Journal articles on the topic 'Opportunity belief'
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Pietropaoli, Matthew. "A Fruitful Crisis of Belief." Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association 91 (2017): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/acpaproc201991288.
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The philosopher Hans Jonas penned several essays illustrating how modern thought represents a revolutionary overturning of previously held religious beliefs. The new paradigms of thought toppled prior worldviews of Christianity. Thus, modernity represents a crisis for religious belief. Yet, Jonas contends that modern thought may paradoxically provide the occasion for a deeper encounter with God. This paper will examine Jonas’s discussions on both the challenge and opportunity which modern thought presents to Christianity. First, I will address Jonas’s understanding of how modern science transformed the Christian, God-centered view of the universe, showing, instead, a world following from impersonal laws. Second, I look briefly at Jonas’s understanding of how Rudolph Bultmann responded to this crisis by attempting to “de-mythologize” belief. Third, I will show how Jonas argues that the challenge of modern science to Christian cosmology allows the believer the opportunity for a closer connection to God, moving beyond beliefs and into relationship.
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Alston, Lee J. "Beyond Institutions: Beliefs and Leadership." Journal of Economic History 77, no. 2 (June 2017): 353–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050717000523.
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Beliefs shape the choices of institutions. Beliefs are generally stable, but shocks that cause sufficiently unexpected economic and political outcomes make beliefs malleable. Within these windows of opportunity, leadership can play a role in shaping a new belief among the dominant organizations that in turn generates new institutions and over time a possible transition to a new developmental trajectory.
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Dutko, Joseph Lee. "Beyond Ordinance: Pentecostals and a Sacramental Understanding of the Lord’s Supper." Journal of Pentecostal Theology 26, no. 2 (September 10, 2017): 252–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455251-02602006.
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Most Pentecostal churches define the Lord’s Supper as an ordinance, and they practice it mainly as a cognitive act of remembrance. This article argues that this ordinance/memorialist position is inconsistent with Pentecostal belief and practice in other areas and that a more sacramental understanding of the Lord’s Supper would provide an opportunity for an intensification and revival of other Pentecostals core beliefs, particularly in the areas of pneumatology, eschatology, and ecclesiology. Despite a problematic and inconsistent history with sacramental thought, this study shows that Pentecostals inherently hold a sacramental worldview in their most distinctive belief of glossolalia, which provides a launching point for all other sacramental discussions in Pentecostal theology. The conclusion emerges that a more sacramental understanding of the Lord’s Supper within Pentecostalism will provide a unique opportunity to promote, extend, and at times revive core Pentecostal beliefs and values and reinvigorate Spirit-centered worship in Pentecostal churches.
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Ivanova, Stela, Theresa Treffers, and Fred Langerak. "Emotional paths leading to opportunity desirability and feasibility beliefs through controllability." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 36, no. 5 (January 24, 2018): 546–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242617751596.
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Extant studies promote opportunity belief as an antecedent of entrepreneurial action. However, we do not sufficiently understand how beliefs about the desirability and feasibility of an entrepreneurial opportunity are formed. We argue that desirability and feasibility are related but distinct micro-foundations of entrepreneurial action formed through different cognitive-emotional mechanisms. Drawing on the appraisal tendency framework, we investigate the indirect effects of three basic emotions (anger, fear and happiness) on desirability and feasibility through the appraisal tendency of controllability. In an experimental study ( N = 191), we find evidence for the distinctiveness and interconnectedness of desirability and feasibility beliefs. In addition, our findings show that desirability can be predicted by emotions through controllability, but we cannot predict feasibility through the same appraisal process. Our study seeks insights concerning how desirability and feasibility beliefs regarding an entrepreneurial opportunity are distinctively formed based on the inner cognitive and emotional processes of individuals.
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Keh, Hean Tat, Maw Der Foo, and Boon Chong Lim. "Opportunity Evaluation under Risky Conditions: The Cognitive Processes of Entrepreneurs." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 27, no. 2 (April 2002): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00003.
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Even though the entrepreneurship literature places much emphasis on opportunity recognition, little is known about how entrepreneurs actually evaluate opportunities. This study uses a cognitive approach to examine opportunity evaluation, as the perception of opportunity is essentially a cognitive phenomenon. We present a model that consists of four independent variables (overconfidence, belief in the law of small numbers, planning fallacy, and illusion of control), a mediating variable (risk perception), two control variables (demographics and risk propensity), and the dependent variable (opportunity evaluation). We find that illusion of control and belief in the law of small numbers are related to how entrepreneurs evaluate opportunities. Our results also indicate that risk perception mediates opportunity evaluation.
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Meester, Ronald. "Classical probabilities and belief functions in legal cases." Law, Probability and Risk 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/lpr/mgaa005.
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Abstract I critically discuss a recent suggestion in Nance (Belief Functions and Burdens of Proof. Law, Probability and Risk, 18:53–76, 2018) concerning the question which ratios of beliefs are appropriate when in criminal or civil cases one works with belief functions instead of classical probabilities. I do not call into question the use of belief functions themselves in this context, and I agree with in Nance (Belief Functions and Burdens of Proof. Law, Probability and Risk, 18:53–76, 2018) that so-called ‘uncommitted support’, possible in the framework of belief functions, should not be taken into account in a decision-theoretic framework. However, I argue against in Nance (Belief Functions and Burdens of Proof. Law, Probability and Risk, 18:53–76, 2018) in that, at least in criminal law, relative sizes of beliefs should not be used for decision-making at all. I will argue that only the individual, absolute beliefs should be considered. Since belief functions generalize classical probabilities, this position seems at first sight to conflict with the fact that odds are abundant when we use classical probabilities in a legal context. I will take the opportunity, then, to point out that also in the classical setting, odds are not our primary concern either. They are convenient since they appear, together with the likelihood ratio, in the odds form of Bayes’ rule. Apart from that, they do not have any individual significance. I also note that in civil law the conclusions might be different.
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Harding, Kim, and Abby Day. "Vegan YouTubers Performing Ethical Beliefs." Religions 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12010007.
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In Great Britain, “religion or belief” is one of nine “protected characteristics” under the Equality Act 2010, which protects citizens from discrimination in the workplace and in wider society. This paper begins with a discussion about a 2020 ruling, “Jordi Casamitjana vs. LACS”, which concluded that ethical vegans are entitled to similar legal protections in British workplaces as those who hold philosophical religious beliefs. While not all vegans hold a philosophical belief to the same extent as Casamitjana, the ruling is significant and will be of interest to scholars investigating non-religious ethical beliefs. To explore this, we have analysed a sample of YouTube videos on the theme of “my vegan story”, showing how vloggers circulate narratives about ethical veganism and the process of their conversion to vegan beliefs and practices. The story format can be understood as what Abby Day has described as a performative “belief narrative”, offering a greater opportunity to understand research participants’ beliefs and related identities than, for example, findings from a closed-question survey. We suggest that through performative acts, YouTubers create “ethical beliefs” through the social, mediatised, transformative, performative and relational practice of their digital content. In doing so, we incorporate a digital perspective to enrich academic discussions of non-religious beliefs.
