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Ortega-San-Martín, Luis, Gil Patricia Gonzales, Cáceres Miguel Chong, and Liu Isabel Cabello. "Peruvian Chemistry Olympiad 2016-2017: the path to success." Revista de Química, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123965.
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Los años 2016 y 2017 han permitido consolidar la posición y la importancia de la olimpiada peruana de química a nivel nacional como una actividad que fomenta el estudio de la química y el esfuerzo de superación. Si bien 2016 se saldó con buenos resultados a nivel internacional, los éxitos conseguidos en 2017 han opacado todo lo ya conocido: una medalla de oro y una de bronce en la IChO 2017 y una de oro y tres de plata en la OIAQ lo dicen todo. Han sido los años de la consagración de un sueño a nivel internacional: la obtención de una medalla de oro. A nivel nacional, la Olimpiada Peruana de Química (OPQ) ha mantenido el alto nivel de inscritos y 2017 ha vuelto a superar los dos mil participantes.The years 2016 and 2017 have allowed consolidating the position and importance of the Peruvian Chemistry Olympiad as an activity that encourages the study of chemistry and the desire to improve in today's students. Although 2016 ended with good results at the international level, the successes achieved in 2017 have overshadowed them: one gold and one bronze medals in the IChO 2017 and one gold and three silver medals in the OIAQ. Nationally, the Peruvian Chemistry Olympiad (OPQ) has maintained the high level of enrollment and in 2017 we have again exceeded two thousand participants.
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Editorial, Comité. "OPQ successes and much more. . ." Revista de Química, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100591.
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OPQ, Comité Permanente de la. "2013, the Peruvian Chemistry Olympiad (OPQ) grows up." Revista de Química, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100444.
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La Olimpiada Peruana de Química ha cumplido su mayoría de edad y lo ha celebrado con buenos resultados en las competiciones internacionales de Rusia (45ª Olimpiada Internacional de Química, IChO), donde los alumnos consiguieron dos medallas de bronce, y Bolivia (18ª Olimpiada Iberoamericana de Química, OIAQ), donde cada alumno logró adjudicarse una medalla de bronce.The Peruvian Chemistry Olympiad celebrates its 18th birthday with good results in the international competitions in Russia (45th International Chemistry Olympiad, IChO), where two of our students were awarded with bronze medals, and in Bolivia (18th Olimpiada Iberoamericana de Química, OIAQ), where each one of them managed to reach a bronze medal.
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Chong, Cáceres Miguel, Gil Patricia Gonzales, and San Martín Luis Ortega. "2015, unprecedented successes of the OPQ in international competitions." Revista de Química, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99677.
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El año 2015, durante el cual se han celebrado los 20 años de trabajo de la Olimpiada Peruana de Química (OPQ), ha sido un año de extraordinarios resultados en las distintas olimpiadas de química internacionales en las que Perú ha participado. Destacan las tres medallas logradas en la Olimpiada Internacional de Química (IChO) y las cuatro obtenidas en la Olimpiada Iberoamericana de Química (OIAQ). En esta última, además, uno de los representantes de nuestra delegación obtuvo el mejor puntaje de la competencia. A nivel nacional, la Olimpiada Peruana de Química (OPQ) tuvo una masiva participación de estudiantes (más de dos mil inscritos) lo que nos convierte en un evento de amplia aceptación en el país.2015, a year in which we commemorate the 20th anniversary of the Peruvian Chemistry Olympiad (OPQ), has been a very successful year for our Olympic team in the international Chemistry events in which Peru has participated. Three medals were obtained in the International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO) and four were awarded to our team at the Iberoamerican Chemistry Olympiad (OIAQ). Moreover, in the latter a student from our delegation had the best final score. Our national competition, the Peruvian Chemistry Olympiad (OPQ), had a great success with regard to student participation (more than two thousand students registered nationwide) making it an unmissable event among secondary school students interested in Chemistry.
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Chong, Miguel. "2012, the American adventure of the Peruvian Chemistry Olympiad (OPQ)." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100804.
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En 2012 se celebró con éxito la XVII Olimpiada Peruana de Química y los estudiantes peruanos tuvieron destacada actuación en los eventos realizados en tierras americanas: en Washington DC, EE.UU., donde tuvo lugar la 44ª Olimpiada Internacional de Química, y en Santa Fe, Argentina, donde se realizó la 17ª Olimpiada Iberoamericana.The XVII Peruvian Chemistry Olympiad was successfully held in 2012 and the peruvian students had a distinguished performance in the later events that took part in american lands: in Washington DC, USA, on the 44th International Olympiad, and in Santa Fe, Argentina, on the 17th Ibero-American Chemistry Olympiad.
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Muller, Roald. "Die geldigheid van die OPQ vir die voorspelling van werksukses." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08022004-090308.
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Chong, Miguel. "2011, a year of records in the Peruvian Chemistry Olympiad (OPQ)." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100641.
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La Olimpiada Peruana de Química (OPQ) ha logrado el récord de participación con cerca de 2,000 estudiantes a nivel nacional. Además, el equipo peruano ha conseguido sus mayores éxitos en la Olimpiada Internacional de Química (IChO) y en la Olimpiada Iberoamericana de Química (OIAQ), con un total de 7 galardones.The Peruvian Chemistry Olympiad (OPQ) set a new participation record, with over 2,000 students nationwide. Furthermore, the Peruvian National team achiev edits greatest success in the International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO) and the Iberoamerican Chemistry Olympiad (OIAQ), with a total of seven awards.
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San, Martín Luis Ortega. "Peruvian Chemistry Olympiad, twenty years promoting chemistry among youngsters." Revista de Química, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100005.
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La olimpiada peruana de Química cumple su vigésimo aniversario y en este artículo se hace una pequeña recopilación de la participación de alumnos en los últimos años, de las regiones de las que proceden y de los éxitos internacionales obtenidos por nuestra delegación.The Peruvian Chemistry Olympiad celebrates its 20th anniversary and, in this report, a short review of the student participation in the event along with their origin and the international results obtained by each year’s winners is given.
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Forbes, Adelaide. "The predictive validity of the occupational personality questionnaire (OPQ 32I) in assessing competence in the workplace." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5860.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-70).The dearth of studies available examining the personality-performance relationship have raised criticisms about the predictive validity of personality assessment in recruitment and selection. The Employment Equity Act (Act No.55 of 1998) stipulates the use of scientifically proven, valid and realiable assessment instruments. This study investigated the validity of the Occupational Personality Questionnaire (OPQ 32i) as a valid predictor of job performance at a large financial services institution in South Africa. The extent to which specific personality dimensions could be correlated with job performance was determined. The sample participants comprised 132 employees, performing different roles, across different grade levels in the Administration and Finance job families. The performance rating was the criterion measure against which the predictive validity of the OPQ 32i was measured. This study produced low indices of validity between the criterion and the predictor. The OPQ 32i subscales produced high internal consistency, demonstrating the reliability of the OPQ 32i as an assessment tool. The results do not support previous findings of specific personality dimensions being valid predictors of performance across job categories. The numerous limitations have however highlighted implications for future research, particularly for the human resource performance appraisal process. The need for identification and measurement of specific personality dimensions during the performance appraisal has been suggested, as well as the use of more than one criterion measure to improve the reliability estimates of the criterion.
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Hunter, Terri Ann. "A behavioural validation of Belbin's team roles and model derived from the 16PF5, and OPQ personality questionnaires." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287527.
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Nobre, Michelle. "The OPQ 32i (Occupational Personality Questionnaire 32 Version i) as a predictor of employee theft in a financial institution." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1143.
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Dunn, Lindsay, and n/a. "Management training and change in self-perception." University of Canberra. Education, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060706.162407.
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This quasi-experimental study was to make a comparison between the
level of self-perception prior to and following a training process.
The study attested the view that the action learning based program in
question was an effective mechanism for change in self-perception.
The population studied were officers of the Australian Public Service
and the Commonwealth Teaching Service located in the Australian Taxation Office, Austrade, ACT Schools Authority and the Department
of Community Services and Health. A pilot study conducted in the
Public Service Board in 1987 suggested that an action learning
training process may be impacting on management competencies.
Respondent's attitudes to nine personality variables were measured
using the Saville Holdsworth Occupational (OPQ) Concept 5
Questionnaire. The variables were Assertive, Gregarious, Empathy,
Field of Use, Abstract, Structure, Anxieties, Controls and Energies.
Using the Solomon's Four quasi-experimental design, containing three
experimental and two control groups, pre-test, change and post-test
scores were compared using a one-way Analysis of Variance. Where
pre-tests were statistically significantly different an Analysis of
Covariance was used,
The general conclusion from the study was that the experimental
groups showed an overall insignificant relationship with training
particularly as control groups showed similar differences over time.
Apart from few exceptions the results did not support any strong
notion of positive change in self-perception as a result of a training
intervention.
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Nilsson, Hampus, and Sebastian Olsson. "Jämförande studie gällande materialplaneringsprocessen vid verkstäderna OPS och OPX. : – En fallstudie på Xylem Inc. i Emmaboda." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35989.
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Bakgrund: I dagsläget upplever verkstadschefen vid OPS att materialplaneringsprocessen skulle kunna effektiviseras. I dagsläget är det oklart hur processen utförs och vad logistikerna lägger ner tid på i varje aktivitet. Genom en kartläggning och jämförelse med en annan verkstad vid Xylem Inc. i Emmaboda finns möjligheten till att se på vilket sätt andra verkstäder arbetar med materialplaneringsprocessen. Syfte: Att identifiera nuläget genom att beskriva och kartlägga materialplaneringsprocessen vid de två verkstäderna OPS och OPX för att identifiera var det förekommer skillnader mellan de två verkstäderna och vad som orsakar onödig tidsåtgång. Syftet är också att utifrån jämförelsen ge förbättringsförslag för att tidseffektivisera materialplaneringsprocessen vid verkstaden OPS. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie på verkstäderna OPS och OPX på Xylem Inc. i Emmaboda där datainsamlingen skett genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer och direkta observationer. Först genomfördes processkartläggning av materialplaneringsprocessen vid de två verkstäderna tillsammans med tidtagning av delprocessernas tidsåtgång. Utifrån detta kunde sedan en jämförelse mellan de två verkstäderna utföras. Efterföljande kapitel i studien fokuserar på vad verkstaden OPS kan göra för att tidseffektivisera materialplaneringsprocessen. Slutsatser: Det förekommer skillnader mellan de två verkstädernas arbetssätt på endast en av delprocesserna men det är väsentlig skillnad i tidsåtgång på samtliga delprocesser. Tidsåtgången kan härledas från otillräcklig kapacitet i verkstaden OPS och genom olika förslag på frigörelse av kapacitet samt uppdaterade och anpassade system kan verkstaden OPS tidseffektivisera materialplaneringsprocessen.Background: In today´s situation the workshop manager feel that the material planning process at workshop OPS can be more efficient. The reason for this is that in the current situation, it is unclear how the process is carried out and what the logistics are put in time in every activity. Through a survey and comparison with another workshop at Xylem Inc. in Emmaboda it is possible to see how the workshops makes them different and what causes the time required for the material planning process. Purpose: To identify the current situation be describing and mapping materials planning process at the two workshops OPS and OPX to identify where there are differences between the two workshops and what causes unnecessary delays. It also aims based on the comparison suggest measures to streamline the time material planning at the workshop OPS. Method: The study is a qualitative case study of the workshops OPS and OPX at Xylem Inc. in Emmaboda where data collection occurred through semi-structured interviews and direct observations. First conducted process mapping of materials planning process at the two workshops together with the timing of the time spent on each sub-process. Based on this, a comparison could be made of the two workshops. The remaining chapter of the study focuses on what the workshop OPS can do to be more time-efficient on their material planning process. Conclusion: There are differences between the two workshops working on only one of the sub-processes but there is considerable difference in the time needed in every part of the process. The duration can be derived from insufficient capacity in the workshop OPS and through various suggestions for the emancipation of capacity as well as updated and adapted systems can workshop OPS time-efficiency materials planning process.
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Nègre, Emmanuelle. "Informations volontaires lors des OPA/OPE : de la décision de diffusion à leur influence sur les actionnaires." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU10022.
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Cette thèse porte sur la diffusion volontaire d informations lors d OPA/OPE. Elle est constituée de trois articles s intéressant à une étape différente du processus de diffusion d informations dans ce contexte. Le premier article vise à expliquer la décision de diffusion volontaire des entreprises cibles par une étude des facteurs incitatifs à la diffusion lors de telles opérations. Les résultats montrent que cette décision découle principalement de l influence de facteurs contextuels. Le deuxième article identifie, à partir d une analyse lexicale des communiqués de presse volontaires, les stratégies discursives adoptées par les entreprises acquéreuses et cibles ainsi que les motivations sous-jacentes. Enfin, dans le troisième article, une expérimentation est conduite afin d examiner l influence des stratégies de diffusion d informations et de gestion des impressions des entreprises cibles d offres hostiles sur les actionnaires. Il s avère que celles-ci modifient leur perception de l offre et in fine leur décision d accepter ou de rejeter l opérationThis thesis deals with voluntary disclosure of information during takeover bids. It consists of three articles that are concerned with a different step of the disclosure process in this context. The first article aims at explaining the voluntary disclosure decision of target companies by studying factors influencing disclosure during such transactions. The results highlight that this decision is mainly explained by the influence of contextual factors. The second article identifies, through a lexical analysis of voluntary press releases, the discourse strategies adopted by both bidding and target companies and the underlying motivations. Finally, in the third article, an experiment is conducted to investigate the influence of disclosure and impression management strategies of the targets of hostile bids on shareholders. It turns out that these strategies modify their perception of the bid and ultimately their decision to accept or reject the bid
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Klarin, Christoffer. "Utredning och implementation av OPC-kommunikation med .NET." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för fysik och elektroteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-13624.
