Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Optical centres in solids'
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Brocklesby, W. S. "Laser spectroscopy of defect centres in solids." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376886.
Full textMechernene, Lahcène. "Comportement des centres colores dans les fluorines sous l'effet d'irradiations lumineuses intenses : realisation d'un laser a centres "f::(2a") dans le fluorure de strontium dope au sodium." Caen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CAEN2013.
Full textDoualan, Jean-Louis. "Lasers a centres colores pompes par un flash ou par une diode laser." Caen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CAEN2030.
Full textBroomfield, Seth Emlyn. "Picosecond optical studies of solids." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253303.
Full textBen, Taher Azza. "Strong Optical Field Ionization of Solids." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37151.
Full textTaylor, R. A. "Picosecond time-resolved optical studies of solids." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355798.
Full textGilmartin, Mark G. M. "Optical spectroscopy of the (F⁺²)H centre in alkali halide crystals." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278445.
Full textThaller, Kristian. "Optical cooling of solids and Laguerre-Gaussian mode generation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/336048/.
Full textMai, Thuc T. "Optical spectroscopy of cooperative phenomena and their symmetries in solids." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555629359625425.
Full textDahwich, Amad. "Spectroscopic studies of interstitial-related optical centres in synthetic diamond." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414680.
Full textKazmi, Syed Sibghat Ullah. "Optical spectroscopy and susceptibility studies of magnetic dimers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252735.
Full textZhang, Jianhong. "Control of Electronic Coupling and Optical Properties in Quantum Dot Solids." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-122201.
Full textXia, Jing. "Optical studies of broken time-reversal symmetry in solids using Sagnac interferometry /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Full textShelley, Paul H. "Optical low coherence reflectometry for process analysis /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8666.
Full textAnn, De Bry Beth. "Optical spectroscopy of organic thin films at the air-water interface." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30405.
Full textBrewer, Tim M. "The glow discharge - a multifaceted optical emission source from solids analysis to metalloproteins /." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1181251765/.
Full textCatlow, Brendan. "The determination of infrared optical constants of some liquids and thin-film solids." Thesis, Durham University, 1986. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7107/.
Full textKagan, Cherie R. 1969. "The electronic and optical properties of close packed cadmium selenide quantum dot solids." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10603.
Full textChao, Karl 1960. "Modulated emittance spectroscopy." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276977.
Full textLarochelle, Christie L. "Optical Studies of Layered Inorganic Solids: A Novel Phase Transition and Energy Transfer Studies." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LarochelleCL2001.pdf.
Full textDlugocz, Stephen, and Klaus-Dieter Becker. "Investigating diffusion processes in solids under in situ conditions using high-temperature optical spectroscopy." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-186728.
Full textDlugocz, Stephen, and Klaus-Dieter Becker. "Investigating diffusion processes in solids under in situ conditions using high-temperature optical spectroscopy." Diffusion fundamentals 12 (2010) 35, 2010. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13880.
Full textJaruwatanadilok, Sermsak. "Optical wave propagation and imaging in descrete random media /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5839.
Full textSeachman, Steven M. "Application of a reflective optical probe to measure solids fractions in a circulating fluidized bed." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4988.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 97 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-74).
Sontheimer, Bernd. "Characterization and Utilization of Novel Solid-State Quantum Emitters." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21465.
Full textIn this thesis, single atomic defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are characterized and possible applications are shown, which take advantage of the outstanding optical properties found. Such optically active point defects in semiconductors hold the promise of scalable and stable single-photon sources, which are needed for a variety of future applications in quantum information technology or for precision measurements. The interest of the scientific community is correspondingly high, which is also reflected in the number of defect systems investigated. The special feature of the system presented here is on the one hand the two-dimensionality of the semiconductor host crystal and on the other hand the enormous brightness of the emitter, which is reflected in up to six million photons per second detected with a microscope. In addition, the stability of the emitter at room temperature and the narrow spectral width motivate a profound analysis of this new addition to the emitter zoo.
Bramwell, Steven Thomas. "Neutron scattering, magnetometry and optical spectroscopy of Rbâ†2CrClâ†4, Rbâ†2CrClâ†3Br, Rbâ†2CrClâ†2Brâ†2 and Rbâ†2CrClâ†2Iâ†2." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279833.
