Journal articles on the topic 'Opportunity enactment'
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Ehmer, Oliver, and Daniel Mandel. "Projecting action spaces. On the interactional relevance of cesural areas in co-enactments." Open Linguistics 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 638–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0172.
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Abstract This article investigates the interactional relevance of weak cesuras in multimodal transitions in enactments. Previous research has pointed out that enactments are multimodally accomplished phenomena in that they do not only consist of a quotation but usually involve changes in prosody and bodily conduct, too. Furthermore, it has been noted that an upcoming quotation may be projected in the preceding talk by phonetic cues. There is, however, little research on the precise multimodal realization of such transitions and their possible interactional relevance. Taking this as a starting point, we analyze a collection of co-enactments. Firstly, we show that quotations are projected not only by phonetic but also bodily cues, which often build up gradually in the preceding talk. These smooth transitions into enactment are analyzed as “cesural areas.” Secondly, we argue that such cesural areas and the cumulation of multimodal projections open up an opportunity space in the sense of Lerner (1991), whereby a joint enactment involving co-participants, i.e., a co-enactment, is possible. Thirdly, we show that participants jointly develop the meaning of the enactment in this space, mutually taking up and elaborating on their prior contributions. The data is taken from a corpus of collaborative storytellings in German.
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Philipsen, Kristian, Torben Damgaard, and Rhona E. Johnsen. "Suppliers' opportunity enactment through the development of valuable capabilities." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 23, no. 1 (December 24, 2007): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08858620810841461.
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Nabben, Robert. "Opportunity Lost? Victorian Labor's Enactment of Community Development 1999-2006." Australian Journal of Public Administration 70, no. 3 (September 2011): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2011.00736.x.
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Coffey, Brian. "Another Opportunity Lost? Victorian Labor's Enactment of Sustainability, 1999-2010." Australian Journal of Public Administration 71, no. 3 (September 2012): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2012.00779.x.
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Prinsen, Sosja, Catharine Evers, Leoniek Wijngaards, Renée van Vliet, and Denise de Ridder. "Does Self-Licensing Benefit Self-Regulation Over Time? An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of Food Temptations." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 6 (January 31, 2018): 914–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218754509.
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Self-licensing, employing reasons to justify indulgence, may help resolve the conflict between immediate temptations and long-term goals in favor of the former. It was hypothesized that this conflict-resolving potential of self-licensing may benefit self-regulation over time. With a momentary assessment design, we examined how self-licensing affects self-regulatory ability and the capacity to deal with subsequent self-regulatory conflicts. One hundred thirty-six female participants filled out surveys eight times per day for one week. Food temptation strength, conflict, resistance, and enactment were assessed, as well as license opportunity and perceived self-regulatory ability. When self-licensing opportunity was high (vs. low), a weaker association between temptation strength and conflict was observed. High license opportunity was associated with higher perceived self-regulatory ability for instances of low degrees of temptation enactment and predicted better handling of subsequent conflict after high degrees of prior temptation enactment. These results suggest that self-licensing can support self-regulation after initial failure.
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Nambisan, Satish, and Shaker A. Zahra. "The role of demand-side narratives in opportunity formation and enactment." Journal of Business Venturing Insights 5 (June 2016): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2016.05.001.
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Bhowmick, Sanjay. "They look while they leap: Generative co-occurrence of enactment and effectuation in entrepreneurial action." Journal of Management & Organization 21, no. 4 (March 3, 2015): 515–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2014.81.
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AbstractIt has been said that entrepreneurs plan in order to deal with market uncertainty. It has also been argued that entrepreneurs act spontaneously and with insufficient planning, as time is of the essence and as market uncertainty seldom yields to planning. Theoretically, in uncertain market conditions, the concept of effectuation posits that entrepreneurs control their resources enhancing them through likeminded stakeholder buy-ins towards creating an opportunity. Alternatively, the first prospective action steps under uncertainty are argued to be taken regardless of resources position, reflecting enactment before sensemaking. Thus, enactment embodies resource-independent action-embracing ambiguity, whereas effectuation, i.e., controlling resources and enhancing stakeholder buy-ins, represents resource-dependent action that mitigates ambiguity and risk. This paper proposes that prospective enactment action and effectuation control action are analytically distinct, complementary and simultaneous aspects of entrepreneurial action. It further proposes that successful outcomes of entrepreneurial action may be anticipated by a high and matching combination of enactment and effectual action in a generative co-occurrence. The paper illustrates the propositions using cases that exhibit diverse action outcomes. It also potentially reconciles the ambiguity-embracing or risk-taking approach and the ambiguity-reducing or risk-mitigating control approach in understanding entrepreneurial action seeking opportunity in an uncertain and dynamic market.
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Kysar, Rebecca M. "The New Tax Legislative and Regulatory Process." National Tax Journal 73, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 1135–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2020.4.10.
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This paper compares the enactment and implementation process for the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) to prior tax reform acts, as well as situates it within other developments in the legislative process more generally. It details how the 2017 enactment process solidifies reconciliation as the primary vehicle for the enactment of major tax measures, a trend nearly two decades in the making. The ambitious scope of the TCJA, as well as the rushed and partisan reconciliation process by which it was enacted, has led to ambiguities and instability in the legislation. These features have, in turn, posed an enormous implementation challenge for Treasury, which has led to some troubling results. Finally, reconciliation has set up the opportunity for Congress to engage in budget gimmicks in the future. This paper discusses these trends and proposes solutions to them.
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Sun, Jerry, George Lan, and Zhenzhong Ma. "Investment opportunity set, board independence, and firm performance." Managerial Finance 40, no. 5 (May 6, 2014): 454–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-05-2013-0123.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) on high growth firms’ corporate governance. Specially, the study examines whether there is a negative impact of SOX on the interactive effect of board independence and investment opportunity set on firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – Sample firms were selected from the Investor Responsibility Research Center Directors’ database. Both accounting- and market-based firm performance measures are used. Regressions are run to test the hypothesis. Findings – It was found that the impact of SOX on the interaction effect of board independence and investment opportunity set on firm performance is negative. Originality/value – The results suggest that the impact of SOX in corporate governance and regulatory environment mitigates the effect of board independence on the relationship between investment opportunity set and firm performance, consistent with the notion that the enactment of SOX increases monitoring costs of board governance especially for high-growth firms.