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Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att utreda OPC-standarderna OPC Data Access och motsvarande del i OPC Unified Architecture, samt att implementera OPC-kommunikation i ett system. Behovet av en kommunikationsstandard föddes ur det interoperabilitetsproblem som fanns inom framförallt industriella produktionssystem. Med ett OPC-gränssnitt implementerat mellan en datakälla och applikation kan datautbytet ske på ett standardiserat sätt. OPC Foundation, som är en organisation som tillhandahåller olika OPC-standarder, har idag utvecklat två OPC-standarder, Classic OPC och OPC Unified Architecture. Classic OPC består av ett antal specifikationer som är baserade på COM- och DCOM-gränssnitten, vilket gör att dessa specifikationer är bundna till Windowsplattformen. OPC Unified Architecture erbjuder ett säkrare och mer mångsidigt kommunikationsgränssnitt än vad Classic OPC-standarden ger, tack vare dess kommunikationsstack. Den praktiska biten i projektet bestod av att implementera OPC-kommunikation i ett system. Två delmoment som ingick i implementeringen var att skapa en testmiljö samt att utveckla en applikation ovanpå klassbibliotek som behandlade kommunikation mot OPC DA- respektive OPC UA-servrar. OPC Unified Architecture-standarden definierar endast formatet på meddelandet innan det kommer fram till kommunikationsstacken. Det här öppnar upp för möjligheten att i framtiden erbjuda kommunikationsstackar som kommunicerar enligt andra protokoll och formateringar, vilket gör att OPC Unified Architecture kommer att kunna anpassas efter framtida behov och på så sätt kommer att vara ett alternativ för interoperabilitet i system under en lång tid framöver.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the OPC standard OPC Data Access and the corresponding part in OPC Unified Architecture, and to implement OPC communication in a system. The need for a communication standard was born out of the interoperability problems that existed mainly in industrial production systems. With an OPC interface implemented between a data source and an application, the data exchange can be done in a standardized way. OPC Foundation, which is an organization that provides various OPC standards, has now developed two OPC standards, Classic OPC and OPC Unified Architecture. Classic OPC is a set of specifications that are based on COM and DCOM interfaces, which means that these specifications are tied to the Windows platform. OPC Unified Architecture provides a safer and more versatile communications interfaces than the Classic OPC standard provides, thanks to the communication stack. The practical bit of the project consisted of implementing OPC communication in a system. Two parts that were included in the implementation was to create a test environment and to develop an application on top of the class library that dealt with communication with OPC DA and OPC UA servers. The OPC Unified Architecture standard defines only the format of the message before it reaches the communication stack. This makes it possible to provide communication stacks that communicate according to other protocols and formats in the future, which allowing OPC Unified Architecture to be adaptable to future needs and thus will be an option for an interoperable system for a long time to come.
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Hromek, Jiří. "Komunikace OPC serverů se systémem MES (COMES)." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220142.
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The presenting master`s thesis is concerned with leveraging the CCI system COMES firm COMPAS as OPC client. It was described data transfer architecture based OPC server OPC Client with OPC specifications and standards. Further, it was done the analysis of OPC servers from different manufacturers. The output of the thesis is conception and testing methodology of communication CCI module mode OPC client and OPC servers from different manufacturers.
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Rosellen, Markus. "OPE- Algebras." Bonn : Mathematisches Institut der Universität, 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/52337099.html.
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Hrnčíř, Tomáš. "Zobrazování alarmových hlášení systému SIMOTION prostřednictvím OPC AE." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218380.
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In the Diploma Work is described the Simotion commanding system which has been produced by Siemens. Conception of the system and its features are explained. Further, the work deals with the data and alarm transfer among separate systems, an item which has been dealt with by the help of OPC (OLE for Process Control). Its update and specification have been covered with OPC Foundation organization. The alarm report visualization out of the Simotion system to WinnCC environment (which is not a client of OPC Alarms & Events server) is introduced here .
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Ben, Salah Khalil. "Gains et motivations des opérations de prises de contrôle : le cas des OPA et OPE : une étude empirique sur le marché parisien : 1977-1991." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010078.
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L'objectif de cette recherche est l'analyse des motivations des prises de contrôle ainsi que l'explication des rentabilités anormales observées autour de la date d'annonce. Il s'agit aussi de tester un modèle explicatif de la rentabilité. Le modèle est une fonction de la prime, du type d’opérations, de la participation préalable et de la dispersion du capital de la société initiatrice. L'étude a été menée sur un échantillon de cinquante-cinq opérations d'O. P. A. Et d' O. P. E. Réalisées sur le marché parisien entre 1977 et 1991. La procédure d'offre publique se distingue des autres opérations d'acquisition par sa discrétion et par le fait qu'elle s'adresse directement aux actionnaires de la société visée. Ensuite, l'étude théorique des motivations a été menée aussi bien dans le cadre de la théorie traditionnelle de la firme que celui de la prise en compte des divergences d'intérêt entre les actionnaires et les dirigeants. Les principales motivations de ces opérations sont : la synergie, les coûts d'agence et l'erreur d'évaluation de la part des dirigeants de l'entreprise initiatrice (surévaluation ou sous-évaluation). La méthodologie utilisée est celle de l’analyse d'évènements. Les résultats montrent que l'évolution de la rentabilité autour de la date d'annonce est différente entre l'échantillon d'entreprises acquéreuses et acquises. De même les rentabilités sont plus importantes pour les O. P. A. Que pour les O. P. E. Le test du modèle montre que, pour les O. P. A. , c'est la prime qui est la variable la plus déterminante pour expliquer les rentabilités. Concernant les O. P. E. , le modèle échoue quant à expliquer celles-ciIn this reserach we analyse the gains and motivations of takeover operations. We also build a model of the return around the announcement date of the operation. The variables are : the premium of the offer, the type of operation, the previous holding of target shares and the dissipation of the acquiring firm shares. The study was conducted from a sample of fifty five french cash and stock tender offers between 1977 and 1991. The takeover in France is different from the other acquisition rechniques because its discreet and applies only to the shareholders of the target firm. The theoritical study of the motivations was led according to the traditionnal theory of the firm and also in the case of difference of interest between the shareholders and managers. The main motivations o f the operations are : the ssynergy, the agency costs and the over or under evaluation of the target firm by the acquiri ng firms managers. The methodology used is an event study. The resuts show that the abnormal returns are different in the sample of acquiri ng and target firms, also they are higher for cahs tender offers than in stock ones. The test of the model shows that, for cash tender offers the premium is the main variable to explain the returns around the announcement date. For stock tender offers the model fail in explaining returns
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Ek, Johan. "Mjukvaruverktyg för loggning och analys avindustriella processer." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Datateknik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2997.
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This report discusses developing a software log tool for analysis of industrial processes. The target was to develop software that can help electro Engineers for monitor and fault finding in industrial processes. The tool is called PLS (Process log server), and is developed in Visual Studio.NET Framework 2005. PLS works as a client with Beijer Electronics OPC Server. The program is able to read data from PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), trough the OPC Server. PLS connects to all kind of controllers that is supported by the Beijer Electronics OPC Server. Signal data is stored in a database for later analysis. Chosen signals data can easily be exported into a text file. The text file is adopted for import to MS Office Excel. User manual [UM-07] is written as a separate document. The software acted stable through the function test. The final product becomes a first-rate tool that is simple to use. As an advantage, the software can be developed with more functions in the future.
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He, Yang. "The study of bidding strategies of generators in electricity markets." Thesis, Brunel University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249947.
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Johnson, Brandi Nicole. "Dopaminergic mechanisms involved in estrogen modulation of the prolactin response to Orphanin FQ/Nociceptin." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1152115599.
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Anne, Pauline. "Analyse fonctionnelle de la famille OCTOPUS chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112374/document.
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Les tissus vasculaires sont d’une grande importance pour la physiologie et le développement de la plante. Le xylème et le phloème composent ce tissu. En assurant le transport des sèves brutes et élaborées, ils permettent ainsi de redistribuer minéraux et métabolites entre les différents organes de la plante. La régulation de la mise en place de ces deux tissus est hautement contrôlée tant d’un point de vue génétique que spatio-temporel. Parmi les gènes impliqués dans la mise en place des tissus vasculaires, le gène OCTOPUS (OPS) intervient très précocement au cours du développement dans la mise en place du patron vasculaire ainsi que différenciation du phloème(Bauby et al., 2007; Truernit et al., 2012). OPS appartient à une famille de gènes spécifiques des plantes supérieures. Cependant la fonction moléculaire de la protéine OPS reste inconnue. Une combinaison d’approches physiologique, biochimique, moléculaire, cytologique et génétique a permis de montrer que le gène OPS est un nouveau régulateur positif de la voie signalisation des brassinostéroïdes (BR). Les BR sont des hormones végétales impliquées dans de nombreux processus développementaux incluant l’élongation cellulaire ou encore l’organisation des tissus vasculaires. Bien que la découverte des BR date seulement de 1970 (Mitchell et al., 1970; Mitchell and Gregory,1972; Grove et al., 1979), l’intérêt commun que les scientifiques lui ont porté fait que sa voie de signalisation est aujourd’hui très détaillée. Parmi les composants de la voie des BR, la protéine kinase BIN2 en est le régulateur clef (Li et al., 2001) réprimant la voie par son action sur les facteurs de transcription BES1 et BZR1(Yin et al., 2002; Wang et al., 2002). OPS interagit physiquement avec la protéine BIN2 au niveau de la membrane plasmique, pouvant créer une inhibition par délocalisation de la protéine BIN2 de son site d’activité. A ce titre, les défauts de phloème observés chez le mutant opssont restaurés lorsque l’activité de BIN2 est abolie ou lorsque la voie est induite en dessous de BIN2. Ainsi nous montrons que la voie des BR est directement impliquée dans la différenciation du phloème. Plus généralement, une étude de la redondance fonctionnelle d’autres membres de la famille OPS semble indiquer qu’ils pourraient exercer une fonction similaire de régulateurs positifs de la voie des BR au sein d’autres tissus de la planteVascular tissues play an important role in plant physiology and development. Vascular tissues consist on xylem and phloem that ensure sap transport and permit to redistribute mineral and metabolites between different organs. Regulation of vascular tissues establishment is highly controlled in space and time. Among genes involved in vascular tissues formation, OCTOPUS (OPS) gene operates early during development to control vascular patterning and to induce phloem differentiation(Bauby et al., 2007; Truernit et al., 2012). OPS belongs to a multigenic family conserved in high plant. However, molecular function of OPS protein remains unclear. A combination of physiological, biochemical, molecular, cytological and genetic approaches allowed to show that OPS gene is a new positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway. BR are phytohormones involved in many developmental processes such as cell elongation or vascular tissues organization. Although BR were discovered in 1970 (Mitchell et al., 1970; Mitchell and Gregory, 1972; Grove et al., 1979), interest of researchers for this hormone permitted its detailed description. Among the component of BR signaling, the BIN2 kinase is the key regulator (Li et al., 2001) which represses the pathway through its action on BES1 and BZR1 transcription factors(Yin et al., 2002; Wang et al., 2002). OPS interacts physically with BIN2 at the plasma membrane which could create an inhibition by delocalization of the BIN2 protein from its activity place. As such, opsphloem defects are restored when the activity of BIN2 is inhibited or when the pathway is induced downstream of BIN2. Thus, we show that BR pathway is directly involved in phloem differentiation. More generally, a study of the functional redundancy of other OPS family members suggests that they could have a similar function as positive regulators of BR pathway in other plant tissues
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Ferraz, Márcio Leão. "Efeitos do intervalo entre aspirações foliculares e do tratamento com somatotropina bovina recombinante na população folicular e na produção in vitro de embriões bubalinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-11022009-165509/.
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Foram avaliados os efeitos do intervalo entre aspirações foliculares (IEA; OPU) e do tratamento com somatrotopina bovina recombinante (bST) na produção in vitro de embriões bubalinos. Dezesseis fêmeas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (fatorial 2x2): (1) G-Cont7: sessões de OPU uma vez por semana; (2) G-bST7: sessões de OPU uma vez por semana + 500mg de bST a cada 14 dias; (3) G-Cont14: sessões de OPU a cada 14 dias e (4) G-bST14: sessões de OPU + 500mg de bST a cada 14 dias. Os animais do G-Cont7 e G-bST7 foram submetidos a 16 sessões de OPU, e os animais do G-Cont14 e G-bST14 a oito sessões de OPU. Nas sessões realizadas uma vez por semana (G-s/bST) reduziu-se o número de folículos aspirados, de oócitos totais recuperados e de oócitos viáveis (P0,004). O tratamento com bST aumentou o número de folículos aspirados (P<0,0001), o total de oócitos recuperados e a taxa de recuperação (P=0,07). No entanto, nem o IEA e nem o tratamento com bST aumentaram a produção in vitro de embriões bubalinos.It was evaluated the effect of OPU interval and bST treatment on embryo production in buffalo. Sixteen females were randomly assigned in 4 groups, in a 2x2 factorial experimental design: (1) G-Cont7: OPU session each seven days; (2) G-bST7: OPU session each seven days plus 500mg of bST each 14 days; (3) G-Cont14: OPU session each 14 days and (4) G-bST14: OPU session plus 500mg of bST each 14 days. Animals of G-Cont7 and G-bST7 were submitted to 16 OPU sessions, and those of G-Cont14 and G-bST14 to 8 OPU sessions. The OPU session performed every week (G-s/bST) decreased the number of aspirated follicles, and the number of total and viable recovery oocytes (P0.004). The treatment with bST increased the number of aspirated follicles (P<0.0001), the number of recovery oocytes and the oocyte recovery rate (P=0.07). However, neither OPU interval nor bST treatment increased the in vitro embryo production in buffalo.
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Sandqvist, Peter. "Övervakningsverktyg : En jämförelse mellan Zabbix och op5 Monitor." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5297.
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Detta examensarbete jämför två övervakningsverktyg för servrar i ett nätverk, Zabbix och op5 Monitor. Båda är open source och används aktivt av organisationer för att övervaka organisationsservrarnas processorlast, I/O-kö på hårddiskarna, status på tjänster och mycket mer. Dessa två övervakningsverktyg testas och jämförs med varandra ur perspektiven användarvänlighet, funktionalitet och prestanda. Resultaten visar att i de flesta fallen är Zabbix mer användarvänligt medan op5 Monitor i de flesta fallen har bättre funktionalitet. Det visar sig också att op5 Monitor har något högre prestanda än inte bara Zabbix utan även de övervakningssystem som testades av Robin Rudeklint år 2010.
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HUPP, B. N. L. "PARÂMETROS Clínicos e Parasitológicos de Ovinos Mantidos em Confinamento Infectados Experimentalmente Com Larvas de Haemonchus Sp." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7768.
