Relevant bibliographies by topics / Optial fiber sensor

Academic literature on the topic 'Optial fiber sensor'

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Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Optial fiber sensor":

1

Cheng, Tai Hong, Seong Hyun Lim, Chang Doo Kee, and Il Kwon Oh. "Development of Fiber-PZT Array Sensor System." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.263.

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In this study, array type fiber-PZT senor systems were newly developed with capabilities of detecting both damage location and monitoring of gas or liquid leakage by applying time-frequency analyses. The system consists of two piezoelectric transducers for the signal receiver and generator applications and three optical fibers for wave propagation. The results showed developed fiber-PZT array sensor can accurately measure the position of crack and its intensity. Also the fluid leakage of methyl alcohol as test specimen, on the plate structure has also been investigated employing the fiber-PZT sensors. The ultrasonic wave optical fiber sensor can be used effectively to monitor changes in structural and chemical properties.
2

Kyselak, Martin, Jiri Vavra, Karel Slavicek, David Grenar, and Lucie Hudcova. "Long Distance Military Fiber-Optic Polarization Sensor Improved by an Optical Amplifier." Electronics 12, no. 7 (April 6, 2023): 1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12071740.

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The ever-increasing demands for the use of fiber-optic sensors powered by long optical fibers is forcing developers to solve problems associated with powering these remote sensors. Due to their non-electric character, these sensors are suitable for many uses, including military applications. The Army of the Czech Republic is very interested in this type of optical fiber sensor as it fulfils the significant prerequisites for use in military areas. However, the army’s requirements are challenging because they require long supply cables in which there is significant attenuation of optical power. At the same time, there is a need for high sensitivity. The subject of our research team’s work was to use amplifiers to power these sensors. The army already uses this type of sensor for short distances as it cannot ignite a gas mixture with an explosive concentration and thus meet the strict requirements of the explosion-poof standard. The novelty of our research lies in the discovered measurement technique that allows the sensors to be powered remotely and in the saving of optical fibers by utilizing duplex communication with a circulator. Furthermore, the research presents an innovative approach to the optimization of the entire sensor by using a bidirectional, sensory, polarization-maintaining optical fiber. The proposed sensor was first verified in laboratory conditions at the Optoelectronics Laboratory of the University of Defense in Brno, and further tests were carried out in the military training areas of Boletice and Březina in the Czech Republic, which is a member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
3

Bartelt, Hartmut. "Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors and Sensor Arrays." Advances in Science and Technology 55 (September 2008): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.55.138.

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Fiber Bragg gratings have found widespread application in sensor systems, e. g. for temperature, strain or refractive index measurements. The concept of fiber Bragg gratings allows also in a simple way the realisation of arrays of such sensors. The development of such optical fiber sensor systems often requires special fibers and grating structures which may go beyond more conventional Bragg grating structures in typical communication fibers. Concerning fibers there is, for example., a need of achieving fiber gratings in small diameter fibers and fiber tapers as well as in microstructured fibers. Special fiber grating structures are of interest e.g. in the visible wavelength range, which requires smaller spatial structures compared to more conventional gratings in the near infrared wavelength region. Examples for such modern developments in fiber Bragg grating technology for sensor applications will be presented and discussed.
4

Moś, Joanna Ewa, Karol Antoni Stasiewicz, and Leszek Roman Jaroszewicz. "Liquid crystal cell with a tapered optical fiber as an active element to optical applications." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i1.879.

