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Journal articles on the topic 'Optical benches'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Liu, Jiyuan, and Ichirou Yamaguchi. "Surface profilometry with laser-diode optical feedback interferometer outside optical benches." Applied Optics 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.39.000104.

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2

Chu, A. K., Z. Y. Tsai, Y. T. Chen, and J. H. Chiang. "Thin WDM filters for low-cost optical triplexers on silicon optical benches." Electronics Letters 44, no. 15 (2008): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20081358.

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3

Duncker, Hannes, Ortwin Hellmig, André Wenzlawski, Alexander Grote, Amir Jones Rafipoor, Mona Rafipoor, Klaus Sengstock, and Patrick Windpassinger. "Ultrastable, Zerodur-based optical benches for quantum gas experiments." Applied Optics 53, no. 20 (July 4, 2014): 4468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.53.004468.

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4

Clévy, Cédric, Ion Lungu, Kanty Rabenorosoa, and Philippe Lutz. "Positioning accuracy characterization of assembled microscale components for micro-optical benches." Assembly Automation 34, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-02-2013-011.

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Purpose – This paper aims to deal with the measurement of positioning accuracies of microscale components assembled to fabricate micro-optical benches (MOB). Design/methodology/approach – The concept of MOB is presented to explain how to fabricate optical MEMS based on out-of-plane micro-assembly of microcomponents. This micro-assembly platform includes a laser sensor that enables to measure the position of the microcomponent after its assembly. The measurement set-up and procedure is displayed and applied on several micro-assembly sets. Findings – The measurement system provides results with maximum deviation smaller than ±0.005°. Based on this measurement system and micro-assembly procedure displayed in the article, it is shown that it is possible to obtain a positioning accuracy up to 0.009°. Originality/value – These results clearly show that micro-assembly is a possible way to fabricate complex, heterogeneous and 3D optical MEMS with very good optical performances.

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5

van Heijningen, J. V., A. Bertolini, E. Hennes, M. G. Beker, M. Doets, H. J. Bulten, K. Agatsuma, T. Sekiguchi, and J. F. J. van den Brand. "A multistage vibration isolation system for Advanced Virgo suspended optical benches." Classical and Quantum Gravity 36, no. 7 (March 11, 2019): 075007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ab075e.

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6

Avgitas, Theodore, Alexandre Creusot, and Antoine Kouchner. "Characterization benches for neutrino telescope Optical Modules at the APC laboratory." EPJ Web of Conferences 116 (2016): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201611606007.

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7

Lee, Kook-Nyung, Yun-Ho Jang, Hoseong Kim, Yoon-Sik Lee, and Yong-Kweon Kim. "Monolithic fabrication of optical benches and scanning mirror using silicon bulk micromachining." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 15, no. 4 (February 15, 2005): 747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/15/4/011.

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8

LEE, HEE-GOOK, JAE YEONG PARK, JONG UK BU, and YOUNGJOO YEE. "MEMS TECHNOLOGY FOR ADVANCED TELECOMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 12, no. 02 (June 2002): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156402001162.

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MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology is becoming a crucial enabling technology for optical and RF telecommunication applications due to the performance, cost and integration advantages. All-optical switches and silicon optical benches for optical network systems and RF MEMS components such as RF MEMS switches, tunable capacitors, high Q inductors, and thin film bulk acoustic resonators for miniaturized single chip RF transceivers are discussed. Despite all the promising aspects, practical problems to be addressed for successful commercialization are not trivial. By reviewing optical and RF MEMS research activities and some of the implementation examples, key success factors of MEMS components for the commercialization are discussed.

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9

KUNIEDA, Hideyo. "Challenges of X-ray Astronomy : Breakthrough with Extensible Optical Benches and Formation Flying." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 112, no. 1082 (2009): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.112.1082_20.

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10

Rakhmanov, V. V., S. V. Dvoynishnikov, V. G. Meledin, V. A. Pavlov, and D. O. Semenov. "Application features of micro-pixel avalanche photodetectors in the laser Doppler anemometers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2057, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2057/1/012088.

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Abstract The optical receiver is an essential part of any laser Doppler anemometer. Traditionally, vacuum photomultiplier tubes are used for reliable reception of weak optical radiation. However, this type of photodetector has its own drawbacks, which lead to a design complication and an increase in the cost of LDA. In this work, the characteristics of silicon micropixel avalanche photodiodes are investigated and the operation of a silicon photomultiplier as a photodetector in an LDA is tested when measuring the velocity on test benches. The possibility of using Si-PMT to receive optical signals of the laser Doppler anemometer is shown.

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11

Rowlands, Neil, Gavin Frayne, and Bo Svarrer Hansen. "Giving your SEM or FIB a Helping Hand." Microscopy Today 16, no. 1 (January 2008): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500054274.