Full textROSSI, WAGNER de. "Construcao e operacao de lasers de neodimio: estudo do comportamento temporal." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1995. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10435.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06043.pdf: 11141670 bytes, checksum: 6dd9b63e574d6cd26d0271a82c9dd0ef (MD5)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Tkachenko, Victor [Verfasser], and Beata [Akademischer Betreuer] Ziaja-Motyka. "Transient optical properties as a signature of structural changes within FEL irradiated solids / Victor Tkachenko ; Betreuer: Beata Ziaja-Motyka." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1140166808/34.
Full textTkachenko, Victor Verfasser], and Beata [Akademischer Betreuer] [Ziaja-Motyka. "Transient optical properties as a signature of structural changes within FEL irradiated solids / Victor Tkachenko ; Betreuer: Beata Ziaja-Motyka." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1140166808/34.
Full textLaguta, Oleksii. "Magneto-optical investigations of Bismuth-doped silica glasses." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10082/document.
Full textBismuth-doped silica glasses are interesting due to the promising applications in fiber lasers and amplifiers for the communication purposes. Unfortunately, the nature of the optical active centre(s) in such glasses is still a subject of intense debuts.Magneto-optical methods of spectroscopy are very powerful tools for the investigation of paramagnetic centres in condensed matters. In this thesis, the magnetic circular dichroism, magnetic circular polarization of luminescence and optically detected magnetic resonance techniques were implemented to investigate Bi-doped silica glasses. Together with the methods of the conventional optical spectroscopy, we demonstrate the coexistence of at least two types of optical centres in a Bi-doped silica glass without other co-dopants and three types in a Bi-doped aluminosilicate glass. The analysis of experimental data revealed that all centres originate from systems with an even number of electrons (or holes). Two centres were identified as Bi+ ion and some defect in the glass network that interact via the energy transfer processes. The third centre is assigned to the clusters of Bi ions and it was observed only in the highly doped aluminosilicate sample. For the first time, we showed experimentally that the lasing related near-infrared luminescence is caused by a forbidden transition from the first excited state of the defect centre
Benyahya, Kaoutar. "Mode group division multiplexing for short reach optical communications." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S117.
Full textThe ever-growing demand of data traffic will be fuelled by revolutionary technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and Internet of things (IoT). Therefore, optical networks should support the requirements of these services in terms of high capacity, low latency and high reliability. In fact, large scale capacity is a critical need for fiber optic communication systems deployed in local area networks as well as in datacenters. For both applications, systems relying on intensity modulation and direct detection (IMDD) are highly demanded due to their low cost and compatibility with short range applications. In this thesis, we address the need of increasing the data rates for short reach optical communication systems based on mode group division multiplexing and direct detection schemes. Firstly, we focus on increasing the capacity of already deployed standard multimode fibers in local area networks and intra-datacenters communication where the distance is shorter than 5 km. Secondly, we extend our solution to longer reach applications such as inter-datacenter interconnects. In both cases, optical link architectures, including transmitters, receivers and the optical fibers are analysed. Moreover, modulation formats adapted to IMDD systems such as single carrier 4-PAM and multicarrier DMT are compared in the context of space division multiplexing transmission. In this work we demonstrated the achievable benefit of mode group multiplexing combined with IMDD schemes. First, 5 Tb/s has been achieved over 2.2 km of conventional multimode fiber (OM2). Secondly, transmission record at the corresponding time of its realization of 14.5 Tb/s over OM2 fiber is demonstrated. Finally, 200 Gb/s over 20 km of FMF has been achieved which extend the benefit of mode group multiplexing to longer reach applications compared to LAN and intra-datacenter where the maximum distance is limited to 5 km
Denis, Arnaud. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du chauffage par rayonnement infrarouge de polymères semi-cristallins : influence des centres diffusants." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES045.
Full textMinakhmetov, Artur. "Cross-layer hybrid and optical packet switching." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IPPAT006.