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Munter, Charles, and Cara Haines. "Mathematics teachers’ enactment of cognitively demanding tasks and students’ perception of racial differences in opportunity." Mathematical Thinking and Learning 21, no. 3 (February 18, 2019): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10986065.2019.1576002.
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Gullberg, Cecilia. "What makes accounting information timely?" Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 13, no. 2 (June 20, 2016): 189–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-03-2014-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate and analyse how the concept of timely accounting information can be understood as the interplay between material and social elements, to provide a basis for theorising timeliness in the context of managerial work. Design/methodology/approach Using an enactment perspective, this paper rests upon the assumption that timeliness is not a uniform information quality mainly dependent on the accounting artefact, but something that is also shaped in managerial action. The paper builds on a qualitative study of a construction firm. Findings Three types of enactments are illustrated: affordable-speed, right-time and instantly-actionable, showing how timeliness is not only determined by the accounting artefact but also by management style, organisational values and routines and managers’ previous experiences of technology. With regards to the artefact, the paper identifies a number of material aspects that contribute to timeliness, such as system interfaces and presentation of data. The enactment of timeliness is largely characterised by virtues of efficiency and control rather than by opportunity seeking. Research limitations/implications The research design limits the generalisability. However, insights into the elements involved in managers’ understanding of timeliness provide a basis for further micro-level studies of timeliness. Practical implications With a multifaceted vocabulary of what timeliness means, organisations can more precisely define wherein a timeliness-related problem lies. Originality/value In comparison to previous studies, this paper provides a more contextual and nuanced understanding of timeliness.
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Arciniega, Luzilda. "Representing Race in Graphs: W.E.B. Du Bois, Corporate Bureaucrats, and Visualization Strategies for Change." Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 7, no. 1 (October 5, 2021): 22–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17351/ests2021.565.
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In this paper, I draw together W. E. B. Du Bois and corporate bureaucrats to compare the graphical representation of race across three distinct racial epochs: the Progressive, Civil Rights, and post-1980s neoliberal era. I illustrate how, through visual and rhetorical strategies, corporate bureaucrats extend a Du Boisian legacy in constructing popular knowledge of race and racism. I show how they do this by making whiteness visible through data visualizations and rhetorically bundling them to liberal American values of equal opportunity. In examining them as epistemic and semiotic objects, I argue that graphical representations of race compel the enactment of meaningful strategies seen to challenge racial inequalities in the workplace. Yet, insofar as these are employed to equate racism with the absence of equal opportunity in capitalist firms, I argue, they also mask whiteness and reproduce systemic racism. The graphical representation of race, in effect, reveals how the practices of knowledge production and processes of signification are entangled in everyday corporate bureaucracies. Thus, I suggest that we need to reject analytical binaries that pose a bounded distinction between “business” and “social justice” to extend research into the cultural production and productive enactment of racial materiality.
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Sukawatie, Lia Elyani. "The Enactment of Portfolio Assessment in Teaching Writing." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 5, no. 3 (June 29, 2018): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v5i3.384.
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The application of curriculum 2013 in Indonesia becomes controversy in Indonesia. For senior high school students, the 2013 curriculum gives them opportunity to learn another subjects from the other major such as science students can learn about economics. This is also happened to English subject. There are two types of English subject; cumpulsory English and supplementary English. Both of them have different sylabus and assessment. The important of assessment is to show how the students’ understanding and the teacher’s perspective to the curriculum. In this research, the researcher observes SMA Negeri 2 Semarang and it is spesify to X grade science. This research focus on portfolio assessment especially in writing. It is chosen because writing can reflect the grammar understanding which is very important to do the cumpulsory test such as final term test and Nasional Examination. Besides, the assessment can reflect the teacher’s method effectivenes. The writer collected the data by using observation, interview, and documentation. The data was collected in March 2018 with the English teacher of grade X. The interview involved the English teacher, the principal, and the vice principal of curriculum. The documents are syllabus, lesson plans, and the students’ assessment. The research shows that the implementation of 2013 curriculum by the English teacher can be seen from the assesment of the students. The students’ skill as targeting in 2013 curriculum is achieved. This happened since the student center method applied in the class. So, the students are more active rather than the teacher. The barriers are finding the right method and the right instrument of authentic assessment. They both are important to support the success of Core and Basic Competence realization in the learning.
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Ozasir Kacar, Sibel, and Caroline Essers. "The interplay between identity construction and opportunity structures: Narratives of Turkish migrant women entrepreneurs in the Netherlands." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 37, no. 7 (June 27, 2019): 713–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242619856809.
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This article explores the relationship between the identity construction processes of migrant women entrepreneurs and the opportunity structures in their wider sociocultural and politico-institutional environments. Drawing on 10 life-story interviews with one-and-a-half- and second-generation Turkish women entrepreneurs in the Netherlands, this study draws upon an intersectional approach. Considering the recent socio-political tensions in the Netherlands regarding the presence of Turkish people, studying the relationship between opportunity structures and identity construction of Turkish women entrepreneurs is important and timely. The findings demonstrate the manner in which opportunity structures influence the creation and enactment of an entrepreneurial identity that intersects with gender, ethnicity and class. Analysing how these migrant women interpret and frame opportunity structures in their entrepreneurial contexts, this article reveals how processes of politicisation, class-consciousness and transnational and cosmopolitan positioning influence these women’s entrepreneurial identities and experiences.
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Ihsanul Maarif, Ihsanul, and Firdaus Arifin. "KOMPARASI PENGGUNAAN ANALYSIS REGULATORY METHOD SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PENDUKUNG KEBIJAKAN DALAM PENYUSUNAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN." LITIGASI 23, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 272–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/litigasi.v23i2.6128.
