Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Opportunismo'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Opportunismo.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Opportunismo.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Grine, Ghiles. "Méthanogènes : entre commensalisme et opportunisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0623.
Full textAbstract:
Dans la première partie de notre Thèse, nous avons revu la littérature de l’ensemble des espèces méthanogènes retrouvées dans les différents microbiotes de l’homme. Nous avons également fait un point sur les diverses méthodes utilisées en microbiologie clinique pour rechercher et identifier ces microorganismes. Dans une seconde partie de notre thèse, nous avons montré que le tractus digestif humain est colonisé par M. smithii dès le premier jour de la vie posant ainsi la question des sources potentielles d’acquisition de ce méthanogènes. Nous avons détecté et isolé M. smithii et M. oralis dans le colostrum et dans le lait maternel suggérant ainsi une contamination mère-enfant par allaitement. Concernant les prélèvements vaginaux, M. smithii est détecté dans 97 % des prélèvements collectés chez des patientes ayant une vaginose bactérienne. Par la suite, nous avons rapporté la détection de méthanogènes, M. oralis et M. smithii dans le fluide salivaire d'individus ne souffrant d'aucune maladie bucco-dentaire. Dans la troisième partie de notre thèse, nous avons montré pour la première fois que les méthanogènes font partie du microbiote urinaire dans lequel nous avons trouvé M. smithii avec une prévalence de 9 %. Enfin, nous avons optimisé les méthodes de recherche et d’isolement des méthanogènes. Nous avons développé une méthode chimique de production d’H2. L’expertise acquise et les résultats obtenus au cours de cette Thèse, nous invitent à poursuivre des travaux de recherche en microbiologie clinique des méthanogènes, en questionnant plus particulièrement leurs rôles en physiologie et en pathologie buccodentaireIn the first part of our thesis, we reviewed the literature of all the methanogenic species found in the different microbiota of humans. We also reviewed the various methods used in clinical microbiology to research and identify these microorganisms. In a second part of our thesis, we have shown that the human digestive tract is colonized by M. smithii from the first day of life thus posing the question of potential sources of acquisition of this methanogen. We detected and isolated M. smithii and M. oralis in colostrum and breast milk suggesting mother-to-child contamination by breastfeeding. For vaginal specimens, M. smithii is detected in 97% of the samples collected from patients with bacterial vaginosis. Subsequently, we reported the detection of methanogens, M. oralis and M. smithii in the salivary fluid of individuals with no oral disease. In the third part of our thesis, we have shown for the first time that methanogens are part of the urinary microbiota in which we found M. smithii with a prevalence of 9%. Finally, we have optimized the methods of research and isolation of methanogens. We have developed a chemical method for producing H2. The expertise acquired and the results obtained during this thesis, invite us to continue research work in clinical microbiology of methanogens, questioning more particularly their roles in physiology and oral pathology
2
Ngidjima, Loleke Lotshangola Jose. "Etude de la performance de la coopétition par le capital social : le cas des mines artisanales de diamant au Kasai, en République Démocratique du Congo." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0038/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans une économie globalisée actuelle, où l’environnement entrepreneurial est défini comme incertain et turbulent, les entreprises choisissent les stratégies de coopétition pour avoir des avantages et performances. Mais, selon la littérature spécialisée, si les avantages et les performances, sont mis en avant pour justifier la pertinence des stratégies de coopétition, la notion d’opportunisme du partenaire est elle aussi largement investie et identifiée par des recherches comme un frein à la coopétition. C’est de cette façon, qu’on peut constater dans cette littérature, deux thèses différenciées qui caractérisent les analyses sur la coopétition ; une relation entre concurrents, source de performances hors normes et une relation fragile et instable à tout instant, à raison de l’opportunisme présumé du partenaire. L’opportunisme du partenaire s’avère particulièrement problématique en ce qu’il conduirait à limiter les performances et avantages attendus de la coopétition. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’établir un lien entre la performance de la coopétition et le capital social. Partant de l’opportunisme du partenaire, nous avons posé que la performance d’une coopétition est fonction de deux préalables : la réduction de l’opportunisme et l’augmentation de l’engagement des acteurs en relation. Une étude empirique est menée auprès des coopétitions des TPE minières exploitant le diamant au Kasaï, en République Démocratique du Congo. Une méthodologie qualitative permet le recueil des données par entretiens semi-directs, puis l’exploitation des termes des discours en se servant de l’outil lexicometrique, « Iramuteq ». L’objectif est de repérer les éléments déterminés de manière théorique, et qui traduisent soit les enjeux de la coopétition pour les TPE d’un environnement difficile, soit la pertinence du capital social dans la performance de la coopétition. Des liens établis entre la réduction de l’opportunisme, l’augmentation de l’engagement et les avantages tirés de la coopétition avec le capital social, constituent l’apport de cette recherche. Apport qui concerne les connaissances tant en management de la coopétition, que relatives aux TPE de contexte difficile. La variable-clé, « opportunisme » du partenaire, est la source du lien constaté entre la performance de la coopétition et le capital social. La logique suivie se décline en réponse aux interrogations formulées dans la littérature par différents auteurs au sujet de l’opportunsme qui conduit à la fragilité et à l’instabilité de la coopétition. Ce qui nous autorise de formuler un modèle vertueux de la performance de la coopétition par le capital social. A l’issu de notre étude empirique, une discussion sur des implications managériales est menée, aboutissant à une forme spécifique de coopétition mobilisant deux niveaux de réseau et des préconisations sont envisagéesIn today’s