Full textTransparent optical telecommunication networks constitute a development step from all-electronic networks. Current data network technologies already actively employ optical fibers and transparent networks in the core, metro, and residential area networks. However, these networks still rely on Electronic Packet Switching (EPS) for packets routing, constituting obligatory for each packet optical-to-electronic-to-optical (OEO) signal conversion. On the other hand, Optical Packet Switching (OPS), seemed to be as replacement of EPS, has long promised performance and energy consumption improvements by going away from OEO conversions; however, the absence of practical optical buffers made OPS highly vulnerable to contention, incurring performance reduction, and getting in the way of profiting from OPS gains. The subject of this research lies in the investigation of the performance of OPS networks under all-optical and hybrid switches, while server-side transmission activities are regulated by Transport Control Protocols based on Congestion Control Algorithms (TCP CCAs). We consider that OPS could be enabled by use hybrid switch, i.e. device-level solution, as well by use of specially designed TCP CCAs, i.e. networklevel solution, giving birth to Hybrid Optical Packet Switching (HOPS) networks. We extensively study OPS, HOPS and EPS types of Data Center Networks (DCN) coupled with different TCP CCAs use by following the next three axes of DCN performance: Throughput, Energy Consumption, and Latency. As for TCP CCAs we consider not only existing but also newly developed solutions. If Stop-And-Wait (SAW), Selective Acknowledgment (SACK), modified SACK (mSACK) and Data Center TCP (DCTCP) are already known to the world, StopAnd-Wait-Longer (SAWL) is newly presented and is designed to bring the best out of the HOPS DCN. As a result, it is shown that hybrid switch solutions significantly outperform bufferless all-optical switches and reach the level of all-electronic switches in DCNs in terms of throughput. In terms of energy consumption, hybrid solutions can save up to 4 times on energy on switching compared to all-electronic solutions. As well HOPS DCNs can exhibit microseconds-scale average latencies, surpassing EPS and performing on the level with OPS. The question of the introduction of Classes of Service to HOPS DCN is also investigated: it was found that class-specific switching rules to hybrid switch can ameliorate the performance of certain classes without almost performance loss in others
Mestre, Adrover Miquel Angel. "Data center optical networks : short- and long-term solutions." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0022/document.
Full textData centers are becoming increasingly important and ubiquitous, ranging from large server farms dedicated to various tasks such as data processing, computing, data storage or the combination thereof, to small distributed server farms. The spread of cloud services is driving a relentless increase of traffic demand in datacenters, which is doubling every 12 to 15 months. Along this thesis we study the evolution of data center networks and present short- and long-term solutions for their physical intra-connection. Today, rapidly-growing traffic in data centers spotlights the urgent need for high-speed low-cost interfaces capable to cope with hungry-bandwidth demanding new applications. Thereby, in the short-term we propose novel high-datarate low-cost optical transceivers enabling up to 200 Gb/s transmission using intensity-modulation and direct-detection schemes. Several advanced pulse amplitude modulation schemes are explored while increasing speeds towards record symbol-rates, as high as 100 GBd. High-speed electrical signaling is enabled by an integrated selector-power digital-to- analog converter, capable of doubling input baud-rates while outputting advance multi-level pulse amplitude modulations. Notwithstanding, data centers’ global traffic will continue increasing incessantly. Current datacenters rely on high-radix all-electronic Ethernet switches to build an interconnecting network capable to pave with such vast amount of traffic. In such architecture, traffic growth directly relates to an increase of networking components, including switches with higher port-count, interfaces and cables. Unsustainable cost and energy consumption that can be expected in the future calls for a network reassessment. Therefore, we subsequently present a novel concept for intra-datacenter networks called burst optical slot switching (BOSS); in which servers are connected via BOSS nodes through wavelength- and time-division multiplexed fiber rings organized in a Torus topology. Along this thesis we investigate on the implementation of BOSS nodes; in particular, the switching fabric and the optical transceivers. The main element within the switching fabric is the slot blocker, which is capable of erasing any packet of any wavelength in a nanosecond time-scale. On the one hand, we explore the use of semiconductor optical amplifiers as means of gating element to be used within the slot blocker and study their cascadability. On the other hand we develop a monolithically integrated slot blocker capable of handling up to sixteen wavelength channels with dual-polarization diversity. Then we present several transceiver architectures and study their performances. Transceivers’ signaling needs to fulfill two main requirements: packet-mode operation, i.e. being capable of recovering few microsecond –long bursts; and resiliency to tight filtering, which occurs when cascading many nodes (e.g. up to 100). First we build packet-mode Nyquist-pulse-shaped N-QAM transceivers, which adapt the modulation format as a function of the number of nodes to traverse. Later we propose the use of coherent-optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM). With inherent packet structure and high spectral tailoring capabilities, we demonstrate that CO-OFDM-based transceivers offer higher capacity and enhanced reach than its Nyquist counterpart. Finally, we compare our BOSS solution to today’s Folded Clos topology, and show that our BOSS architecture requires x400 fewer transponders and cables than today’s electronic switching networks, which paves the way to highly scalable and sustainable datacenters
Schmechel, Roland. "Einfluß von Strukturstörungen auf die optischen und elektronischen Eigenschaften von borreichen Festkörpern mit Ikosaederstruktur - Influence of structure defects on optical and electronic properties of icosahedral boron rich solids." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2001. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-06012001-114802/.