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The promulgation of laws has been stipulated in Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning Guidelines for the Promulgation of Laws, which has been changed post enactment of Law Number 13 of 2022 on Second Amendment of Law Number 12 of 2011, one of which is the application of the Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) and the Rule, Opportunity, Capacity, Communication, Interest, Process Method, and Ideology (ROCCIPI) as the basis for the Establishment of Legal Products in e Academic Manuscript of the Bill of Law/Regional Regulation. Integrating the methods into Academic Manuscripts is incorrect considering that it serves as the justification (philosophical, sociological, and juridical) which is academic or scientific in nature upon the conclusion of Laws and Regional Regulations. (RIA) is an analysis method of policies that acts as a companion to academic manuscripts called the RIA Statement. This is interesting to study of how is the development of the RIA and ROCCIPI in promulgating laws? How do the techniques for preparing academic manuscripts pre and post the enactment of Law Number 13 of 2022 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 12 of 2011 compare? Keywords: Regulatory Impact Analysis; Rule, Opportunity, Capacity, Communication, Interest, Process, and Ideology; Legal Products.
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Warhaftig Aran, Liat. "When patients fall in love in a group—A challenge to group analysis." Group Analysis 51, no. 2 (May 22, 2018): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0533316418763829.
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Nitsun pioneered the positive consideration of desire and intimacy in the group and Moeller discussed the conductor falling in love himself, but apart from those authors, the group-analytic literature rarely discusses the subject of romance in groups. This article explores the positive value of the elaboration of falling in love between group members, both to the ‘couple’ and to the group as a whole. Furthermore, I argue the group’s contribution as a post-Oedipal object to its participants, which can strengthen their experience as subjects worthy of mature love and desire. I describe a vignette in which I granted the ‘couple’ the opportunity to meet once outside the group, on the condition they later reintroduce material to the group. This decision will be discussed regarding the conductor’s role in situations of romantic coupling. In addition to the view of keeping firm boundaries of the group and encouraging open discussion regarding love and desire as part of the development of the erotic self, I analyse the importance of enactments to the emergence of dissociated experiences. In this case I see my enactment as an expression of my ‘emotional participation’. In contrast to Grossmark, I claim that enactments cannot always be contained by the conductor and therefore might impact his behaviour as well as the setting.
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Tuena, Cosimo, Silvia Serino, Léo Dutriaux, Giuseppe Riva, and Pascale Piolino. "Virtual Enactment Effect on Memory in Young and Aged Populations: A Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050620.
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Background: Spatial cognition is a critical aspect of episodic memory, as it provides the scaffold for events and enables successful retrieval. Virtual enactment (sensorimotor and cognitive interaction) by means of input devices within virtual environments provides an excellent opportunity to enhance encoding and to support memory retrieval with useful traces in the brain compared to passive observation. Methods: We conducted a systematic review with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines concerning the virtual enactment effect on spatial and episodic memory in young and aged populations. We aim at giving guidelines for virtual enactment studies, especially in the context of aging, where spatial and episodic memory decline. Results: Our findings reveal a positive effect on spatial and episodic memory in the young population and promising outcomes in aging. Several cognitive factors (e.g., executive function, decision-making, and visual components) mediate memory performances. Findings should be taken into account for future interventions in aging. Conclusions: The present review sheds light on the key role of the sensorimotor and cognitive systems for memory rehabilitation by means of a more ecological tool such as virtual reality and stresses the importance of the body for cognition, endorsing the view of an embodied mind.
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Yell, Mitchell L., David Rogers, and Elisabeth Lodge Rogers. "The Legal History of Special Education." Remedial and Special Education 19, no. 4 (July 1998): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074193259801900405.
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ABSTRACT Children and youth with disabilities have historically received unequal treatment in the public education system. In the early 20th century, the enactment of compulsory attendance laws in the states began to change the educational opportunities for these students. Opportunities for admittance to public schools were greater, but many students nevertheless did not receive an effective or appropriate education. Beginning in the late 1960s and early 1970s, parents and advocates for students with disabilities began to use the courts in an attempt to force states to provide an equal educational opportunity for these students. These efforts were very successful and eventually led to the passage of federal legislation to ensure these rights. The purpose of this article is to examine the legal history of special education. We will examine these early efforts to ensure a free appropriate education for students with disabilities up to and including the enactment of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997.
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Kremnitzer, Mordechai. "Constitutional Principles and Criminal Law." Israel Law Review 27, no. 1-2 (1993): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700016861.
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The enactment of Basic Law: Human Dignity and Freedom marks the beginning of a new era in Israeli law. This is a fitting opportunity to sketch an initial outline for the relationship between the constitution and the substantive criminal law, and the effect of constitutional principles on penal law. The truth be told, the constitutional principles already existed prior to the enactment of the Basic Law. And if, for example, we examine Prof. Feller's approach to criminal law, we cannot but be impressed by the highly developed constitutional element. Nevertheless, Basic Law: Human Dignity and Freedom does provide an excellent excuse for addressing the subject. Moreover, its enactment paves the way for certain interpretive changes in Israeli penal law, and because it allows for judicial review of the legislature of the future, some clarification is called for as to the limits of legislative power in the field of criminal law in light of fundamental constitutional principles.Basic to constitutional law and criminal law is a shared image of human beings. It is a conception of human beings as “morally” autonomous, with the basic faculty to understand reality and distinguish right from wrong, able to contribute to developing social norms and to understand and internalize them, competent to decide how to act and capable of realizing that decision.
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Riefolo, Giuseppe. "“Call Me by Your Name”: The Wrong Action: From Ferenczi to Enactment as a Process." Psychoanalytic Review 109, no. 2 (June 2022): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/prev.2022.109.2.151.