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-03O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer parâmetros parasitológicos que determinem a carga parasitária para intervenção anti-helmíntica, por meio de acompanhamento do comportamento parasitológico de grupos de ovinos mestiços Santa Inês infectados experimentalmente e não infectados (controle) com larvas de Haemonchus sp., mantidos sob sistema de confinamento total. O experimento foi conduzido no período de junho a agosto de 2013. Foram utilizados 14 ovinos machos inteiros, com peso corporal semelhante, livres de nematoides, que foram divididos em dois grupos com 7 animais cada. Posteriormente realizou-se a infecção experimental de um dos grupos com 10.000 larvas de Haemonchus sp., tendo com base os valores e recomendações estabelecidos pela World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.). As avaliações dos parâmetros (Ovos por grama de fezes, Famacha©, peso, proteínas plasmáticas totais e hematócrito) foram semanais, sendo a primeira iniciada 21 dias após a infecção, sendo, portanto os momentos de análise os dias zero (dia infecção) e 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 e 70. Ao término do período experimental, os animais foram abatidos e o trato gastrointestinal coletado para contagem e identificação dos parasitos adultos. Para o parâmetro OPG houve diferença significativa entre os grupos infectado e controle a partir do dia zero para todos os demais momentos analisados. No grupo infectado houve diferença significativa do dia zero para os demais, do dia 21 para os dias 28, 35 e 42 e do dia 35 e 42 para os dias 63 e 70. O hematócrito apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos nos dias 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 e 63, e entre o dia zero e os dias 28, 35, 42, 56, 63 e 70 no grupo infectado. Para a variável Famacha ambos os grupos se mantiveram classificados como graus 1 e 2, ou seja sem sinais clínicos de anemia. As proteínas plasmáticas não apresentaram alterações entre os momentos ou entre os grupos durante todo o período experimental. Para variável peso também não foram constatadas diferenças entre os grupos em nenhum momento analisado. Os animais do grupo controle não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os momentos durante todo o período experimental para todas as variáveis analisadas. A correlação entre OPG e número de parasitos adultos foi considerada forte (r = 0,93). A infecção experimental com 10.000 larvas de Haemonchus sp. não foi suficiente para alterar o estado de saúde geral dos animais nas condições estudadas e, portanto animais com OPG até 2500 não necessitam de intervenção anti-helmíntica quando em condições semelhantes as do presente trabalho.
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Tumedei, Gianni. "Il protocollo OPC UA." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19780/.
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Negli ultimi anni, l’automazione dei processi produttivi sta causando un incremento esponenziale della quantità e delle tipologie di oggetti interconnessi e comunicanti negli impianti di produzione. Tutti questi sistemi devono essere in grado di comunicare tra di loro, nonché che con applicativi HMI (Human-Machine Interface) e gestionali, per scambiarsi tutte le informazioni utili al processo produttivo, e devono poterlo fare in maniera rapida e sicura.
La tesi in oggetto analizza nel dettaglio il protocollo OPC Unified Architecture, una soluzione per lo scambio di informazioni in ambito industriale.
Vengono studiati i servizi offerti da OPC UA che, essendo forniti in maniera astratta e con mapping su varie tecnologie, lo rendono indipendente dalla piattaforma e dal mezzo di comunicazione.
Viene poi analizzato nel dettaglio lo standard di Information Modelling di OPC UA, che permette di gestire virtualmente ogni genere di informazione e dà la possibilità ai venditori di modellare tipi di dato complessi specifici alle loro esigenze.
L’architettura di sicurezza di OPC UA è un altro punto di attenzione, in grado di garantire confidenzialità e non ripudiabilità dei dati.
Grazie al concetto dei profili e alle innumerevoli modalità di comunicazione offerte, viene spiegato come OPC UA costituisce come una valida soluzione per una gamma molto ampia di prodotti, da sistemi embedded per il rilevamento dati a software MES ed ERP.
Infine, vengono introdotti alcuni stack OPC UA open source, e per uno di essi è presentata una demo software.
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Suteu, Silviu Cezar. "OPS-SAT Software Simulator." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-59903.
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OPS-SAT is an in-orbit laboratory mission designed to allow experimenters todeploy new on-board software and perform in-orbit demonstrations of new tech-nology and concepts related to mission operations. The NanoSat MO Frame-work facilitates the process of developing experimental on-board software for OPS-SAT by abstracting the complexities related to communication across the space toground link as well as the details of low-level device access. The objective of thisproject is to implement functional simulation models of OPS-SAT peripherals andorbit/attitude behavior, which integrated together with the NanoSat MO Frame-work provide a sufficiently realistic runtime environment for OPS-SAT on-boardsoftware experiment development. Essentially, the simulator exposes communi-cation interfaces for executing commands which affect the payload instrumentsand/or retrieve science data and telemetry. The commands can be run either fromthe MO Framework or manually, from an intuitive GUI which performs syntaxcheck. In this case, the output will be displayed for advanced debugging. The endresult of the thesis work is a virtual machine which has all the tools installed todevelop cutting edge technology space applications.
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GONÇALVES, Robson Neves. "Desenvolvimento de Servidores OPC DA, OPC UA e Wrappers para aplicação em Automação." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIFEI, 2012. http://repositorio.unifei.edu.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/1205.
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Este trabalho apresenta as informações relevantes para o desenvolvimento de servidores OPC DA, UA e Wrappers. Aborda o conceito teórico sobre a tecnologia e as ferramentas utilizadas para o desenvolvimento, proporcionando a síntese para a elaboração desse tipo de sistema. O estudo é contextualizado em uma situação real de aquisição de dados usando o sistema supervisório Elipse E3, para supervisionar os resultados provenientes do servidor OPC DA/UA e o Elipse Plant Manager - EPM para aquisitar os resultados provenientes do servidor OPC DA (Elipse E3), e ser entendido por um OPC UA Cliente através do OPC Wrapper. Para o Ambiente de Teste foi configurada uma rede MODBUS TCP, com os módulos de Automação da empresa Advantech – ADAM. Para garantir a conformidade dos servidores criados são realizados os testes de conformidade, utilizando o Compliance Test Tool – CTT da OPC Foundation, demonstrando a capacidade de interoperabilidade fornecida pelas soluções desenvolvidas. Após os testes são apresentadas os principais pontos de falhas ocorridas e as respectivas soluções.
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Binaku, Ifete, and Peter Lingbrant. "Debt in Swedish Co-op Organizations and Selling Prices : A quantitative study of the effect of debt on cessionprices of co-ops." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-42030.
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This study is focused on finding what impact the debt of co-op organizations has on cession prices. This is performed through a quantitative method, using multiple multi-linear regression analysis on a sample of 322 observations of co-op purchases in the inner areas of Stockholm in February 2010. The regressions are also applied to different sub-samples constructed within the observations. Previous theories and research on price fixing, capital structure and market efficiency are discussed in the context of the results. This study also presents a brief discussion on the structure of the Swedish housing market. The results show that the debt-ratios do not significantly affect the cession prices. However, the nominal amount of debt per co-op affects the cession price negatively. The results also show that co-op sizes, the monthly fee and the number of rooms do affect the price significantly. Also, common assumptions about co-ops, such as the idea that new co-op organizations would have more debt than old ones, are explored empirically. The market-to-book-ratio of the observations is also calculated in order to explain the results from the coefficient for booked debt and debt-ratios.
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Gemma, Lorenzo. "Analysis of the OPC UA communication standard applied to control systems architecture." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20152/.
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The thesis offers an in-depth analysis on the OPC-UA communication protocol. In particular, we want to study and analyze the possibility of implementing this protocol on automatic machines currently on the market by effectively replacing the entire M2M communication architecture, or in any case by offering the possibility of creating a standard communication system in the Business layer of the hierarchy of the levels of communication.
In order to propose OPC-UA as a new communication system, the first part of the following thesis focuses on research and study of the protocol. In fact, thanks to the collection of data sheets, publications and other documentation available from seminars held in the past years by industry experts, who define the characteristics and properties of the standard, it was possible to fully learn the principle of operation.
Based on the study of this standard regulated by the IEC 62541 standard, specific tests were carried out on a test bench made with PLC of the main vendors currently on the market to test the potential of OPC-UA, thus giving a technical aspect to the second part of the following elaborate.
By considering the limitations imposed by software developers on the implementation of OPC-UA in the development environments of their PLCs, it was therefore possible to write software codes that tested the dynamism, scalability and communication performance between PLCs of different vendors connected together.
Finally, the results of the communication tests between the various platforms have been collected in tables and reported at the end of this document with the aim of evaluating and giving a technical response, followed by personal considerations, on the effective implementability of OPC-UA in the industry.
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Silva, Júlio César Barboza da. "Utilização de FSH durante a sincronização da emergência da onda de crescimento folicular de doadoras submetidas à Ovum Pick Up, visando melhorar a produção in vitro de embriões." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-24032015-094737/.
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Biotecnologias como a Ovum Pick-Up e a Produção In vitro de embriões (OPU-PIVE) tem sido uma importante ferramenta para alcançar o melhoramento genético rápido nos rebanhos, diminuindo o intervalo entre gerações. No Brasil, a PIVE está em fase de crescimento e representa 70,7% de toda a produção in vitro mundial. Contudo a OPU-PIVE é ainda ineficiente em vacas de leite, especialmente devido à sua reduzida população folicular. Muitos estudos têm mostrado um efeito positivo do FSH em gado de leite e corte. Recentemente, a pré-estimulação com FSH mostrou ser capaz de aumentar o diâmetro dos folículos aspirados e a porcentagem de embriões transferíveis. O FSH estimula o recrutamento dos folículos na fase antral, fazendo com que eles possam se desenvolver até o momento em que ocorre a divergência e um ou mais folículos se torne dominante. A hipótese do presente estudo é que o uso de FSH (200 mg), fracionado em 4 ou 6 aplicações, em vacas holandesas não lactantes, com emergência de onda folicular sincronizada, aumenta o número de folículos ovarianos, o número de oócitos viáveis e a quantidade de embriões na produção in vitro. Trinta e seis vacas Holandesas não lactantes foram utilizadas como doadoras de oócitos e distribuídas em três tratamentos: Controle (C), 4 aplicações de FSH (F4) e 6 aplicações de FSH (F6). Todas as vacas foram submetidas ao mesmo protocolo de sincronização de emergência de onda folicular, diferindo apenas pela administração e número de 4 ou 6 doses de FSH, conforme descrito acima. Em dia aleatório do ciclo estral (D0), todas as vacas receberam um dispositivo de P4 (Primer®, Tecnopec-Agener União, São Paulo, SP, Brasil) e 2 mg de benzoato de estradiol (Ric-BE®, Tecnopec-Agener União, São Paulo, SP, Brasil). Três dias após (D3), foi administrado 0,530 mg de Cloprostenol Sódico (Cioprostinn®, Innovare Biotecnologia e Saúde Animal Ltda, Monte Aprazível, SP, Brasil), induzindo a luteólise com a intenção de liberar espaço no estroma ovariano para o crescimento folicular e facilitar a visualização de folículos na OPU. Vacas do grupo C não receberam tratamentos adicionais. Vacas do grupo F4 receberam 200 mg de FSH (Folltropin - Bioniche Anim,al Health, Belleville, ON, Canadá) fracionados em 4 aplicações de equivalentes concentrações em intervalos de 12 h, iniciando no D4 pela manhã. Vacas do grupo F6 receberam 200 mg de FSH fracionados em 6 aplicações de equivalentes concentrações em intervalos aproximados de 12 h, tendo início no D3 pela manhã. No D7, o dispositivo foi removido e a OPU realizada concomitantemente à contagem dos folículos existentes nos ovários. Os oócitos considerados viáveis foram fertilizados in vitro com sêmen sexado de touros da raça Holandesa. Os dados foram analisados pelo PROC GLIMIX do SAS 9.3, utilizando contrastes ortogonais C1 (C x FSH) e C2 (F4 x F6). Não houve efeito de tratamento no número de folículos (C = 53,3 ± 4,9 vs FSH = 51,36 ± 3,1;P = 0,89), número total de oócitos (C = 19,46 ± 1,64 vs FSH = 18,47 ± 1,27; P = 0,55), número de oócitos viáveis (C = 12,57 ± 1,26 vs FSH = 12,70 ± 1,03; P= 0,606), taxa de recuperação de oócitos (C = 36,5% vs FSH = 36,0%; P = 0,48) e produção de embriões in vitro (C = 4,11 ± 0,52 vs FSH = 4,32 ± 0,46; P = 0,79). Apesar de não ter havido efeito no número de folículos, o tratamento com FSH alterou a distribuição dos mesmos, proporcionando o aumento no número de folículos médios (6 a 10 mm). No entanto, não houve efeito do tratamento com FSH no número de oócitos totais e viáveis recuperados, nem na produção de embriões.Reproductive biotechnologies such as Ovum Pick-Up and in vitro Embryo production (OPU-IVEP) have been widely used as important tools to achieve faster genetic improvement in herds, diminishing the intervals between generations. In Brazil, in vitro Embryo Production (IVEP) is growing in popularity and accounts for 70.7% of all in vitro embryo production worldwide. However, the OPU-IVEP is still poorly efficient in high-producing dairy cattle, especially because of their reduced follicular population. Several studies have shown a positive effect of FSH on OPU-IVEP yeld. Recently, FSH pre-stimulation has shown to be able to increase the diameter of aspirated follicles and the percentage of transferable embryos. The hormone FSH stimulates follicle recruitment in the antral phase, in the way that they develop until the moment of divergence and one or more follicles becomes dominant. The hypothesis of this study is that the use of 200mg FSH split into 6 doses in non-lactating Holstein cows with a synchronized follicular wave emergence increases the number of follicles, the recovery rate and the number of embryos produced in vitro. Thirty six Holstein cows used as oocyte donors were homogenously allocated to one of three treatment groups in a 3x3 Latin square design: Control (C); 4 doses of FHS (FSH4); 6 doses of FSH (F6). All cows were synchronized using the same protocol for synchronization of follicular wave emergence, except for the administration and number of doses of FSH as previously described. At random days of the estrous cycle known as D0, all cows received an intravaginal P4 device (Primer®, Tecnopec-Agener União, São Paulo, Brazil) and 2mg estradiol benzoate (Ric-BE®, Tecnopec-Agener União). Three days after (D3), all cows received 0.530 mg D-Cloprostenol (Cioprostinn®, Innovare Biotecnologia e Saúde Animal Ltda, Monte Aprazível, SP, Brasil). Cows from the Control group received no additional treatment. Cows from group FSH4 were treated with 200 mg of FSH split in 4 doses of similar concentration given approximately 12 h apart, starting on D4 AM. Cows form group FSH6 were treated with 200 mg of FSH split in 6 doses of similar concentration given approximately 12 h apart, starting on D3 AM. On D7, the device was removed and OPU was performed concomitant with antral follicle count in each ovary. The oocytes considered as viable were sent to IVEP. Data was analyzed using the Glimmix of SAS 9.3, with orthogonal contrasts C1 (C x Treatment with FSH) and C2 (FSH4 x F6). There was no effect on the number of antral follicle (C = 53.3 ± 4.9 vs FSH = 51.36 ± 3.1;P = 0.89), number of total oocytes (C = 19.46 ± 1.64 vs FSH = 18.47 ± 1.27; P = 0.55), number of viable oocytes (C = 12.57 ± 1.26 vs FSH = 12.70 ± 1.03; P= 0.61), oocyte recovery rate (C = 36.5% vs FSH = 36.0%; P = 0.48) and number of embryos produced in vitro (C = 4.11 ± 0.52 vs FSH = 4.32 ± 0.46; P = 0.79). Although FSH treatment did not affect the number of follicles, it affected the distribution of them, increasing the number of follicles from 6 to 10 mm. However, FSH treatment did not alter the total number of oocytes and number of viable oocytes or embryo production.