global economy, where the entrepreneurial environment is defined as uncertain and turbulent, companies choses coopétition strategies to have advantage and performance. But, according to the specialized literature, if the advantage and the performance are highlighted to justify the relevance of the strategies of coopetition, the notion of opportunism of the partner is also widely invested and identified by research as a brake on coopetition. It is in this way that we can see in this literature two differentiated theses which goods the analyses on coopetition; a relationship between competitors, a source of exceptional performance and a fragile and unstable relationship at all times, on account of the supposed opportunism of the partner. The opportunism of the partner is particularly problematic in that it would lead to limiting the performance and advantages from expected coopetition. The aim of the research is to establish a link between the performance of coopetition and social capital. Based on the opportunism of the partner, we have posited that the performance of a coopetition depends on two prerequisites: the reduction of opportunism and the increase in the commitment of the actors in relationships. Year empirical study is being carried out on the coopetition of very small mining companies of diamond in kasaï in Democratic Republic of Congo. A qualitative methodology allows the collection of data by semi direct interviews and the operation of the terms of speech using the lexicon metric tool “Iramuteq”. The objective is to identify the theoretically determined elements, which reflect either the stakes of coopétition for very small mining companies in a difficult environment or the relevance of social capital in the performance of coopetition. The link between the reduction of opportunism, the increase in commitment and the advantages of coopetition with social capital are the contribution of the research, contribution that concerns the knowledge both in management if coopetition, and relating to the very small mining companies of difficult context. The key variable “opportunism” of the partner is the source of the link between the performance of coopetition and social capital. The logic followed us in response to the questions raised in the literature by different authors about the risk of opportunism that leads to the fragility and instability of coopetition. This allows us to formulate a virtuous model of the performance of coopetition through social capital. At the end of our empirical study, a discussion on managerial implications is conducted; leading to a specific form of coopetition invoicing two levels of network and recommendations are envisaged
3
Kayello, Lima. "Opportunism and cognition in birds." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119422.
Full textAbstract:
Animals vary in their response to the distribution of resources in time and space. Opportunistic foraging is evident in many species and has indirectly been shown to be linked to measures of cognition such as innovation and problem solving. However, in the field of cognitive ecology, the operationalization and empirical use of opportunism is problematic. In chapter 1, I review the concept of opportunism in the zoological literature and propose an operational definition. The review suggests that many definitions of the concept are not useful, in particular those that equate it with generalism or use it to describe random choice in foraging. With the operational definition I propose ('latency to switch to a new, abundant, food source'), the relationship between ecological flexibility and cognition is then addressed through a small-scale comparative study in chapter 2. Here, the purpose is to determine if an opportunistic species will perform better at problem solving, and have lower neophobic tendencies, than a less opportunistic species. The study compares two sister species of Thraupidae with different foraging strategies: the Barbados bullfinch (Loxigilla barbadensis), an opportunistic forager, and the black-faced grassquit (Tiaris bicolor), a conservative forager. In the field, I carried out focal observations along with opportunism and neophobia experiments. In captivity, wild-caught individuals were run through a set of behavioural and cognitive tests, which included a neophobia test and a problem-solving obstacle removal task. Results show that although both species share overlapping foraging modes, territorial habits and neophobic tendencies, the Barbados bullfinch is much more opportunistic, bolder and better at problem-solving than the black-faced grassquit.Les animaux diffèrent dans leurs réponses à la distribution spatiale et temporelle des ressources. Plusieurs espèces manifestent un mode opportuniste de quête alimentaire et des preuves indirectes suggèrent que l'opportunisme est associé à des mesures de cognition telles que l'innovation et la résolution de problèmes. Toutefois, dans le domaine de l'écologie cognitive, la définition et l'opérationalisation de l'opportunisme pose problème. Dans le premier chapitre de ce mémoire, je fais une revue de littérature du concept d'opportunisme et j'en propose une définition opérationelle. La revue suggère que plusieurs acceptions du concept sont peu utiles, en particulier celles qui le confondent avec le concept de 'genéralisme' et celles qui lui donnent le sens de 'capture au hasard' de proies. A partir de la définition opérationelle que je propose ('la latence d'exploitation d'une nouvelle et abondate source de nourriture'), la relation entre l'opportunisme et la cognition est testée au chapitre 2 dans une étude comparative à petite échelle. Je prédis qu'une espèce opportuniste sera plus rapide à résoudre un problème alimentaire et sera moins néophobe qu'une espèce conservatrice. L'étude compare deux espèces génétiquement très proches, le sporophile de la Barbade (Loxigilla barbadensis), une espèce opportuniste, et le sporophile cici (Tiaris bicolor), une espèce conservatrice. J'ai effectué sur le terrain des observations focales et des expériences sur l'opportunsime et la néophobie. En captivité, j'ai soumis des individus piégés sur le terrain à des tests de néophobie et d'enlèvement d'obstacle pour atteindre de la nourriture. Les résultats révèlent que le sporophile de la Barbade est plus opportuniste, moins néophobe et meilleur à résoudre le problème que le sporophile cici, mais que ni sa territorialité ni son mode d'alimentation sur le terrain ne diffèrent suffisamment de celui du sporophile cici pour expliquer les différences de cognition.