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Lindsay, John, Adhieu Arok, Seth M. Bybee, Walter Cho, April Maskiewicz Cordero, Daniel G. Ferguson, Leontine L. Galante, et al. "Using a Reconciliation Module Leads to Large Gains in Evolution Acceptance." CBE—Life Sciences Education 18, no. 4 (December 2019): ar58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-04-0080.
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Too many students reject the theory of evolution because they view it as incompatible with their religious beliefs. Some have argued that abandoning religious belief is the only way to help religious individuals accept evolution. Conversely, our data support that highlighting faith/evolution compatibility is an effective means to increase student acceptance. We surveyed students enrolled in entry-level biology courses at four religiously affiliated institutions. At each university, teachers gave students a presentation that demonstrated potential compatibility between evolution and faith within the teachings of each university’s respective religious affiliation. Students were asked to evaluate their own beliefs about evolution both before and after this instruction. After instruction at each university, students showed significant gains in evolution acceptance without abandoning their religious beliefs. These results demonstrate that giving religious students the opportunity to reconcile their religious beliefs with the theory of evolution under the influence of intentional instruction on the compatibility of belief and evolution can lead to increased evolution acceptance among religious students.
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Filatova, Mariia. "The concept of «warrant» of the christian belief in Alvin Plantinga`S theistic philosophy." Grani 23, no. 4 (July 5, 2020): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172046.
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The study focuses on the concept of warranted Christian belief, which was introduced by A. Plantinga. The purpose of the research is to consider the warrant as a property of the Christian belief, moreover through which it can become knowledge. The study scrutinizes the possibility of accepting faith without theistic arguments. The author analyzes A. Plantinga's classification of a warrant, for example, deontologism, coherentism and reliabilism. The author gives a general characteristic of warranted belief, moreover, the study stresses that belief has a warrant for a person if it is produced by cognitive faculties functioning properly, if a belief is formed in an appropriate epistemic environment, if cognitive faculties are operating according to a design plan reliably aimed at truth, if a person has no defeaters for that belief. The article emphasizes that if A. Plantinga's A/C model is true, then theistic belief is truly warranted, consequently a warrant of theistic belief depends on the proof of the existence of God. The author of the research contends that beliefs can have different degrees of the warrant, and if this degree becomes sufficient, belief becomes knowledge. Moreover, the author points out that one of the basic beliefs admitted by A. Plantinga is belief in God. The study analyzes four types of human interaction with God: internal instigation of the Holy Spirit, perception of God (sensus divinitatis), Holy Scripture, and faith. The main function of the internal instigation of the Holy Spirit is to inspire a human to have faith in God. Moreover, the author emphasizes that Christian beliefs, acquired by the internal instigation of the Holy Spirit, are not only warranted but have sufficient justification to be knowledge. The complex action of the perception of God and internal instigation of the Holy Spirit provide reliable, properly basic beliefs that are referred to the truth written in the Holy Gospel. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that there are no convincing arguments for the Christian belief for those who have not accepted it. In the conclusion, the author points out that forming an A/C model, A. Plantinga creates a double problem, on the one hand, his goal is to warrant the truth of the theistic belief, and he performs his task, but, on the other hand, he tries to demonstrate warrant of the Christian belief, and presents the same opportunity to representatives of other theistic religions. Thus, instead of arguing with atheism, A. Plantinga turns to a discussion with non-Christian theistic religions.
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Perkins, David R., Kristin Timm, Teresa Myers, and Edward Maibach. "Broadcast Meteorologists’ Views on Climate Change: A State-of-the-Community Review." Weather, Climate, and Society 12, no. 2 (April 2020): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-19-0003.1.
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AbstractBroadcast meteorologists—highly skilled professionals who work at the intersection between climate scientists and the public—have considerable opportunity to educate their viewers about the local impacts of global climate change. Prior research has shown that, within the broadcast meteorology community, views of climate change have evolved rapidly over the past decade. Here, using data from three census surveys of U.S. broadcast meteorologists conducted annually between 2015 and 2017, is a comprehensive analysis of broadcast meteorologists’ views about climate change. Specifically, this research describes weathercasters’ beliefs about climate change and certainty in those beliefs, perceived causes of climate change, perceived scientific consensus and interest in learning more about climate change, belief that climate change is occurring (and the certainty of that belief), belief that climate change is human caused, perceptions of any local impacts of climate change, and perceptions of the solvability of climate change. Today’s weathercaster community appears to be sharing the same viewpoints and outlooks as most climate scientists—in particular, that climate change is already affecting the United States and that present-day trends are largely a result of human activity.
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Ramdany, Rifky Mohammad. "Conception of the Contents of the Medina Charter and the 1945 Constitution: The Right to Freedom of Religion." Asian Journal of Law and Humanity 1, no. 1 (October 23, 2021): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/ajlh.v1i1.4946.
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The right to freedom of religion is a right that must be regulated and guaranteed by the state as a fundamental and universal human right inherent in human beings. This study aims to analyze the differences in the regulation of the right to religious freedom in the Medina Charter and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and their application. This normative juridical research uses a legal and conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that both the Medina Charter and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia have contained provisions regarding the right to freedom of religion, but there are fundamental differences between the two, namely in terms of the difference in regulation between religion and belief. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia stipulates that there are differences between religion and belief, while in the Medina Charter there is no different arrangement between religion and belief. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia only regulates rights, while obligations are not regulated and must be carried out according to their respective beliefs. The conception of differences in regulation between religion and belief in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia can be an opportunity to cause religious conflict in Indonesia.
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Morris, Paul, Sarah Knight, and Sarah Lesley. "Belief in Animal Mind: Does Familiarity with Animals Influence Beliefs about Animal Emotions?" Society & Animals 20, no. 3 (2012): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341234.