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The work describes the technology of a liquid crystal cell with a tapered optical fiber as an element providing light. The tapered optical fiber with the total optical loss of 0.22 ± 0.07 dB, the taper waist diameter of 15.5 ± 0.5 μm, and the elongation of 20.4 ± 0.3 mm has been used. The experimental results are presented for a liquid crystal cell filled with a mixture 1550* for parallel orientation of LC molecules to the cross section of the taper waist. Measurement results show the influence of the electrical field with voltage in the range of 0-200 V, without, as well as with different modulation for spectral characteristics. The sinusoidal and square signal shapes are used with a 1-10 Hz frequency range. Full Text: PDF ReferencesZ. Liu, H. Y. Tam, L. Htein, M. L.Vincent Tse, C. Lu, "Microstructured Optical Fiber Sensors", J. Lightwave Technol. 35, 16 (2017). CrossRef T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman1, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domański, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, J. Wojcik "Influence of temperature and electrical fields on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres", Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 5 (2006). CrossRef K. Nielsen, D. Noordegraaf, T. Sørensen, A. Bjarklev,T. Hansen, "Selective filling of photonic crystal fibres", J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 7, 8 (2005). CrossRef A. A. Rifat, G. A. Mahdiraji, D. M. Chow, Y, Gang Shee, R. Ahmed, F. Rafiq, M Adikan, "Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with Selective Analyte Channels and Graphene-Silver Deposited Core", Sensors 15, 5 (2015) CrossRef Y. Huang, Z.Tian, L.P. Sun, D. Sun, J.Li, Y.Ran, B.-O. Guan "High-sensitivity DNA biosensor based on optical fiber taper interferometer coated with conjugated polymer tentacle", Opt. Express 23, 21 (2015). CrossRef X. Wang, O. S. Wolfbeis, "The 2016 Annual Review Issue", Anal. Chem., 88, 1 (2016). CrossRef Ye Tian, W. Wang, N. Wu, X. Zou, X.Wang, "Tapered Optical Fiber Sensor for Label-Free Detection of Biomolecules", Sensors 11, 4 (2011). CrossRef O. Katsunari, Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides, (London, Academic Press, (2006). DirectLink A. K. Sharma, J. Rajan, B.D. Gupta, "Fiber-Optic Sensors Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance: A Comprehensive Review", IEEE Sensors Journal 7, 8 (2007). CrossRef C. Caucheteur, T. Guo, J. Albert, "Review of plasmonic fiber optic biochemical sensors: improving the limit of detection", Anal. Bioanal.Chem. 407, 14 (2015). CrossRef S. F. Silva L. Coelho, O. Frazão, J. L. Santos, F. X.r Malcata, "A Review of Palladium-Based Fiber-Optic Sensors for Molecular Hydrogen Detection", IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 12, 1 (2012). CrossRef H. Waechter, J. Litman, A. H. Cheung, J. A. Barnes, H.P. Loock, "Chemical Sensing Using Fiber Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy", Sensors 10, 3 (2010). CrossRef S. Zhu, F. Pang, S. Huang, F.Zou, Y.Dong, T.Wang, "High sensitivity refractive index sensor based on adiabatic tapered optical fiber deposited with nanofilm by ALD", Opt. Express 23, 11 (2015). CrossRef L. Zhang, J. Lou, L. Tong, "Micro/nanofiber optical sensors", Photonics sensor 1, 1 (2011). CrossRef L.Tong, J. Lou, E. Mazur, "Single-mode guiding properties of subwavelength-diameter silica and silicon wire waveguides", Opt. Express 11, 6 (2004). CrossRef H. Moyyed, I. T. Leite, L. Coelho, J. L. Santos, D. Viegas, "Analysis of phase interrogated SPR fiber optic sensors with bimetallic layers", IEEE Sensors Journal 14, 10 (2014). CrossRef A. González-Cano, M. Cruz Navarette, Ó. Esteban, N. Diaz Herrera , "Plasmonic sensors based on doubly-deposited tapered optical fibers", Sensors 14, 3 (2014). CrossRef K. A. Stasiewicz, J.E. Moś, "Threshold temperature optical fibre sensors", Opt. Fiber Technol. 32, (2016). CrossRef L. Zhang, F. Gu, J. Lou, X. Yin, L. Tong, "Fast detection of humidity with a subwavelength-diameter fiber taper coated with gelatin film", Opt. Express 16, 17 (2008). CrossRef S.Zhu, F.Pang, S. Huang, F. Zou, Q. Guo, J. Wen, T. Wang, "High Sensitivity Refractometer Based on TiO2-Coated Adiabatic Tapered Optical Fiber via ALD Technology", Sensors 16, 8 (2016). CrossRef G.Brambilla, "Optical fibre nanowires and microwires: a review", J. Optics 12, 4 (2010) CrossRef M. Ahmad, L.L. Hench, "Effect of taper geometries and launch angle on evanescent wave penetration depth in optical fibers", Biosens. Bioelectron. 20, 7 (2005). CrossRef L.M. Blinov, Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials (New York, Springftianer, 1994). CrossRef L. Scolari, T.T. Alkeskjold, A. Bjarklev, "Tunable Gaussian filter based on tapered liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibre", Electron. Lett. 42, 22 (2006). CrossRef J. Moś, M. Florek, K. Garbat, K.A. Stasiewicz, N. Bennis, L.R. Jaroszewicz, "In-Line Tunable Nematic Liquid Crystal Fiber Optic Device", J. of Lightwave Technol. 36, 4 (2017). CrossRef J. Moś, K A Stasiewicz, K Garbat, P Morawiak, W Piecek, L R Jaroszewicz, "Tapered fiber liquid crystal hybrid broad band device", Phys. Scripta. 93, 12 (2018). CrossRef Ch. Veilleux, J. Lapierre, J. Bures, "Liquid-crystal-clad tapered fibers", Opt. Lett. 11, 11 (1986). CrossRef R. Dąbrowski, K. Garbat, S. Urban, T.R. Woliński, J. Dziaduszek, T. Ogrodnik, A,Siarkowska, "Low-birefringence liquid crystal mixtures for photonic liquid crystal fibres application", Liq. Cryst. 44, (2017). CrossRef S. Lacroix, R. J. Black, Ch. Veilleux, J. Lapierre, "Tapered single-mode fibers: external refractive-index dependence", Appl. Opt., 25, 15 (1986). CrossRef J.F. Henninot, D. Louvergneaux , N.Tabiryan, M. Warenghem, "Controlled Leakage of a Tapered Optical Fiber with Liquid Crystal Cladding", Mol. Cryst.and Liq.Cryst., 282, 1(1996). CrossRef
5

Kleiza, V., and J. Verkelis. "Some Advanced Fiber-Optical Amplitude Modulated Reflection Displacement and Refractive Index Sensors." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 12, no. 2 (April 25, 2007): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.2007.12.2.14712.

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Some advanced fiber-optic amplitude modulated reflection displacement sensors and refractive index sensors have been developed. An improved three-fiber displacement sensor has been investigated as a refractive index sensor by computer simulations in a large interval of displacement. Some new regularities have been revealed. A reflection fiber-optic displacement sensor of novel configuration, consisting of double optical-pair fibers with a definite angle between the measuring tips of fibers in the pairs has been proposed, designed, and experimentally investigated to indicate and measure the displacement and refractive index of gas and liquid water solutions. The proposed displacement sensor and refractive index sensor configuration improves the measuring sensitivity in comparison with the known measuring methods. The refractive index sensor sensitivity Snsub = 4 × 10−7 RIU/mV was achieved. The displacement sensor sensitivity is Ssub = 1702 mV/µm in air (n = 1.00027).
6

Zenevich, A. O., T. G. Kovalenko, E. V. Novikov, and S. V. Zhdanovich. "Fiber-Optic Sensor for Identifying Liquids and Determining Solutions Concentration." Doklady BGUIR 21, no. 6 (January 4, 2024): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2023-21-6-14-20.

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Fiber-optic sensors for identifying liquids and determining the concentration of solutions have been studied with the possibility of using various types of single-mode optical fibers produced by industry and widely used in optical cables and telecommunications to create sensors for identifying liquids and determining the concentration of solutions. To identify liquids with different refractive indices and determine the concentration of substances dissolved in water, the peak value of the reflectograms of the optical fiber located at the interface between the optical fiber core and the environment can be used as an information parameter. The value of the information parameter depends on the refractive index of the liquid in which one end of the optical fiber is located. The parameters of fiber-optic sensors for identifying liquids and determining the concentration of solutions were studied by optical reflectometry in different wavelength ranges of optical radiation with a duration of reflectometer probe pulses from 25 to 300 ns. It has been established that the fiber-optic sensor can operate at any wavelength of optical radiation corresponding to the transparency windows of the optical loss spectrum of the optical fiber. The influence of the length of the optical fiber between the recording device and the place where the concentration of a liquid solution is determined using a fiber-optic sensor was studied. The possibility of creating a fiber-optic sensor for determining the concentration of the liquid solutions based on optical fibers has been demonstrated.
7

Vašínek, Vladimír, Pavel Šmíra, Vladimira Rasnerova, Andrea Nasswettrová, Jakub Jaros, Andrej Liner, and Martin Papes. "Usage of Distributed Fiber Optical Temperature Sensors during Building Redevelopment." Advanced Materials Research 923 (April 2014): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.923.229.