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Scanning electron microscopes have traditionally been used for observation and microanalysis of samples. Positioning and testing of samples has usually been performed out of the SEM chamber e.g. electrical test benches, sample preparation. However, due to miniaturization in semiconductor technology, optics, micro-mechanics, medicine, gene- and biotechnology, highly precise positioning techniques are becoming increasingly important. This may be performed using an optical microscope, or more commonly, within the SEM chamber itself.

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12

Weddell, Stephen J., and Andrew J. Lambert. "Optical test-benches for multiple source wavefront propagation and spatiotemporal point-spread function emulation." Applied Optics 53, no. 35 (December 1, 2014): 8205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.53.008205.

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13

Hsiao, Hsu-Liang, Hsiao-Chin Lan, Chia-Chi Chang, Chia-Yu Lee, Siou-Ping Chen, Chih-Hung Hsu, Shuo-Fu Chang, et al. "Compact and passive-alignment 4-channel × 25-Gbps optical interconnect modules based on silicon optical benches with 45° micro-reflectors." Optics Express 17, no. 26 (December 18, 2009): 24250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.17.024250.

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14

Millet, Olivier, Dominique Collard, and Lionel Buchaillot. "Reliability of polysilicon microstructures: in situ test benches." Microelectronics Reliability 42, no. 9-11 (September 2002): 1795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-2714(02)00233-0.

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15

Cruz González, Celso Eduardo, Mauricio Torres Arellano, Saúl Ledesma Ledesma, and Perla Itzel Alcántara Llanas. "Thermomechanical evaluation of a glass-epoxy composite for astronomical optical devices." Materials Testing 64, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 1313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0005.

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Abstract Astronomical devices, such as optical benches, carry high precision instrumentation work at low temperatures (−150 °C). To fulfill engineering requirements, glass-epoxy composite trusses are proposed. To evaluate the performance of this solution, thermomechanical characterization is carried out by means of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), flammability tests, and tensile test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations. Two family of coupons are tested; first one environmentally aged for 10 years and second one recently fabricated, both at 20, 0 and −20 °C. Ageing influence is more noticeable on thermal behavior as Tg and self-extinguish capacity are lower. Ultimate tensile strength and maximum strain are lower for the aged coupons (16–25%), but there is not a remarkable difference in terms of stiffness. Also, coupons mechanically tested at −20 °C show a slight increment in strength. These results show that ageing of glass-epoxy composites must be considered when high performance devices are conceived to be fabricated with.

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16

Marburger, Jean Pierre, Christian Korn, Moritz Mihm, Ortwin Hellmig, André Wenzlawski, and Patrick Windpassinger. "Determining the deformation and resulting coupling efficiency degradation of ultrastable fiber-coupled optical benches under load." Review of Scientific Instruments 91, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 123001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0020776.

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17

Kozyrev, Anatolii, Eduard Kasparian, and Ivan Rozanov. "The integrated geodetic monit oring system of open pit slopes in hard rock massifs." E3S Web of Conferences 192 (2020): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019201015.

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The article describes an experience in organizing the integrated geomechanical monitoring in high-strength hard rock massifs using the longstanding GPS and optical distance measurements in the Zhelezny open pit, Kovdorsky GOK JSC, as well as measurements with the IBIS FM interferometric radar. The application of the integrated monitoring system in the Zhelezny open pit has allowed accumulation of significant statistical material, which made it possible to identify the patterns of the rock mass deformation development, determine the limiting parameters and develop several regulatory documents for observing and processing the measurement results of the benches and open pit walls displacements.

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18

Skoczylas, Walter P., Gertrude F. Rempfer, and O. Hayes Griffith. "Electron optical benches for in‐line and branched systems. A new bench designed for mirror‐based aberration correction and low energy electron microscopy." Review of Scientific Instruments 65, no. 10 (October 1994): 3183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144548.

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19

Prajapati, Ashvin N., Vipinchandra A. Rana, A. D. Vyas, S. P. Bhatanagar, and D. H. Gadani. "Dielectric Studies of Binary Mixtures of 1-Propanol and Fluorobenzene." Solid State Phenomena 209 (November 2013): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.209.203.

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Complex permittivity spectra of 1-Propanol (1-PrOH), Fluorobenzene (FB) and their binary mixtures are obtained in radio and microwave frequency range using Vector network analyzer (VNA) operating in the frequency range 0.3 MHz to 3.0 GHz and standard microwave benches operated at 9.1 GHz and 19.61 GHz. Static dielectric constant (ε0) and high frequency limiting dielectric constant (ε∞1) for binary mixtures of 1-PrOH and FB are obtained by extrapolating the complex permittivity data towards low frequency side and high frequency side on complex plane plots. Optical dielectric constant (ε∞ = n2) for binary mixtures are measured using Abbe's refractometer. Excess static dielectric constant (ε0)E, Kirkwood correlation parameters (g, geff and gf) and Bruggeman factor (fB) are determined from the values of static dielectric constant (ε0) and optical dielectric constant (ε∞). These parameters have been discussed to explore the molecular interaction between the molecular species.