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Abstract Belief in the mental lives of nonhuman animals can have an impact on how we view and treat them, yet little is known about how and why laypeople attribute emotions to other species. The current study investigated how familiarity with animals (in terms of ownership) relates to beliefs regarding different emotions within and across species. An opportunity sample of 200 participants completed a questionnaire that measured familiarity with animals and beliefs about the capacity of a variety of species to experience a range of 16 different emotions. Participants reported varied levels of experience with animals and it was found that, regardless of familiarity, participants reported a wide variety of emotions in all the species they were asked to consider. However, participants who had never lived with an animal reported far fewer emotions than those who had, regardless of species. Keeping more than one animal did not increase the number of emotions reported. Keepers of a particular species always reported more emotions for that species than nonkeepers of that species. We conclude that familiarity with animals is an important determinant of belief about emotions in animals and animal mind in general.
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IJzerman, Hans, and Jan-Willem van Prooijen. "Just World and the Emotional Defense of Self." Social Psychology 39, no. 2 (January 2008): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335.39.2.117.
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This research examines how individuals with different affect regulation strategies cope with just-world threats. Our study demonstrated that individuals who poorly downregulate negative affect (a state-oriented style) more avidly attempt to defend a just world after this opportunity is offered via an authority figure when that belief of a just world was threatened than do individuals who successfully downregulate negative affect (an action-oriented style), after a filler task. Sizable differences thus exist in how individuals defend their just-world beliefs as a function of how people deal with their affective states.
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Prewitt, James E., Richard Weil, and Anthony Q. McClure. "CRISIS LEADERSHIP - AN ORGANIZATIONAL OPPORTUNITY." Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 01, no. 06 (January 8, 2012): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52283/nswrca.ajbmr.20110106a07.
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Reactive leadership and crisis management have been synonymous for years. This flows from the belief that crisis is unpredictable and unexpected, which is simply not true. Crisis has its genesis in the values, beliefs, culture, or behavior of an organization which become incongruent with the milieu in which the organization operates. A leader, who is able to read the signals of looming crisis and understands how to harness the exigency brought on by the situation, can diminish the potential dangers and take full advantage of the resulting opportunities. This paper presents a generic crisis lifecycle as a representation of overall crisis. Since a crisis can be broken down into three unique phases, crisis lifecycles can be understood and utilized for the benefit of the organization. In the first phase of the lifecycle, the organization finds itself mired in a static phase which equates to a comfort zone. In this first phase leaders struggle when they attempt to introduce change or learning due to the organizations preference to avoid conflict and maintain stasis. When a crisis engulfs an organization then the stasis that envelops the organization evaporates and gives rise to the second phase or the disaster phase. The disaster phase often threatens the very existence of the organization. When the organization successfully eliminates the immediate organizational threat, the organization is able to enter the adjustive phase of the crisis lifecycle. In this third phase, the leader has the undivided attention of the organization and the underlying urgency to solve the issues that led to the crisis in the first place. Regrettably, many leaders don’t take advantage of this golden opportunity and push the organization back toward the status-quo which ensures that the crisis will return in force. The study of crisis leadership has become more important since the dawn of the new millennium because leaders in all areas face differing degrees of crisis in their daily work life. This emphasis on crisis leadership has spawned many books and academic journal articles which has resulted in a wide-ranging body of work from which we have divined the three stages of crisis and six strategies crucial for organizational success. These strategies are illustrated with examples of crisis leadership and how leaders saved their organization and tailored them for long-term significance.
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Azarian, Reza. "Analytical Sociology and Symbolic Interactionism: Bridging the Intra-disciplinary Divide." American Sociologist 52, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 530–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12108-021-09484-2.
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AbstractThe aim of the present article is to contribute to the development of the Desire-Belief-Opportunity-model from a symbolic interactionist perspective. The main argument is that this model needs to incorporate the classical notion of definition of the situation to be able to account for the formative impact of interaction on the formation of actor’s beliefs, as well as the complex interdependency between two of its key components, namely the beliefs and the action opportunities of the actor. It is argued that the theoretical advancement of the DBO-model in this particular direction is not only feasible but also brings it considerably closer to the analytical refinement and the empirical validation it currently lacks.
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Cui, Yiyun, and Jingbo Chen. "An Analysis on the Formation Basis of Young Marxists' Belief in Colleges and Universities in Jilin Province." Journal of Higher Education Research 3, no. 2 (April 19, 2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jher.v3i2.742.
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Belief determines people's values, which also serves as an important spiritual pillar and motivation source. The belief of young Marxists matters much to the growth of young people and the formation of their values, and is also pertinent to the future and future of the country and nation. Therefore, the issue of faith is of vital importance to both the youth and the country, so the research on the foundation of the generation of young Marxists' belief is a top priority. The formation basis of young Marxist belief in this paper is analyzed in colleges and universities in Jilin Province from the three dimensions of the role of the youth, opportunity and historical mission.
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Liu, Bin, Gongming Qian, and David Ahlstrom. "Desire-belief-opportunity Framework and A Typology of Family Firms Evidenced in Internationalization." Academy of Management Proceedings 2021, no. 1 (August 2021): 11479. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.11479abstract.
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ZHANG, Hao, Yu ZHANG, Shuang ZHAO, and Xinbo SUN. "The formation of user perspective taking and its influence on opportunity belief performance." Advances in Psychological Science 31, no. 1 (2023): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2023.00045.
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Pang, Valerie. "The Beliefs of Successful Asian American Pacific Islander Teachers: How Culture Is Embedded In Their Teaching." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 7, no. 1 (2009): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus7.1_55-82_pang.
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Equal educational opportunity is highly dependent on the beliefs and abilities of teachers. However, there is a dearth of research on Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) education and the beliefs of successful AAPI educators. Their contributions have been marginalized in the field of education. This research studied the beliefs of nineteen AAPI educators of a successful low-income (82%), 98 percent minority (75% AAPI and 23% Latino) K–8 school. Student achievement levels are beyond what would be expected with an Academic Performance Index (API) of 860. Any score above 800 is considered exceptional in California. Cultural values are embedded in the belief system of the teachers, and these beliefs result in high teacher personal efficacy and collective efficacy. These then influence teacher behaviors as evidenced by utilized instructional strategies, contributed informal leadership roles, and the long-term stability of the school.
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CICCHETTI, DANTE, FRED A. ROGOSCH, ANGELINE MAUGHAN, SHEREE L. TOTH, and JACQUELINE BRUCE. "False belief understanding in maltreated children." Development and Psychopathology 15, no. 4 (November 14, 2003): 1067–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579403000440.