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Lopez, Marcio André Prieto Aparicio. "Simulação e bombeio de cavidade OPO por um laser @1064nm CW multimodo de alta potência e polarizado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-05062017-094748/.
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O projeto de doutorado tem como objetivo estudo e montagem de um sistema laser que gere feixe laser de comprimento de onda sintonizável continuamente, com intervalo espectral na região infravermelho (IV) próximo e médio. O trabalho foi dividido em três partes: (i) laser de Nd:YAG @1064nm, (ii) aplicação deste sobre uma cavidade ressonante OPO e (iii) simulação de cavidades laser em anel. O laser de Nd:YAG foi montado e aprimorado a partir de outro laser desenvolvido anteriormente, o qual foi transformado em fonte polarizada pela inserção de um elemento óptico no seu interior. Em comparação com o laser não polarizado, ele apresentou potência de saída com valores relativamente altos, com um máximo de 30W, e melhora do fator de qualidade do feixe de M2<1,3 mais próximo do valor ideal igual a 1 e assim próximo do modo TEM00, adequado para aplicações de transferência de energia. A aplicação do laser Nd:YAG polarizado sobre uma cavidade OPO linear (meio ativo: cristal de Niobato de Lítio dopado 5%MgO:LiNbO3 com alternância de polarização, conhecido pela sigla PPLN) foi bem sucedida, por ter sido observado seu funcionamento pela geração em seu meio ativo dos feixes (λS, λC) sinal e complementar sintonizados continuamente, mostrando que valores de potência e fator de qualidade foram adequados e suficientes para ser testado em um OPO. Foi mensurada na saída potencia de 1W para o feixe complementar, onde a eficiência de inclinação da curva mostrou valores de 20,8% e 23,4% para bombeio pulsado (temperaturas do cristal TC=100°C/150°C), e o valor de 11,1% (TC=150°C) para bombeio contínuo. A aplicação da técnica knife-edge no feixe complementar (TC=150°C/rede periódica do cristal Λ0=31,59m/ λC=2470nm) resultou em fator de qualidade do feixe de M2=5,75(165). Foi realizada simulação numérica, visando estudo e planejamento de duas cavidades em anel simétricas, com sintonização contínua dos feixes de interesse na saída. A primeira contém um cristal PPLN como meio ativo, onde ocorre Oscilação Paramétrica, gerando feixe na região espectral do IV médio. A segunda cavidade possui dois cristais, que são PPLN e Triborato de Lítio (LiB3O5 conhecido pela sigla LBO), onde ocorrem na ordem Oscilação Paramétrica e Geração de Segundo Harmônico, gerando feixe na região espectral entre visível e IV próximo. Foram obtidos dois conjuntos de valores de dimensões para as cavidades, usando base teórica e condições de contorno apropriadas ao realizar os cálculos necessários, fixadas as informações sobre os respectivos componentes ópticos, onde o feixe de bombeio @1064nm focalizado no centro do cristal PPLN possui valor de cintura de feixe pouco maior que 50 μm. O laser de Nd:YAG @1064nm polarizado desenvolvido possui montagem simples e custo baixo de seus componentes, reduzindo o custo do sistema laser final onde foi aplicado, comparado com outros sistemas laser sintonizáveis. Deseja-se estudar o desenvolvimento destes para um modelo de frequência única, usando-o como fonte de bombeio para geração de feixes com largura de linha estreita, visando aplicação em espectroscopia.The purpose of this doctoral project is the study and mounting of a continuously tunable wavelength laser system generating beams in the near and to middle infrared (IR) spectral region. This work was divided into 3 parts: (i) fundamental mode, polarized Nd:YAG @1064nm laser, (ii) its use in a resonant OPO cavity and (iii) ring cavity laser simulations. A continuous Nd:YAG @1064nm laser was mounted and developed, based on an already tested setup, with the added feature of a polarized beam at the exit. Compared with the non-polarized laser source, it presented high output power, with maximum value of 30W, and an improvement of the beam quality factor such that M2<1,3, close to the ideal value of 1. The application of this polarized Nd:YAG laser as a pump source for a linear Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) was successful, generating tunable Signal and Idler beams (λS, λC) inside the active media (5%MgO:LiNbO3; doped periodically-poled Lithium Niobate crystal, or PPLN). For the idler beam, a maximum power of 1,1W was measured, and 3 slope efficiency values were obtained of 20,8% (TC=100°C) and 23,4% (TC=150°C) for the pulsed pump source, and the value of 11,1% (TC=150°C) for the CW pump source. The knife-edge technique applied in the idler beam (TC=150°C, crystal periodic grating Λ0=31,59m, λC=2470nm) resulted in a beam quality factor of M2=5,75(165). Numerical simulations were performed, aiming at the study and planning of 2 symmetrical ring-cavities to generate continuous tunable beams at their exits. The first cavity contains a PPLN crystal as active media, where Parametric Oscillation occurs generating two beams in the mid IR spectral region. The second cavity contains two crystals inside it, a PPLN for the OPO and a Lithium Triborate (LiB3O5 known as LBO) for Second Harmonic Generation (SHG), with the beam of interest being in the near IR spectral region. The polarized Nd:YAG @1064nm laser shows a simple setup and uses low cost components, reducing the final laser system price, compared with other tunable laser systems. The next steps involve research and development of a single frequency laser pump source, to generate single frequency beams in the projected OPO ring cavities for future applications in spectroscopy.
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Jarrige, Domitille. "Déchiffrer le "code OPR" pour une meilleure compréhension du rôle physiologique des protéines OPR." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS632.
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À la suite de l’endosymbiose, le génome chloroplastique a rétréci et dépend maintenant du génome nucléaire pour son expression. Chez Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, les protéines Octotricopeptide repeat (OPR), codées dans le noyau, contrôlent l’expression d’ARNm chloroplastiques spécifiques. La répétition OPR est un motif dégénéré de 38 acides aminés, qui forme un tandem d’hélices α antiparallèles qui lient l’ARN. Une répétition OPR est prédite pour interagir avec un nucléotide spécifique grâce à des résidus variables à des positions précises. La succession de répétitions permet aux protéines OPR de se lier à une séquence donnée. En partant d’un « code OPR » théorique, j’ai cherché à étudier cette spécificité de reconnaissance. J’ai mute in vivo les cibles chloroplastiques de facteurs OPR pour empêcher l’interaction OPR/ARN, puis j’ai tenté de la restaurer en mutant les résidus conférant la spécificité dans les répétitions correspondantes. Étonnamment, les interactions OPR/ARN sont très résilientes, ce qui a complétement changé notre vision de ces interactions in vivo. Des études fonctionnelles complémentaires que j’ai réalisées sur les facteurs OPR MDB1 and MTHI1 ont révélé que l’expression des gènes chloroplastiques dépend probablement de systèmes de facteurs nucléaires. En coopérant ces facteurs auraient une affinité combinée plus forte et seraient ainsi plus résilientsFollowing endosymbiosis, the chloroplast genome shrunk and became reliant on the host genome for its expression. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Octotricopeptide repeat proteins (OPR), encoded in the nucleus, control the expression of a specific organellar mRNA. The OPR repeat is a degenerate motif of 38 amino-acids, folding into a tandem of antiparallel α-helices which can bind to RNA. An individual OPR repeat is predicted to interact with one given nucleotide thanks to specificity-conferring residues at defined positions within the repeat. OPR proteins contain tracks of successive OPR motifs, thus they can bind to a specific RNA “target” sequence and act on it. I aimed to study this specificity, called the “OPR code”, starting with a draft code based on known OPR protein/mRNA couples. I mutated in vivo the chloroplast targets of some OPR factors to disrupt the OPR/RNA interaction, and then tried to restore it by mutating the specificity-conferring residues in the corresponding repeats. Surprisingly, OPR/RNA interactions seem very resilient, challenging our view of how the specificity is established in vivo. Complementary functional studies that I performed on the OPR factors MDB1 and MTHI1 revealed that chloroplast gene expression might rely on complex networks of nuclear factors. By cooperating those putative systems would be both more specific and more resilient
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Alleaume, Clovis. "Etude de la modification de la source dans l'utilisation de la méthode de co-optimisation source masque en lithographie optique : mise en oeuvre et applications." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET4007/document.
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Réalisée entre décembre 2009 et décembre 2012 au sein de STMicroelectronics Crolles dans l’équipe RET (résolution enhancement techniques), et en partenariat avec le laboratoire Hubert Curien Saint Etienne de l’université de Lyon, cette thèse s’intitule "Impact de la modification de la source dans l’utilisation de la méthode de cooptimisation masque source en lithographie optique, et application au nœud technologique 20 nm". Durant cette étude, nous avons pu étudier la technique d’optimisation de la source optique en lithographie, appelée généralement SMO afin de l’appliquer aux problématiques de l’industrie. Une première partie du manuscrit traitant de la lithographie optique permettra de mieux comprendre les problématiques liées à cette étude, en présentant les techniques utilisées. En effet, afin de permettre à la lithographie optique de continuer la miniaturisation des composants de microélectronique, il est nécessaire d’optimiser au maximum de nombreux éléments de la lithographie. La forme de la source optique utilisée n’échappe pas à cette règle et l’utilisation de sources étendues, hors axe et plus ou moins complexe permet aujourd’hui la production des technologies de pointes. Une seconde partie s’attardera plus sur l’optimisation de la source à proprement parler. Dans un premier temps, la théorie de la diffraction sera étudiée afin de permettre une meilleure compréhension du problème. Des simulations et des mesures SEM ou microscope électronique à balayage seront présentées pour montrer l’efficacité de la méthode SMO, de l’anglais "Source Mask Optimization". Cette étude donnant lieu au développement de nouvelles méthodes rapides et innovantes d’optimisation de la source, l’étude prendra soin de présenter des résultats obtenus dans le cadre de cette thèse. Ainsi, la méthode de SMO interne basée sur le phénomène de diffraction et créée durant cette thèse sera présentée dans cette étude et les résultats en découlant seront étudiés. L’application de l’optimisation de la source à des problématiques industrielles sera également présentée à travers différentes applications des solutions proposées. Finalement, un legs de connaissance nécessaire sera effectué par la présentation des différents outils développés durant cette thèse. Une troisième partie concernera l’étude de l’outil Flexray permettant la génération des sources optimisées. La thèse ayant donné lieu à une nouvelle technique de décomposition de la source en polynôme de Zernike, cette techniques sera présentée ici. Elle sera ensuite utilisée pour modéliser la dégradation d’une source, ainsi que pour corréler la différence de source avec la divergence du modèle empirique de simulation. L’étude des sources a été mise en place suivant un aspect industrielle, afin de contrôler l’évolution du scanner de façon rapide. De plus, des simulations peuvent être utilisées pour compléter cette étude. Finalement, une dernière partie traitera de la cooptimisation entre la source et différents éléments tels que le masque et la forme final du motif souhaité. En effet, si la forme initiale du motif souhaité joue un rôle important dans la définition de la source, il est possible de modifier cette dernière, ainsi que la forme du masque en lui appliquant un OPC afin d’obtenir de meilleurs résultats. Ces modifications seront étudiées durant le dernier chapitreConducted between December 2009 and December 2012 within the RET (resolution enhancement technology) team at STMicroelectronics Crolles and in partnership with Saint-Etienne laboratory Hubert Curien of the University of Lyon, this thesis entitled "Impact of changing the source while using the source mask optimization technique within optical lithography, and application to 20 nm technology node. ". In this thesis, Alleaume Clovis studied the optimization of the source used in optical lithography, technique usually called SMO (for source mask optimization) and applied the technique to the industry through several problems. The first part of the manuscript describe the optical lithography generalities, in order to allow a better understanding of the issues and the techniques used in this study. Indeed, to allow optical lithography to continue the miniaturization of microelectronic components, it is necessary to optimize many aspects of the lithography. The shape of the light source used is no exception to this rule and the use of extended sources, off-axis and more or less complex now enables the production of advanced technologies. The second part will then focus on the source modification and optimization. In a first step, the diffraction theory will be examined to demonstrate the theoretical interest of the thesis, and to allow a better understanding of the problem. Simulations and SEM measurements will be presented to show the effectiveness of SMO method. As this study gave birth to several innovative source optimization techniques, they will be presented. Thus, the method of internal SMO based on the phenomenon of diffraction and created during this thesis will be presented and the results would be studied. The application of the source optimization to industrial problems will also be presented through different applications. Finally, a legacy of knowledge will be done by presenting the different tools developed during this thesis. A third part will deal with the study of tool which generate the source inside the scanner allowing the use of optimized and complex sources. The thesis has given rise to a new source decomposition technique using Zernike polynomial. It will be used in this study to model the degradation of a source, and for correlating the impact of a source modification due to SMO technique on the empirical model stability. The study of sources has been implemented according to industrial aspect to monitor the scanner with a quick method. In addition to the Zernike decomposition method, simulations can be used to complete this study. The forth chapter of this study will talk about this implementation. Finally, the last part of the study will talk about the co-optimization of the source with several elements, such as the mask OPC and the final shape of the desired pattern. Indeed, if the initial shape of the desired pattern plays an important role in defining the source, it is possible to modify the latter design shape, as well as the shape of the mask in order to optimize both the source and the target shape. These changes will be discussed in the last chapter
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Villar, Alessandro de Sousa. "Emaranhamento multicolor entre feixes intensos de luz." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-15042008-175327/.