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20

Müller, A., J. Göttert, J. Mohr, and A. Rogner. "Fabrication of stepped microoptical benches for fibre and free space applications." Microsystem Technologies 2, no. 1 (March 1995): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02739528.

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21

Müller, A., J. Göttert, J. Mohr, and A. Rogner. "Fabrication of stepped microoptical benches for fibre and free space applications." Microsystem Technologies 2, no. 2 (February 15, 1996): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050013.

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22

Giloux, C., M. Karppinen, G. Mugnai, V. Remondino, W. Venturini-Delsolaro, P. Viret, L. Walckiers, and R. Wolf. "Qualification of the LHC Corrector Magnet Production With the CERN-Built Measurement Benches." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 18, no. 2 (June 2008): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2008.920566.

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23

Min, Kyung Ju, Ji Ung Choi, and Ho Sung Lee. "Prediction of Long-Term Creep Behavior of High Performance Composite Material for Spacecraft." Key Engineering Materials 689 (April 2016): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.689.93.

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Even though carbon/epoxy composite materials have been widely used in aircraft for many years, different requirements are often required for composite materials in spacecraft application due to the space environment. Some of the considerations include modulus and thermal properties for spacecraft while as strength is important for aircraft. For heat pipe panels, space radiator, antennas or optical benches, thermal stability is required for the life of the satellite. In this study, long term creep behavior of high performance composite material is investigated with time-temperature shift factor. The fiber is pitch-based carbon which shows high thermal conductivity and high modulus. It was possible to predict creep compliance after 5 years from dynamic mechanical analysis data. This information is useful to understand the property change during the intended service life of the spacecraft.

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24

Novoselov, V. A., G. K. Kholopov, V. I. Kurt, and A. K. Pavlyukov. "Optical properties of test benches with fresnel attenuators for reproduction of the difference in radiance and difference in radiation temperature." Measurement Techniques 43, no. 1 (January 2000): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02503613.

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25

Theodorou, Charalambos, Vladan Velisavljevic, and Vladimir Dyo. "Visual SLAM for Dynamic Environments Based on Object Detection and Optical Flow for Dynamic Object Removal." Sensors 22, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 7553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197553.

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In dynamic indoor environments and for a Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (vSLAM) system to operate, moving objects should be considered because they could affect the system’s visual odometer stability and its position estimation accuracy. vSLAM can use feature points or a sequence of images, as it is the only source of input that can perform localization while simultaneously creating a map of the environment. A vSLAM system based on ORB-SLAM3 and on YOLOR was proposed in this paper. The newly proposed system in combination with an object detection model (YOLOX) applied on extracted feature points is capable of achieving 2–4% better accuracy compared to VPS-SLAM and DS-SLAM. Static feature points such as signs and benches were used to calculate the camera position, and dynamic moving objects were eliminated by using the tracking thread. A specific custom personal dataset that includes indoor and outdoor RGB-D pictures of train stations, including dynamic objects and high density of people, ground truth data, sequence data, and video recordings of the train stations and X, Y, Z data was used to validate and evaluate the proposed method. The results show that ORB-SLAM3 with YOLOR as object detection achieves 89.54% of accuracy in dynamic indoor environments compared to previous systems such as VPS-SLAM.

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26

Soref, Richard. "Applications of Silicon-Based Optoelectronics." MRS Bulletin 23, no. 4 (April 1998): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400030220.

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Silicon-based optoelectronics is a diversified technology that has grown steadily but not exponentially over the past decade. Some applications—such as smart-pixel signal processing and chip-to-chip optical interconnects—have enjoyed impressive growth, whereas other applications have remained quiescent. A few important applications such as optical diagnosis of leaky metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect-transistor circuits, have appeared suddenly. Over the years, research and development has unveiled some unique and significant aspects of Si-based optoelectronics. The main limitation of this technology is the lack of practical silicon light sources—Si lasers and efficient Si light-emitting devices (LEDs)—though investigators are “getting close” to the LED.Silicon-based optoelectronics refers to the integration of photonic and electronic components on a Si chip or wafer. The photonics adds value to the electronics, and the electronics offers low-cost mass-production benefits. The electronics includes complementary-metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS), very large-scale integration (VLSI), bipolar CMOS, SiGe/Si heterojunction bipolar transistors, and heterostructure field-effect transistors. In this discussion, we will use a loose definition of optoelectronics that includes photonic and optoelectronic integrated circuits (PICs and OEICs), Si optical benches, and micro-optoelectromechanical (MOEM) platforms. Optoelectronic chips and platforms are subsystems of computer systems, communication networks, etc. Silicon substrates feature a superior native oxide, in addition to excellent thermal, mechanical, and economic properties. Silicon wafers “shine” as substrates for PICs and OEICs.