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False belief understanding was investigated in maltreated (N = 203), low socioeconomic status (SES) nonmaltreated (N = 143), and middle SES nonmaltreated (N = 172) 3- to 8-year-old children. Contrasts among the three groups provided an opportunity to examine the impact of family contextual influences on theory of mind development. Specifically, child maltreatment served as an “experiment of nature” in order to elucidate theory of mind abilities. Two false belief tasks and language assessments were administered. Among children with a verbal mental age of 49 months or greater, maltreatment was related to delays in the development of theory of mind, beyond the influence of chronological age and SES. The occurrence of maltreatment during the toddler period, onset during the toddler years, and physical abuse were features of maltreatment associated with delay in the development of theory of mind. Findings are discussed in terms of the influence of harsh caregiving on the development of theory of mind. Implications for the understanding of normal developmental processes are highlighted.
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Chandrashekaran, Murali, Beth A. Walker, James C. Ward, and Peter H. Reingen. "Modeling Individual Preference Evolution and Choice in a Dynamic Group Setting." Journal of Marketing Research 33, no. 2 (May 1996): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379603300208.
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Organizational buying and strategic marketing decisions often emerge from a messy process of belief accommodation and compromise. In a longitudinal field study, the authors investigate how the beliefs and preferences of individual actors in a collective decision developed and changed. This provides a rare opportunity to relate beliefs and social influence to articulated preferences, as well as to evaluate the basic assumptions that underlie persuasive arguments theory, a prominent theory of group polarization. Econometric models are employed to test proposed relationships between group processes and outcomes. A model incorporating both cognitive and social process variables accurately predicts 95% of the actors’ top choices. The authors provide new insights for understanding the dynamics underlying group polarization and exploring group processes in marketing.
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King, Tania L., Philip J. Batterham, Helen Lingard, Jorgen Gullestrup, Chris Lockwood, Samuel B. Harvey, Brian Kelly, Anthony D. LaMontagne, and Allison Milner. "Are Young Men Getting the Message? Age Differences in Suicide Prevention Literacy among Male Construction Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030475.
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Suicide is a leading cause of death among young men. Help-seeking is known to be poor among this group, and little is known about what interventions are most successful in improving suicide prevention literacy among young men. This research aims to examine: (1) age differences in beliefs related to suicide prevention literacy and attitudes to the workplace in addressing mental health among male construction workers; (2) age differences in response to a workplace suicide prevention program. Pre- and post-training survey data of 19,917 male respondents were obtained from a workplace training program database. Linear regression models and predictive margins were computed. Mean differences in baseline beliefs, and belief change were obtained for age groups, and by occupation. Young men demonstrated poorer baseline suicide prevention literacy but were more likely to consider that mental health is a workplace health and safety issue. There was also evidence that young men employed in manual occupations had poorer suicide prevention literacy than older men, and young men employed in professional/managerial roles. The youngest respondents demonstrated the greatest intervention-associated change (higher scores indicating more favourable belief change) to People considering suicide often send out warning signs (predicted mean belief change 0.47, 95% CI 0.43, 0.50 for those aged 15–24 years compared to 0.38, 95% CI 0.36, 0.41 for men aged 45 years and over), and to The construction industry must do something to reduce suicide rates (predicted mean belief change 0.17, 95% CI 0.15, 0.20 for those aged 15–24 years compared to 0.12, 95% CI 0.10, 0.14 among men aged 45 years and over). Results indicate that while suicide prevention literacy may be lower among young men, this group show amenability to changing beliefs. There were some indications that young men have a greater propensity to regard the workplace as having a role in reducing suicide rates and addressing mental health, highlighting opportunity for workplace interventions.
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Brett, Jo, Emma L. Davies, Fiona Matley, Paul Aveyard, Mary Wells, David Foxcroft, Brian Nicholson, et al. "Electronic cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid for patients with cancer: beliefs and behaviours of clinicians in the UK." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e037637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037637.
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ObjectivesTo explore UK clinicians’ beliefs and behaviours around recommending e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid for patients with cancer.DesignCross-sectional online survey.SettingEngland, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.ParticipantsClinicians involved in the care of patients with cancer.Primary and secondary outcomesBehavioural Change Wheel capability, opportunity and motivation to perform a behaviour, knowledge, beliefs, current practice around e-cigarettes and other smoking cessation practices.MethodClinicians (n=506) completed an online survey to assess beliefs and behaviours around e-cigarettes and other smoking cessation practices for patients with cancer. Behavioural factors associated with recommending e-cigarettes in practice were assessed.Results29% of clinicians would not recommend e-cigarettes to patients with cancer who continue to smoke. Factors associated with recommendation include smoking cessation knowledge (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.44) and e-cigarette knowledge (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.55), engagement with patients regarding smoking cessation (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.12 to 4.03), belief in the effectiveness of e-cigarettes (OR 2.36 95% CI 1.61 to 3.47) and belief in sufficient evidence on e-cigarettes (OR 2.08 95% CI 1.10 to 4.00) and how comfortable they felt discussing e-cigarettes with patients (OR 1.57 95% CI 1.04 to 2.36).ConclusionMany clinicians providing cancer care to patients who smoke do not recommend e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid and were unaware of national guidance supporting recommendation of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid.
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Sagioglou, Christina, Matthias Forstmann, and Tobias Greitemeyer. "Belief in Social Mobility Mitigates Hostility Resulting From Disadvantaged Social Standing." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, no. 4 (August 24, 2018): 541–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218789073.
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Comparing economically unfavorably with similar others has detrimental consequences for an individual, ultimately resulting in low physical health, delinquency, and hostility. In four studies ( N = 2,032), we examined whether believing in a mobile society—one offering fair chances and opportunity—mitigates hostile emotions resulting from disadvantaged social standing. We find that with increasing mobility belief, negative comparisons have gradually less impact on hostility. Specifically, measured (Studies 1 and 4) and manipulated (Studies 2 and 3) social mobility belief moderated the link between induced high versus low social status, experiencing relative deprivation, and hostile affect. A positive outcome on the surface, social mobility belief may indirectly contribute to the maintenance of social inequality by appeasing anger about perceived injustice.
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Vickers, Lucy. "Promoting equality or fostering resentment? The public sector equality duty and religion and belief." Legal Studies 31, no. 1 (March 2011): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2010.00187.x.
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The paper assesses the extension of the public sector equality duty to cover religion and belief. The duty on public authorities is to have due regard to the need to eliminate discrimination, harassment and victimisation on grounds of religion and belief; and advance equality of opportunity and foster good relations between people of different religions (and none). The paper considers a number of concerns about how this duty may be applied in the context of religion and belief, and, in particular, that it could give rise to resentment between communities rather than fostering good relations. It is suggested that the potential difficulties of such a duty, when applied to religion and belief, may be lessened if it is based overtly on a concept of equality which aims to address disadvantage, rather than on a concept based on dignity or recognition.