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It is always hard for psychoanalysis to connect free associations and action. With Freud, action could be interpreted only when it referred to the transference; otherwise, action was a resistance to the possibility of free association. Unlike Freud, Ferenczi recognized the importance of the analyst's acting-out as the patient's unconscious request for experiences of trauma to be mobilized. By presenting a clinical case, the author offers the analyst's error as the mobilization of a traumatic block. The error activates a “Process of enactment,” whereas if the error is not considered positively, it is simply a mistake, or the loss of a creative opportunity.
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Dy, Angela Martinez, Susan Marlow, and Lee Martin. "A Web of opportunity or the same old story? Women digital entrepreneurs and intersectionality theory." Human Relations 70, no. 3 (July 20, 2016): 286–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726716650730.
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This article critically analyses the manner in which intersectionality and related social positionality shape digital enterprise activities. Despite popular claims of meritocratic opportunity enactment within traditional forms of entrepreneurship, ascribed social characteristics intersect to influence the realization of entrepreneurial potential. However, it is purported that the emerging field of digital entrepreneurship may act as a ‘great leveller’ owing to perceived lower barriers to entry, disembodiment of the entrepreneurial actor and the absence of visible markers of disadvantage online. Using an interpretivist approach, we analyse empirical evidence that reveals how the privileges and disadvantages arising from intersecting social positions of gender, race and class status are experienced by UK women digital entrepreneurs. This analysis challenges the notion that the internet is a neutral platform for entrepreneurship and supports our thesis that offline inequality, in the form of marked bodies, social positionality and associated resource constraints, is produced and reproduced in the online environment.
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Tait, Emma. "Liability of Lessees and Assignees of Commercial Leases in New Zealand." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 39, no. 2 (September 1, 2008): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v39i2.5459.
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This article concerns the liability of lessees and assignees of commercial leases in New Zealand. This is a complicated area of the law and, as an analysis of the historical context shows, one that was ripe for reform. The Property Law Act project which culminated with the enactment of the Property Law Act 2007 provided an opportunity to undertake this reform. However, this article shows that the resulting Act not only fails to correct existing deficiencies in this area but also places an increased burden on assignees that cannot be justified by reference to privity of contract or privity of estate.
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Assmann, Stephanie. "25 Years After the Enactment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Law (EEOL): Online Access to Gender Equality in Japan." Asian Politics & Policy 4, no. 2 (April 2012): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-0787.2012.01347.x.
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Tefera, Adai A., and Catherine Kramarczuk Voulgarides. "Is Educational Policy Alleviating or Perpetuating the Racialization of Disabilities? An Examination of “Big-P” and “Little-p” Policies." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 118, no. 14 (November 2016): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811611801406.
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To understand the challenges associated with the enactment of educational policies that aim to improve equity and opportunity for students of color with disabilities, this article focuses on two separately conducted ethnographic studies. The first investigates district administrators’ approaches to addressing racial disproportionality after the 2004 reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and the second focuses on the emic perspectives of students of color with disabilities given the California High School Exit Exam (CAHSEE) under the auspices of No Child Left Behind (NCLB). Using a critical policy studies perspective, the authors examine how policy enactment within varying local contexts is influenced by harsh material realities and a dense policy environment, which exacerbate existing inequalities for students of color with disabilities. Collectively, these factors provide ripe terrain for understanding how policies, at the macro and micro levels, struggle to produce equitable outcomes and instead contribute to the educational inequities experienced by students of color with disabilities. The article ends with recommendations for policymakers on how to address existing procedural practices and compliance measures that are inadequately addressing and contributing to the persistence of racialized outcomes for students of color with disabilities.
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Haryani, Tiyas Nur, Okki Chandra Ambarwati, Novira Kusumastuti, and Annisa Ary Nurwijayanti. "The Challenge to the Innovation of Complaint Mechanism from Mobile to IT-Based Complaint Mechanism." KnE Social Sciences 2, no. 4 (June 13, 2017): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v2i4.891.
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The enactment of Republic of Indonesia’s Law Number 25 of 2009 about Public Service gave the community the opportunity to participate in improving the delivery of public servicesand lodging complaints. Each innovation of public service-complain mechanism had some challenges. Community empowerment-based complaint mechanism faced the challenges in building public awareness of their rights to efficient public service. One of the challenges to improving the IT-based complaint mechanism conducted by PATTIRO Surakarta and Inspectorate of Surakarta City is limited by budget commitment, human trust, and human resource capacity in accessing IT. This paper examines the challenges to the innovation of public service complaint mechanism.
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Klein, Mark. "Conflict management as part of an integrated exception handling approach." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 9, no. 4 (September 1995): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089006040000281x.
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AbstractCollaborative design conflicts are an important type of process “exception,” that is, a real-life contingency such as a process change, execution error, or missed opportunity that leads to suboptimal performance of a collaborative process. This paper presents an integrated computational approach to collaborative process exception handling that avoids important weaknesses in current conflict management methods through the synergistic integration of conflict, workflow, and rationale technology. The approach is based upon an inclusive dependency language plus coordination services for dependency capture, process enactment, and exception handling. An initial implementation of this method called “iDCSS” is presented and challenges for future evolution of this technology are identified.
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Atiq, Muhammad, and Mine Karatas-Ozkan. "Sustainable Corporate Entrepreneurship from a Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility Perspective." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 14, no. 1 (February 2013): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2013.0102.
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This paper explores the process of sustainable entrepreneurship from the perspective of strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR). Drawing on insights from entrepreneurship studies that focus on opportunity creation and enactment, along with the extant literature on CSR, the authors propose a conceptual framework for sustainable entrepreneurship that combines an entrepreneurial approach with sustainability. The authors suggest that sustainability should be embedded in the business operations of companies and that sustainable business practices should be driven by an entrepreneurial approach in order to create shared value – that is, value for the business as well as for society. Shared value creation is the outcome of sustainable corporate entrepreneurship.
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Yuniarti, Nita. "UPAYA PENGHAPUSAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA (KDRT) MELALUI UNDANG-UNDANG." Wawasan: Jurnal Kediklatan Balai Diklat Keagamaan Jakarta 1, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53800/wawasan.v1i1.43.