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This contribution describes the novel unique technology with the usage of fiber optical sensors with temperature resolution up to 0.01°C and spatial resolution 1m. This technology is supplemented with fiber optical strain sensor with pressure resolution 1Pa. Fiber optical sensors are based on nonlinear effects within the optical fibers, they behave as distributed sensors making possible to measure temperature and strain with one fiber in many points contemporarily during building redevelopments. For temperature measurements Raman scattering within multimode optical fiber is used. Results from real redevelopments are presented.
8

Han, Yan. "The Building of Optical Fiber Network System Using Hetero-Core Fiber Optic Sensors." Advanced Materials Research 571 (September 2012): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.342.

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We proposed a novel optical sensory nerve network using pulse switch sensors. The pulse switch sensor generates light loss similar to pulse signals only when ON/OFF states change. Therefore, it has less influence on communications quality compared with conventional switch sensor modules as sensor multiplicity increases. Our simulated results demonstrated that the proposed system can improve sensor multiplicity while maintaining the communications and measuring performance with the same quality as a conventional system by appropriately adjusting the initial loss of the pulse switch sensors. In particular, where ON/OFF time intervals follow exponential distributions with mean values of 5 and 300 s, respectively, the insertion loss of hetero-core segments inserted into pulse switch sensors is 0.3 dB, and the pulse switch sensors have curvature from 0.05 to 0.18. Under these conditions, our enhanced system can increase sensor multiplicity to 23 while maintaining link availability of almost 100%, a distinction error ratio of less than 1%, and a duplicated error ratio of about 0.5%.
9

Braunfelds, Janis, Elvis Haritonovs, Ugis Senkans, Inna Kurbatska, Ints Murans, Jurgis Porins, and Sandis Spolitis. "Designing of Fiber Bragg Gratings for Long-Distance Optical Fiber Sensing Networks." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2022 (October 5, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8331485.

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Most optical sensors on the market are optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors with low reflectivity (typically 7-40%) and low side-lobe suppression (SLS) ratio (typically SLS <15 dB), which prevents these sensors from being effectively used for long-distance remote monitoring and sensor network solutions. This research is based on designing the optimal grating structure of FBG sensors and estimating their optimal apodization parameters necessary for sensor networks and long-distance monitoring solutions. Gaussian, sine, and raised sine apodizations are studied to achieve the main requirements, which are maximally high reflectivity (at least 90%) and side-lobe suppression (at least 20 dB), as well as maximally narrow bandwidth (FWHM<0.2 nm) and FBGs with uniform (without apodization). Results gathered in this research propose high-efficiency FBG grating apodizations, which can be further physically realized for optical sensor networks and long-distance (at least 40 km) monitoring solutions.
10

Raj, Rajnish, Pooja Lohia, and D. K. Dwivedi. "Optical Fibre Sensors for Photonic Applications." Sensor Letters 17, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2019.4152.

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Recent development in optical fiber and numerous advantages of light over electronic system have boosted the utility and demand for optical fibre sensor in modern era. Optical fibre sensor is used to measure the various parameters like temperature, pressure, vibration, rotation etc. Optical fibre sensor offers a wide spectrum of advantage over traditional sensing system in terms of longer lifetime and small in size. Optical fibre has been considered as not only the substitutes of conventional sensors but also the unique solutions in the field of scientific engineering and industrial research. This paper reports the status of optical fibre sensor and its application in detail.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Optial fiber sensor":

1

Pham, Thi Nhung. "Fabry-Perot interferometer based on end-of-fiber polymer microtip for chemical sensing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0006.