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Hoff, Karla, and Priyanka Pandey. "Opportunity is not everything. How belief systems and mistrust shape responses to economic incentives." Economics of Transition 13, no. 3 (July 2005): 445–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0351.2005.00230.x.
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Wyver, Shirley. "Australian Preservice Early Childhood Teachers’ Considerations of Natural Areas as Conducive and Important to Include in Educational Experiences." Education Sciences 12, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12070481.
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Understanding preservice early childhood teachers’ perspectives on education in nature is important in the context of risk aversion and the future of education for sustainability. In the present study, 296 early childhood preservice teachers examined 16 photographs of outdoor areas from four categories: park with fence, park without fence, grassy area, forest. They the selected photographs depicting areas they most preferred and least preferred. They then selected photographs depicting areas the considered most or least conduciveness to education. The participants also completed a series of questions related to their beliefs about education in nature ant the benefits for child development and health. There were clear associations between the areas participants preferred and those they considered educationally conducive. Likewise, there were associations between areas participants least preferred and their ratings of least conducive. The belief that nature experiences belong within school settings was the strongest predictor of perceived educational and developmental benefits. The findings suggest more opportunity to spend time in a range of natural environments and a belief in the importance of nature experiences should be emphasised in early childhood preservice teacher training.
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Hu, Xiaoti, Susan Marlow, Angelika Zimmermann, Lee Martin, and Regina Frank. "Understanding Opportunities in Social Entrepreneurship: A Critical Realist Abstraction." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 44, no. 5 (October 13, 2019): 1032–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1042258719879633.
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This article extends social entrepreneurship (SE) research by drawing upon a critical realist perspective to analyse dynamic structure/agency relations in SE opportunity emergence, illustrated by empirical evidence. Our findings demonstrate an agential aspect (opportunity actualisation following a path-dependent seeding-growing-shaping process) and a structural aspect (institutional, cognitive and embedded structures necessary for SE opportunity emergence) related to SE opportunities. These structures provide three boundary conditions for SE agency: institutional discrimination, an SE belief system and social feasibility. Within this article, we develop a novel theoretical framework to analyse SE opportunities plus, an applicable tool to advance related empirical research.
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Leurent, B., I. Nazareth, J. Bellón-Saameño, M. I. Geerlings, H. Maaroos, S. Saldivia, I. Švab, F. Torres-González, M. Xavier, and M. King. "Spiritual and religious beliefs as risk factors for the onset of major depression: an international cohort study." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 10 (January 29, 2013): 2109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712003066.
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BackgroundSeveral studies have reported weak associations between religious or spiritual belief and psychological health. However, most have been cross-sectional surveys in the USA, limiting inference about generalizability. An international longitudinal study of incidence of major depression gave us the opportunity to investigate this relationship further.MethodData were collected in a prospective cohort study of adult general practice attendees across seven countries. Participants were followed at 6 and 12 months. Spiritual and religious beliefs were assessed using a standardized questionnaire, and DSM-IV diagnosis of major depression was made using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Logistic regression was used to estimate incidence rates and odds ratios (ORs), after multiple imputation of missing data.ResultsThe analyses included 8318 attendees. Of participants reporting a spiritual understanding of life at baseline, 10.5% had an episode of depression in the following year compared to 10.3% of religious participants and 7.0% of the secular group (p < 0.001). However, the findings varied significantly across countries, with the difference being significant only in the UK, where spiritual participants were nearly three times more likely to experience an episode of depression than the secular group [OR 2.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59–4.68]. The strength of belief also had an effect, with participants with strong belief having twice the risk of participants with weak belief. There was no evidence of religion acting as a buffer to prevent depression after a serious life event.ConclusionsThese results do not support the notion that religious and spiritual life views enhance psychological well-being.
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Olson, Bradley J., Wenlong Yuan, Yongjian Bao, and Zhenyu Wu. "Interpreting strategic issues: Effects of differentiation strategies and resource configurations on corporate entrepreneurship." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 21, no. 3 (September 16, 2019): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465750319874602.
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Differentiation strategy represents the shared belief about the market and provides the lens through which executives filter external information. Based on the relevant information peculiar to the strategy and resource configurations in the firm, executives develop opportunity or threat interpretations and take responsive actions. Using the two-wave survey data from 294 CEOs in China during the 2008 macro crisis, we find that the configuration of differentiation, financial slack, and technological capabilities affects corporate entrepreneurship through opportunity interpretations.
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Vinden, Penelope G. "Understanding minds and evidence for belief: A study of Mofu children in Cameroon." International Journal of Behavioral Development 26, no. 5 (September 2002): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250143000391.
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This study explores young children’s understanding of mind and their ability to give evidence for belief. Mofu children of Cameroon were chosen as participants as they provide a unique opportunity to compare the development of an understanding of minds and evidence in schooled and nonschooled populations. A series of standard theory-of-mind tasks were given to 154 children, as well as a novel evidence task. Results suggest that children who have attended school develop an understanding of minds earlier than nonattenders. School attenders did not show superior understanding of evidence for false belief. They did perform better than the nonschooled sample, however, on a question concerning evidence for a subsequent true belief, although performance on this question for both groups was poor.
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Hartmann, Carol A., Erin F. Hutchinson, and Beverley Kramer. "Anatomy: An Opportunity for South African Health Science Students to Discuss Their Emotional Responses to Human Remains in the Laboratory." Education Sciences 12, no. 6 (May 25, 2022): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12060367.
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Human dissection remains a cornerstone of the anatomy learning experience. However, the emotional response of students to the use of human remains for learning is influenced by a number of factors and is not always positive. Therefore, this study explored the students’ emotional response to and factors affecting their perceptions of the use of human remains for learning anatomy in a South African context. Four hundred and eighty of the 1538 health sciences students enrolled in human anatomy courses at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa during 2016 and 2017, completed a voluntary survey. The survey included closed and open-ended questions on students’ emotional responses, coping mechanisms and the factors that affected their perceptions of the use of human remains and dissection. Overall, the students had a positive emotional response. Their perceptions of dissection were affected in positive and negative ways by their religious and cultural beliefs. Feelings of gratitude and respect toward the cadaver were informed by belief systems. However, anxiety was caused by the delay of accepted sociocultural burial practices. Peer discussions were the preferred coping method, which may provide an approach for students to discuss how their beliefs influence their dissection experience.
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Dali, Najoua, and Sana Harbi. "The Effect of Risk Perception and Cognitive Biases on the Evaluation of Opportunity in Family and Non-Family Entrepreneurs: The Case of Tunisian Entrepreneurs." Journal of Enterprising Culture 24, no. 03 (September 2016): 281–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495816500114.