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Investigamos as propriedades quânticas dos feixes de luz produzidos pelo oscilador paramétrico ótico (OPO) acima do limiar, tanto experimental quanto teoricamente. Apresentamos a primeira medida de emaranhamento entre os feixes gêmeos, sinal e complementar. Estes podem possuir frequências óticas muito distintas, correspondentes a centenas de nanometros em comprimento de onda. O emaranhamento entre duas cores possibilita transferir informação quântica entre diferentes regiões do espectro eletromagnético. A demonstração experimental do emaranhamento foi realizada mostrando que a soma de variâncias de observáveis tipo EPR dos campos, a subtração de intensidades e a soma das fases dos feixes, viola uma desigualdade que deve ser necessariamente satisfeita por todos os estados separáveis. Mostramos a presença de squeezing em ambos os observáveis, com os respectivos valores $\\Delta^2 p_- = 0,49(1)$ e $\\Delta^2 q_+ = 0,65(1)$ relativos ao ruído quântico padrão. A desigualdade violada resultou $\\Delta^2 p_- +\\Delta^2 q_+ = 1,14(2)< 2$. Isso solucionou um problema aberto desde 1988, quando se previu teoricamente pela primeira vez a existência desse emaranhamento. Mostramos teoricamente que as correlações quânticas se estendem ao feixe de bombeio refletido pelo OPO, culminando no emaranhamento entre os três feixes envolvidos no processo paramétrico. Tem-se, assim, a geração direta de emaranhamento tripartite entre três regiões muito distintas do espectro. O emaranhamento multicolor amplia ainda mais as possibilidades de conversão da cor da informação quântica, com aplicações em redes quânticas. As diversas melhorias que realizamos em nosso sistema durante a busca pelo emaranhamento bipartite trouxeram uma compreensão mais profunda sobre a física de seu funcionamento, além de tornar nosso OPO uma fonte estável de feixes de luz coerente emaranhados. Este trabalho vem incluir o OPO acima do limiar no ferramental da área de informação quântica com variáveis contínuas. Esperamos em breve aplicações muito interessantes desse sistema.We investigate the quantum properties of the light beams produced by an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) above threshold, both experimentally and theoretically. We present the first measurement of entanglement between the bright twin beams, signal and idler. These may differ in wavelength by hundreds of nanometers, showing different \'colors\'. This special characteristic allows for the transfer of quantum information between different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Entanglement was experimentally demonstrated by showing that the sum of variances of two EPR-like observables, the subtraction of the beams intensities and the sum of their phases, violates an inequality necessarily fulfilled by all separable states. We obtained squeezing in both observables, with the respective values $\\Delta^2 p_- = 0,49(1)$ and $\\Delta^2 q_+ = 0,65(1)$ relative to the shot noise level. The violated inequality resulted $\\Delta^2 p_- + \\Delta^2 q_+ = 1,14(2)< 2$. This solved an old problem, enunciated in 1988, when this effect was theoretically predicted for the first time. We show theoretically that the quantum correlations extend to the pump beam reflected by the OPO as well, culminating in entanglement among the three fields involved in the parametric process. Therefore, the OPO actually produces tripartite entanglement among very distant spectral regions in a direct manner. Multicolor entanglement opens new possibilities in the frequency conversion of quantum information. The improvements we performed in our system in order to achieve this result have brought a deeper understanding of the phenomena involved, as well as a more stable system operation, resulting in the development of a reliable source of bright entangled light beams. This work has finally added the above-threshold OPO to the optical quantum information toolbox. We expect new and exciting applications to come in the near future.
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Pelegrin, Gabriela Ravanelli de Oliveira. "Participação do óxido nítrico na expressão de vasopressina e ocitocina durante sepse polimicrobiana experimental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-20072009-093746/.
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Sepse induz exagerada produção de mediadores inflamatórios, como o óxido nítrico (NO), e causa alterações cardiovasculares, neuroendócrinas e de temperatura corporal (Tc). Na fase tardia da sepse existe liberação basal de vasopressina (AVP), apesar da hipotensão persistente. Uma hipótese para isso seria a inibição da síntese de AVP pelo aumento da produção de NO. Nosso objetivo foi investigar a possível participação do NO, produzido centralmente pelas isoformas de NO sintase (NOS), na expressão de AVP e ocitocina (OT), na resposta cardiovascular e de Tc durante sepse experimental. Ratos Wistar receberam injeção i.c.v. de L-NAME, inibidor não seletivo de NOS (250g/L), ou de aminoguanidina (AG,250g/L), inibidor seletivo da isoforma induzida (NOSi). Outro grupo recebeu inibidor da guanilato ciclase solúvel (ODQ,0,25g/L). Grupos controles receberam veículos (salina ou DMSO1%). Trinta minutos após as injeções, foi induzido sepse por ligadura e perfuração cecal (CLP) ou operação fictícia. Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: 1) avaliação da sobrevida, 2) determinação da Tc, 3) aferição da pressão arterial (PAM) e frequência cardíaca (FC) e 4) avaliação de parâmetros hidroeletrolíticos e secreção de AVP e OT. A CLP promoveu alta mortalidade, aumentou NO progressivamente, diminuiu PAM e aumentou FC. A concentração plasmática de AVP (AVPp) aumentou na fase inicial da sepse e por seu efeito antipirético pode ter contribuído para a hipotermia observada. A razão de expressão para ambos os hormônios diminuiu nos núcleos supraóticos (SON) e paraventriculares (PVN). Na fase tardia AVPp estava basal e sua expressão nos SON e PVN mais diminuída do que na fase inicial. A expressão de OT diminuiu somente no SON. O pré-tratamento com L-NAME aumentou a sobrevida, reduziu a produção de NO até 20h, aumentou PAM e Tc, e manteve a FC semelhante ao grupo veículo. AVPp aumentou simultaneamente à diminuição da razão de expressão em ambos os núcleos. Na fase tardia, o grupo L-NAME apresentou NO aumentado e expressão de AVP diminuída, aparentemente contribuindo para AVPp basal e hipotensão. O L-NAME diminuiu a razão de expressão de OT na fase inicial, mas aumentou na fase tardia. A inibição de NOSi pela AG aumentou ainda mais a sobrevida e Tc. Apesar de não bloquear a produção de NO a AG aumentou a expressão de AVP e OT e manteve AVPp constante e acima da basal. Injeção i.c.v de AG aumentou PAM somente na fase inicial da sepse. O pré-tratamento com ODQ foi o mais eficiente em aumentar a sobrevida e Tc após CLP. Entretanto, não alterou o aumento progressivo de NO, e ainda diminuiu a expressão de AVP e OT. A AVPp basal após ODQ contribuiu para a hipotensão observada durante todo o período. Esses resultados mostram que aumento central de NO após CLP inibe a expressão de AVP e OT independente de GMPc no SON e parcialmente dependente no PVN. A inibição da expressão de AVP na fase tardia da sepse resulta em concentração basal do hormônio contribuindo para a hipotensão. Em nossos experimentos o controle da temperatura corporal teve maior contribuição no aumento da sobrevida durante sepse polimicrobiana do que a regulação neuroendócrina e/ou cardiovascular.Sepsis induces massive production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), and causes cardiovascular, neuroendocrine and body temperature (Tb) alterations. In the late phase of sepsis there is a basal vasopressin (AVP) release despite the persisting hypotension. One reason could be the inhibition of AVP synthesis by the increase in NO production. Our aim was to investigate the possible involvement of NO, produced centrally by NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, on AVP and oxytocin (OT) expression, cardiovascular response and Tb during experimental sepsis. Male Wistar rats received an i.c.v. injection of the non-selective NOS inhibitor L-NAME (250g/L), or of aminoguanidine (AG,250g/L), a selective inhibitor of its inducible isoform (iNOS). Another group received soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor (ODQ,0.25µg/L). Control groups received vehicles (saline or DMSO1%). Thirty minutes after the injections, sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), or the rats were sham operated. The animals were divided into 4 groups for: 1) assessment of survival, 2) determination of Tb, 3) measurement of blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), and 4) evaluation of hydroelectrolytic parameters and AVP and OT secretion. The CLP promoted high mortality and progressive increase in NO levels. It also decreased MAP and increased HR. The AVP plasma concentration (AVPp) increased in the early phase of sepsis and its antipyretic effect may have contributed to the observed hypothermia. The expression ratio of both hormones was reduced in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei. In the late phase, AVPp was basal and its expression decreased in both nuclei more than in the initial phase. The OT expression decreased only in the SON. L-NAME pretreatment increased the survival and reduced the NO production until 20h. MAP and Tb were increased, while HR remained similar to that observed in the vehicle control group. AVPp increased simultaneously to the decrease of its expression ratio in both nuclei. In the late phase, the L-NAME group showed NO levels increased and decreased AVP expression, apparently contributing to basal AVPp and hypotension. The L-NAME decreased OT expression ratio in the initial phase, but increased in the late phase. Inhibition of iNOS by AG further increased the survival and Tb. Even though AG did not block NO production, it increased AVP and OT expression and kept AVPp constant and above the baseline. AG pretreatment increased MAP only in the initial phase of sepsis. The ODQ pretreatment was more efficient to increase survival and Tb after CLP. However it neither altered the progressive NO increase nor the decrease in AVP and OT expression ratio. The basal AVPp after ODQ contributed to hypotension observed during the studied period. These results show that the increased central NO levels observed after CLP inhibit cGMP-independent hormone expression in the SON and partially dependent in the PVN. Inhibition of AVP expression, in the late phase of sepsis, results in basal concentrations of this hormone further contributing to hypotension. In our experiments the control of body temperature during polymicrobial sepsis had greater contribution in survival than the neuroendocrine and/or cardiovascular regulation.
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Vieira, Lais Mendes. "Suplementação exógena com gonadotrofinas para aumentar a produção in vitro de embriões em doadoras Holandesas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-29032017-115200/.
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Nos últimos anos, o emprego da aspiração folicular (OPU) e produção in vitro de embriões (PIVE) têm crescido mundialmente nos rebanhos bovinos. A OPU-PIVE viabiliza a rápida multiplicação do material genético, utilizando tanto a base genética da fêmea como do macho. No entanto, fêmeas de leite Bos taurus apresentam algumas peculiaridades, como menor população de folículos antrais e inferior qualidade oocitária, as quais foram apontadas como fatores responsáveis pela reduzida eficiência da técnica nesses rebanhos. Frente às dificuldades para o estabelecimento de programas de OPU-PIVE eficientes em vacas de leite Bos taurus, três experimentos foram conduzidos envolvendo diferentes tipos de tratamentos superestimulatórios em doadoras de oócitos lactantes e não lactantes. O primeiro estudo teve como objetivo aumentar a PIVE em doadoras da raça Holandesa lactantes e não lactantes submetidas ao tratamento tradicional de superstimulação com doses decrescentes de FSH porcino (FSHp) a cada 12 h, previamente à OPU. Nesse estudo, as doadoras (n = 15 vacas lactantes e n = 15 não lactantes da raça Holandesa) receberam protocolo para sincronização da emergência da onda folicular [protocolo a base de benzoato de estradiol (BE) e progesterona (P4)] e foram submetidas aos tratamentos de superestimulação em um delineamento experimental cross-over. Os outros dois estudos (n = 23 novilhas da raça Holandesa e n = 72 vacas não lactantes da raça Holandesa) foram desenvolvidos para avaliar diferentes diluentes para o FSHp com o objetivo de viabilizar a superestimulação com apenas uma aplicação de FSHp. No geral, os estudos avaliaram o efeito da superestimulação no perfil plasmático de FSH, na proporção de folículos classificados como pequenos (<6mm), médios (6-10mm) ou grandes (>10mm), conforme diâmetro folicular, na PIVE e no estabelecimento gestacional após transferência de embriões. A superestimulação aumentou a proporção de folículos médios, aumentou a competência oocitária e resultou em maior produção de blastocistos por sessão de OPU. A aplicação única de FSHp associado ao diluente de liberação lenta (ácido hialurônico), resultou em semelhante área sob a curva de FSH, semelhante proporção de folículos pequenos, médios e grandes e semelhante PIVE comparado ao tratamento superestimulatório tradicional com doses de FSHp administradas a cada 12h. Independentemente do diluente e da dose de FSHp utilizada, o tratamento superestimulatório resultou em maior produção de blastocistos por sessão de OPU comparado às vacas não tratadas com FSHp. Adicionalmente, semelhante taxa de estabelecimento gestacional foi observada, independentemente do tratamento utilizado na doadora. Portanto, os dados obtidos no presente estudo permitem concluir que independentemente do tipo de tratamento (diluente para FSHp ou dose utilizada de FSHp), a superestimulação previamente ao processo de OPU, aumentou o desenvolvimento de embriões in vitro, número de blastocistos por sessão de OPU e resultando em semelhante taxa de estabelecimento gestacional após transferência de embriões.In the last years, the use of ovum pick-up (OPU) and in vitro produced embryo (IVEP) technology has worldwide increased in cattle herds. The OPU-IVEP enable a rapid individual multiplication based on the female and male donor genetic. However, Bos taurus dairy females present some peculiarities, as reduced antral follicle population and lower oocyte quality, and these factors have been awarded as responsible to the reduced technique efficiency among these herds. Given the difficulties of establishing OPU-IVEP programs with high efficiency in Bos taurus dairy cows, three studies were carried out, involving different types of superstimulation treatments in lactating and non-lactating Holstein donors. The first study aimed to increase IVEP in lactating and non-lactating Holstein dairy donors submitted to the traditional twice-daily porcine FSH (pFSH) superstimulation treatment prior to the OPU. For this purpose, donors (n = 15 lactating and n = 15 non-lactating Holstein cows) received the follicular wave synchronization protocol [estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone (P4) based protocol] and were submitted to superstimulation treatment in a cross-over design. Other two experiments were performed (n = 23 Holstein heifers and n = 72 non-lactating Holstein cows) to evaluate different pFSH diluents to enable superstimulation with a single injection. In general, these studies evaluated the effect of superstimulation on the plasmatic FSH profile, proportion of follicles sizes previous to OPU (small: <6mm; medium: 6-10mm; and large follicles: >10mm), on in vitro embryo production and pregnancy establishment after the produced embryo transfer. The superstimulation treatment improved the proportion of medium sized-follicles, improved oocyte competence and resulted in greater amount of blastocyst per OPU session. A single injection of pFSH combined with a slow release carrier (hyaluronan), resulted in similar FSH area under curve, proportion of follicles sizes previous to OPU and in vitro embryo production compared to the twice-daily superstimulating treatment. Regardless pFSH diluent and dose, superstimulating hormone resulted in greater number of blastocysts per OPU session compared to the non-pFSH treated donors. Additionally, similar pregnancy establishment was observed, regardless embryo donor treatment. Therefore, with the present data, we can conclude that regardless treatment type (pFSH diluent or dose), the superstimulation procedure prior to the OPU, enhanced in vitro embryo development, increased the number of blastocyst per OPU session and resulted in similar pregnancy establishment after embryo transfer.