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Les interféromètres Fabry-Perot (FPI) ont reçu un grand intérêt pour leur utilisation en tant que capteurs. Les FPI sont constitués d'une cavité optique avec des surfaces parallèles qui réfléchissent la lumière incidente, produisant un signal interférométrique optique. Ce signal dépend de la distance entre les surfaces réfléchissantes et de l'indice de réfraction de la cavité, qui sont sensibles aux variations d’humidité, de température, de pression et du matériau. Les FPI peuvent être attachés à des fibres optiques, qui fonctionnent comme un guide d'ondes pour le signal incident et le signal réfléchi, et former ainsi des capteurs compacts. Cette thèse présente des capteurs chimiques à base de FPI incorporant une micropointe en polymère structurée à l'extrémité d'une fibre optique, étudiés pour la détection d'humidité, d'eau et de cibles chimiques.Tout d'abord, nous développons une pointe de triacrylate de pentaérythritol (PETA) sur la facette d'une fibre optique par photopolymérisation autoguidée. Une extrémité de la fibre est placée dans une goutte de PETA et la photopolymérisation est activée par un laser de 375 nm injecté à l'autre extrémité de la fibre. Les conditions optimales pour former une pointe PETA mécaniquement stable sont 1μW de puissance laser × 1s de temps d'exposition. Cependant, les chaînes PETA ne sont pas complètement polymérisées lors de cette étape, ce qui entraîne une fréquence de résonance instable de la pointe. La pointe doit donc être post-polymérisée sous une lampe UV de 365nm pour obtenir une caractéristique dynamique stable, avant leur application en tant que capteur.Deuxièmement, nous démontrons que la pointe PETA est un capteur efficace pour détecter l'humidité. Elle fonctionne comme une cavité optique formée entre le cœur de la fibre/PETA et l'interface PETA/environnement, ce qui permet d'obtenir un signal interférométrique clair. Le signal FPI de la pointe est très sensible à l'humidité de l'air grâce aux groupes hydroxyles du PETA, qui absorbent les molécules d'eau dans l'air humide, induisant un gonflement de la pointe. La longueur et/ou l'indice de réfraction sont donc modifiés, ce qui entraîne une variation du signal interférométrique. La pointe présente une sensibilité constante de 90 pm/%RH, équivalent à une sensibilité relative de 104 ppm/%RH pour une plage d'humidité de 30 à 80 %. La détection est hautement reproductible et stable. En outre, l'effet de la température est négligeable, favorisant leur potentiel d’application.Ensuite, nous appliquons les pointes PETA basées sur le FPI pour déterminer la teneur en eau de solutions de glycérol et d'éthylène glycol. Le signal FPI de la pointe PETA varie de manière non linéaire lorsque la teneur en eau passe de 0 à 100% en poids. La variation du signal FPI est due à la contraction de la pointe, qui est liée à la perte d'eau à l'intérieur de la structure PETA. Lorsque la contamination par l'eau est inférieure à 10%, la pointe présente une sensibilité de 394 pm/wt.% et 226 pm/wt.% pour les solutions de glycérol et d'éthylène glycol, respectivement. Ainsi, la pointe PETA basée sur le FPI présente un grand potentiel pour la détermination de la teneur en eau de solutions aqueuses, y compris les hydrocarbures.Enfin, une pointe constituée d'un cœur PETA et d'une enveloppe de polymères à empreintes moléculaires (MIP) a été mise au point pour détecter la Dansyl-L-phénylalanine. La pointe PETA est initialement fabriquée en utilisant la polymérisation autoguidée et les MIP sont ensuite copolymérisés pour former une fine couche d'enveloppe autour de la pointe PETA. Lors de la détection sélective de la Dansyl-L-phénylalanine, l'indice de réfraction de la couche de MIP change, ce qui entraîne une modification du signal FPI de l'ensemble de la pointe PETA/MIP. Cette méthode simple offre de nouvelles possibilités pour créer des capteurs à fibre optique MIP à base de FPI applicables à une large gamme d'analytes, qu’ils soient fluorescents ou non
Fabry−Perot interferometers (FPIs) have received a significant attention for their use in sensor applications. FPIs consist of an optical cavity with separate parallel reflecting surfaces which reflect incident light, resulting in an optical interferometric signal. The FPI signal depends on the distance between the reflecting surfaces and the refractive index of the cavity medium, which are sensitive to variation of environment humidity, temperature, pressure, and material. FPIs can be attached to optical fibers to form compact fiber optic FPI-based sensors in which the optical fiber works as a waveguide for both incident and reflected signal. This thesis presents FPI-based chemical sensors incorporating a polymer microtip located at the end of an optical fiber and characterizes their sensing capabilities for humidity, water, and chemical targets.Firstly, we develop a pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) tip on the facet of an optical fiber by a self-guiding photopolymerization. One end of the optical fiber is placed inside a PETA droplet and the self-guiding photopolymerization of PETA is actuated by a 375 nm laser injected to the other end of the fiber. The optimal conditions to form a straight and mechanically stable PETA tip are 1.0 μW of laser power × 1.0 second of exposure time. However, the PETA chains do not completely polymerize during this self-polymerization, leading to an unstable dynamic resonant frequency of the tip. Thus, the tip needs a post-polymerization under a UV 365 nm lamp to achieve a stable dynamic characteristic, which is applicable for further sensing applications.Secondly, we demonstrate the PETA tip as an effective sensor to detect humidity. The PETA tip acts as an optical cavity formed between the fiber-core/PETA and the PETA/environment interface, resulting in a clear interferometric signal. The FPI signal of the tip is highly sensitive to humidity in the air. This is due to hydroxyl groups within the PETA structure, which strongly absorb water molecules in the humid air and significantly swell the tip. The length and/or the refractive index of the tip are therefore changed, resulting in a FPI shift. The tip exhibits a consistent sensitivity of 90pm/%RH, equivalent to a relative sensitivity of 104 ppm/%RH in the humidity range from 30 to 80%. The sensing performance is highly reproducible and stable. Furthermore, the cross effect of the temperature is negligible, indicating a great practical potential for the devices.Next, we apply the FPI-based PETA tips to determine the water content in glycerol and ethylene glycol solutions. The FPI signal of the PETA tip shifts nonlinearly towards longer wavelengths as the water content increases from 0 to 100 wt.%. The shift in the FPI signal occurs due to the contraction in the tip length, which is linked to the loss of water inside the PETA structure caused by the hydrophilic solutions. When the water contamination is below 10 wt.%, the tip shows a sensitivity of 394 pm/wt.% and 226 pm/wt.% for glycerol and ethylene glycol solutions, respectively. Therefore, the FPI-based PETA tip shows a great potential in determining water content in hydrophilic aqueous solutions, including hydrocarbons.Finally, a tip consisting of a PETA core and a shell of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is developed for detecting Dansyl-L-phenylalanine. The PETA tip is initially fabricated using the self-guiding polymerization and MIPs are then copolymerized to form a thin shell layer around the PETA tip. Upon the selective binding of Dansyl-L-phenylalanine, the refractive index of the MIP layer changes, leading to the change in the FPI signal of the whole PETA/MIP tip. This straightforward and affordable method offers new innovative possibilities for creating FPI-based MIP fiber optic sensors, which can be applied for a wide range of analytes, including both non-fluorescent and fluorescent targets
2

Andrews, Jeffrey Pratt. "Longitudinal misalignment based strain sensor." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43283.

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A practical fiber optic strain sensor has been developed to measure strains in the range of 0.0 to 2.0 percent strain with a resolution ranging between 10 and 100 microstrain depending on sensor design choices. This intensity based sensor measures strain by monitoring strain induced longitudinal misalignment in a novel fiber interconnection. This interconnection is created by aligning fibers within a segment of hollow core fiber. Related splice loss mechanisms are investigated for their effect on resolution. The effect of gauge length and launch conditions are also investigated.