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This study uses cognitive biases to examine opportunity evaluation among family and non-family entrepreneurs, and investigated the effect of risk perception in this type of entrepreneurs. The aim of this paper is to examine empirically if family entrepreneurs differ in terms of risk perception and opportunity evaluation from non-family entrepreneurs. We use a sample of 144 established businesses to run both test hypothesis and regression analysis. Our results indicate that there is no significant difference between the two categories of entrepreneurs. The structural regression analysis suggests that risk perception mediates opportunity evaluation and that (i) the belief in the law of small numbers and (ii) the illusion of control decreases risk perception among entrepreneurs when evaluating an opportunity.
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Muhammad Yusry Affandy Md Isa. "PENTAFSIRAN AKIDAH DALAM SURAH AL-FATIHAH MENURUT PEMIKIRAN HJ. MUHAMMAD SA’ID BIN ‘UMAR." Maʿālim al-Qurʾān wa al-Sunnah 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jmqs.v18i2.363.
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Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan is the earliest Malay-language tafsir book that was printed in 1934. This book was written by Hj. Muhammad Sa’d bin ’Umar (d. 1932 AD) presented the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah as an introduction to the book as is common with the content of other books of interpretation. The interpretation is still general and requires a study to see if it contains the facts of faith and is appropriate to be practiced within the framework of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah. This study aims to explain the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah Hj. Muhammad Sa’id in focus of faith. Next, the role of the study is to analyze the beliefs that should be used as guidelines in Muslim life. This study is important in proving that the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah is always consistent in explaining the principles of faith that are compatible with the apparent content of its verses. Knowledge related to fiqh and tasawwuf is not the main container in the early stages of interpreting the book Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan. This qualitative study applies the inductive method by identifying and gathering the facts of belief from the content of the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah. The descriptive method is carried out to analyze the facts of belief in the aspect of emphasis of belief, comparison of facts between sources of interpretation and then formulate the emphasis of belief. The findings of the study show that the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah contains principles of belief that are parallel to the Pillars of Faith. Belief in Allah S.W.T is always emphasized in every verse based on the appearance of the verse and has similarities with some books of al-ma’thur interpretation such as Tafsir Ibn Kathir and Tafsir al-Tabari. The study found that the emphasis on belief is in line with the teachings of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah. Although the method of interpretation is simple without long debates, readers of tafsir have the opportunity to gain a clear and authentic knowledge of the faith behind the interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah.
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Peterson, Scot M. "Beerheide v Suthers: A Case Study Concerning Religion in Prisons in the USA." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 8, no. 36 (January 2005): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00006013.
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The penitentiary in the United States of America originated as a religious institution. Its roots lie in the belief that inmates could reform if they were given an opportunity to engage in reflection, prayer, Bible-reading and work, thus establishing a new personal foundation for functioning as productive members of the larger society. Not surprisingly, given American's predilection for maintaining a secular civil society, this original foundation for the prison eventually fell from favour, and American penological theories became more sociological or psychological in nature. The fact remains, however, that society in the United States is broadly religious, and prisons continue to address the religious beliefs of inmates and how to accommodate those beliefs in a penological setting. This comment provides a case study on this topic, based on littigation concerning the provision of kosher food to Orthodox inmates in the prisons in Colorado.
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Perez Nuñez, Sylvia Mónica, and Martina Musteen. "Learning perspective on sustainable entrepreneurship in a regional context." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 27, no. 3 (May 18, 2020): 365–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-03-2020-0071.
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PurposeThe aim of this study is to examine the role of learning in the opportunity discovery, opportunity exploitation and local embeddedness of sustainable ventures in an emerging economy.Design/methodology/approachWe use a partially grounded approach to analyze three case of successful sustainable ventures in the Cali Baja gastro industry.FindingsWe find that sustainable entrepreneurs possess general knowledge of natural and communal environment along with compassion for the environment. However, it is the acquisition of a specific business-related knowledge that is the trigger for the formation of the first-person opportunity belief (i.e. confidence in the ability to exploit the sustainable business opportunity personally). Our analysis of also reveals several unique learning processes associated with opportunity exploitation and local embeddedness with a special focus on tradeoffs and compromises that are required given the tension between the sometimes conflicting goals of sustainable enterprises.Originality/valueOur study adds to the literature on sustainable entrepreneurship by investigating the complex interplay between personal and contextual factors that unfolds over time as entrepreneurs conceive and then exploit a viable business opportunity that simultaneously addresses environmental and social goals.
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Žigienė, Gerda, Egidijus Rybakovas, Edita Gimžauskienė, and Vaidas Gaidelys. "The Challenges of Mitigating Climate Change Hidden in End-User Beliefs and Expectations." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 2616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052616.
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This research explores the potential challenges of reducing climate change hidden in the personal and collective energy use-related beliefs and expectations of end users. The study proposes a new typology of social environments, using the concept of personal and collective efficacy, which is suitable for exploring the level and nature of the challenges of solving social problems that require engaging whole societies. We use empirical data from round eight of the European Social Survey, which covers more than 20 European countries, and we employ the basic statistical methods of descriptive statistics, linear correlation and population proportion. The findings suggest that the challenges to climate-change mitigation by changing energy-use behaviour could be hidden in contradictions between beliefs in personal and collective abilities to contribute and positive outcome expectations. This opportunity could be addressed by relevant policy measures, providing more evidence of positive outcomes, even from personal contributions, and developing suitable means for collective contributions to increase awareness and belief in collective engagement.
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Torgerson, David J., Jennifer Klaber-Moffett, and Ian T. Russell. "Patient Preferences in Randomised Trials: Threat or Opportunity?" Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 1, no. 4 (October 1996): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135581969600100403.
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Objectives: To assess whether it is feasible to elicit patients’ preferences for treatments and then to proceed with randomisation which may allocate those with preferences to their less preferred treatment; and to describe which prognostic variables were associated with such preferences within the context of a randomised trial of an exercise programme for back pain. Methods: The first 97 patients enrolled in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) for the treatment of back pain were asked about their preferences, health characteristics and other prognostic variables. Results: Fifty-eight (60%) patients preferred to be allocated to the exercise programme whilst 38 (39%) were indifferent; one patient preferred conventional general practitioner (GP) management. No patient refused randomisation. Comparing patients preferring the exercise programme with indifferent patients showed that the former had a higher belief in the effectiveness of the new treatment ( P > 0.01), tended to have worse back pain ( P = 0.09), had back pain for a shorter duration ( P = 0.04), and tended to have had more GP home visits ( P = 0.06). Conclusions: For many randomised trials preference may be an important prognostic variable. In such circumstances, preference should be taken into account in the final analysis. This study demonstrates it is sometimes feasible to randomise patients to their less preferred treatment, thus allowing more robust statistical comparisons between randomised groups. This modification may make RCTs more rigorous and improve their external validity.