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27

Weinhaendler, Johann, Rudolf Kaiser, and Hardy Kellermann. "A Decade of High Accuracy Die Attach Equipment and Process Developments (Addressing Photonics Device Packaging Challenges)." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, DPC (January 1, 2014): 001727–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2014dpc-wp33.

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Fueled by the Internet and nowadays unlimited connectivity expectations, the assembly of optoelectronic packages became a key element to enable the explosive growth in the communication field around the entire globe. The primary challenge in the field of advanced optoelectronics and photonic device packaging (e.g. laser diodes, VCSEL's, optical benches, lenses etc.) is to accurately align the different optical components in reference to each other for optimal optical device performance. This growing need for high precision die attach (<= 0.5um @ 3 sigma) systems and solutions at the shortest possible cycle times has been studied and implemented by AMICRA Microtechnologies. AMICRA's state of the art high accuracy automated assembly system solutions have been successfully used for over a decade in both a laboratory setup and a high volume manufacturing environment. From handling a large variety of substrate materials, thin and fragile chips with odd aspect ratios, lenses and other components, the flexible and dynamic vision alignment concept and the bonding process controls required to achieve high overall component placement accuracies has been AMCIRA's industry focus since the company's inception. While significant progress has been made to provide solutions for all communications and photonics applications there are currently still some challenges out there to be overcome, challenges that can also change on an application by application basis. Besides the technical challenges the cost effectiveness or cost per bond for those applications is a very critical overall success factor as well. This paper will elaborate on manufacturability concerns and equipment automation challenges associated with the key parameters of a Photonics applications high accuracy die attach process which, amongst others, not only require highly sophisticated vision alignment algorithms but also thermal transfer processes either using an eutectic process or a laser soldering technique. Given the ever shrinking packaging form factors, all of AMICRA's research and developments in the Photonics field have also been successfully introduced and applied in more traditional semiconductor applications which have an increasing need for high accuracy die attach.

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28

Shi, Yuan, Bernhard Heidenreich, Pranav Kumar Dileep, and Dietmar Koch. "Characterization and Simulation of Bending Properties of Continuous Fiber Reinforced C/C-SiC Sandwich Structures." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.215.

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At the Institute of Structures and Design of German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Stuttgart, C/C-SiC sandwich structures based on continuous fiber reinforced folded cores and skin panels have been developed via Liquid Silicon Infiltration (LSI) and in situ joining method. The resulting lightweight structures offer a high potential in various application areas such as optical benches of satellites or charging racks for high temperature furnaces.A major impediment for the new development and practical application of ceramic sandwich structures is the lack of know-how of characterization and simulation of their mechanical properties. In this study, several types of C/C-SiC sandwich structures with folded cores with different fiber orientations (0°/90° and ±45°) in the core structure were manufactured and mechanically tested in four point bending. The mechanical properties of the different sandwich structures were correlated to analytical calculation and numerical (finite element) simulation. The comparison showed good correlation. The proposed evaluation methods are suitable to determine and simulate the mechanical properties of C/C-SiC sandwich structures and are a versatile tool for further product development.

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29

de Ruggiero, Alba Clara, Laura Calzolari, Chiara Soffritti, Alessandra Varone, and Gian Luca Garagnani. "Cast Iron Metalworks in European Urban Furniture Dating Back to the 19^th and the Early 20^th Centuries." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.663.

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The term “street furniture” includes numerous elements (e.g. street lamps, benches, fountains, gazebos) easing city life, complementing architecture and contributing to decorate urban areas. Despite the massive presence of street furniture in the urban environment, the knowledge about its evolution through the centuries is frequently ignored or neglected. This study analyses the main metallurgical features of twenty cast iron metalworks dating back to the 19th and early 20th centuries manufactured in cast iron foundries mainly located in Italy, France and England. The experimental activity was carried out in collaboration with “Fondazione Neri – Museo Italiano della Ghisa” (Longiano, FC, Italy).The microstructure was determined by means of optical microscopy (OM), whereas the semi-quantitative chemical composition was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).The experimental results highlight the lack of a shared metallurgical culture in steel industry over the last one hundred and fifty years, since non-uniform microstructural features were observed among the specimens produced in that period in the geographical areas under study.

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30

Vorozhcova, Natal'ya, Vladimir Makarov, Aleksandr Gorbunov, and Elena Kolganova. "TECHNOLOGICAL CAPACITY UPDATING OF CONTINUOUS RUN-IN GEAR GRINDING METHOD." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2021, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2021-5-15-22.