4
Talagrand, Emilie. "Diversité, complexité et adaptation au comportement pathogène au sein du genre Aeromonas." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT123/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le genre Aeromonas regroupe des bactéries ubiquitaires vivant essentiellement dans les environnements hydriques. Ces pathogènes opportunistes de l’homme et de nombreux animaux possèdent un large répertoire de facteurs associés à la virulence. Bien que des pathotypes aient été proposés et que certaines espèces semblent plus fréquemment isolées en clinique humaine et vétérinaire, leur pouvoir pathogène demeure mal compris, notamment en raison du faible nombre d’études fonctionnelles et du manque d’investigations tenant compte de la diversité génétique et de la complexité des comportements biologiques du genre Aeromonas.Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que chez un pathogène opportuniste d’origine environnementale aussi polyvalent et ubiquitaire qu’Aeromonas, la structuration en complexes d’espèces avec une remarquable diversité génétique/génomique des populations, le polymorphisme des facteurs de virulence et les interactions au sein de communautés « pathogènes » puissent être des facteurs d’adaptation au comportement pathogène. Afin de vérifier cette hypothèse, nous avons étudié i) la diversification au sein d’un complexe d’espèces, « A. media », utilisé comme modèle au moyen d’une étude de population intégrant la génétique et la phylogénie multilocus, les mécanismes d’évolution, la génomique comparative mais également les données phénotypiques, de modes de vie et d’habitats et, ii) la patho-génomique de facteurs de virulence reconnus (aérolysine, entérotoxines thermostable et thermolabile, exotoxine A, protéase à sérine, composants et effecteurs du système de sécrétion de type III, et flagelline latérale) pour une population représentative de la diversité des espèces actuellement connue dans le genre (30 espèces) et iii) le comportement pathogène in vivo (modèle Caenorhabditis elegans) et in vitro (cytotoxicité et cytoadhésion, production de biofilm, motilité) et la signalisation intercellulaire (quorum-sensing de type I) à l’échelle de populations impliquées dans les aéromonoses mixtes (5% des aéromonoses humaines) définies par l’isolement d’au moins 2 clones distincts d’Aeromonas.Le phénomène de spéciation décrit avec l’exemple du complexe A. media, agrégeant 3 espèces génomiques, démontre qu’Aeromonas possède une structure de population en complexes d’espèces dont la diversité génétique et génomique ainsi que les modes d’évolution (mutations et recombinaisons) révèlent divers potentiels adaptatifs et patho-adaptatifs associés à l’émergence de lignées. Au sein du complexe A. media, l’espèce A. rivipollensis semble plus adaptée à un mode de vie associé à des hôtes et possède des gènes spécifiques de résistance à des stress environnementaux. Aeromonas possède de nombreux facteurs de virulence présentant diverses histoires évolutives. Certains montrent une phylogénie dépendante de l’évolution du core-génome, suggérant l’implication de ces gènes dans des processus de spéciation en relation avec l’adaptation à diverses niches. L’étude des performances de PCRs de virulence a révélé des insuffisances majeures dans la sensibilité des méthodes évaluées principalement liées au polymorphisme génétique des facteurs de virulence. Nous avons également montré que des populations mixtes d’Aeromonas isolées d’échantillons cliniques pouvaient modifier le déroulement de l’infection en modèles in vivo et in vitro probablement par mécanisme de coopération ou de compétition avec mise en jeu de signaux de communication cellule-cellule.L’importante complexité d’Aeromonas retrouvée à travers la structure de population, le polymorphisme des facteurs de virulence et les comportements de multicellularité sont autant de facteurs potentiels d’adaptation au comportement infectieux qui permettent d’expliquer au moins en partie les difficultés rencontrées dans l’élucidation de pouvoir pathogène de ces bactériesAeromonas groups ubiquitous bacteria mainly living in aquatic environments. These opportunistic pathogens for human and numerous animals have a large repertoire of virulence-associated factors. Although pathotypes were proposed and despite some species are more frequently isolated in human and animal infections, their pathogenicity is still poorly understood, mostly because very few comprehensive functional studies are available and because investigations taking into account the genetic diversity and the biological complexity within the genus are lacking.We assumed that for an opportunistic bacterial pathogen of environmental origin as versatile and ubiquitous as Aeromonas, the population structure in complex of species, the outstanding genetic/genomic diversity, the polymorphism of virulence factors and the interactions within pathogenic