Master of Science
3

Lee, Shiao-Chiu. "Axial offset effects upon optical fiber sensor and splice performance." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91128.

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A kind of intensity modulated fiber sensor utilizing axial offset parameter is proposed. The theoretical analysis and experimental characteristics of this sensor are described. All the theoretical results derived in this thesis are based on assuming a uniform power distribution in the fibers. An expression of coupling efficiency of central dipped parabolic graded index fibers due to axial offset is derived. The results show less sensitivity to axial offset for the central dipped fibers than for the parabolic profile fibers without a dip. Expressions of coupling efficiency of graded index fibers due to axial offset for several different values of a are also derived. The results show that sensitivity increases as the value of a decreases. A general expression of coupling efficiency which is valid for small values of axial offset is derived. This expression exhibits a linear relationship between coupling efficiency and small axial offset. Coupling efficiencies versus fiber end separation and axial offset of step index fibers have been measured. The measurements show that coupling efficiency is much more sensitive to axial offset than end separation. A simple construction of the axial offset fiber sensor is described. An approximate linear relationship between the output power and the mechanical loading has been obtained for this sensor. Several ways of increasing the sensitivity of this sensor are discussed.
M.S.
4

Bronk, Karen Srour. "Imaging based sensor arrays /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 1996.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 1996.
Adviser: David R. Walt. Submitted to the Dept. of Chemistry. Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
5

Kominsky, Daniel. "Development of Random Hole Optical Fiber and Crucible Technique Optical Fibers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28949.

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This dissertation reports the development of two new categories of optical fibers. These are the Random Hole Optical Fiber (RHOF) and the Crucible Technique Hybrid Fiber (CTF). The RHOF is a new class of microstructure fiber which possesses air holes which vary in diameter and location along the length of the fiber. Unlike all prior microstructure fibers, these RHOF do not have continuous air holes which extend throughout the fiber. The CTF is a method for incorporating glasses with vastly differing thermal properties into a single optical fiber. Each of these two classes of fiber brings a new set of optical characteristics into being. The RHOF exhibit many of the same guidance properties as the previously researched microstructure fibers, such as reduced mode counts in a large area core. CTF fibers show great promise for integrating core materials with extremely high levels of nonlinearity or gain. The initial goal of this work was to combine the two techniques to form a fiber with exceedingly high efficiency of nonlinear interactions. Numerous methods have been endeavored in the attempt to achieve the fabrication of the RHOF. Some of the methods include the use of sol-gel glass, microbubbles, various silica powders, and silica powders with the incorporation of gas producing agents. Through careful balancing of the competing forces of surface tension and internal pressure it has been possible to produce an optical fiber which guides light successfully. The optical loss of these fibers depends strongly on the geometrical arrangement of the air holes. Fibers with a higher number of smaller holes possess a markedly lower attenuation. RHOF also possess, to at least some degree the reduced mode number which has been extensively reported in the past for ordered hole fibers. Remarkably, the RHOF are also inherently pressure sensitive. When force is applied to an RHOF either isotropically, or on an axis perpendicular to the length of the fiber, a wavelength dependent loss is observed. This loss does not come with a corresponding response to temperature, rendering the RHOF highly anomalous in the area of fiber optic sensing techniques. Furthermore an ordered hole fiber was also tested to determine that this was not merely a hitherto undisclosed property of all microstructure fibers. Crucible technique fibers have also been fabricated by constructing an extremely thick walled silica tube, which is sealed at the bottom. A piece of the glass that is desired for the core (such as Lead Indium Phosphate) is inserted into the hole which is in the center of the tube. The preform is then drawn on an fiber draw tower, resulting in a fiber with a core consisting of a material which has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) or a melting temperature (Tm) which is not commonly compatible with those of silica.
Ph. D.
6

Wavering, Thomas A. "Optical Path Length Multiplexing of Optical Fiber Sensors." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36037.

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Optical fiber sensor multiplexing reduces cost per sensor by designing a system that minimizes the expensive system components (sources, spectrometers, etc.) needed for a set number of sensors. The market for multiplexed optical sensors is growing as fiberoptic sensors are finding application in automated factories, mines, offshore platforms, air, sea, land, and space vehicles, energy distribution systems, medical patient surveillance systems, etc. Optical path length multiplexing (OPLM) is a modification to traditional white-light interferometry techniques to multiplex extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometers and optical path length two-mode sensors. Additionally, OPLM techniques can be used to design an optical fiber sensor to detect pressure/force/acceleration and temperature simultaneously at a single point. While power losses and operating range restrictions limit the broadscale applicability of OPLM, it provides a way to easily double or quadruple the number of sensors by modifying the demodulation algorithm. The exciting aspect of OPLM is that no additional hardware is needed to multiplex a few sensors. In this way OPLM works with conventional technology and algorithms to drastically increase their efficiency. [1]
Master of Science
7

Fan, Chenjun. "Fiber optic sensor based on dual ring resonator system /." Online version of thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11070.

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Utou, Frumence E. "Fiber optic sensors ensuring structural integrity." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1300.

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Thesis (DTech (Mechnical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005
Among the issues that are taken into consideration for many years by Engineers and Technologists is the integrity of the servicing elements in structures and mechanisms. It is a documented phenomenon that after a certain period of time, in service, engineering components tend to change their original state, and begin to develop faults and defects. This includes the original shape distortion due to effects such as bending, twisting, and cracks. The above-sited effects may be caused by the sudden or accumulative effect of overloading, thermal shocks, corrosion etc, which eventually lead to malfunction of these engineering components. The occurrence of the cracks may be as a result of stress variation in excess of different or similar materials; thermal shocks, vibration, etc. A system of structural health monitoring using optical fiber sensors to track down a crack occurrence and its propagation is considered to be a promising method in warning of catastrophic events. Taking advantage of optical fibers' properties and behavior, such as easy interaction with other materials, small size, low weight, corrosion resistance, geometrical flexibility and an inherent immunity to electromagnetic interference, there is potential in adopting the Fiber Optic Sensors (FOS) for structural health monitoring systems. Structural integrity does not confine itself to crack detection only. For example there are many instances where unwanted or excessive displacement may occur. Optical fibers play an important role in proximity sensing as evidenced in the literature [49] to [54] and available commercial systems. However it is felt that FOS displacement sensors may suffer in measurement accuracy due to in situ conditions.
9

Haskell, Adam Benjamin. "A Durability and Utility Analysis of EFPI Fiber Optic Strain Sensors Embedded in Composite Materials for Structural Health Monitoring." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HaskellAB2006.pdf.