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The general nature of man is basically inclined towards goodness, but this tendency can change due to three factors. First, when you see an opportunity to do bad things. Second, when there is an unbearable basic need. Third, there is desire that is out of control. So controlling the three factors that cause humans to do bad things must be strived for, so that humans always tend to goodness. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence, and Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2016 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2016 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2002, Concerning Child Protection, is one of the state's efforts to block human opportunities to commit crimes in the form of violence in their household. This paper uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The data collection technique is observation through literature study. The problem in this research is the hope of reducing domestic violence behavior after the enactment of the PKDRT Law, but the facts show different things. The results of the study prove that the graph of domestic violence after the enactment of this law is still increasing.
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Eyler, Amy, Tina Lankford, Jamie Chriqui, Kelly R. Evenson, Judy Kruger, Nancy Tompkins, Carolyn Voorhees, Susan Zieff, Semra Aytur, and Ross Brownson. "An Analysis of State Legislation on Community Trails." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 7, s1 (January 2010): S40—S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.s1.s40.
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Background:Trails provide opportunities for recreation, transportation and activity. The purpose of this article is to describe state legislation related to community trails, to analyze legislation content, and to evaluate legislation on inclusion of evidence-informed elements.Methods:State trail legislation from 2001 to 2008 was identified using online legislative databases. An analysis of evidence-informed elements included in the legislation was conducted. These elements included: funding, liability, accessibility, connectivity, and maintenance.Results:Of the total 991 trail bills, 516 (52.0%) were appropriations bills, of which 167 (32.2%) were enacted. We analyzed 475 (48%) nonappropriation trail bills of which 139 (29.3%) were enacted. The percentage of enactment of appropriations bills decreased over time while enactment of nonappropriations trail bills increased. Over half of the nonappropriations trail bills included at least 1 evidence-informed element, most commonly funding. Few bills contained liability, connectivity, accessibility, or maintenance.Conclusions:There is opportunity for providing evidence-informed information to policy-makers to potentially influence bill content. The number of bills with a funding element demonstrates that fiscal support for trails is an important policy lever that state legislatures may use to support trails. Lastly, trails should be considered in over-all state-level physical activity legislation to provide opportunities for communities to be active.
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Kahr, Brett. "Penile trauma and genital exhibitionism: from castration anxiety to verbal." International Journal of Forensic Psychotherapy 1, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/ijfp.v1n2.2019.93.
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In this clinical report, the author describes the case of an eighteen-year-old, intellectually disabled man who committed multiple acts of genital exhibitionism. The patient attended psychoanalytically orientated psychotherapy for a period of fourteen months, during which time he revealed an important traumatic experience, which he had never verbalised previously. This confession helped both parties to develop a much clearer understanding of the origin of the symptomatic enactment. The author discusses the ways in which the verbal inhibitions of disabled patients often render such individuals more susceptible to criminal offences, and he underscores that psychotherapy, specifically forensic disability psychotherapy, provides an opportunity to work through prior traumata and thus contribute to the prevention of future illegal activities.
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SHEAIL, JOHN. "The Access to Mountains Act 1939: An Essay in Compromise." Rural History 21, no. 1 (March 5, 2010): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095679330999015x.
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AbstractThe Access to Mountains Act of 1939 has been ridiculed for the most part as a capitulation to landed interests. Closer reconstruction of the circumstances in which such a legislative attempt was made to extend the public recreational-use of uncultivated countryside emphasises the severe limitations of a Private Members’ Bill. Even greater skills were called for in securing sufficient consensus among the various parliamentary lobbies to convince ministers that there was sufficient accord to merit the use of legislative time and resources to expedite enactment. The Act's achievement was to ratchet forward both ramblers’ expectations and a greater preparedness on the part of landed interests to provide the recreational opportunity anticipated by a post-war, largely urban population.
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McDermott, Kathryn A. "“Expanding the Moral Community” or “Blaming the Victim”? The Politics of State Education Accountability Policy." American Educational Research Journal 44, no. 1 (March 2007): 77–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831206299010.
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Advocates of educational accountability policies say that the policies are intended to use the state’s authority to ensure equal educational opportunity. Opponents make essentially the opposite claim: that expanded state power is intended to disempower local communities and to single them out for blame, in response to larger political and economic imperatives. This article analyzes the enactment of educational accountability policies in four U.S. states, drawing upon legislative documents, hearing and debate transcripts where available, and press coverage. The analysis concludes that policy makers did intend to make the public education system more equitable. However, the results of the policies as implemented show a significant gap between aspirations and results. This gap increases the accountability-policy critics’ credibility.
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Mukhtarrija, Muhammad, I. gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani, and Agus Riwanto. "The Ideal Concept of Presidential Threshold Arrangement to Achieve Constitutional Rights of New Political Parties in a simultaneous general election in Indonesia." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 5, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v5i3.244.
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This study raises the legal issue against the enactment of Law No. 7 of 2017 on General Elections in Indonesia. The law has violated the constitutional rights of new political parties of the simultaneous general election participants that began in 2017. The injustice is seen in article 222 which requires the provision of presidential threshold for political parties nominating the president and vice-presidential pairs based on the results of general elections in 2014. If this provision is applied, automatically the new political parties of the simultaneous general election participants in Indonesia do not have the opportunity to nominate a couple of presidents and vice presidents. Based on the Constitution of the 1945 Constitution, the president and vice president are nominated by a political party or a coalition of political parties participating in the general election. Considering the constitution applicable in Indonesia should every political party participating in the general election have equal rights and opportunity in carrying the candidate of president and vice president to be elected by the people in a democracy.
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Thesnaar, Christo H. "Prophetic dialogue: The quest for religious leaders seeking reconciliation in the aftermath of the transition in South Africa?" Verbum et Ecclesia 38, no. 3 (October 6, 2017): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v38i3.1702.