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The work purpose consists in the technological capacity updating of the method for cog-wheel continuous run-in gear grinding based on the purpose of efficient modes and characteristics of the worm disk. The investigation methods are based on mathematical modeling and planning experiments. Machining aircraft cylindrical cog-wheels and special samples was carried out on modern NC machines, benches and plants with the use of up-to-date test equipment: coordinate inspection machine KIM R-100 “Klingelnberg”, profile meter MarSurf M300S “Mahr”, optical microscope Axiovert 400MAT “Zeiss”, electronic scanning microscope Tescan Mira3 “Tescan”, micro-hardness gage Micro Met 5104 “Buehler”, X-ray diffractometer Xstress Robot “Stresstech OY”, Barkhausen digital nose analyzer Rollscan 350 “StresstechOY”, plant APOON on the well-known and developed techniques. The research results and novelty. Special strategy and cutting modes at the required characteristics of the combined polish-grinding worm allow ensuring gear profile roughness Ra=0.089 mkm keeping high accuracy of a ring gear (gear profile error Fa=1.6mkm) without gear honing thereby increasing productivity. The quality researches of gear surface layer give grounds for the application of the method for aircraft cog wheels.

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31

Berri, Pier Carlo, Matteo D. L. Dalla Vedova, and Paolo Maggiore. "Experimental comparison of Fiber Bragg Grating installation techniques for aerospace systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 304 (2019): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930404012.

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Aircraft systems are becoming more and more complex, as they are required to perform multiple functions. For example, smart systems need to be able to self-monitor their working parameters, in order to infer their health status. All these additional functions require the system to acquire a multitude of measurements; albeit sometimes it is possible to implement virtual sensor techniques, dedicate sensing hardware is usually needed. As a main drawback, the installation of the needed sensors adds up to the total complexity, weight, cost and failure rate of the system. In this context, minimally invasive sensors can be used to measure the system parameters with high spatial resolution and minimal added complexity. One key technology in this field is the Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) optical sensors, used to perform strain and temperature measurements. This work describes an experimental campaign intended to assess and validate several installation techniques for FBGs as strain sensors. Two test benches were developed for different measurement setups. One is intended for creep and repeatability tests of a FBG sensor glued at both ends; the other was used to compare point gluing and continuous gluing techniques on an aluminium beam subject to a bending load. Results are compared with numerical simulations of the structure and measurements performed with traditional strain gages.

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32

Hall, Kevin. "Observations on “cryoplanation” benches in Antarctica." Antarctic Science 9, no. 2 (June 1997): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102097000230.

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A series of benches on nunataks of Alexander Island (Antarctica) are described. An increase in bench size with distance away from the retreating glacier suggests an age spectrum. The benches have thermal contraction cracks (in bedrock) on shallower, upper sections of the risers as well as salt encrusted runnels on the steeper lower section of the tread. The benches also show a distinct orientational preference (orientated to the north through to west) and, from first principles, these seem to be the aspects with optimal freeze-thaw cycles and temperatures conducive to thermal stress fatigue. The extensive dilatation associated with the retreating glaciers is thought to play a significant role in the origin and development of the benches as the combination of extensive jointing and optimal process conditions are thought to constrain where benches begin. The jointing, aided by the thermal contraction cracking, then facilitates extension and continued weathering of the treads. It would appear that these benches are examples of so called “cryoplanation terraces” that have been reported as fossil forms in Europe and North America. The study of such active forms in the Antarctic may provide good analogues for fossil features found in the Northern Hemisphere.

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33

Valin, Mai Huong, Gaël Obein, Bernard Rougie, Thierry Valin, Daniel Truong, Alain Vissiere, and Frédéric Bourson. "New traceability chain for spectral irradiance measurement at LNE-Cnam." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 064004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac50e6.

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Abstract LNE-Cnam has changed its traceability chain for measuring the spectral irradiance of a light source. This facility allows calibration of spectral irradiance of a standard lamp based on a comparison with a high temperature blackbody (HTBB). The reference spectral irradiance is determined by measuring the temperature of the HTBB with a filter radiometer calibrated against our radiant flux reference. This traceability scheme differs from the one used in our former setup, which was mainly based on the International Temperature Scale, ITS-90. Both principles are used in National Measurement Institutes. Our facility uses well known methods adapted to our best capabilities as well as a particular development in optical arrangement and filter radiometer calibration. Thanks to this new measurement setup, our spectral irradiance reference is now traceable to radiometric reference, i.e. our cryogenic radiometer. We have extended our measurement capability to cover the spectral range from 250 nm to 2500 nm. We have simplified the process by reducing the number of benches (three in one) and the number of operations, and we have designed a compact measuring setup through the use of a rotating integrative sphere. This allows us to reduce by at least a factor two our measurement uncertainties over almost the entire spectral range. With this new measurement facility, France participates in the ongoing CCPR k1.a key comparison. This is a key comparison of the Consultative Committee of Photometry and Radiometry for Spectral irradiance from 250 nm to 2500 nm of tungsten halogen lamps. This communication shows the method used, and its validation.