populations can act as factors driving the adaptation to a pathogenic behaviour. To test this hypothesis, we studied i) the diversification within “A. media”, a complex of species used as a model by a population study that included multilocus genetics, phylogenetics, evolutionary features, comparative genomics, as well as phenotypics, lifestyle and habitat ii) the patho-genomics of well-known virulence factors in aeromonads (aerolysin, thermolabile and thermostable enterotoxins, exotoxin A, serine protease, components and effectors of type III secretion system, and lateral flagellin) in a population that is representative of the known taxonomic diversity in the genus (30 species) and iii) the pathogenic behaviour using an in vivo model (Caenorhabditis elegans), an in vitro model (cytotoxicity, cytoadhesion, biofilm production, motility), and intercellular signals production (type I quorum-sensing) for populations involved in mixed aeromonosis, i.e. 5% of human aeromonosis defined by the isolation of at least 2 distinct clones.The phenomenon of speciation described in the complex “A. media” that aggregates 3 genomic species demonstrates that Aeromonas harbours a population structured in complexes of closely related species whose genetic and genomic diversity, as well as evolution mode (mutations and recombinations) reveal a wide adaptative and patho-adaptative potential linked to lineage emergence. Among the complex “A. media”, the species A. rivipollensis seems to be more adapted to a host-associated lifestyle and harbours specific genes for the resistance to environmental stress. Aeromonas has a wide range of virulence-associated genes, which presented diverse evolutive history. Some of them display a phylogeny linked to the core-genome evolution. These results suggest that these genes are involved in speciation processes probably related to niches adaptation. The evaluation of performances of virulence PCRs revealed major lacks of sensitivity of tested methods mainly due to the genetic polymorphism of the virulence factors. By using in vivo models and in vitro models, we also showed that Aeromonas mixed populations recovered from clinical samples could change the course of infection, likely through a cooperative or competitive mechanism that involves cell-to-cell signalling.The high complexity of Aeromonas results from its population structure, virulence factors polymorphism and multicellular behaviours. They are all putative adaptation factors to a pathogenic behaviour that may explain at least partially the difficulties encountered to elucidate pathogenicity of these bacteria
5
Antelo, Muñiz Fátima. "Managerial opportunism, US conveyancing and blockchain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668333.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is structured in three chapters. In chapter 1, I address managerial opportunism towards
workers. I present a theoretical model and test it. Results suggest that outside opportunities are
key to hinder or stimulate managerial opportunism towards the workforce. In chapter 2, I study
price-setting practices in the US title insurance industry. I test both the presence of a bilateral
monopoly, insurers and lawyers, and the increase in the title insurers' market concentration
levels. Results suggest that the increased concentration led to an increase in prices. In chapter
3, I explore the application of blockchain technology to land property institutions. I develop an
analytical framework acknowledging the customizable nature of blockchain and discuss diverse
initiatives currently being developed in several countries. I conclude blockchain is bringing sorne
changes but it has not been disruptive to existing systems.Esta tesis está estructurada en tres capítulos. En el capítulo 1, abordo el oportunismo gerencial hacia los trabajadores. Presento un modelo teórico y lo testeo. Los resultados sugieren que las oportunidades externas son clave para prevenir o estimular el oportunismo gerencial hacia los trabajadores. En el capítulo 2, esdudio las prácticas de establecimiento de precio en la industria de seguro de título de EEUU. Testeo tanto la presencia de un monopolio bilateral, aseguradoras y abogados, como el incremento de los niveles de concentración en el mercado de las aseguradoras de títulos. Los resultados sugieren que el incremento de la concentración ha conllevado un incremento de los precios. En el capítulo 3, exploro la aplicación de la tecnología blockchain a las instituciones de título. Desarrollo un marco análitico en base a la naturaleza configurable del blockchain y discuto diversas iniciativas actualmente en desarrollo en varios países. Concluyo que blockchain está trayendo algunos cambios a los sistemas existentes pero no de forma disruptiva.
6
El, Harrak Ahmed. "Tanger : opportunisme socio-culturel et puzzle urbain." Bordeaux 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR30016.