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Xiao, Hai. "Self-Calibrated Interferometric/Intensity-Based Fiber Optic Pressure Sensors." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28845.

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To fulfill the objective of providing robust and reliable fiber optic pressure sensors capable of operating in harsh environments, this dissertation presents the detailed research work on the design, modeling, implementation, analysis, and performance evaluation of the novel fiber optic self-calibrated interferometric/intensity-based (SCIIB) pressure sensor system. By self-referencing its two channels outputs, for the first time to our knowledge, the developed SCIIB technology can fully compensate for the fluctuation of source power and the variations of fiber losses. Based on the SCIIB principle, both multimode and single-mode fiber-based SCIIB sensor systems were designed and successfully implemented. To achieve all the potential advantages of the SCIIB technology, the novel controlled thermal bonding method was proposed, designed, and developed to fabricate high performance fiber optic Fabry-Perot sensor probes with excellent mechanical strength and temperature stability. Mathematical models of the sensor in response to the pressure and temperature are studied to provide a guideline for optimal design of the sensor probe. The solid and detailed noise analysis is also presented to provide a better understanding of the performance limitation of the SCIIB system. Based on the system noise analysis results, optimization measures are proposed to improve the system performance. Extensive experiments have also been conducted to systematically evaluate the performance of the instrumentation systems and the sensor probes. The major test results give us the confidence to believe that the development of the fiber optic SCIIB pressure sensor system provides a reliable pressure measurement tool capable of operating in high pressure, high temperature harsh environments.
Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Optial fiber sensor":

1

V, Grattan K. T., and Meggitt B. T, eds. Optical fiber sensor technology. London: Chapman & Hall, 1995.

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V, Gratten K. T., and Meggitt B. T, eds. Optical fiber sensor technology. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1999.

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Krohn, D. A. Fiber optic sensors. Research Triangle Park, NC: Instrument Society of America, 1988.

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Krohn, D. A. Fiber optic sensors: Fundamentals and applications. Bellingham, Washington, USA: SPIE Press, 2014.

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Krohn, D. A. Fiber optic sensors: Fundamentals and applications. 2nd ed. Research Triangle Park, NC: Instrument Society of America, 1992.

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1948-, Pal Bishnu P., ed. Fundamentals of fibre optics in telecommunication and sensor systems. New York: Wiley, 1992.

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1947-, Dakin John, and Culshaw B, eds. Optical fiber sensors. Boston: Artech House, 1988.

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NATO Advanced Study Institute on Optical Fiber Sensors (1986 Erice, Italy). Optical fiber sensors. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1987.

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Richard, Bryant, ed. Fiber optic sensors. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1994.

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Chester, A. N. Optical Fiber Sensors. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Optial fiber sensor":

1

Rogers, A. J. "Nonlinear Optics and Optical Fibers." In Optical Fiber Sensor Technology, 189–240. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6079-8_3.

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Moore, Emery Lightner, and Ramon Perez De Paula. "Optical Fibers and Integrated Optics." In Sensors, 217–45. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620128.ch8.

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Rogers, Alan J. "Optical-Fiber Sensors." In Sensors, 355–98. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620173.ch15.

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Grattan, K. T. V. "Optical Fiber Sensors: Optical Sources." In Optical Fiber Sensor Technology, 239–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6081-1_7.

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Weir, K., and J. D. C. Jones. "Optical Fiber Sensors: Optical Detection." In Optical Fiber Sensor Technology, 293–325. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6081-1_8.

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Nolan, Daniel A., Paul E. Blaszyk, and Eric Udd. "Optical Fibers." In Fiber Optic Sensors, 9–33. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118014103.ch2.

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Spillman, William B. "Optical Detectors." In Fiber Optic Sensors, 63–86. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118014103.ch4.

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Weik, Martin H. "optical fiber sensor." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1173. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_13044.

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Bucaro, Joseph A. "Optical Fiber Sensor Coatings." In Optical Fiber Sensors, 321–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3611-9_17.

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Langford, N. "Optical fiber lasers." In Optical Fiber Sensor Technology, 37–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5787-6_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Optial fiber sensor":

1

Lee, YunSook, TaeHyun Koh, KwangYong Song, and YeonWan Koh. "Fiber optic sensors, in the commercial perspective, here and there in Korea." In Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.2023.m3.1.

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The fiber optic sensors have two major markets: the inertial senor and the distributed sensor. Here, we will focus on the actual commercial products being sold in Korea, and examine their applications and case examples.
2

Lieberman, R. A. "Fiber-optic sensors for environmental applications." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.thp.1.

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The use of optical fibers for chemical monitoring predates communications uses. In recent years, advances in fiber optic and semiconductor technology, as well as in analytical chemistry and biochemistry, have made fiber optic chemical sensors very attractive for a wide variety of environmental applications. Remote spectroscopic measurements via optical fibers (passive fiber optic chemical sensing), including fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy, and often multiplexing many fibers to provide simultaneous multipoint chemical information, have become well accepted in the process control and environmental monitoring industries. Active techniques, in which chemically sensitive devices, or “optrodes”, are attached to fibers, are being intensively studied, and a few sensor systems based on these are beginning to appear as commercial products. Intrinsic sensors, in which optical fibers are the actual chemical transduction devices, have begun to attract wide attention, because of their potential for continuous long-path monitoring. Chemical sensing requirements challenge fiber optic researchers: new optical fiber designs (D-fibers, hollow waveguides, multi-core, off-center core, tapered geometries, and others) are being investigated to enhance fiber chemical sensitivity. New fiber materials (fluorozirconate, chalcogenide, sapphire, silver halide, and others) are being developed to extend transmission into the infrared “chemical fingerprint” region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
3

Lawson, Christopher M. "Fiber-optic electric field sensor." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.maa2.