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34

Makisha, Nikolay. "Application of Biofilm Carrier in Aerobic Reactors as a Method to Improve Quality of Wastewater Treatment." Hydrology 8, no. 2 (May 10, 2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8020077.

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The research revealed in the paper considers the improvement of secondary treatment of wastewater in the aerobic reactor to provide removal of organics and nutrients. There were five types of polymer biofilm carriers taken into account initially; however, two of them were decided not to apply due to technological reasons. The main part of the research was divided into three substages to investigate each type of biofilm carrier. According to the literature review, the optimal efficiency may be reached if the carrier filling ratio is 10 to 30% of reactor volume. On this basis, there were three benches launched at each sub-stage with a corresponding filling ratio of 10, 20, and 30%. The fourth reactor at each sub-stage had no floating carrier to control the experiment. The research of all three types of carriers showed the effect of BOD removal in the range of 95–96% for benches equipped with a floating carrier, which can be considered similar to the control bench with the efficiency of 92%. In the case of ammonia nitrogen, the removal control bench showed only 55% of efficiency, while floating carriers helped to increase the efficiency up to 70–86%. Despite obtaining relatively positive results, the research has to be continued to achieve regulation requirements in treatment quality.

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Meng, Fan He, and Jun Hua Zhang. "Optimization Design and Simulation Research of Hydraulic Test Bench." Advanced Materials Research 744 (August 2013): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.744.23.

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For the limitations of the existing hydraulic test bench for experimenting with multi-species of hydraulic components, the additional cartridge valve circuit and multi-way directional valve circuit were designed. The AMESim simulation models of the hydraulic test benchs basic hydraulic circuits were established and simulated. Then the simulation results were compared with the experimental data to get some principles of simulation modeling and optimize the models. These principles were used to simulate the additional hydraulic circuits. Through analysis of the simulation results, theory supports were provided to the optimal design of hydraulic test bench. In this way, the existing hydraulic test bench can be fully used and the suitable components were selected, reducing the waste of resources. Besides, the simulation models can be used as part of the virtual hydraulic teaching.

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Sobko, B. Yu, O. V. Lozhnikov, M. O. Chebanov, and D. V. Vinivitin. "Substantiation of the optimal parameters of the bench elements and slopes of iron ore pits." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 5 (October 30, 2022): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-5/026.

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Purpose. To establish the optimal parameters of the bench elements and slopes of the pit at the mining of Horishne-Plavnynske and Lavrykovske deposits of ferruginous quartzites for further use of these parameters at the design. Methodology. Methods for determining the influence of the bench height on the productive pit capacity involves taking into account the quality of the ore, the rate of the mining front advancement, the rate of pit depth at the mining operations, the total length of the mining front, as well as the angles of the working and non-working pit slops. Findings. The most effective parameters for mining benches and slopes of an iron ore pit are considered, using the example of the Ferrexpo Poltava Mining. Parameters of the bench elements with a height of 2430 m have been established, which are worked out in layers with a height of 12, 10 and 15 m. The studies carried out made it possible to establish that layers with a height of 10 m, followed by the final and temporary pit contour with a bench height of 30 m, can improve safety due to the flattened slope of the pit up to 45, while, with a bench height of 15 m, the angle of inclination of the slope will be 47. Originality. The established dependence of the pit ore productivity in percentage on the bench height suggests that with an increase in the bench (layer) height, the ore productivity of the pit decreases. Determination of the influence of the working bench (layer) height on the total volume of ore losses in the design contour of the pit makes it possible to assert that at constant angles of the bench slope and the ore deposit fall, the values of operating losses and clogging change in direct proportion to the height. Practical value. A technological scheme has been developed for the development of a bench with a height of 30m with a layer thickness of 10 m, which makes it possible to improve safety in the pit by pit slope flattening to 45, to reduce the cost of ore mining by optimizing drilling operations (shorter drilling time per well, reduction of overdrilling and etc.) and thereby improve the economic performance of the enterprise.

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Sedina, S. А., G. B. Abdikarimova, A. A. Altayeva, and N. D. Rakhimov. "APPLICATION OF KINEMATIC STABILITY ANALYSIS IN DETERMINING RATIONAL DESIGN PARAMETERS OF CAREER STEPS." Series of Geology and Technical Sciences 445, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-170x.19.