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S?, Marcus Andr? Ferreira S? "Avalia??o de diferentes press?es negativas na aspira??o folicular transvaginal guiada por ultrassom sobre a recupera??o oocit?ria em ?guas." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1514.
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The present experiment aimed to verify if different vacuum pump negative pressures (150, 280 e 400 mmHg) can influence the oocyte recovery rate per preovulatory follicle aspirated. Hence, 21 estrous cycles from regularly cycling mares were subject to OPU. The estrous cycles were sorted in three groups (G150=150 mmHg; G280=280 mmHg; G400=400 mmHg) in the following sequence: G150= 150mmHg (n=6); G280= 280mmHg (n=7); G400= 400mmHg (n=6). During the estrus, the ovarian activity of the mares was daily monitored using the transrectal ultrasound technique until the largest follicle reached at least a diameter of 35mm and endometrial edema secore 2.5 was identified on ultrasonographic evaluation, when 1000UI of hCG administered intravenuous. Approximately 24 hours after the hCG administered, the mares were monitored by rectal palpation and ultrasonography every six hours to follicle evaluation. In the case of imminent indication of ovulation or formation of hemorrhagic follicle, the follicle would be immediately aspirate. The aspirations occurred in 32,45?1,92h after the hCG administration. The transvaginal aspirations were performed with ultrasound apparatus equipped with a convex transducer of 5,0mHz with polyethylene guide containing a double lumen needle of 12G. The follicular fluid collected from each follicle was frozen and the aspirated content was transferred to a Petri Dishes and thoroughly examined on the stereomicroscope to identify the oocytes presence. In order to statistically evaluate the influence of different pressures on the oocyte recovery, were used Chi-Squared test (a 5% significance) and Fisher Exact Test, when recommended. The recovery rate was 31,57% (6/19), being 16,66 % (1/6) in G150, 42,85 % (3/7) in G280 and 33,33 % (2/6) in G400. There was no difference among groups (p>0,05). From the results of the current study, it is possible to conclude that the negative pressure of the vacuum pump is not a determining factor to increase the oocyte recovery and other aspects would possibly have more significant influence .
O presente experimento visou investigar se diferentes press?es negativas da bomba de v?cuo (150, 280 e 400mmHg) podem influenciar a taxa de recupera??o oocit?ria por fol?culo preovulat?rio aspirado. Para tanto, foram submetidos a ovum pick up 21 ciclos estrais de ?guas ciclando regularmente, distribu?dos em tr?s grupos (G150= 150 mmHg; G280= 280 mmHg; G400= 400 mmHg), na seguinte ordem: G150= 150 mmHg (n=6); G280= 280 mmHg (n=7); G400= 400 mmHg (n=6), definida por meio de sorteio. Durante estro, a atividade ovariana das ?guas foi monitorada diariamente atrav?s da t?cnica ultrassonogr?fica transretal at? que o maior fol?culos atingisse pelo menos 35mm de di?metro e edema endometrial grau 2,5 durante a avalia??o ultrassonogr?fica, quando ent?o administrou-se 1000UI de hCG, por via endovenosa. Aproximadamente 24 horas ap?s a administra??o de hCG as ?guas foram submetidas a exame ultrassonogr?fico a cada seis horas para avalia??o folicular. Caso houvesse indica??o iminente de ovula??o ou forma??o de fol?culo hemorr?gico, o mesmo seria imediatamente aspirado. As aspira??es ocorreram em 32,45?1,92h ap?s a aplica??o do hCG fazendo uso de ultrassom equipado com um transdutor convexo de 5,0mHz com guia de polietileno contendo uma agulha de duplo l?men de 12G. O fluido folicular coletado de cada fol?culo foi congelado e o conte?do aspirado transferido para uma Placa de Petri e examinado minuciosamente ao estereomicrosc?pio para localiza??o dos o?citos. Para avaliar estatisticamente o efeito das diferentes press?es sobre a recupera??o oocit?ria, foi utilizado o teste Qui-Quadrado (a 5% de signific?ncia) e Fisher Exato, quando recomendado. A taxa de recupera??o foi de 31,57% (6/19), sendo 16,66 % (1/6) no G150, 42,85 % (3/7) no G280 e 33,33 % (2/6) no G400. N?o houve diferen?a entre os grupos (p>0,05). Atrav?s dos resultados obtidos no presente estudo ? poss?vel concluir que a press?o negativa da bomba de v?cuo utilizada n?o ? o determinante para elevar a recupera??o oocit?ria, possivelmente havendo outros fatores atuando de modo mais importante.
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Zanin, Renato. "Eficiência da produção de embriões in vitro através de aspiração folicular transvaginal em bovinos das raças Girolando, Brangus e Nelore." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-13122013-152329/.
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O presente estudo foi realizado no Laboratório de Reprodução Animal da Empresa Agropecuária Laffranchi Com. Ind. LTDA, localizada no município de Tamarana - Paraná. O experimento se refere aos resultados obtidos na produção in vitro de embriões através da aspiração folicular transvaginal em bovinos das raças Nelore (não CEIP, Bos indicus, n = 34), Nelore (CEIP, Bos indicus, n = 22). Brangus (5/8 Bos taurus x 3/8 Bos indicus, n = 64) e Girolando (5/8 Bos taurus x 3/8 Bos indicus, n = 52) totalizando 172 animais, no período de O 1 janeiro de 2010 a 31 de dezembro de 2012. Todos os animais foram submetidos à OPU (Ovum Pick Up) totalizando 397 procedimentos entre as doadoras, sendo 104 OPUs em Nelore (não CEIP), 52 OPUs em Nelore (CEIP). 133 OPUs em Brangus e 108 OPUs em Girolando. Com estes procedimentos foram aspirados 7335 oócitos, destes 3597 foram considerados viáveis (49%), produzindo 969 embriões (26.93%), destes foram transferidos 922 embriões em receptoras previamente selecionadas, resultando em 266 prenhes (taxa de prenhes 28.85%). Após a obtenção dos oócitos estes eram enviados para o laboratório acima citado para maturação, fecundação e cultivo in vitro, em um período de oito dias. Os embriões produzidos eram transferidos para receptoras de embrião previamente selecionadas e submetidas ao protocolo de TETF (transferência de embrião em tempo fixo), sendo o diagnóstico de gestação realizado aos 30 dias com auxílio de ultrassonografia transretal. Na raça Brangus recuperou-se um total de 2139 oócitos sendo 967 viáveis (45,2%), destes foram obtidos 272 embriões os quais foram transferidos 241 embriões resultando em 81 prenhezes (33.3%). Na raça Girolando, foram recuperados 1806 oócitos, destes 972 foram considerados viáveis (53.8%) e resultaram na produção de 251 embriões (25.8%), os quais foram transferidos 245, obtendo-se 61 prenhezes (24.9%). Com relação às doadoras da raça Nelore (CEIP). recuperou-se 1850 oócitos, destes 842 foram considerados viáveis (45.5%), resultando em 214 embriões (25.4%), obtendo-se 61 prenhezes (28.5%). Na raça Nelore (não CEIP) recuperou-se 1540 oócitos sendo 816 considerados viáveis (53.0%), os quais resultaram na produção de 232 embriões (28.4%), sendo transferidos 222 dos quais se obteve 63 prenhezes (28.4%). De acordo com a análise estatística observou-se que a raça Nelore (CEIP) teve resultados superiores de (P< 0.0001) em relação à média total de oócitos por OPU, total de oócitos viáveis por sessão de OPU (P< 0.0001), produção de embriões (P< 0.0001) e prenhes por OPU (P
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Neto, Amadeu Batista da Silva. "Avaliação do uso da vasopressina para o tratamento de hipotensão de cães em sepse sobre a função microcirculatória sublingual através de imagem ortogonal polarizada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-24072015-112357/.
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No paciente séptico, utiliza-se como tratamento inicial a reposição volêmica com o objetivo de restabelecer a pressão arterial e consequentemente a perfusão tecidual. Os pacientes não responsivos a expansão volêmica usualmente são tratados com medicações vasoativas. O emprego desses fármacos tais como noradrenalina, nessa situação, torna-se imprescindível, porém a hiporresponsividade do sistema adrenérgico é um obstáculo rotineiro em pacientes sépticos. A vasopressina aparece como uma alternativa, tanto como fármaco de primeira escolha como resgate quando o tratamento com vasoativos adrenérgicos falha. A avaliação da microcirculação é imprescindível visto a sua importância na patogênese da sepse, e no acompanhamento das diferentes terapias. Assim sendo, o presente projeto tem por objetivo avaliar o uso da vasopressina e da noradrenalina no tratamento da hipotensão de cães em sepse decorrente de piometra por meio imagem espectral obtida através da polarização ortogonal (OPS) e sobre variáveis hemodinâmicas, bem como sobre parâmetros de oxigenação e ventilação. Foram utilizados 13 cães em sepse grave apresentando no mínimo duas variáveis da resposta inflamatória sistêmica e no mínimo uma variável de disfunção orgânica na avaliação inicial. Em todos os animais foi realizada ressuscitação volêmica inicial com 15ml/kg em 15 minutos de solução de Ringer com lactato. Caso durante a anestesia a pressão arterial média não assumir valores superiores a 65 mmHg e a pressão venosa central não variasse 2mmHg ou apresentasse valores superiores a 8 mmHg, os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos. O Grupo VASO recebeu inicialmente 0,0002UI/kg/min de vasopressina e o Grupo NORA 0,05 mcg/kg/min noradrenalina, podendo ter o incremento de 0,0002U/kg/min e 0,02 mcg/kg/min da dose inicial, respectivamente, com o objetivo até se atingir a PAM acima de 65mmHg. Foram confrontados os parâmetros de valores de densidade e fluxo encontrados com o OPS nos dois grupos, bem como dados hemodinâmicos e de ventilação. As imagens coletadas utilizando o OPS foram processadas e analisadas por software especifico. Nao houve diferenca estatistica entre os grupos estudados nos parametros, hemodinamicos, ventilatorios, de oxigenacao e da microcirculacao encontrados com o OPS. A frequência cardíaca foi menor no grupo VASO no momento TG quando comparada ao grupo NORA. Os parametros de densidade e fluxo capilar não diferiram do basal em nenhum dos grupos. Deste modo, conclui-se que tanto a vasopressina quanto a noradrenalina quando empregadas para o tratamento de hipotensao decorrente da sepse grave/choque septico, nao prejudicam a microcirculacaoIn septic patients, volume replacement is used as initial treatment in order to restore blood pressure and consequently the tissue perfusion. Nonresponders patients to the increase in preload are usually treated with vasoactive medications. Those agents such as norepinephrine, in this situation, it is essential, but the hyporesponsiveness of the adrenergic system is a common obstacle in septic patients. Vasopressin is an alternative, both like the drug of choice as rescue when treatment of adrenergic hyporesponsiveness. The evaluation of microcirculation is essential for its importance in the pathogenesis of sepsis, and to guide the different therapies. The aim of this project is to evaluate the use of vasopressin and norepinephrine in the treatment of hypotension in sepsis in dogs due to pyometra through spectral image obtained by orthogonal polarization (OPS) and on hemodynamic variables, as well as oxygenation and ventilation parameters. Thirteen dogs in severe sepsis were used, presenting at least two variables of systemic inflammatory response and at least one organ dysfunction variable at baseline. In all animals was performed initial volume resuscitation with 15ml / kg in 15 minutes of Ringer\'s lactate solution. If during anesthesia mean arterial pressure not assume values greater than 65 mmHg and central venous pressure did not vary 2 mmHg or present values greater than 8 mmHg, the animals were divided into two groups. The Group VASO received 0,0002UI / kg / min of vasopressin and Group NORA 0.1 mcg / kg / min of noradrenaline, may have increment 0,0002U / kg / min and 0. 1mcg / kg / min initial dose, respectively, in order to achieve MAP above of 65 mmHg. The density values of parameters were compared and found flow with OPS in both groups, and hemodynamic data and ventilation. The images collected using OPS were processed and analyzed by specific software. There was no statistical difference between the groups studied in the parameters, hemodynamic, ventilation, oxygenation and microcirculation found with OPS. The heart rate was lower in group VASO in TG moment compared to NORA group. The density and capillary flow parameters from baseline were similar in all groups. Thus, it is concluded that both noradrenaline and vasopressin when used to treat hypertension caused by severe / sepsis, septic shock, do not impair the microcirculation
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Johnsson, Tomas. "Development of software package for event driven execution of multivariate models." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126702.
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The BoardModel™ software system is today used as a visualization of, for example, logging of parameters in production and real-time predictions of responses such as formaldehyde emission or moisture content. The system is time based and consists of four main programs, the BMDC (saves and sends the incoming values), the View (shows the result to the screen), the Server (calculates the result) and the HDB exporter (export values to a text file).
This project aims at doing BoardModel™ event based and implement a new interface where the results can be shown. The need of the Server and the View programs in offline applications will be unnecessary, this will make the whole system much easier to use.
To make the system event based, SIMCA-QP from Umetrics AB will be used as calculating engine. An interface in C code which communicates with SIMCA-QP will be made. All other changes to the program will be made in C++.
The final version of the new BoardModel™ is event based, has support for multiple models and multiple y variables. The system also has the opportunity to send the calculated results as OPC. The new BoardModel™ consists only of BMDC with an inbuilt exporter and a new interface where the results are shown.
BoardModel™ är ett mjukvarusystem som används för att visa till exempel värden av parametrar i produktionen och realtidsprediktering av bland annat formaldehyd och fukthalt. BoardModel™ är tidsbaserad och består av fyra olika program, BMDC (sparar och skickar vidare värden som kommer in), View (där resultaten visas), Server (som räknar ut resultaten) och HDB exporter (exporterar ut värden till en textfil).
Målet med detta examensarbete är att gör BoardModel™ händelsestyrt och implementera ett nytt gränssnitt där resultatet kan visas. I och med detta kommer behovet av ett View- och ett Serverprogram att försvinna i offline applikationer och systemet kommer överlag att bli lättare att använda.
För att BoardModel™ ska bli händelsestyrt kommer SIMCA-QP från Umetrics AB att användas som beräknings motor. För att kunna kommunicera med SIMCA-QP kommer ett C gränssnitt att byggas och resterande ändringar av programmet kommer att göras i C++.
Den färdiga versionen av BoardModel™ är händelsestyrd och innehåller stöd för flera modeller och fler y-variabler. Man kan också välja att skicka resultaten med hjälp av OPC. Den nya versionen består bara av BMDC med en inbyggd HDB exporter och ett nytt gränssnitt där resultaten visas.