Full textAbstract:
L absence d une strategie coherente du developpement socioeconomique en milieu rural s ajoute a la secheresse et aux mauvaises recoltes pour accentuer le depeuplement de la campagne vers un espace "convenable" qui est tanger. La morphologie socio-urbaine de tanger montre l expulsion des demunis a la peripherie de la ville. La differenciation sociale de l espace n est pas un fait du hasard mais l expression des facteurs ideologiques, politiques, economiques et sociologiques. La segregation urbaine est le resultat de la division du travail et de la repartition geographique des classes sociales. La crise socio-urbaine a tanger est multiple, elle touche aussi l identite culturelle et les structures de la societe oscillant entre la tradition et la modernite. Rester dans la confusion de cette dualite c est aggraver la crise de l identite culturelle et retarder le progres socio-economique, notamment l emancipation de la femmeThe absence of any coherent strategy for the socio-economic rural environment was added to the drought and bad corps, to increase the depopulation of the country towards a more convenient space, the town of tangier. The socio-urban morphology of tangier shows the poor are expelled towards the suburbs. The social differentiation of space is not lefts to chance, but is the expression of geographical, political factors. Urban segregation is the result of the division of labour and the geographical repartition of social classes. The socio-urban crisis in tangier has many faces, it is also concemed with the society structures, wavening between tradition and modernity to remain in this confusion is to increase the identity crisis and to slow down socio-economic progress, mainly woman's emancipation
7
Vorwerk, Michael Conrad. "A mathematical study of mimicry and opportunism." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28944.
Full text
8
Timmermans, Sarah. "Opportunism and the neostriatalhyperstriatum complex in birds." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30757.
Full textAbstract:
This research seeks to pinpoint the telencephalic structures most closely correlated with feeding flexibility, which is operationalised as feeding innovation rate per taxon. By calculating a weighted average per taxon of 1030 feeding innovations collated from five zones of the world (western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand and India), the study shows that relative size of the hyperstriatum ventrale and, to a lesser extent, the neostriatum , best predicts weighted innovation rate; these two structures are thought to be functionally equivalent to the mammalian neocortex. The worst telencephalic predictors of innovation rate are two structures respectively thought to be involved in primary visual projection and the control of stereotyped, species-specific behaviour, the wulst area and the paleostriatum.A second presumed correlate of behavioural flexibility, taxonomic variation in the use of urbanised and other anthropogenically-modified habitats, shows a consistent pattern in four geographical zones (Great Britain, North America, Australia and New Guinea), as well as a qualitative association with the relative size of the forebrain. There is no linear correlation, however, between urbanisation rate per taxon and either forebrain size or innovation rate, suggesting that other variables like diet, tameness and neophilia may have to be quantified at finer taxonomic levels in future studies of opportunism in habitat use.
9
Williams, Laura (Laura Lynne). "Infrastructural opportunism inhabiting the Los Angeles hinterland." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106426.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 164-165).
Los Angeles is a vast, dense, and notorious city that overshadows the individualities of its outlying territories. California is likewise divided between urban center and middle land, with inland acting as producer and collector, and coast as consumer. However, there is the potential in this middle zone, stuck between the urban and rural, to re-imagine the way that cities develop and function based on infrastructural opportunities. North of Los Angeles over the San Gabriel mountains, Palmdale, Victorville, and Bakersfield operate together as the production and logistics staging grounds for Los Angeles, a collective back of house to the largest city on the west coast. Of these, Palmdale is used as the testing ground for infrastructural opportunism and edge expansion; but while Palmdale acts as producer, staging ground, and dormitory for Los Angeles, it will not be defined by this adjacency. Instead, Palmdale and its neighbors are re-imagined as a collective of edge cities that signify a new region both in service of and independent from Los Angeles: The High Desert Triangle. To address the edge region, this thesis proposes a new typology for expansion that identifies infrastructural overlaps between road, rail, and water as opportunities to link across fragmented city fabric. This method of aggregation and stitching operates at an urban scale within Palmdale, a territorial scale between cities, and site-specifically in bridging the scalar gap between humans and logistics. By operating opportunistically with infrastructure, this thesis proposes that 1] concentrating infrastructure and logistics development at multi-modal intersections reduces redundancy and de-fragments city fabric, 2] demographic segmentation can be altered by mixing communities and improving access to transit both locally and regionally, and 3] the cost efficiency of bundling infrastructures allows for iteration and experimentation at the architectural scale to address changing programmatic and demographic needs. The aim of this thesis is not to imitate existing city fabric, but instead to design the typological tools for urban edge development and re-imagine how essential logistics spaces can be integrated with living spaces. It does not propose to segment, buffer, or zone out the overlaps between logistics and people, but rather seeks out those intersections as infrastructural opportunities with inherent value.
by Laura Williams.
S.M.
10
Ali, Awos K. "Previous hop routing : exploiting opportunism in VANETs." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27991.
Full textAbstract:
Routing in highly dynamic wireless networks such as Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is a challenging task due to frequent topology changes. Sustaining a transmission path between peers in such network environment is difficult. In this thesis, Previous Hop Routing (PHR) is poposed; an opportunistic forwarding protocol exploiting previous hop information and distance to destination to make the forwarding decision on a packet-by-packet basis. It is intended for use in highly dynamic network where the life time of a hop-by-hop path between source and destination nodes is short. Exploiting the broadcast nature of wireless communication avoids the need to copy packets, and enables redundant paths to be formed. To save network resources, especially under high network loads, PHR employs probabilistic forwarding. The forwarding probability is calculated based on the perceived network load as measured by the arrival rate at the network interface. We evaluate PHR in an urban VANET environment using NS2 (for network traffic) and SUMO (for vehicular movement) simulators, with scenarios configured to re ect real-world conditions. The simulation scenarios are configured to use two velocity profiles i.e. Low and high velocity. The results show that the PHR networks able to achieve best performance as measured by Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Drop Burst Length (DBL) compared to conventional routing protocols in high velocity scenarios.