Full textMandray, Ariane. "Etude magnéto-optique de centres D- confinés dans des multi-puits quantiques GaAs/AlGaAs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10075.
Full textHong, Ji-Ping. "Contribution a l'etude de la reorientation limitee des centres f : :(a)(ii) dans un cristal de kcl:li." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066172.
Full textPedicini, Anthony F. "Investigations into structure and properties of atomically-precise transition metal-chalcogenide clusters of CrTe and ligated Cr6Te8(PEt3)6." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4963.
Full textYukihara, Eduardo Gardenali. "Desvendando a cor e a termoluminescência do topázio: um estudo dos defeitos e processos termicamente e opticamente estimulados no cristal natural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43131/tde-16012012-102949/.
Full textTopaz [Al2SiO4(F,OH)2] is most frequently found in nature in the colourless form, from which blue gems have been commercially produced applying colour enhancement treatments with ionising radiation followed by annealing. Topaz also exhibits relatively intense thermoluminescence (or thermally stimulated luminescence), which is the light emitted by previously irradiated materials during heating and represents the basis for application of many natural and artificial crystals in dosimetry and dating. In the last forty years, a period of intense study of plenty thermoluminescent materials, results on the thermoluminescence of topaz have seldom been reported and, in spite of some efforts to understand the colour of the crystal, the defects participating both in the mechanism of thermoluminescence emission and in the commercially successful colour enhancement treatments are not well identified. In this work the thermoluminescence properties of topaz and its relation to the process of colour production using ionising radiation were studied. Thermoluminescence was investigated with three main objectives: basic characterisation, determination of its suitability for dosimetric applications and as a tool for studying the relaxation processes in the solid. In order to understand the processes occurring in the crystal and to determine the possible defects involved, in addition to thermoluminescence, the material was also studied using the following techniques: optical absorption, photoluminescence, electron paramagnetic resonance, thermally stimulated conductivity, optically stimulated luminescence and conductivity, X-ray fluorescence, etc. Based on the experimental results and on the numerical solution of the rate equations for a multiple trap interactive system, we propose a model of thermoluminescence which is able to explain most of the properties observed in the crystal as, for example, the linear-supralinear-saturation dose response of thermoluminescence and the absence of sensitisation, the particular dose response of the thermally stimulated conductivity, the kinetic of colour formation, the thermal stability of colour, etc. Besides, the correlation between the electron paramagnetic resonance, optical absorption and thermoluminescence results suggest that the defects AlO44-, Ti3+ and PO44- are involved in the mechanism of colour production and in the thermoluminescence.
Garnier, Nicolas. "Spectroscopie dans l'état excité des ions terres-rares Nd3+ et Tm3+ et fonctionnement laser multilongueur d'onde du YAG : Nd3+." Saint-Etienne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STET4020.
Full textHachimi, Azzedine. "Centres colores dans caf::(2) et srf::(2) dopes par des ions alcalins : cristallogenese, spectroscopie, duree de vie de l'etat excite relaxe." Caen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CAEN2028.