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A novel type of fiber-optic electric field sensor has been demonstrated. This device was fabricated by fusing piezoelectrically sensitized fibers into a fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer testbed. Quadrature stabilization for the interferometer test-bed was provided by an active homodyne scheme. The fibers were sensitized to an electric field by embedding them in a piezoelectric material that expands and contracts in response to the electric field. The resulting pressure waves modulate the optical path length through the sensitized fiber, which modulates the output of the fiber-optic interferometer. Two designs were used to sensitize fibers to electric fields. In the first design, unjacketed fibers were embedded in a piezoelectric lithium borosilicate (LBS) glass plate. In the second design, fibers were embedded in a composite PZT material. One of the LBS sensitized fibers and three of the PZT sensitized fibers were tested in the fiber-optic interferometer test-bed. The signal to noise of each sensor was mapped out vs frequency, with a reference electric field applied across the sensors. Future efforts will be devoted to directly coating an unjacketed fiber with a thin LBS coating.
4

Bradley, Lee W., Yusuf S. Yaras, and F. Levent Degertekin. "Acousto-Optic Electric Field Sensor Based on Thick-Film Piezoelectric Transducer Coated Fiber Bragg Grating." In Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.2022.f1.2.

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An acousto-optic electric field sensor based on piezoelectric thick-film coated FBG is developed for magnetic resonance imaging. The sensor operates in the 20-150MHz range, addressing challenges of electro-optical field sensors at low RF frequencies.
5

Chu, Yufei, Xiaoli Wang, Abu Farzan Mitul, Mohammed Alshammari, Ming Han, and Farzi Karim. "Multi-channel Optical Fiber-Coil Ultrasonic Sensor System." In ASNT Research Symposium 2023. The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/rs/2023.069.

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We report a multiplexed fiber-optic ultrasonic sensor system with four sensors fabricated on a single span of optical fiber. Each of the sensors is a fiber coil with two identical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) on the ends of the coil that form a low-finesse Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometer. The reflection spectrum of each sensor features dense sinusoidal fringes with a spectral profile determined by the FBGs. The FBGs for each of sensors have different wavelength so that their signal (the reflection spectra) can be separated in the wavelength domain. The sensors were demodulated using a modified phase-generated carrier (PGC) scheme, which involves modulating the phase of the laser to generate carrier signals that can be used to extract the ultrasound signal. The interferometer is designed to have a high sensitivity and a wide bandwidth. Toward practical applications, we integrated the demodulation circuit into a PCB circuit board. The ultrasound sensor system demonstrated here has many advantages over conventional piezoelectric sensors with the potential to overcome the limitations of other fiber-optic ultrasonic sensors, which makes them an attractive option for applications in nondestructive evaluation and structural health monitoring.
6

Maupin, David B., Christopher M. Dumm, George E. Klinzing, Carey D. Balaban, and Jeffrey S. Vipperman. "Design and Realization of Microscopic Optical Acoustic Sensors." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-113926.

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Abstract Optical sensing technologies are increasingly attractive for applications where susceptibility to electromagnetic interference must be minimized. Optical fibers provide an inexpensive yet effective approach to simultaneously transmit and receive signals with high consistency and minimal attenuation. While prior work in the field considers development of various types of miniaturized sensors that have the size profile of an optical fiber, practical design and implementation of such sensors is challenging to non-specialists. Certain sensor topologies rely on construction of internal gratings in a sensing fiber, while others are based on micromechanical sensor structures that are interrogated with prescribed optical signals. This work presents a case study where a microscopic (fiber-sized) acoustic sensor utilizing optical measurement of a mechanical sensing structure is designed and constructed to dynamically transduce pressures in the acoustic and low ultrasonic frequency ranges (below 100 kHz).
7

Tomboza, Wendy, Damien Labat, Remi Habert, Romain Cotillard, Nicolas Roussel, Didier Pohl, Guillaume Laffont, Minh Chau Phan Huy, and Géraud Bouwmans. "Comparison of fiber in line Fabry-Pérot pressure sensors for harsh environment in aeronautic field." In Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.2022.th4.22.

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In this paper, we propose a comparison of fiber in-line Fabry-Pérot pressure sensors with different structure. The modeling and simulation of pressure sensor with different diaphragm and cavity shape is made. The sensor temperature response up to 900°C is presented. Pressure measurement up to 70bar of four different sensors are demonstrated.
8

Nagarur, Aruna R., S. Gopalan, and Carl W. Dirk. "Development Of Plastic Optical Fiber Devices and Multiple-Core Plastic Optical Fibers." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.mb.4.

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A vast amount of research has been done on optical fibers. Most of the work has been done on Glass optical fibers (GOFs). Much less has been done on Plastic optical fibers (POFs), and very little with regards to applications of nonlinear optics.1 Plastic optical fibers are currently under intense investigation and are used for Local Area Networks (LAN), vehicular systems2 and optical sensor applications. Though they have much greater losses than Glass optical fibers they display advantages with regard to easy fabrication, flexibility, porosity and permeability (sensors), optical modification by organic dyes and cost.
9

Kim, Hyeong Cheol, and Jung-Ryul Lee. "Multiplexed Fiber Optic Temperature Monitoring Sensor Using Hard-Polymer-Clad Fiber and an Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3087.