11
Yun, Sungho. "Essays on information management and supervisory opportunism /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7474.
Full text
12
Timmermans, Sarah. "Opportunism and the neostriatal/hyperstriatum complex in birds." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0035/MQ64468.pdf.
Full text
13
Hawkins, Timothy Glenn Pohlen Terrance Lynn. "Explaining buyer opportunism in business-to-business relationships." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3664.
Full text
14
Morrison, Alan D. "Reputation, opportunism and crowd behaviour in debt markets." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365578.
Full text
15
Jindra, Jan. "Seasoned equity offerings, managerial opportunism, and insider trading." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1265717203.
Full text
16
Hawkins, Timothy Glenn. "Explaining Buyer Opportunism in Business-to-Business Relationships." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3664/.
Full textAbstract:
The interaction among firms in the supply chain is necessary for business process execution and relationship success. One phenomenon of great significance to buyer-supplier relationships is opportunism. Opportunism is defined as behavior that is self-interest seeking with guile. It is manifested in behaviors such as stealing, cheating, dishonesty, and withholding information. Opportunism negatively impacts relational exchange tenets such as trust, commitment, cooperation, and satisfaction. Furthermore, perceptions of opportunism negatively affect firm performance. In lieu of the known negative effects of opportunistic behavior on buyer-supplier relationships, why do agents continue to engage in opportunistic tactics with their exchange partners? A comprehensive examination is necessary in order to understand why sourcing professionals engage in acts of opportunism. Understanding why opportunism occurs will reveal how to deter it, and this remains a gap in the literature. Based on theories in economics, marketing channels, supply chain management, decision science, and psychology, a comprehensive model tested a set of factors hypothesized to drive the use of opportunistic tactics. Factors include buyer-supplier relationship-specific factors, environmental factors, individual personality-related factors, and situational factors. Data was collected via internet survey of sourcing professionals from private industry and government agencies. Common to many studies of ethics, respondents made choices based on two hypothetical vignettes. Two logistic regression models were used to test the hypotheses. Factors found to affect buyer opportunism included buyer power, corporate ethical values, pressure to perform, leadership opportunism, business sector, honesty/integrity, and subjective expected utility. This research contributes to theory by combining several disparate theories to best explain opportunism. A comprehensive evaluation should determine which theory explains the most variance in decision making. The study contributes to practice by identifying those important factors contributing to a sourcing professional's decision to use opportunistic tactics. The ability to manage these factors should improve the probability of relationship success. Additionally, the identification of these factors should help leaders to make more accurate estimates of transaction costs - key knowledge required to make an informed make or buy governance decision.
17
Jindra, Jan. "Seasoned equity offerings, managerial opportunism, and insider trading /." Connect to resource, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1265717203.
Full text
18
Hsieh, Chialing. "CEO Equity-Based Incentives And Managerial Opportunism Behavior." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1878999051&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2009."Department of Business Administration." Keywords: CEO compensation, CEO stock option awards, Layoff, Managerial opportunism. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-71). Also available online.
19
Ishida, Chiharu. "Bad Apples, Bad Barrels, and the Structure of Marketing Channel Relationships: Analyses of the Propensity for Opportunism and Opportunistic Behaviors." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27595.
Full textAbstract:
The theoretical frameworks of transaction cost economics and agency theory are widely used to design appropriate governance structure for constraining opportunism within marketing channels. These approaches generally assume that marketing channel managers are opportunistic, and only economic constraints deter opportunism in exchange relationships. However, some empirical studies have shown that managers do not always behave opportunistically even if conditions permit such behavior. In addition, some researchers have proposed a â cycle of self-fulfilling prophecyâ and have argued that the uncritical assumption of opportunism and excessive use of control mechanisms such as monitoring only exacerbates the problem. Thus, it is important to identify conditions in which opportunism likely occurs.
The present research argues that marketing channel managers exhibit differing propensities for opportunism (PFO), and it spans three levels of analysis to identify contributing factors. The individual-level analysis treats marketing channel managers as a heterogeneous population and investigates the impact of individual traits on their behaviors in business relationships. At the dyadic level, I modify standard microeconomics models to incorporate norms of fairness. Finally, the extra-dyadic level of analysis goes beyond the traditional dyadic focus to include network-wide social influence on a relationship. Using the data collected from 162 unit franchieees. the hypotheses were tested using structural path analyses.
The findings of this dissertation provide guidance on the extent to which costly and potentially damaging control mechanisms are really necessary in a given marketing channel relationship. Overall, the research contributes to the existing literature by re-examining a fundamental behavioral assumption about marketing channel managers and providing an alternative framework that can meaningfully inform us as to when and why opportunism occurs.Ph. D.
