and G. Massillon-JL. "Characterization of a high-resolution optical CT scanner for 3D gel dosimetry." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE XVI MEXICAN SYMPOSIUM ON MEDICAL PHYSICS. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0051248.

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Gafford, Joshua, and Johannes Schneider. "Mechanical Design and Fabrication of a Low-Cost, Modular, Mobile Gantry for Non-Invasive Medical Applications." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47027.

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This paper details the design and development of a low-cost, human-sized, mobile, mechanical gantry for potential use in non-invasive medical imaging procedures. The gantry features two independently-actuated aluminum rings, each capable of supporting a variety of different medical instruments. The gantry described herein was designed to integrate with an existing flat-panel Volume Computed Tomography (CT) scanner to create a hybrid Optical Tomography/Computed Tomography setup to facilitate image coregistration. However, the gantry also has potential utility in MRI coregistration, low-cost CT, laser therapy, and any other applications that necessitate precise, stepwise 360-degree rotary motion around a patient. The total production cost for the gantry, including stock, labor, and assembly, was ∼$15,000. Preliminary tests show that the gantry in open-loop has a positional repeatability to within 70 μm.
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Setlur, Anant. "Sintered Ceramics for Lighting and Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanners." In Advances in Optical Materials. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aiom.2011.aithc1.

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Vogelpoth, Andreas, Johannes Henrich Schleifenbaum, and Silja Rittinghaus. "Laser Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Aluminides for Turbomachinery Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90947.

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Abstract The defect-free processing of TiAl alloy TNM™-B1 by means of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is demonstrated by manufacturing of an automobile turbocharger wheel. Similar precision cast material was used as reference. TNM™-B1 was manufactured crack free with a density > 99.5% using elevated process temperatures above the brittle-to-ductile transient temperature (BDTT). The preheating temperature was provided by an induction preheating system. To minimize oxygen pick up during the LPBF process, the process atmosphere was actively cleaned using a gas-purification system. Produced test samples were analyzed in as-built and heat-treated condition regarding density, micro structure and phases by means of a Light Optical Microscope (LOM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Micro hardness was measured according to Vickers. Oxidation measurements were performed by means of carrier-gas hot extraction. Mechanical properties were determined using room temperature tensile tests. The final automobile turbocharger wheel was analyzed for defects using a Micro-Computer Tomography scanner (MCT). Besides bulk test samples, thin-walled specimens can be manufactured with sufficient density. Depending on the process parameters, an oxygen content < 1000 ppm could be reached. The as-built microstructure consists of lamellar (α2+γ) colonies and nearly globular γ as well as β/β0 at the grain boundaries. High cooling rates in the magnitude of 105 to 106 K/s provide small grain sizes of 1–7 μm. Hardness measurements reveal an increased hardness (515-560HV0.3) compared to cast material (390HV0.3). Samples for tensile tests show tensile strength around 840 MPa and a total elongation of 1.1% for LPBF-manufactured and hot isostatic pressed (HIP) samples. The CT analysis of the turbocharger wheel confirms that complex geometries made of TiAl can be additively manufactured free of cracks.
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