Full textPanapakkam, Venkatesan Vivek. "Optical frequency comb generation using InP based quantum-dash/ quantum-well single section mode-locked lasers." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0024/document.
Full textThe increasing demand for high capacity, low cost, high compact and energy efficient optical transceivers for data center interconnects requires new technological solutions. In terms of transmitters, optical frequency combs generating a large number of phase coherent optical carriers are attractive solutions for next generation datacenter interconnects, and along with wavelength division multiplexing and advanced modulation formats can demonstrate unprecedented transmission capacities. In the framework of European project BIG PIPES (Broadband Integrated and Green Photonic Interconnects for High-Performance Computing and Enterprise Systems), this thesis investigates the generation of optical frequency combs using single-section mode-locked lasers based on InAs/InP Quantum-Dash and InGaAsP/InP Quantum-Well semiconductor nanostructures. These novel light sources, based on new active layer structures and cavity designs are extensively analyzed to meet the requirements of the project. Comprehensive investigation of amplitude and phase noise of these optical frequency comb sources is performed with advanced measurement techniques, to evaluate the feasibility of their use in high data rate transmission systems. Record Multi-Terabit per second per chip capacities and reasonably low energy per bit consumption are readily demonstrated, making them well suited for next generation datacenter interconnects
Berthel, Martin. "Plasmonique classique et quantique sous pointe optique par microscopie en champ proche." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY001/document.
Full textOn a metal surface, visible light can couple with surface free electrons to form a very interesting quasi-particle, the surface plasmon-polariton. The main property of this object is to be evanescent in the directions perpendicular to the surface. This feature makes the plasmon ideally suited to transport electromagnetic information in two dimensions and on a sub-wavelength scale. If it is excited by a quantum source, it retains this quantum aspect of the signal, even if millions of electrons are involved in its propagation.In this manuscript, I present the experimental and theoretical results obtained during my PhD in surface plasmonics. By combining the use of nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers in nanodiamonds, which are single photon emitters, and of a scanning near field optical microscope (SNOM), I was able to study numerous properties of the NV center and surface plasmons, both in the classical and quantum regimes.In particular, I have performed a complete study of the internal photo-dynamics of the NV center in different excitation regimes. Moreover, I have studied the leakage radiation microscopy, a dedicated imaging mode in plasmonics , by highlighting some optical aberrations that can arise in conditions of optical index mismatch. Furthermore, I have ran spatio-temporal correlation measurements on surface plasmons excited by NV centers with a specific experimental system I implemented.Finally, I describe in the manuscript the very first studies of the interaction between plasmons and different elliptical and parabolic cavities milled in the metal. This has led to the measurements of the plasmonic local density of states
Ccallata, Henry Sixto Javier. "Propriedades de ressonância paramagnética eletrônica, de absorção óptica e termoluminescência do cristal de zoisita natural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-01072010-141132/.
Full textNatural zoisite from the locality of Teófilo Otoni in the state of Minas Gerais - Brazil was investigated utilizing the techniques of thermoluminescence (TL), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption (OA). Natural as well as gamma irradiated zoisite exhibited TL peaks at 130, 150, 265, 350 and 435 ºC with an overlap of one peak with the other. Crystal structure of zoisite was found to be little affected by heat treatments in the range 500 - 900 °C. Deconvolution analysis has shown nine TL peaks at 135, 155, 175, 200, 225, 255, 285, 320 and 360 ºC. High TL sensitization has been observed for heat treated samples at 600 and 700 °C. The TL emission spectrum has shown a strong band around 310 nm and a weak one at 270 nm indicating the existence of two recombination centers, the first one due to aluminum and second one to titanium are involved in the TL process. Heat treated zoisite at 600 ºC exhibited high TL sensitivity of all TL peaks up 300 ºC. This feature indicates that zoisite can be a strong candidate for applications in UV dosimetry. The TL response of zoisite to beta rays and 1.4 MeV accelerated electrons is similar to that of gamma rays, with the exception that the electrons produced a 110 ºC peak. This peak was not seen under gamma irradiation. The EPR spectrum has shown the typical Mn2+ six hyperfine lines around g = 2.0. 