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Tesak, Jennifer Lynn. "STUDY OF CLICK CHEMISTRY: WORKING TOWARDS ‘CLICKING’ A NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY TO AN APOPTOSIS INHIBITOR Q-VD-OPH." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1335402166.
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Guerreiro, Bruna Martins. "Produção in vitro de embriões de doadoras pré-púberes da raça Holandesa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-24072015-120811/.
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A produção in vitro de embriões em vacas Holandesas de alta produção (Bos taurus) ainda apresenta baixa eficiência quando comparada à de fêmeas Bos indicus. Nesse contexto, a utilização de novilhas de 8-10 meses de idade como doadoras de oócitos pode ser uma alternativa para melhorar a eficiência dessa biotecnologia e acelerar o ganho genético pela redução do intervalo de gerações dos rebanhos. Entretanto, as informações acerca da produção in vitro de embriões originados de doadoras pré-púberes são controversas na literatura. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a aspiração folicular, seguida da produção in vitro (PIVE) de embriões de doadoras pré-púberes da raça Holandesa e posteriormente, a taxa de concepção após a transferência dos embriões. Um total de 120 doadoras de quatro categorias animais: novilhas pré-púberes (PP, n = 30), novilhas púberes (PU, n = 30), vacas lactantes (VL, n = 30) e vacas não lactantes (VNL, n = 30) foi submetido à aspiração folicular (OPU), sem sincronização prévia da onda de crescimento folicular. Realizaram-se seis sessões de OPU com cinco animais de cada categoria, ou seja, vinte doadoras por sessão. Imediatamente antes da OPU, os folículos ovarianos foram quantificados e classificados de acordo com o diâmetro [folículos pequenos (FP = < 6 mm), folículos médios (FM = 6 a 10 mm) e folículos grandes (FG = > 10 mm)]. Posteriormente, todos os folículos ≥ 2 mm foram puncionados e o total de estruturas recuperadas, quantidade e qualidade de oócitos viáveis foram registrados. Os oócitos viáveis foram submetidos à produção in vitro e o desenvolvimento embrionário (taxa de clivagem e de blastocisto) foi avaliado. Sêmen sexado do mesmo touro e partida foi utilizado para fertilização dos oócitos de todas as categorias de doadoras. Os embriões produzidos (n = 206) foram transferidos em receptoras cruzadas (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) de corte. Número de folículos no dia da OPU, proporção de folículos conforme o diâmetro, número de oócitos totais e viáveis recuperados, taxa de recuperação, taxa de clivagem, número de embriões produzidos por OPU e taxa de blastocisto foram variáveis analisadas pelo procedimento GLIMMIX do SAS® e a taxa de concepção pelo teste exato de Fisher. Não foi observada diferença entre os grupos experimentais quanto ao número total de folículos aspirados (PP: 18,3 ± 2,1; PU: 17,3 ± 1,2; VL: 14,0 ± 1,0; VNL: 17,7 ± 1,7; P = 0,08). Entretanto, verificou-se que as doadoras PP apresentaram maior proporção de folículos pequenos (PP: 58,4% a; PU: 45,7% b; VL: 41,7% b; VNL: 50,6% b; P < 0,0001) quando comparado às demais categorias. Apesar do semelhante número de oócitos totais recuperados (PP: 14,2 ± 2,2; PU: 13,1 ± 1,1; VL: 9,8 ± 1,1; VNL: 14,6 ± 1,7; P = 0,12), PP apresentaram quantidades intermediárias de oócitos viáveis (PP: 10,5 ± 1,8ab; PU: 8,3 ± 0,8 ab), sendo que VNL obtiveram maior número de oócitos viáveis (11,5 ± 1,4 a; P = 0,03) quando comparadas às VL (6,5 ± 0,9 b). Ainda, doadoras PP apresentaram menor taxa de clivagem (PP: 68,6% b; PU: 98,8% a; VL: 87,6% a; VNL: 90,1% a; P < 0,0001), menor número de embriões produzidos por sessão de OPU (PP: 0,5 ± 0,2 b; PU: 1,1 ± 0,2 b; VL: 1,2 ± 0,4 b; VNL: 4,2 ± 0,6 a; P < 0,0001) e menor taxa de blastocisto (PP: 4,8% c; PU: 12,7% b; VL: 18,0% b; VNL: 36,5% a; P < 0,0001) quando comparada às demais categorias. Por fim, observou-se diferença na taxa de concepção após transferência de embriões oriundos de doadoras novilhas e vacas [PP: 0,0% (0/15) b; PU: 9,7% (3/28) b; VL: 28,6% (10/25) a; VNL: 32,7% (36/74) a; P < 0,05]. Dessa forma, conclui-se que doadoras pré-púberes da raça Holandesa apresentam baixa competência para produção in vitro de embriões, sendo vacas não lactantes a categoria mais eficiente para programas de PIVE. Ainda, embriões de novilhas pré-púberes apresentam taxas de concepção inferiores a de embriões de vacas lactantes e não lactantes. Entretanto, taxas de concepção semelhantes foram verificadas entre embriões de novilhas pré-púbere e púberes.The in vitro embryo production of high productive dairy cows (Bos taurus) presents low efficiency in comparison to Bos indicus females. In this context, the use of heifers of 8-10 months age as oocyte donors could be an alternative in order to improve results of this biotechnology and accelerate the genetic gain by the reduction of the interval between generations. However, informations about the in vitro production of embryos coming from prepubertal donors are controversial at literacture. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo ovum pick-up (OPU), followed by in vitro embryo production of prepubertal Holstein donors and the conception rate after embryo transfer. The study was performed at Santa Rita farm, with a completely randomized experimental design, performed in six consecutive replicates with distinct animals. A total of 120 donors of four animal categories: prepubertal heifers (PP, n = 30), pubertal heifers (PU, n = 30), lactating cows (LC, n = 30) and non-lactating cows (NLC, n = 30) were submitted to OPU without previous synchronization of follicular wave. Six OPU sessions ware performed with five animals of each category i.e., 20 donors per session. Immediately before the OPU, all follicles were quantified and classified according to their diameter [small (SF ≤ 6 mm), medium (MF = 6 to 10 mm) and large (LF ≥ 10 mm) follicles]. Subsequently, all visible follicles (≥ 2 mm) were punctured and the total recovered structures, quantity and quality of viable oocytes were registered. All viable oocytes were submitted to the in vitro embryo production and their development (cleavage and blastocyst rate) was evaluated. Sex-sorted sperm from the same bull and semen batch were used for the oocytes fertilization of all donor categories. The embryos produced (n = 206) were transferred in crossbred recipients (Bos taurus x Bos indicus). Number of follicles at OPU day, proportion of follicles according to its diameter, number of total and viable oocytes, recovery rate, clivage rate, number of embryos produced per OPU and blastocyst rate were the variables analyzed by the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS® and conception rate by the Fishers exact test. No difference was observed between the experimental groups, regarding the total number of aspirated follicles (PP: 18.3 ± 2.1; PU: 17.3 ± 1.2; LC: 14.0 ± 1.0; NLC: 17.7 ± 1.7; P = 0.08). However, PP donors presented higher proportion of small follicles (PP: 58.4% a; PU: 45.7% b; LC: 41.7% b; NLC: 50.6% b; P < 0.0001) in comparison to other categories. Despite the similar number of total recovered oocytes (PP: 14.2 ± 2.2; PU: 13.1 ± 1.1; LC: 9.8 ± 1.1; NLC: 14.6 ± 1.7; P = 0.12), PP presented intermediate quantity of viable oocytes (PP: 10.5 ± 1.8 ab; PU: 8.3 ± 0.8 ab) and NLC produced more viable oocytes (11.5 ± 1.4 a; P = 0.03) in comparison to LC (6.5 ± 0.9 b). Still, PP donors presented lower clivage rate (PP: 68.6% b; PU: 98.8% a; LC: 87.6 a; NLC: 90.1 a; P < 0.0001), fewer embryos produced per OPU session (PP: 0.5 ± 0.2 b; PU: 1.1 ± 0.2 b; LC: 1.2 ± 0,4 b; NLC: 4.2 ± 0.6 a; P < 0.0001) and lower blastocyst rate (PP: 4.8% c; PU: 12.7% b; LC: 18.0% b; NLC: 36.5% a; P < 0.0001) in comparison to other categories. Lastly, it was observed a different conception rate among heifers and adult cows [PP: 0.0% (0/15)b; PU: 9.7% (3/28)b; LC: 28.6% (10/25)a; NLC: 32.7% (36/74)a; P < 0.05]. Thus, it is concluded that prepubertal Holstein donors present low competence for in vitro embryo production, being non-lactating cows the most efficient category for IVEP. Yet, PP embryos resulted in inferior conception rate in comparison to LC and NLC embryos. However, similar conception rate was verified between PP and PU embryos.
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Bayeux, Bernardo Marcozzi. "Efeito da categoria (pré púberes, púberes e prenhes) na produção in vitro de embriões de novilhas da raça Holandesa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-25082017-110054/.
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a produção in vitro de embriões (PIVE) em novilhas da raça Holandesa. Um total de 179 novilhas de três categorias [novilhas pré púberes (PP), n = 60; novilhas púberes (PU), n = 60 e novilhas prenhes (PR), n = 59)] foram submetidas à aspiração folicular (OPU) sem sincronização prévia da onda de crescimento folicular. Realizaram-se seis sessões de OPU com dez animais de cada categoria por réplica. O total de estruturas recuperadas e a quantidade e qualidade de oócitos foram registrados. Os oócitos viáveis foram submetidos à PIVE e foi avaliado o desenvolvimento embrionário (taxa de clivagem e de blastocisto). Foi utilizado sêmen de um único touro e de mesma partida para fertilização dos oócitos. As variáveis foram analisadas pelo procedimento GLIMMIX do SAS®. Novilhas PU apresentaram maior população folicular quando comparadas às novilhas PP e PR (PP = 13,7b± 1,43; PU = 20,2 ± 1,64a; PR = 14,0 ± 1,74b; P = 0,0002). Não foi verificada diferença na taxa de recuperação de oócitos entre os grupos experimentais (PP = 66,6%; PU = 75,4%; PR = 62,9%; P = 0,26). No entanto, houve maior número de oócitos recuperados em novilhas PU quando comparado às demais categorias (PP = 9,75 ± 1,29b; PU = 15,6 ± 1,42a; PR = 9,85 ± 1,60b; P = 0,002). Não houve diferença na taxa de oócitos viáveis (PP = 48,5%; PU = 58,9% e PR = 58,3%; P = 0,41), entretanto, a taxa de clivagem foi inferior em novilhas PP (PP = 28,2%c; PU = 55,2%b; PR = 67,8%a; P < 0,0001). Além disso, a taxa de blastocisto (PP = 2,3%c; PU = 11,9%b; PR = 20,3%a; P < 0,0001) e o número de embriões produzidos por OPU (PP = 0,13 ± 0,05c; PU = 0,90 ± 0,17b; PR = 1,76 ± 0.32a; P < 0,0001) foi inferior em novilhas PP. Os dados do presente estudo são indicativos de que novilhas PR apresentam maior eficiência na PIVE quando comparadas às novilhas PP e PU. Ainda, observa-se que os resultados da PIVE em novilhas PP são significativamente inferiores às novilhas PU.O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a produção in vitro de embriões (PIVE) em novilhas da raça Holandesa. Um total de 179 novilhas de três categorias [novilhas pré púberes (PP), n = 60; novilhas púberes (PU), n = 60 e novilhas prenhes (PR), n = 59)] foram submetidas à aspiração folicular (OPU) sem sincronização prévia da onda de crescimento folicular. Realizaram-se seis sessões de OPU com dez animais de cada categoria por réplica. O total de estruturas recuperadas e a quantidade e qualidade de oócitos foram registrados. Os oócitos viáveis foram submetidos à PIVE e foi avaliado o desenvolvimento embrionário (taxa de clivagem e de blastocisto). Foi utilizado sêmen de um único touro e de mesma partida para fertilização dos oócitos. As variáveis foram analisadas pelo procedimento GLIMMIX do SAS®. Novilhas PU apresentaram maior população folicular quando comparadas às novilhas PP e PR (PP = 13,7b± 1,43; PU = 20,2 ± 1,64a; PR = 14,0 ± 1,74b; P = 0,0002). Não foi verificada diferença na taxa de recuperação de oócitos entre os grupos experimentais (PP = 66,6%; PU = 75,4%; PR = 62,9%; P = 0,26). No entanto, houve maior número de oócitos recuperados em novilhas PU quando comparado às demais categorias (PP = 9,75 ± 1,29b; PU = 15,6 ± 1,42a; PR = 9,85 ± 1,60b; P = 0,002). Não houve diferença na taxa de oócitos viáveis (PP = 48,5%; PU = 58,9% e PR = 58,3%; P = 0,41), entretanto, a taxa de clivagem foi inferior em novilhas PP (PP = 28,2%c; PU = 55,2%b; PR = 67,8%a; P < 0,0001). Além disso, a taxa de blastocisto (PP = 2,3%c; PU = 11,9%b; PR = 20,3%a; P < 0,0001) e o número de embriões produzidos por OPU (PP = 0,13 ± 0,05c; PU = 0,90 ± 0,17b; PR = 1,76 ± 0.32a; P < 0,0001) foi inferior em novilhas PP. Os dados do presente estudo são indicativos de que novilhas PR apresentam maior eficiência na PIVE quando comparadas às novilhas PP e PU. Ainda, observa-se que os resultados da PIVE em novilhas PP são significativamente inferiores às novilhas PU. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro embryo production in Holstein heifers. A total of 179 heifers of three categories [prepubertal heifers (PP), n = 60; pubertal heifers (PU), n = 60 and; pregnant heifers (PR), n = 59)] were submitted to Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) without previous synchronization of follicular wave. Six OPU sessions were conducted with ten animals of each category per session. The total number of retrieved structures and the quantity and quality of the oocytes were registered. The viable oocytes were submitted to in vitro embryo production and the embryonic development (cleavage and blastocyst rates) was assessed. Semen from a single sire was used for oocytes fertilization. The variables were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS®. PU heifers presented greater follicular population when compared to the PP and PR heifers (PP = 13.7b ± 1.43; PU = 20.2 ± 1.64a; PR = 14.0± 1.74b; P = 0.0002). No difference was observed among the experimental groups regarding the oocyte recovery rate (PP = 66.6%; PU = 75.4%; PR = 62.9%; P = 0.26). However, PU heifers had more recovered oocytes when compared to the other categories (PP = 9.75 ± 1.29b; PU = 15.6 ± 1.42a; PR = 9.85 ± 1.60b; P = 0.002). There was no significant differences on the viable oocytes rate (PP = 48.5%; PU = 58.9% and PR = 58.3%; P = 0.41). Moreover, the cleavage rate was lower in PP heifers (PP = 28.2%c; PU = 55.2%b; PR = 67.8%a; P < 0.0001). The blastocyst rate (PP = 2.3%c; PU = 11.9%b; PR = 20.3%a; P < 0.0001) and the number of produced embryos per OPU (PP = 0.13 ± 0.05c; PU = 0.90 ± 0.17b; PR = 1.76 ± 0.32a; P < 0.0001) was lower for PP heifers. The data of the present study indicate that PR heifers present higher efficacy on the in vitro embryo production when compared to PP and PU heifers. Furthermore, it is observed that the IVEP results in PP heifers is significantly inferior to PU heifers.