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Optical fiber temperature sensing systems have incomparable advantages than the traditional electric cable based monitoring systems. As of now, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are most popular because of its wavelength domain multiplexing capability. However, grating writing process is complex and takes long time and photosensitive fibers for the typical grating writing process are expensive. In addition, sensing systems for FBGs are also expensive. Therefore, this study proposes multiplexed fiber optic temperature monitoring sensor system using an economical Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) and Hard-Polymer-Clad Fiber (HPCF). HPCF is a specific type of optical fiber, in which a hard polymer cladding made of fluoroacrylate acts as a protective coating for an inner silica core. An OTDR is an optical loss measurement system that provides optical loss and event distance measurement in real time. Multiplexed sensor nodes were economically and quickly made by locally stripping HPCF clad through photo-thermal and photo-chemical processes using a continuous/pulse hybrid-mode laser with 10 m intervals. The core length exposed was easily controlled by adjusting the laser beam diameter, and the exposed core created a backscattering signal in the OTDR attenuation trace. The backscattering peak was sensitive to the temperature variation. Since the elaborated HPCF temperature sensor was insensitive to strain applied to the sensor node and to temperature variation in the normal HPCF line, neither strain compensation nor isolation technique are required. These characteristics are important advantages for the use as structure-integrated temperature sensors. The performance characteristics of the sensor nodes include an operating range of up to 120 C, a resolution of 1.52 C, a tensile strain resistance of 13%.
10

Rivera, Evageline, Dimos Polyzois, Douglas J. Thomson, and Ningguang Xu. "The Development and the Use of Fiber Optic Sensors for the Structural Health Monitoring of Composite (GFRP) Structures." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33864.

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The development of a fiber optic sensor system for the long-term monitoring of composite glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) poles will be presented. There is a growing interest in developing techniques for evaluating and monitoring their structural integrity. In the past few years, fiber optic sensor technology has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional methods of monitoring such as strain gauges. Fiber optic sensors can be attached to or embedded in civil structures such as bridges, dams and buildings. They operate by responding to changes in temperature and strain on the structure. The long gauge fiber optic sensor measures the average strain between two points on a structure. Long gauges are interferometric sensors that involve phase matching two optical paths to create a maximum interference pattern at the photodetector. The strain is calculated using the distance in which the reference arm of the interferometer is moved in order to match the optical path lengths.

Reports on the topic "Optial fiber sensor":

1

Taylor. L51724 Fiber Optic Pressure Sensor Development. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010368.

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Fiber optic sensors have been under development in industrial and government laboratories around the world for over a decade The commercial market for fiber sensors for measuring parameters such as temperature, displacement, and liquid level is now estimated to exceed $50 M/year Aside from the commercial interest, the U S. Department of Defense has vigorously pursued the development of fiber gyroscopes and hydrophones In spite of the high level of research and devleopment activity, however, fiber sensors were not successfully applied in the relatively harsh environment of engine combustion chambers prior to 1991. The goal of this development is to demonstrate the utilization of a new fiber optic sensor technology in engines used for natural gas transmission. Presently, there is no way to continuously measure pressure in these engines over extended periods of operation. Reliable fiber optic sensor networks supplying data to computerized control systems for on-line engine balancing could lead to major reductions in the emission of NO, and other harmful combustion products. Fuel economies in the millions of dollars per year for companies in the natural gas transmission industry could also be realized.
2

Taylor. L51755 Development and Testing of an Advanced Technology Vibration Transmission. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010124.

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Fiber optic sensors have been under development in industrial and government laboratories around the world for over a decade. The commercial market for fiber sensors for measuring parameters such as temperature, displacement, and liquid level is now estimated to exceed $100 M/year. Aside from the commercial interest, the U. S. Department of Defense has vigorously pursued the development of fiber gyroscopes and hydrophones. In spite of the high level of research and development activity, however, until recently fiber sensors had not been successfully applied in high-temperature engine environments. The goal of this effort is to develop and test high-temperature fiber optic sensors and show that they are suitable for monitoring vibration and other instabilities in gas turbine engines. The underlying technology developed during the course of PRCI projects PR- 219-9120 and PR-219-9225 during 1991-94 serves as the foundation for PR-240-9416. Transducers with the fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) configuration have been adapted for use in the turbomachinery environment.To ensure the survival of the FFPI sensors at high temperatures, two techniques for coating the fibers with metal have been developed: electroplating and vacuum deposition. Coated sensors have subsequently been embedded in aluminum and brass alloys. Experiments on a small Sargent Welch turbine engine have shown the high sensitivity of embedded FFPI strain sensors to vibration in rolling bearings. Data have been collected in both the time and frequency domain. A new accelerometer design in which a metal-coated fiber containing the FFPI element is soldered directly to a diaphragm in a stainless steel housing shows response similar to a piezoelectric accelerometer in shaker table tests. The high sensitivity of the FFPI accelerometer has been demonstrated in field tests in a Solar Centaur turbine engine, and the design has survived temperatures greater than 500�C in a test oven. A magnetometer with a physical configuration similar to that of the accelerometer has been used to measure the distance from the sensor head to a rotating shaft made of ferromagnetic material. This device, which functions as a proximity probe, has been used to monitor shaft rotation rate (keyphasor application) and as a shaft thrust position sensor. These results indicate the potential for performing critical measurements in turbine engines with FFPI sensors. They can measure acceleration, distance (proximity), strain (as it relates to bearing defect diagnosis), and gas pressure, and can operate at higher temperatures than conventional transducers.
3

Whitesel, Henry K., and Robert K. Hickernell. Optical fiber sensors:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5018.

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4

Zumberge, Mark A., and Jonathan Berger. An Optical Fiber Infrasound Sensor. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada456389.

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5

Lieberman, Robert A., Manal Beshay, and Steven R. Cordero. Hydrogen Optical Fiber Sensors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/935171.

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6

Rabold, D. Fiber optic temperature sensor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/145843.

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7

Butler, M. A., R. Sanchez, and G. R. Dulleck. Fiber optic hydrogen sensor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/251330.

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8

Onstott, James R. Optical Fiber for Acoustic Sensor Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada261580.

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9

Taylor. NR199202 Fiber Optic Fabry-Perot Sensors for Combustion Chamber Monitor. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011145.

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Presently, there is no way to continuously measure pressure and temperature in engines over extended periods of operation. Reliable fiber optic sensor networks supplying data to computerized engine control systems could lead to fuel economies in the millions of dollars per year. The goal of this project is to demonstrate the utilization of a new fiber optic sensor technology in engines used for the pumping of natural gas.
10

Weiss, J. Fiber-optic shock position sensor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6721455.

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