1/ 2 to +1/ 2 transition line of the Fe3+ ion in an octahedral environment is also seen and the Mn2+ lines are overlapped by the Fe3+ line. On the other hand, most significant results have been observed in the low magnetic field region. Cr3+ lines are seen in the 800 - 1500 Gauss region and lines attributable to Fe3+ ion are observed in the 1500 - 2000 Gauss region. Both ions are under strong axial component of the crystal field (CF), where 4A2 state is split in two doublets mS = ±1/2 and mS = ±3/2. The crystal field parameters, Delta = 15100 cm-1, B = 739.5 cm-1 and Dq/B = 2.19 were calculated from the allowed spin transitions 4A2 -- 4T1 and 4A2 -- 4T2 of the Cr3+ ion in the visible region. The lifting of the 4T2 level was attributed to the lower polyhedron symmetry Al(Cr)-O and to the forbidden spin transition 4A2 -- 2T1; this suggests a substitution of Al3+ by Cr3+ ion at the site known as M3 in the structure of zoisite. Absorption bands due to OH and water molecule have been identified in the near infrared region. These bands have been found to be stable up to 800 ºC heat treatment and gamma doses up to 50 kGy. A model for the observed TL emission has been proposed based on the thermal annealing behaviour Al, Ti and E1 centers.
Dumas, feris Barbara Pilar. "Réseaux optiques en mode paquet pour les connexions internes à un centre de données." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0057/document.
Full textData-center energy consumption is nowadays a major issue. Intra-data-center networking accounts almost for a quarter of the data-center total power consumption. Optical switching technologies could provide higher power efficiency than current solutions based on electrical-packet switching. This work focuses on optical-packet-switched networks for small- and medium-size data centers. It takes part of the EPOC (Energy-Proportional and Opportunistic Computing) project, which main interest consists on reducing the overall power consumption of a data center partially powered by renewable sources. A key assumption is that our data center does not rely on a dedicated storage network, in order to reduce the consumption of those interconnections. In addition, with the aim of being able to turn off some servers according to the workload and the available energy, the bit rate must be close to 100 Gbit/s. We have chosen, after studying the state of the art of data-center interconnects, a purely passive network architecture based on fast-wavelength-tunable transmitters under the name of POPI.We study POPI's limitations due to its components (insertion loss, tuning range and channel spacing). We then propose an extension called E-POPI that allows to increase the number of connected servers by using several transmission bands. For larger data centers, we propose POPI+, a two-stage infrastructure for intra- and inter-rack communications operating in the C and L bands, respectively. The connection between both stages is done via a transparent gateway in one direction and an opaque one in the other. We discuss different control solutions for both stages.The feasibility of these architectures depends on, among other factors, dealing with bit-rate increasing and power losses of a passive interconnect. Coherent long-distance-transmission techniques are not currently suited to data centers. We therefore studied PAM 4 and 8 modulation formats with direct detection. On one hand, by simulation, with different bit rates (up to 112 Gbit/s) and receivers (PIN, APD and SOA-PIN) and, on the other hand, experimentally, at 12 and 18 Gbit/s. We have developed a method for compensating the distortions generated by the different network components. Our method takes into account a good tradeoff between correction accuracy and computation time.Simulation results allow us to determine the amount of insertion loss that may be supported. We then combine these results with the limitations of transmitters-tuning range and channel spacing using multiple of 12.5 GHz slots for dimensioning the proposed architectures. POPI, E-POPI and POPI+ interconnects allow the connection of 48, 99 and 2352 entities, respectively, at 112 Gbit/s. Our assessments take into account a potential dispersion of the characteristics of the main architecture components
Bréant, Christian. "Développement de lasers infrarouges accordables de haute pureté spectrale : application à la spectroscopie hyperfine des molécules HF et SF(6)." Paris 13, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA132010.
Full textVenturi, Linda. "Etude des propriétés de photoluminescence de nano-matériaux sous champ électrique intense." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR118.