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Butoracová Sindleryová, Čajková, and Sambronská. "Pilgrimage in Slovakia—A Hidden Opportunity for the Management of Secular Objects?" Religions 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2019): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10100560.
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The Slovak Republic is a country of a deeply rooted Catholic religion and rich cultural, religious and craft tradition. The authors, in their own research, primarily focus on a group of pilgrims, believers, mostly Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic, who are inhabitants of the Slovak Republic (not necessarily the region in which the object of interest is located). The research is based on geographic and sociological selection. The authors define the research object as cultural and historical secular monuments—museums, castles, chateaux, and the like—located in the centre attractive for this group of tourists, that is to say, in places connected with pilgrimage sites, cathedrals, historically important objects from the point of view of religious belief in individual regions of the Slovak Republic. The aim of the authors is to provide the management of these objects with valuable recommendations reasonably justified by the result of their research, in the context of attracting the target group to visit a selected cultural object not directly related to the tourist activity of the target group, but located in the region of which the target group expresses a strong interest, solely for reasons of religious belief and pilgrimage. The primary research phase target of the authors was to solve the problem of the existence of a specific spectrum of common dominant motivation factors of pilgrimage tourist participation as a target group of exploration of activities and an offer of secular objects in the region (see Materials and Methods, H1). We analysed the results of our research through the SPSS program. We used the factor analysis method to extract the key motivation factors, and we have extracted key factors using principal component analysis and VARIMAX rotation in the right-angle system (rotated solution), clusters, assuming that each corresponds to one of the expected motivation factors. Detailed research conception and methodology as well as the results are described in the article.
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Finlay, Katherine. "Angels in the Trenches: British Soldiers and Miracles in the First World War." Studies in Church History 41 (2005): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400000371.
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In their interactions with the soldiers during the First World War the British military chaplains were afforded the opportunity to see the Christian body in microcosm. The chaplains’ frontline experiences shaped their positions on popular religion and the sincerity of Christian belief and practice amongst Britain’s youth. A comparative assessment of clerical responses to soldiers’ claims of the miraculous not only demonstrates a critical divide in clerical understanding of the supernatural – a divide which is more appropriately separated along theological rather than denominational lines. It also indicates that many of the differences between Catholic and Protestant evaluations of popular religion were, fundamentally, differences of clerical perception rather than popular practice and belief.
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Khachatryan, N. G., and A. K. Grigoryan. "THE PREDICTIVE ROLE OF THE HEALTH BELIEFS IN DIFFERENT FORMS OF ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR RELATED TO THE COVID-19." Modern Psychology 5, no. 1(10) (January 17, 2022): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/sbmp/2022.5.1.063.
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Health campaigns and educational programs have recently focused on forming people’s beliefs. Many studies show that beliefs contribute to the development of preventive health behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predetermining role of health beliefs about Covid-19 (i.e., health belief model) for adaptive behaviors related to the pandemic. We focused on preventive, hoarding, and helping behaviors as common reactions toward the pandemic. The study was based upon a sample of 237 participants (64,1% woman, M=29,75; SD=10,693; Range=18-58). Data collection occurred between May and June 2020 through an online survey. The results of the hierarchic regression analysis showed that the preventive behavior was determined by sex, beliefs about the effectiveness of the preventive behavior, perception of barriers, perception of severity and fear of Covid-19. The economic status and beliefs of gaining prevention were significant predictors for hoarding behavior. The sex, fact of being infected, and the fear of Covid-19 predicted the helping behavior. None of the health beliefs was a predictor for this behavior. The results of the study provide an opportunity to understand the role of health beliefs about Covid-19 and other factors in the manifestation of different behaviors.
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Morgan, Jennifer C., Nathan Silver, and Joseph N. Cappella. "How did beliefs and perceptions about e-cigarettes change after national news coverage of the EVALI outbreak?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): e0250908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250908.
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Introduction Exposure to media content can shape public opinions about tobacco. In early September 2019, the outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) became headline news in the United States. Methods In August and September 2019, we conducted two cross-sectional online surveys with current and former smokers assessing attitudes and beliefs about e-cigarettes. Study one (n = 865) was collected before the EVALI outbreak was widely covered and study two (n = 344) was collected after the outbreak had become nation-wide news. We examined differences in perceptions and beliefs between time points. Results E-cigarette harm perceptions increased between study one (mean = 2.67) and study two (mean = 2.90, p < .05). Ever-users of e-cigarettes largely account for this change. Endorsement of the belief that e-cigarettes were risky and more likely to cause lung damage compared to cigarettes increased between studies (p < .05). Seventy eight percent of participants at study two were aware of the vaping illness story. Being aware of the story was associated with more endorsement of the belief that e-cigarettes were risky to use, but not that using e-cigarettes would make the participant more likely to get damaged lungs. Discussion When the stories about the health and safety of tobacco products dominate the public information environment, it presents an opportunity to change beliefs that are frequently targeted by paid health campaigns. Changes in participant’s perceptions of e-cigarettes were associated with coverage of this large news story, underscoring the importance of working to ensure that coverage is a scientifically accurate as possible.
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Fergus, Edward. "“Because I’m Light Skin . . . They Think I’m Italian”." Urban Education 52, no. 4 (September 21, 2016): 460–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085916666931.
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Discussions on Latino/a students’ interpretation of the opportunity structure and schooling treat racial/ethnic identification among Latino/as as static, despite skin color variation. This article provides findings from interviews with six Mexican students who discussed teachers identifying them as “White-looking” or “Hispanic/Mexican-looking.” Both groups shared belief in the achievement ideology and understood the opportunity structure as fraught with barriers. However, the “White-looking” students perceived themselves as being able to permeate such barriers meanwhile the “Hispanic/Mexican-looking” students believed such barriers affect their ability to “make it” regardless of their aspirations. This study raises questions regarding theories on academic variability of Latino/a students.
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Blaydes, Lisa, and Drew A. Linzer. "The Political Economy of Women's Support for Fundamentalist Islam." World Politics 60, no. 4 (July 2008): 576–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.0.0023.