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The TRC re-enactment consultation18 afforded the opportunity to reflect on the leadership of religious leaders during the apartheid era, and in the years that followed. This chapter is particularly interested in the prophetic leadership provided by religious leaders during apartheid, and 20 years following the transition by engaging with some normative thoughts on prophetic dialogue. The findings on the leadership provided during the post-TRC are reflected upon in terms of reconciliation through the hermeneutical lens of the Belgian scholar Valarie Rosoux. Hereby, this chapter seeked to contribute to reconciliation and national unity in the current South African context with some strategic conclusions to ensure that the process of reconciliation becomes a priority for all faith communities across the nation.
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Dyck, Dagmar. "See me, know me, believe in me: Reimagining Pasifika student success as Pasifika in visual arts." Set: Research Information for Teachers, no. 2 (November 2, 2021): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18296/set.0198.
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Pasifika students bring to school rich cultural resources that offer a strong foundation on which to build creative practice. Bringing cultural awareness to visual arts education provides a powerful platform for Pasifika students to embrace success as Pasifika. The recent introduction of Tapasā—Cultural Competencies Framework for Teachers of Pacific Learners (Ministry of Education, 2018) provides an opportunity to inquire into how visual arts education can authentically reflect cultural competencies. This article seeks to share teachers’ beliefs, attitudes, and pedagogical practices that affirm Pasifika students’ success “as Pasifika”. The students themselves also offer insights into their enactment of success through their art works and stories. My experiences as a visual artist and teacher of Tongan descent grounded the research project.
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Waldron-Soler, Kathleen M., Susan F. Ruby, and Jamie M. Chaffin. "Learning From Graduate Training in Related Fields: A Model Online School Psychology Program." Rural Special Education Quarterly 38, no. 2 (February 22, 2019): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756870519826933.
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Since the enactment of Public Law 94-142, school districts have struggled to hire and retain required special education personnel (i.e., special education teachers, school psychologists, and related service providers). Data show that shortages of these qualified personnel are even more magnified in rural school districts. Distance education can provide an opportunity for candidates in rural areas to pursue educational training and certification while remaining in their communities. We summarize evidence-based components for online programs and describe an online program designed to respecialize candidates as school psychologists through comprehensive online training. We recommend a similar online model for training candidates to be special education teachers in rural and remote locations and provide guidance for programs to develop effective online programs.
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Savage, Arline, Carolyn Strand Norman, and Kathryn A. S. Lancaster. "Using a Movie to Study the COSO Internal Control Framework: An Instructional Case." Journal of Information Systems 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jis.2008.22.1.63.
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Following enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 (U.S. House of Representatives 2002), public accounting firms and publicly traded companies are much more focused on internal controls. Accordingly, many accounting graduates will be asked to evaluate, document, and perhaps test the adequacy of an organization's internal control structure. The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations' (COSO 1992) Internal Control—Integrated Framework is the most widely used tool for this purpose. This instructional case, based on the movie, Rogue Trader, gives students the opportunity to see the consequences of lax corporate governance and weak internal controls at the Barings Bank. Students view the movie and then use the COSO framework to critically analyze the collapse of a well-established financial institution.
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Lewis, Kate V., Marcus Ho, Candice Harris, and Rachel Morrison. "Becoming an entrepreneur: opportunities and identity transitions." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 8, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-02-2015-0006.
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Purpose This paper aims to report an empirically grounded theoretical framework within which to understand the role of entrepreneurial identity development in the discovery, development and exploitation of opportunity, and to elaborate on how these identity transitions both mobilise and constrain female entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study-based research design was used in this study. Primary and secondary data were collected from eight female participants (all of whom can be categorised as “mumpreneurs”) and analysed to inform the theoretical framework that is the foundation of the paper. Findings The authors describe how identity conflict, role congruence and reciprocal identity creation play a critical role in venture creation as a form of entrepreneurship. Drawing on the constructs of identification, self-verification and identity enactment, the authors build a theoretical framework for understanding entrepreneurial identity transitions in relation to opportunity-seeking behaviours. Research limitations/implications The work is theoretical in character and based on a sample that, whilst rich in the provision of theoretical insight, is small in scope. Additionally, the sample is located in one geographical context (New Zealand) which likely has implications for the way in which the key constructs are perceived and enacted. Originality/value This paper is an attempt to integrate conceptualisations of entrepreneurial identity development with opportunity-related processes in the context of venture creation. A holistic focus on identity transitions and their relevance to perception and action in relation to opportunity (the root of entrepreneurial behaviour) is novel; at this point, it is exploratory in intention and tentative in reach.
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Kimmelman, Jonathan. "Risking Ethical Insolvency: A Survey of Trends in Criminal DNA Databanking." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 28, no. 3 (2000): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2000.tb00661.x.
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Over ten years have elapsed since Virginia passed the nation's first criminal DNA banking law, which authorized law enforcement authorities to collect DNA samples from certain categories of offenders for the purposes of performing profile analysis. Within nine years, Rhode Island became the fiftieth state to enact a similar statute. The passage of a decade since the first enactment provides a convenient opportunity to assess the strengths and weaknesses of ethical safeguards under present law as well as predict the likely direction of future developments.DNA forensics are merely the latest in a long line of biologically based identifying law enforcement technologies that include fingerprints and serotyping. Nevertheless, DNA has properties that make it significantly different than its predecessors with respect to the ethical and social concerns it raises.
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Chawla, Varnika, and Nimoy Kher. "The Doctrine of Corporate Opportunity: A Comparative Analysis Part I." Business Law Review 39, Issue 6 (December 1, 2018): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2018033.