20
Benkhoff, Birgit, and Martin Reuter. "Opportunismus und Informationsverhalten in virtuellen Unternehmen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-155647.
Full textAbstract:
Virtuelle Unternehmen, definiert als temporäre Zusammenschlüsse rechtlich unabhängiger Organisationen zum Zwecke der Auftragsabwicklung, gelten als eine theoretisch höchst effiziente Organisationsform. Sie sind aber dafür bekannt, dass sie leicht zerbrechen, und werden von den Teilnehmern als schwer zu managen empfunden. Von daher finden sie nicht die weite Verbreitung, wie es in den Augen von Wirtschaftspolitikern ökonomisch wünschenswert wäre. Ein Grund liegt darin, dass die einzelnen Partner des Netzwerkes nur vorübergehend zu Projektzwecken als einheitliche Organisation auftreten und parallel dazu weiterhin ihre einzelbetrieblichen Interessen verfolgen. Dabei können die Belange des gemeinsamen Ziels leiden.
21
Benkhoff, Birgit, and Martin Reuter. "Opportunismus und Informationsverhalten in virtuellen Unternehmen." Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28394.
Full textAbstract:
Virtuelle Unternehmen, definiert als temporäre Zusammenschlüsse rechtlich unabhängiger Organisationen zum Zwecke der Auftragsabwicklung, gelten als eine theoretisch höchst effiziente Organisationsform. Sie sind aber dafür bekannt, dass sie leicht zerbrechen, und werden von den Teilnehmern als schwer zu managen empfunden. Von daher finden sie nicht die weite Verbreitung, wie es in den Augen von Wirtschaftspolitikern ökonomisch wünschenswert wäre. Ein Grund liegt darin, dass die einzelnen Partner des Netzwerkes nur vorübergehend zu Projektzwecken als einheitliche Organisation auftreten und parallel dazu weiterhin ihre einzelbetrieblichen Interessen verfolgen. Dabei können die Belange des gemeinsamen Ziels leiden.
22
Simina, Marin. "Enterprise-directed reasoning : opportunism and deliberation in creative reasoning." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9149.
Full text
23
Papazian, Pegor H. (Pegor Hratch). "Principles, opportunism and seeing in design : a computational approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69534.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture; and, (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1991.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-103).
This thesis introduces elements of a theory of design activity and a computational framework for developing design systems. The theory stresses the opportunistic nature of designing and the complementary roles of focus and distraction, the interdependence of evaluation and generation, the multiplicity of ways of seeing over the history of a design session versus the exclusivity of a given way of seeing over an arbitrarily short period, and the incommensurability of criteria used to evaluate a design. The thesis argues for a principle based rather than rule based approach to designing design systems, and highlights the manifest nature of design documents. The Discursive Generator is presented as a computational framework for implementing specific design systems, and a simple system for arranging blocks according to a set of formal principles is developed by way of illustration. Both shape grammars and constraint based systems are used to contrast current trends in design automation with the discursive approach advocated in the thesis. The Discursive Generator is shown to have some important properties lacking in other types of system, such as dynamism, robustness and the ability to deal with partial designs. When studied in terms of a search metaphor, the Discursive Generator is shown to exhibit behavior which is radically different from some traditional search techniques, and to avoid some of the well-known difficulties associated with them.
by Pegor H. Papazian.
M.S.
24
Pillé, Ariane. "Amyloïdes fonctionnelles du pathogène opportuniste Aspergillus fumigatus." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066696/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les hydrophobines sont des protéines fongiques caractérisées par leurs propriétés amphipathiques et un motif de quatre ponts disulfures. Leur forme soluble s’auto-assemble aux interfaces hydrophobe/hydrophile pour former une couche amphipatique. Ces protéines sont utilisées par les champignons pour franchir la barrière air/eau, former des hyphes aériennes ou recouvrir les spores les rendant hydrophobes, ce qui facilite leur dispersion dans l’air. L’hydrophobine RodA du pathogène opportuniste Aspergillus fumigatus forme une couche de fibres amyloïdes avec une morphologie en bâtonnets qui recouvre la surface des spores ce qui les rend inertes vis-à-vis du système immunitaire. Nous aspirons à décrire l’auto-association de RodA en bâtonnets, caractériser la structure des fibres et établir les potentiels liens entre structure et inertie immunologique. La protéine recombinante RodA exprimée chez E. coli peut être correctement repliée in vitro et s’auto-associe sous forme de fibres amyloïdes. Comme première étape, la structure et la dynamique de RodA ont été étudiées par RMN en solution. Par rapport aux autres hydrophobines, RodA présente de nouveaux éléments structuraux ainsi que d’autres conservés. Grâce à une étude de mutagénèse, des régions importantes dans la formation des fibres ont été identifiées, certaines impliquées dans le cœur des fibres et d’autres dans les interactions latérales des bâtonnets. Les relations entre la structure et les propriétés immunologiques ont également été établies. L’étude d’autres hydrophobines d’A. fumigatus, probablement impliquées dans la formation du biofilm ou importantes pour la conidiation et la survie des spores, a été initiée.dC), a été initiéeHydrophobins are fungal proteins characterised by their amphipatic properties and a pattern of four disulfide bridges. Their soluble form self-assembles at hydrophobic/hydrophilic interfaces to form an amphipatic layer. These proteins are used by fungi to breach the air/water barrier, to form aerial hyphae, or to cover spores rendering them hydrophobic, thus facilitating spore dispersal. The RodA hydrophobin of the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus forms an amyloid monolayer with a rodlet morphology that covers the surface of spores rendering them inert relative to the immune system. We aim at describing the self-association of RodA into rodlets, characterising the structure of the amyloid rodlets and shedding light on the possible relationships between structure and immunological inertness. Recombinant RodA expressed in Escherichia coli can be successfully refolded in vitro and it can auto-associate into amyloid rodlets. As a first step, we have studied the structure and dynamics of RodA by solution NMR and shown that the protein displays new as well as conserved structural features relative to other hydrophobins. A mutational analysis has highlighted important residues for rodlet formation that may be involved on the one hand in the spine of the amyloid fibres and on the other hand on the lateral association of the rodlets to form a monolayer. We have also established the relationship between structure and immunological inertness. We have initiated the study of other hydrophobins from A. fumigatus, that are most likely involved in biofilm formation or in conidiation and spore survival
25
Esnault, Armel. "Systèmes pair-à-pair pour l’informatique opportuniste." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS432/document.