Full textIn this thesis, the Laser-assisted Atom Probe Tomography is coupled in-situ with a photoluminescence (PL) bench, where the pulsed laser radiation is used to trigger the ion evaporation from the specimens and, simultaneously, to activate the emission from optically active centers present into the material. For this work, two different materials were selected: diamond nano-needles with embed- ded optically active defects (color centers) and a ZnO/(Mg,Zn)O multi-quantum-well (MQW) heterostructure, which contains quantum emitters of different thicknesses. Thanks to this original photoluminescence setup, the influence of the electric field on the fine structure of some color centers, embedded into the diamond nanoneedles, was observed. The first study focused on the neutral nitrogen-vacancy center (NV0), which is one among the most studied color centers in literature. The evolution of the NV0 optical signature, as a function of the applied bias, allowed to evaluate the mechanical stress (> 1 GPa) and the electric-field acting on diamond tips. These results demon- strate an original new method to perform contactless piezo-spectroscopy of nanoscale systems under uniaxial tensile stress, generated by the electric field. This method was applied also on another color center, which nature is still not clear in literature, emitting at 2.65 eV, and more sensitive than the NV0 color centers to the stress/strain field. New results on its opto-mechanical properties were obtained, but its identity still needs to be understood. Since the evaporation field of diamond is really high, the diamond nanoneedles were not analyzed using La-APT. Therefore the coupled in-situ technique was applied in order to study the ZnO/(Mg,Zn)O MQW heterostructure, accessing to the structure, composition and optical signature of the probed specimen in only one experiment. The photoluminescence spectra acquired by the specimen during its ongoing evaporation represents a unique source of information for the understanding of the mechanism of light-matter interaction and the physics of photoemission under high electric field. The correlation of the structural and optical information, related to this MQW heterostructure, demonstrates that the coupled in-situ technique can overlap the diffraction limit of the PL laser and that, as done for the diamond nanoneedles, is pos- sible to estimate the induced-tensile-stress. The results achieved by the in-situ coupling of the La-APT technique with the PL spec- troscopy show that such instrument is an innovative and powerful technique to perform research at the nanometric scale. For this reason, this work can open new perspectives for a deeply understanding of the physicics related to the studied systems in parallel with the continuous enhancement of the experimental setup
Dehghani, Kiadehi Atena. "Development of a new technique for determining the RTD of a dispersed solid phase and its application in a deep fluidized bed." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2491.
Full textThe aim of the present thesis is to develop a novel experimental technique for determining the residence time distribution (RTD) of solid particles in solid unit operations as well as model development. Initially, a novel optical method was developed to measure the particle RTD. Experiments are carried out with Silicon Carbide (SiC) and the pigment phosphorescent (Lumilux® Green SN-F50 WS) as tracer particle. A preliminary experimental study was conducted in a simple bubbling fluidized bed in order to validate the proposed RTD measurement methodology. In the second step, the developed technique of the concentration measurement was applied to measure the RTD of a deep fluidized bed. The particle RTD curves are determined experimentally in different operating conditions. Finally, a model consisting of the combination of the ideal reactors is proposed to predict the particle residence time distribution in the studied fluidized bed. The predicted output values are then compared with the experimental data to establish a good model fitting data
Huang, Hun-Sum, and 黃鴻盛. "Determination of Verdet Constant for Solids with Optical Heterodyne Interferometer." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38687826896455523684.
Full text逢甲大學
光電物理研究所
93
Abstract We take advantage of optical heterodyne method to measure the Verdet constant for the solid materials. The setup of this experiment base on a Mach-Zender interferometer combining with a differential amplifier or a lock-in amplifier. In this experiment we used a polarizer optical heterodyne and balance detection to measure the Verdet constant of Faraday effect. Compare with traditional method,we can reduce error which come from systematic arrangement and mechanical vibration. According to the balance detection,signal and reference beam come from the same source,the small vibration are nearly the same. Both differential amplifier and lock-in amplifier have been used to improve sensitivity. In addition,we used digital multi-meter and PC as well as LabView program and GBIB system to measure data in real time. In this experiment,we measure solids Verdet constant for solid including BSO,BK7,Fused Silica、MR1、MR3-2 and MR4 .
Balachandar, S. "Optical Interrogation of the 'Transient Heat Conduction' in Dielectric Solids - A Few Investigations." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3961.
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