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SUMMARY In this article, the authors aim to answer the often-asked question when do the fiduciary duties of a director cease to exist, in order to allow him to undertake ventures for personal interest? This has not yet been conclusively answered by the courts, and upon conducting a detailed case law analysis, we conclude that there exist two primary approaches, which the courts have relied upon in arriving at their decisions. These have been laid down in the landmark English cases of Bhullar and Foster. These two cases are indicative of these two largely different approaches, and therefore, while not conflicting, and easily distinguishable on the basis of the facts themselves, can be said to be conflicting with respect to the difference of approach adopted by the Court of Appeals in England. This article endeavours to elucidate upon these two approaches, in light of Bhullar and Foster. Accordingly, the paper has been divided into various sections, which aim to elaborate on the law relating to the fiduciary duties of directors, in the particular context of use of corporate opportunity. Firstly, the authors have provided a jurisprudential background of the law on fiduciary duties of directors in common law. The statutory law, as followed in the UK and India,, and common law, as followed in the USA, with respect to the same, have been discussed, keeping in mind common law principles which have developed as a result of detailed judicial analysis. Secondly, having analysed the law on directors’ fiduciary duties in different common law jurisdictions, the authors have conducted an in-depth analysis of the two primary cases, i.e. Bhullar and Foster, highlighting the discussion on issues involved in the same, and examining the difference in the approach adopted by the court, pre and post the enactment of the Companies Act, 2006. Subsequently, the two approaches, namely the American Model and the English Model which were utilized by the courts in arriving at greatly varying decisions in the two cases have been studied. Lastly, in light of such analysis, the authors have compared and contrasted Bhullar and Foster and highlighted the inherent difference in approach between the two. The Indian position with respect to fiduciary duties of directors has been simultaneously discussed and compared in every section.
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Masykur, M. Hamidi, and Harinanto Sugiono. "CONFLICT OF NORM ANTARA PENCABUTAN HAK DAN PENITIPAN GANTI KERUGIAN DI PENGADILAN DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PENGADAAN TANAH UNTUK PEMBANGUNAN." ADHAPER: Jurnal Hukum Acara Perdata 4, no. 1 (October 10, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36913/jhaper.v4i1.64.
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Article 18 of Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Rules of Agrarian states that “For the public interest, including the national and State interest also the peoples interest, land rights may be revoked with reasonable compensation in accordance to the procedure provided by law.” The phrase of “revoked” in the article can be widely interpreted both in terms of the procedure as well as the authority. A year after the enactment of Law No. 5 of 1960, Law No. 20 of 1961 concerning Revocation of Land Rights and Properties on Land was enacted with the purpose to implement Article 18 of Law No. 5 of 1960. According to Law No. 20 of 1961, revocation of land rights for the public interests can be exercised through Presidential Decree. It means that there is no opportunity for the lands owner to file an objection against the revocation. On the other side, the enactment of Law No. 2 of 2012 concerning Land Procurement for Development in which Article 40 of the Law provides the custody mechanism for compensation to the District Court when the lands owner refuse to accept the compensation. The procedure has been confi rmed by Supreme Court, which enacted Supreme Court Regulation No. 3 of 2016 concerning the Procedure for Submitting Objection and Compensation Custody to the District Court in Land Procurement for Public Interests. This situation shows confl ict of norms between Law No. 20 of 1961 which is never declared not applicable, and then Law No. 2 of 2012 was enacted as new law in the same field of regulation.
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Korsgaard, Steffen, and Alistair R. Anderson. "Enacting entrepreneurship as social value creation." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 29, no. 2 (February 18, 2011): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242610391936.
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The social plays an important role in entrepreneurship, but one that is not well understood. We argue that the social conditions of entrepreneurs, as well as the social nature of opportunities, affect the entrepreneurial process. Hence it is conceptually useful to understand enterprise as socially situated. Accordingly, this article examines the enactment of a socialized opportunity to explore the process of entrepreneurial growth. We find that a conceptualization of social value creation usefully develops our understanding and challenges the view that economic growth is the only relevant outcome of entrepreneurship. Our case study shows how social value is created in multiple forms at different centres and on different levels: from individual self-realization over community development to broad societal impact. We also find complex interrelations between the different levels and centres, thus, we argue that entrepreneurship is as much a social as an economic phenomenon.
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ALLEN, D. ALBERT, G. RAMANAN, R. R. NEELA RAJAN, and A. K. DARWINS. "Experimental Study on Change in Mechanical Characteristics of E-Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composite by Adding Carbon Nanotube Layers." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 6 (April 29, 2019): 1251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21874.
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Polymer composite reinforced with fiber materials have always proven its superior significant enactment over numerous traditional materials, considering their incomparable strength to weight ratio and stiffness. Carbon nanotubes usage in glass-fiber reinforced polymer has high potential in changing the characteristics of composite laminates. Carbon nanotubes have engrossed composite fraternity in exploring the opportunity of utilizing them as a supplementary reinforcement in fiber reinforced polymer composites. This study examines the mechanical characters of glass-fiber reinforced polymer with and without multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Composite laminated layers are fabricated using epoxy resin without carbon nanotube and with 0.5 and 1.5 % MWCNT. The materials were tested to determine tensile, flexural and compression properties. It is observed that the carbon nanotubes can enhance the mechanical properties in the composite laminates. Composite laminate with 1.5 wt % MWCNT exhibited good mechanical properties compared to that with 0.5 wt % MWCNT and without MWCNT.
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Ghofur, Abdul. "PERGULATAN HUKUM DAN POLITIK DALAM LEGISLASI UU NO. 21 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG PERBANKAN SYARI’AH." Al-Ahkam 23, no. 1 (April 21, 2013): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2013.23.1.73.
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This study intends to analyze the historical background of the enactment of Law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Islamic Banking in the perspective of relationship between law and political power. This study are considered attractive in the context of Indonesia as a state law that the majority of the population is Muslim, which is ethically Islamic law becomes an important part in the law development. Politically, the Indonesian government also has a historical background of the harmonious relationship with the Islamic forces. Determination of law No. 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia banking is not free from the constellation and political configurations that occured at that time. However, despite decorated by strict political configuration, the determination of this statue has a accountability of its juridical basis, sociological, and philosophical. Determination This law proves that Islamic law has become one of the sources of national law and has the opportunity to contribute to the development of national laws optimally in the future.