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The main factor that determines the stability of the pit benches in rocky and semi-rocky rocks is geological and structural since potential collapse prisms of a particular configuration are formed by differently oriented ruptured faults (cracks) with certain spatial relationships between themselves and the pit surface. Evaluation of possible planar, wedge-shaped, and overturning collapses of individual benches is carried out by analyzing the parameters of structural disturbances identified within the rock mass of the studied section of the open pit relative to the orientation of open pit edges. The article presents the results of the analysis of the kinematic stability of the optimal parameters of the benches on the example of the Kurzhunkul open pit, which ensures their stability on the limiting contour. A sequence of actions is proposed for determining the stability parameters of rock benches in a quarry. Performing a kinematic analysis based on the identified systems of cracks allows us to determine the probable failure patterns of the slopes of the benches and select the calculation schemes for their stability to substantiate their optimal parameters and make decisions on their stabilization. Geological and structural zoning of the quarry space according to this method allows analyzing the holding capacity of safety berms to control detected collapses, to highlight benches that need to be brought into a safe state with the determination of their stable parameters, and to recommend options for optimizing the design profile.

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Sedina, Svetlana, Assel Altayeva, Lyazzat Shamganova, and Gulnur Abdykarimova. "Rock mass management to ensure safe deposit development based on comprehensive research within the framework of the geomechanical model development." Mining of Mineral Deposits 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining16.02.103.

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Purpose. To create and study a three-dimensional geomechanical model in order to determine the parameters of the open-pit walls and benches, ensuring safe and economically feasible mining, as well as predicting unstable zones within the open pit. Methods. A comprehensive methodological approach is used, including a systematic analysis of scientific, normative and methodological literature; analyzing the results of previously performed studies on the object; engineering-geological surveys in the near-edge rock mass of the Kurzhunkul’ deposit; laboratory testing of rock strength properties; determining the rock mass rating according to the MRMR classification; kinematic analysis of bench faces; calculating the stability of the Kurzhunkul’ deposit final boundary using the limit equilibrium method; numerical modeling of the rock mass stress-strain state at the Kurzhunkul’ deposit using the finite element method. Findings. The paper represents the results of data collection and analysis for the development of a geomechanical model of an operating iron-ore open pit in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Comprehensive geomechanical studies to substantiate the optimal parameters of the Kurzhunkul’ deposit walls and benches on the limiting contour, as well as calculations to determine the degree of the open-pit walls and benches stability have been performed. Based on the results of studying the geological-structural configuration of the deposit, as well the mathematical modeling data of stability and acting stresses, subsequently entered into a unified digital database, weakened zones have been identified. Originality. For the first time, the geomechanical model has been created for the conditions of the Kurzhunkul’ deposit, which makes it possible to combine in one database all the parameters that affect the safety of mining operations. The model takes into account structural disturbances of the rock mass that have an adverse impact on stability. Practical implications. The developed model gives a visual representation of the rock mass state at various sites of the deposit, simplifies the selection of design sections for stability calculations, facilitates the choice of optimal technical solutions and analysis, especially for complex geological structures with multiple geotechnical or geological units with different texturing and inclination.

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Xing, Zhichao, Guoye Wang, Zhangpeng Gong, Shudong Zhang, Dongxin Xu, and Sijie Peng. "Double-Drum Test Bench for Variable Load Transfer Simulation by Electromechanical Inertia Compensation." Sensors 19, no. 19 (October 6, 2019): 4322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194322.

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To improve the accuracy and actual road equivalence of vehicle performance testing using test benches, a double-drum test bench that meets the test requirements of vehicle control system prototypes and in-use vehicles was designed. Dynamic models of the single-wheel test bench and the vehicle test bench were established, and mechanisms were theoretically analyzed for single-wheel variable adhesion and vehicle load transfer for equivalent testing using the variable placement angle. The mechanism of electromechanical inertia compensation was studied to realize stepless simulation of vehicle inertia and simulate dynamic load while braking. The simulation model of the vehicle test bench system was established based on MATLAB/Simulink. Simulations were carried out to verify the anti-lock braking system (ABS) performance test functionality of the test bench under high adhesion, bisectional, and low adhesion conditions. Referring to the simulation conditions, ABS tests under actual test bench and road conditions were carried out. Results demonstrated that the mechanism of variable load transfer simulation by electromechanical inertia compensation improves the equivalent accuracy compared to that of its road test equivalent, verifying the feasibility of the simulation mechanism. This study could help further improve the accuracy and reduce the cost of vehicle performance testing, thus greatly benefitting the vehicle development and testing industry.

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Heusner, Manuel, Thomas Keller, and Malte Helmert. "Understanding the Search Behaviour of Greedy Best-First Search." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Combinatorial Search 8, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/socs.v8i1.18425.

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A classical result in optimal search shows that A* with an admissible and consistent heuristic expands every state whose f-value is below the optimal solution cost and no state whose f-value is above the optimal solution cost. For satisficing search algorithms, a similarly clear understanding is currently lacking. We examine the search behaviour of greedy best-first search (gbfs) in order to make progress towards such an understanding. We introduce the concept of high-water mark benches, which separate the search space into areas that are searched by a gbfs algorithm in sequence. High-water mark benches allow us to exactly determine the set of states that are not expanded under any gbfs tie-breaking strategy. For the remaining states, we show that some are expanded by all gbfs searches, while others are expanded only if certain conditions are met.