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Daugaard, Andreas, and Daniel Nyberg. "Production capacity enhancements through production line simulations." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300131.
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The thesis project described in this report was conducted at Scania CV (Scania), which is a global company that delivers transport solutions to customers all around the globe. The project was conducted as a simulation study of the production flow of the output shaft manufacturing line UGA (Utgående Axel), located at the transmission department (DX) in Södertälje. The main objectives for the simulation study was to identify possible enhancements to increase the line-capacity and -OPE, and based on the findings provide a set of recommended actions Scania can take to increase the performance of the production line. To conduct the project was a simulation model developed in another master’s thesis back in 2019 provided to the authors. But since both the production line and the products manufactured at UGA line have been subjected to changes since 2019 was this model outdated and the validity of the model had to be confirmed. Therefore was a thorough current state description developed that was utilized to identify the gap between the simulation model from 2019 and the current state at the productionline. Based on the gap-analysis was it decided that the model from 2019 did not reflect UGA line in its current state to a satisfying degree. Therefore was a new simulation model developed, which then was updated with new input data. During the development of the new simulation model was the old model used as a template where the features that still accurately described UGA line was retained. The new simulation model was validated by a comparison between simulated throughput from the simulation model and historical throughput from UGA line. The validation showed a difference in mean weekly throughput of 0,3 %. It was therefore concluded that the simulation model accurately describe UGA line in its current state. The validated model was then used to simulate a number of different scenarios, and the result was analysed to find different areas for improvements. Finally was the result from the analysis compiled as recommended actions, that in turn was divided into short- and long-term actions. Where the actions categorised as short term concerns actions that could bring improvements to the existing production line, while the long-term actions require reconfigurations of the layout to be realized. The result showed that continue working on decreasing cycle times to achieve the defined goal cycletimes will have a positive effect on the lines capacity, but not on the overall line OPE. The reason for this is that the effect from other losses in the production line will increase when the cycle times become more uniform. But since the capacity will be significantly improved as the goal cycle time is reached, is Scania still recommended to continue their work with cycle time reduction, and if possible reduce the cycle times in some specific machines below the current goal. In addition is Scania in short-term recommended to identify and reduce the undefined stop time that frequently occur, reduce quality losses and improve machine availability. Regarding the long-term actions is Scania recommended to investigate the possibility to reconfigure UGA line. The simulations showed that both increasing buffer sizes at strategic positions to improve bottleneck utilization, or decouple the line to make it less sensitive will positively affect the capacity and OPE. In addition did the simulations of the combination of these two configurations show the greatest improvement among all simulations. Scania is therefore recommended to investigate the business case around either of these configurations or a combination of both.Examensarbetet som beskrivs i denna rapport genomfördes hos Scania CV (Scania), vilket är ett globalt företag som levererar transportlösningar till kunder över hela världen. Projektet genomfördes som en simuleringsstudie av produktionsflödet hos produktionslinjen för utgående axlar, UGA-linjen (Utgående Axel), som är belägen på transmissionsavdelningen (DX) i Södertälje. De huvudsakliga målen för simuleringsstudien var att identifiera möjliga förbättringar för att öka linjekapaciteten och -OPE, och baserat på resultaten tillhandahålla en uppsättning rekommenderade åtgärder Scania kan vidta för att öka produktionslinjens prestanda. För att genomföra projektet tilldelades författarna en simuleringsmodell som utvecklats i ett tidigare examensarbete under 2019. Eftersom både produktionslinjen och produkterna som tillverkats på UGA-linjen har genomgått förändringar sedan 2019 ansågs modell vara föråldrad och modellens validitet behövde bekräftas. Därför arbetades en grundlig nulägesbeskrivning fram som sedan användes för att identifiera gapet mellan simuleringsmodellen från 2019 och nuläget vid produktionslinjen. Baserat på gap-analysen konstaterades det att modellen från 2019 inte återspeglade UGA-linjen till en tillfredsställande grad. Därför utvecklades en ny simulerings modell som sedan uppdaterades med ny indata. Under utvecklingen av den nya simuleringsmodellen användes den gamla modellen som en mall där de funktioner som fortfarande beskrev UGA-linjen på ett bra sätt bibehölls. Den nya simuleringsmodellen validerades genom en jämförelse mellan simulerad produktion och historiskt rapporterad produktion från UGA-linjen. Valideringen visade en skillnad i genomsnittligt antal producerade produkter per vecka på 0,3%. De konstaterades därför att simuleringsmodellen på ett tillförlitligt sätt beskriver UGA-linjen i sitt nuvarande tillstånd. Den validerade modellen användes sedan för att simulera ett antal olika scenarier vars resultat analyserades för att hitta olika förbättringsområden. Slutligen sammanställd resultaten från analysen som rekommenderade åtgärder, som i sin tur delades in i åtgärder på kort- och lång-sikt. De åtgärder som kategoriserats som kortsiktiga är åtgärder som kan medföra förbättringar av den befintliga produktionslinjen, medan de långsiktiga åtgärderna kräver förändring av layouten för att genomföras. Resultatet visade att fortsatta arbetet med att minska cykeltider för att uppnå de uppsatta målcykeltiderna kommer att ha en positiv effekt på linjekapaciteten, men inte på total OPE för linjen. Anledningen till detta är att effekten av andra förluster i produktionslinjen ökar när variationen i cykeltid mellan maskinerna minskar. Men eftersom kapaciteten kommer att öka markant om målcykeltiderna uppnås rekommenderas Scania att fortsätta arbeta med cykeltidsreducering och om möjligt minska cykeltiderna under det nuvarande målet för vissa maskiner. Dessutom rekommenderas Scania på kort sikt att; identifiera och minska den odefinierade stopptid som ofta förekommer, minska kvalitetsförluster och förbättra maskintillgängligheten. När det gäller de långsiktiga åtgärderna rekommenderas Scania att undersöka möjligheten att bygga om UGA-linjen. Detta eftersom simuleringarna visade att både ökade buffertstorlekar vid strategiska positioner för att förbättra utnyttjandegraden hos flaskhalsmaskinerna, och att koppla isär linjen för att göra den mindre känslig kommer att påverka både kapacitet och OPE positivt. Dessutom visade simuleringarna av kombinationen av dessa två konfigurationer den största förbättringen bland alla simuleringar. Scania rekommenderas därför att undersöka möjligheten kring någon av dessa konfigurationer eller en kombination av båda.
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Juráňová, Zuzana. "Design panoramatického zubního rentgenu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241902.
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The topic of this thesis is design of a panoramic X-ray. The main contribution is a new view on ergonomics of operator and a possibility of seating for patient. The aim is to create a device with innovative seating incorporated into the supporting leg of the machine, and to improve an ergonomics of machine manipulation. But it is also necessary to maintain all the technical, ergonomic, aesthetic and environmental requirements. The final draft should be able compete with existing products on the market.
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Mutere, Absalom Aggrey. "Media graduation from potential to actual power in africa's conflict resolution: Experience from the east and horn of Africa/ by Absalom Mutere." Durban: Accord, 2006. http://www.accord.org.za/downloads/op/op_2006_1.pdf.
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Bailey, Sam MPH, and Nathan PhD MPH Hale. "Patient Choice to Opt-In or Opt-Out of Telephonic Health-Related Social Need Navigation Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/230.
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Background: Ballad Health participates in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ (CMS) Accountable Health Communities (AHC) model. The AHC model is evaluating if universal screening, referral, and navigation services for health-related social needs (HRSN) can improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary utilization and costs of health care services. To ensure the evaluation of the model has sufficient statistical power, navigation services are expected to be provided to a minimum number of individuals. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of Ballad Health’s AHC navigation services that could be modified to improve opt-in rates.
Methods: The primary outcome measure was identified as whether a beneficiary contacted via telephone opted-in or –out of the navigation program. Andersen’s Behavioral Model for Health Service Use was used as the conceptual framework for selecting covariates of interest. Enabling factors were of primary interest because alternate interventions may be designed around them. Data was pulled for the time period of November 17, 2018 through February 14, 2019. Where possible, covariates were associated with data from CMS’ AHC Data Template v3.1 to accommodate replication for all AHC bridge organizations, though additional internally-collected data, which may not be available for all bridge organizations, were needed for some variables. Chi-squared tests were performed for each covariate.
Results: No statistical differences were found for the primary covariates of interest. Opt-in rates by Navigator were lowest for Navigator 5 and highest for Navigator 4 (67.53% and 88.24%). Opt-in rates by weekday of decision were lowest on Thursdays and highest on Wednesdays (64.91% and 77.42%). Opt-in rates based on time of day were lowest between 8:00am and 9:59am, and highest between 12:00pm and 1:59pm (62.50% and 100%). Opt-in rates were lowest when the decision was made six days after the screening and highest when made the same day (53.57% and 83.33%). Opt-in rates were lowest when there were five weekdays between screening and navigation decision, and highest when there were three weekdays between the screening and decision (60% and 90%). Other non-process covariates of interest that were statistically significant for opt-in rates were the presence of either food, safety, or utility needs.
Conclusions: Several groups had higher opt-in rates that were not statistically significant; small sample sizes may have impacted the significance of these differences. For example, opt-in rates were higher when made the same day as the screening than when made one day after (83.33% and 74.79%). However, only 18 beneficiary decisions were made on the same day, while 119 were made one day after. Increasing the number of same-day phone call attempts may be a method to improve opt-in rates. Importantly, date and time data for contact attempts before a beneficiary decides to opt-in or opt-out were unavailable as of the time of the analysis. These data are captured and will be added to the analysis when available, which could provide more insight into whether a beneficiary is more likely to opt-in or opt-out.
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Villiers, Claire. "L'import de l'adénosine monophosphate cyclique chez Escherichia coli." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV034/document.
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L'adénosine monophosphate cyclique (AMPc) est une molécule très largement conservée dans le monde du vivant. Chez les bactéries, cette molécule signal est impliquée, entre autres, dans l'adaptation aux changements de milieu, au développement de la virulence, à la sporulation et la compétence. Bien qu'il fut démontré dans les années 1970 que cette molécule nécessitait un transporteur afin de traverser la membrane cellulaire, l'identité de celui-ci restait jusqu'à très récemment inconnue. Ce n'est qu'en 2011 que Hantke et ses collègues démontrèrent l'implication de la protéine TolC dans l'export de l'AMPc. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai démontré le rôle prépondérant du complexe Opp dans l'import d'AMPc chez Escherichia coli. Ce complexe, formé des protéines OppABCD et F, est connu pour transporter des oligopeptides et se trouve dans la membrane interne de nombreuses bactéries. Pour arriver à la conclusion de son implication dans le transport d'AMPc, une banque de mutants a été créée dans une souche ne produisant pas d'AMPc (cyaA-). Afin d'identifier le transporteur responsable de l'import de l'AMPc, différents cribles qui testent la présence de cette molécule dans la cellule, ont ensuite été réalisée sur ces clones. Après analyse des résultats obtenus, l'opéron opp a été pressenti comme étant nécessaire à l'entrée de l'AMPc dans la cellule. Le double mutant cyaA-oppA- a été créé et de nouvelles expériences sont venues confirmer notre hypothèse. La protéine OppA a ensuite était surexprimée et purifiée pour nous permettre de faire des tests biochimiques d'interaction entre AMPc et OppA, basés sur la fluorescence émise par la protéine elle-même ou un homologue de l'AMPc, l'ε-AMPc. Ces expériences nous ont permis de confirmer l'interaction entre la protéine OppA et l'AMPc. Le système Opp est donc le principal importateur d'AMPc chez Escherichia coli, mais il ne semble pas être l'unique transporteur impliqué. Un autre candidat très intéressant est le complexe Dpp, connu pour transporter les dipeptides. En effet, les expériences préliminaires effectuées démontrent une diminution de la concentration intracellulaire d'AMPc dans une cellule cyaA-dppA- comparée à celle observée dans une souche cyaA-. Les travaux réalisés pendant ces trois dernières années permettent de conclure que le complexe Opp est le principal importateur d'AMPc, très probablement secondé par le complexe DppCyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a signalling molecule conserved in all reigns of life. In bacteria, cAMP plays an important role in processes as diverse as the adaptation to a changing environment, the control of virulence, sporulation and competence. Although it has been proven in the 1970s that this molecule needs an active transporter to traverse the plasma membrane, the first one of these transporters was discovered only a few years ago. In 2011, Hantke et al have shown that the TolC protein is involved in the efflux of cAMP. During my PhD work I have identified the Opp complex as a major player of cAMP import into Escherichia coli. This complex, composed of proteins called OppABCD and F, is known to transport oligopeptides across the inner membrane of numerous bacterial species. To prove the involvement of the Opp complex in cAMP transport, I have used transposon mutagenesis to generate a collection of random mutants in a strain that does not produce cAMP (cyaA-). Different screens were used to detect mutants with impaired transport of extracellular cAMP into the cell. The opp operon emerged as the most promising candidate from this screen. The double mutant cyaA-oppA- was constructed and experiments designed to test the function of OppA confirmed our hypothesis. Subsequently, I overexpressed and purified OppA in order to perform biochemical experiments destined to measure the physical interaction between cAMP and OppA. I show that the Opp system is the major importer of cAMP in Escherichia coli. However, it seems that Opp is not the unique importer of cAMP. The other, very interesting candidate is the complex Dpp, known to transport dipeptides. Preliminary experiments revealed a decreased amount of cAMP in strain cyaA-dppA- compared to strain cyaA-. The experiments carried out during the last three years allow us to conclude that the Opp complex is the major importer of cAMP into E. coli and that the Dpp complex is probably a secondary transporter