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Cacciatore, Joanne, and Kara Thieleman. "We Rise Out of the Cradle into the Grave: An Ethnographic Exploration of Ritual, Mourning, and Death on a Hutterite Colony." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 69, no. 4 (December 2014): 357–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.69.4.b.
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The Hutterites are a closed ethnoreligious community whose funeral traditions have remained unchanged for centuries. Few researchers have had the opportunity to study this unique group. This study is an ethnographic exploration into the experience of child death and ritual on a Hutterite colony utilizing participant-observation and interviewing. Three recurrent themes emerged: ritual/tradition, spirituality/faith, and social cohesion and integration/group identity. Observed rituals are situated within the broader framework. While some aspects of the response to death may resemble those of mainstream culture, a deeper evaluation of descriptive and structural specifics reveals some important differences. Most of the cultural contrast is contained in concrete social enactment of death rituals, shared identity, and the immutable faith in God at the center of the Hutterite mourning process. These factors may help account for the low rates of mental disorders seen among Hutterites, even following traumatic events, and would be worthy of further investigation.
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Katti, Vijaya, and Kashika Arora. "US-China Trade War: Opportunities for India." Global Trade and Customs Journal 15, Issue 11/12 (November 1, 2020): 553–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2020094.
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With the launch of trade war against China, the US government that had pressured many a country to liberalize trade and globalize seems to have turned against its own agenda. The United States, once a staunch supporter of free trade has put in place and widened the coverage of a protectionist shield aimed at stimulating domestic production and reducing the country’s trade deficit. With the supremacy of globalization under siege, we provide clarity on the turn of events to facilitate understanding of the concepts involved; we present a robust time-series analysis to determine the extent this trade war between China and the United States brings opportunities for India. We have provided the list of products belonging to technology and labour-intensive categories that India can further export to the United States and reap the gains before other countries. Timely enactment of Indian government policies would be prudent to avail India of this opportunity.
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Lehmann, Constance M. "Internal Controls: A Compendium of Short Cases." Issues in Accounting Education 25, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 741–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2010.25.4.741.
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ABSTRACT: The importance of a strong internal control system is a central theme in auditing and accounting information systems courses, taking on even more importance with the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Effective enterprise governance, the fulfillment of management objectives, and minimizing the opportunity for fraudulent activity are positively associated with the strength of the internal control system of a company (Peterson and Zikmund 2004). Six short, open-ended internal control cases are presented here. One or more of the cases can be utilized in auditing or accounting information systems courses. These cases address the following control issues: (1) hiring practices, (2) weaknesses in credit authorization procedures, (3) benefits and risks of new technology, (4) benefits and risks of remote access, (5) disaster recovery/business continuity plans, and (6) procedures for employee reimbursements. The cases can be used in small group or individual settings in traditional auditing classes, auditing classes with IT or internal audit emphasis, or accounting information systems classes.
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Duncan, William A., John O. Everett, and William A. Raabe. "Planning to Minimize the Risks and Maximize the Rewards of the Estate Portability Election." ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jltr-51166.
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ABSTRACT Estate tax planning has been changed substantially with the enactment of the carryover of unused estate tax exclusion amounts from the first spouse to die to the estate of the second spouse. Termed portability, the availability of the deceased spouse's unused exclusion amount (DSUEA) largely eliminates the need for most taxpayers to conduct a series of lifetime asset transfers to balance estates and maximize the use of the exclusions. It also opens an opportunity for a double basis increase adjustment, one when the first spouse dies and a second when the surviving spouse dies. Where the DSUEA is sufficient to offset the additional inclusion from estate taxation in whole or in part, there may be an advantage to using the marital deduction to avoid inclusion in the tax base until the second demise. We explore the combination of estate asset values, appreciation expectations, and appropriate properties within the context of planning with the portability election, as well as the risk variables associated with such planning strategies.
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BOCCAGNI, PAOLO, and JACQUES RAMÍREZ. "Building Democracy or Reproducing ‘Ecuadoreanness’? A Transnational Exploration of Ecuadorean Migrants' External Voting." Journal of Latin American Studies 45, no. 4 (November 2013): 721–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x13001181.
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AbstractEcuador has emerged as a good case study of the interactions between diasporas and their countries of origin. The recent enactment of external voting rights has mirrored a novel political discourse which emphasises the positive contribution of ‘emigrant brothers’ and their unbroken allegiance to their homeland. Expatriate reactions to these new political developments are at the core of our article, which heuristically reconstructs the social roots and meanings of expatriate participation in the constitutional referendum held in 2008. Questionnaires were simultaneously administered to Ecuadorean voters in nine cities in seven countries. Based on this innovative convenience sample, the expectations and motivations underlying people's electoral involvement and civic participation are explored against the background of transnational connections and attachments. An understanding of voters' involvement on a terrain of symbolic patriotism, identity reassertion and ‘home re-evocation’ – rather than in strictly electoral terms – is advanced. External voting – whatever its impact on domestic politics – should be appreciated as an institutional opportunity for migrants' national identification and belonging to be represented.
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McKelvey, Steve, and John Grady. "Sponsorship Program Protection Strategies for Special Sport Events: Are Event Organizers Outmaneuvering Ambush Marketers?" Journal of Sport Management 22, no. 5 (September 2008): 550–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.22.5.550.
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Companies invest millions of dollars to become “official sponsors” of major global sporting events. The tremendous publicity and consumer audiences generated by such events provide an attractive marketing opportunity for companies other than the event’s official sponsors who seek to associate themselves in the minds of the public with the goodwill and popularity of these events. This activity, known as ambush marketing, poses significant legal and business challenges for sport event organizers seeking to protect both the financial investment of official sponsors and the integrity of their sponsorship programs. With rising sponsorship stakes, event organizers have become increasingly proactive in their efforts to combat ambush marketing. This article examines the implementation and effectiveness of a variety of evolving sponsorship program protection strategies including: pre-event education and public relations initiatives; on-site policing tactics; contractual language in athlete participation and spectator ticket agreements; and the enactment and enforcement of special trademark protection legislation.