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Feng, Ning-Ning, and Xiaochen Sun. "Parallel Optical Interconnects Submodule Using Silicon Optical Bench." Journal of Lightwave Technology 33, no. 4 (February 15, 2015): 811–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2014.2361724.

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Aoki, Yasuhiko, Toshio Kato, Rogerio Jun Mizuno, and Kenichi Iga. "Micro-optical bench for alignment-free optical coupling." Applied Optics 38, no. 6 (February 20, 1999): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.38.000963.

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Nicklin, R. C., Robert Miller, and Andrew Graham. "Optical accessories for optical bench and force table." Physics Teacher 29, no. 4 (April 1991): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2343288.

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Uva, Wen-fei L., Thomas C. Weiler, Louis D. Albright, and Douglas A. Haith. "206 Risk Analysis of Adopting Zero Runoff Subirrigation Systems in Greenhouses Using Monte Carlo Simulation." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 477D—477. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.477d.

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Although zero runoff subirrigation (ZRS) technology has great promise to manage fertilizer inputs while improving production efficiency in greenhouse operations, high initial investment costs and inadequate technical background are major impediments for initiating the change. In a world of uncertainty, greenhouse operators face the challenge of making an optimal investment decision to satisfy environmental compliance expectations and meet the companies' financial goals. Using Monte Carlo simulation, cost risk was analyzed to compare the relative risks of investing in alternative ZRS systems for greenhouse crop production. An investment model was defined for greenhouse production with alternative ZRS systems. Each cost variable was allowed to vary based on a probability distribution. Random numbers were generated to determine parameters for the probability distributions for the uncertain variables. The simulation process was repeated 300 times for each production model. Simulation results showed that among the four ZRS systems studied (ebb-and-flow benches, Dutch movable trays, flood floors, and trough benches), the Dutch movable tray system returned the highest average profit for small potted plant production and the flood floor system returned the highest average profit for large potted plant and bedding crop flat production. Risk of the production models were compared by the variability of simulation results. The Dutch movable tray system is the least risky for small potted plant production, and the flood floor system is the least risky for large potted plant and bedding crop flat production. Despite its low initial costs of adoption, the trough bench system was least competitive as a ZRS technology for a greenhouse operation because of the relative low profitability and high risk of production due to volatile profitability.

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Moreno-Ramírez, Ciro, Carmen Iniesta, Alejandro González, and José Luis Olazagoitia. "Development and Characterization of a Low-Cost Sensors System for an Acoustic Test Bench." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 20, 2020): 6663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226663.

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Existing acoustic test benches are usually costly devices based on proprietary designs, sensors, and acquisition devices. In this paper, a low-cost test bench for acoustic purposes is introduced. The design of the test bench takes into account not only the low-cost mechanical design, but also uses low-cost sensors and control boards. This test bench has been designed for a range of signals compatible with those used by thermoacoustic engines, but it can be useful for applications with similar requirements. Taking advantage of an auxiliary pressure reference, low-cost unidirectional differential pressure sensors can be used to significantly increase the accuracy of the sampling system. The acoustic and mechanical design and development are presented along with the sampling system and the sensors arrangement implemented. Both the sensor and sampling system are evaluated by comparison with a high-fidelity sound acquisition system. An unexpected effect on the time error values distribution of the low-cost acquisition system is found and described. Finally, the errors introduced by the system and the sensors in terms of time and pressure sampling are characterized. As a result, the low-cost system’s accuracy has been satisfactory assessed and validated for the conditions expected in thermoacoustic experiments in terms of frequency and dynamic pressure.

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Passenbrunner, Thomas E., Mario Sassano, and Luigi del Re. "Optimal Control with Input Constraints applied to Internal Combustion Engine Test Benches." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 46, no. 23 (2013): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20130904-3-fr-2041.00149.

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Passenbrunner, Thomas E., Mario Sassano, and Luigi del Re. "Optimal Control of Internal Combustion Engine Test Benches equipped with Hydrodynamic Dynamometers." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 46, no. 21 (2013): 576–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20130904-4-jp-2042.00010.

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Gandjbakhche, Amir, and Israel Gannot. "Optical Imaging from Bench to Bedside." Journal of Biomedical Optics 10, no. 5 (2005): 051301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2083908.

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Colombi, Emanuela, Matteo Leone, and Nadia Robotti. "The emergence of Melloni’s optical bench." European Journal of Physics 38, no. 1 (November 16, 2016): 015802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/38/1/015802.

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Kim, Jin Tae, Jung Jin Ju, Suntak Park, Seung Koo Park, Min-Su Kim, and Myung-Hyun Lee. "Electric-Circuit-Embedded Polymer Optical Bench." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 19, no. 5 (2007): 318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2007.891241.

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