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Why do some Muslim women adopt fundamentalist Islamic value systems that promote gender-based inequalities while others do not? This article considers the economic determinants of fundamentalist beliefs in the Muslim world, as women look to either marriage or employment to achieve financial security. Using cross-national public opinion data from eighteen countries with significant Muslim populations, the authors apply a latent class model to characterize respondents according to their views on gender norms, political Islam, and personal religiosity. Among women, lack of economic opportunity is a stronger predictor of fundamentalist belief systems than socioeconomic class. Cross-nationally, fundamentalism among women is most prevalent in poor countries and in those with a large male-female wage gap. These findings have important implications for the promotion of women's rights, the rise of political Islam, and the development of democracy in the Muslim world.
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Clouser, Roy. "REASON AND BELIEF IN GOD." Philosophia Reformata 68, no. 1 (December 2, 2003): 36–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117-90000274.
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In his article “Fides et Ratio” (Philosophia Reformata 2000, 65: 72-104), Eduardo Echeverria states he is writing out of his concern that since “”¦ the lack of unity among Christians represents the grave obstacle for the proclamation of the gospel, we should take every suitable opportunity to increase the unity of all Christians. The present essay is meant as a contribution toward this goal.” (p.72). The increased unity he has in mind is a reconciliation of the traditional scholastic interpretation of Christian doctrine (which he designates the “TSC”), and the Calvinist tradition (which I will designate the “CT”). More specifically, he seeks a unity between them concerning the relation of faith and reason, that is, the role of reason in belief in God. To this end he compares what he understands of the CT, as represented by Calvin and Dooyeweerd, with the TSC as represented by St Thomas and the encyclical, Fides et Ratio (1998) by Pope John Paul II. In all that follows I will be agreeing with Echeverria that this is, indeed, an important concern and a laudable goal, and I hope that what I offer here in reply to his essay will be taken in that same charitable spirit. So even though I find that Echeverria’s account of the differences between the TSC and the CT is seriously mistaken, I do agree that it would go a long way toward greater cooperation between our two traditions if we could at least agree on what our differences are and work toward resolving them. For that reason I will be more concerned here with clarifying those differences than with arguing for the CT. That does not mean that I will not at times offer brief accounts of why I think the CT is right to differ from the TSC on certain points; it only means that I do not regard the case I will make for these points as anywhere near complete. This brevity is made necessary because I find the misunderstandings of Calvin, and especially of Dooyeweerd, to be so many and so knotted in “Fides et Ratio” as to form a tangled skein that would require more than just one article to unravel. I have also decided that there are so many strands to this skein that for the sake of clarity I will restrict myself to only a few of them. My assumption is that it would be better to make real progress with getting a few key differences in focus, than to end up producing a tangle of my own in an attempt to cover every point raised in Echeverria’s long article. My hope is that the treatment of the points I do cover will be sufficient to indicate how a more thorough untangling would proceed.
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Dunlop, Kate L. A., Henry M. Marshall, Emily Stone, Ashleigh R. Sharman, Rachael H. Dodd, Joel J. Rhee, Sue McCullough, and Nicole M. Rankin. "Motivation is not enough: A qualitative study of lung cancer screening uptake in Australia to inform future implementation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): e0275361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275361.
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Introduction Participation in lung cancer screening (LCS) trials and real-world programs is low, with many people at high-risk for lung cancer opting out of baseline screening after registering interest. We aimed to identify the potential drivers of participation in LCS in the Australian setting, to inform future implementation. Methods Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with individuals at high-risk of lung cancer who were eligible for screening and who had either participated (‘screeners’) or declined to participate (‘decliners’) in the International Lung Screening Trial from two Australian sites. Interview guide development was informed by the Precaution Adoption Process Model. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using the COM-B model of behaviour to explore capability, opportunity and motivation related to screening behaviour. Results Thirty-nine participants were interviewed (25 screeners; 14 decliners). Motivation to participate in screening was high in both groups driven by the lived experience of lung cancer and a belief that screening is valuable, however decliners unlike their screening counterparts reported low self-efficacy. Decliners in our study reported challenges in capability including ability to attend and in knowledge and understanding. Decliners also reported challenges related to physical and social opportunity, in particular location as a barrier and lack of family support to attend screening. Conclusion Our findings suggest that motivation alone may not be sufficient to change behaviour related to screening participation, unless capability and opportunity are also considered. Focusing strategies on barriers related to capability and opportunity such as online/telephone support, mobile screening programs and financial assistance for screeners may better enhance screening participation. Providing funding for clinicians to support individuals in decision-making and belief in self-efficacy may foster motivation. Targeting interventions that connect eligible individuals with the LCS program will be crucial for successful implementation.
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Hussain Samo, Altaf, and Norashidah Hashim. "The Impact of Entrepreneurial Alertness on Entrepreneurial Intentions." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 1, no. 6 (2015): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.16.3001.
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The emergence of opportunity is based on the intentions which are the result of people’s belief and the way of thinking. Entrepreneurial alertness is considered vital for identifying the opportunity which can have an impact on mindset for exploiting the opportunities. The objective of this study was to analyze the connection between opportunity identification and intentions formation through entrepreneurial alertness based on the theory of planned behavior. The data was collected from the 499 final year business students of nine universities from Sindh, Pakistan using cross-sectional survey. The results of this study revealed that entrepreneurial alertness has positive and significant effect on attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial intentions. The findings of this study contributed to the theory of planned behavior by taking entrepreneurial alertness as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. The findings also have implication for increasing the supply of entrepreneurial capital into the society.
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Baker, David B. "Counseling Psychology in Time and Place." Counseling Psychologist 29, no. 3 (May 2001): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000001293005.
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Viewed from the vantage point of history, the career contributions of Naomi Meara, Roger Myers, and Lyle Schmidt remind us of the influence of time and place. Examination of these contextual factors reveals the unique contributions of these pioneers and presents an opportunity to glimpse into the future. Looking forward or looking back, counseling psychologists appear to share a transcendent belief in the power and possibilities of satisfying human relationships.
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Do, Lan Hien. "Religious security in vietnam today." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125805007.
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For a long time, social awareness still asserts that religion with a supernatural belief system will bring people peace and help believers face challenges of life. People who perform religious rituals will create a “mechanism” to fight stress, reduce psychological stress, and even cure illnesses. But another reality exists, religious beliefs can be a factor causing people to behave in the wrong way such as killing innocent people, committing suicide or threatening the right to life, the right to political, social stability, the right to religious freedom of others. Religion can become an opportunity, power to control human security, community security, social security, more extensively national security and ideological maintenance of that nation. Therefore, it is necessary to study the topic of religious security adequately with the extent of its influence. In this article, I will analyze the current situation of religious security in Vietnam by assessing the religious activities.
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Abdel-Fattah, Randa. "Managing belief and speech as incipient violence: ‘I’m giving you the opportunity to say that you aren't’." Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism 14, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2019.1566632.
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