Full textAbstract:
La multiplication du nombre d'objets, qui ont vocation à être connectés à Internet (e.g., smartphones, capteurs), et la croissance des échanges de données effectués par des individus en situation de mobilité ont conduit, et conduiront encore, à une augmentation significative du trafic de données dans les réseaux, et en particulier dans les réseaux cellulaires. Les récents progrès réalisés au niveau de la couche physique pour accroître les débits dans ces réseaux pourraient s'avérer insuffisants dans le futur avec l'émergence d'un Internet des objets. Il nous semble dès lors intéressant d'étudier des architectures réseau alternatives ou complémentaires. Les réseaux hybrides à connectivité intermittente (RHCI), qui sont constitués d'une infrastructure et de parties formées par des objets fixes ou mobiles communiquant en mode ad hoc, font partie de ces architectures qui méritent d'être étudiées. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les bénéfices que pourrait apporter l'utilisation des techniques des réseaux pair-à-pair et des communications opportunistes dans les RHCI. Nous proposons une architecture pair-à-pair décentralisée et non structurée qui permet d'assurer les communications entre des objets dans des RHCI de grande taille via différents modes de communication. Un prototype de plateforme, baptisé Nephila a été développé, pour évaluer cette approche en simulationThe number of devices that are likely to get connected to the Internet (e.g., smartphones, sensors), and the amount of data produced by people using these devices grow continuously, especially in cellular networks. Latest developments performed on the physical layer to increase the networks' bandwidth might be insufficient in the future, because of the emergence of the Internet of things. Therefore, it seems to be interesting to study new or complementary network architectures. Intermittently-Connected Hybrid Networks (ICHN), which are composed both of an infrastructure part and of parts formed by mobile device communicating using ad hoc mode, are examples of those architectures that deserve to be studied. In this thesis, we study benefits that peer-to-peer mechanisms and opportunistic networking techniques could bring to ICHN. We propose a decentralized unstructured peer-to-peer overlay architecture that supports communications between devices in wide ICHNs. A prototype named Nephila has been developed to evaluate this approach in simulation
26
Alvarez, Ana Catarina Silva Dias. "Electoral opportunism and fiscal policy before and after the EMU." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11835.
Full textAbstract:
A Masters Thesis, presented as part of the requirements for the award of a Research Masters Degree in Economics from NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThe adoption of a common currency in Europe, under the supervision of an independent European Central Bank, is likely to have had consequences on both the conduct of fiscal policy and the incentives to exploit political business cycles in each country. This work proposes a framework to analyze the in.uence of Central Bank Independence (CBI) on opportunistic political budget cycles before and after Economic and Monetary Union. We first focus on the situation before the EMU and present a model of opportunistic budget cycles in the presence of a central bank with a given level of independence. Secondly, we extend the model to the situation of the EMU to understand whether small countries take advantage of the fact that the one central bank setting monetary policy may under react to their own actions, ofering policy-makers leeway to conduct opportunistic expansionary fiscal policies before elections. In a monetary union with a common central bank and opportunistic policy-makers the trade-of is between the degree of independence of the central bank and its inattentiveness to the smaller economies that are members of the monetary union. We present some empirical evidence that gives some supports to the main findings of the model by analyzing evidence from twelve countries of EMU over the period 1980-2012.
27
Lee, Seung-Cheol. "Opportunism, vertical integration, and exclusive dealing contracts in cooperative organizations." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1278528327.
Full text
28
Lee, Seung-Cheol. "Opportunism, vertical integration, and exclusive dealing contracts in cooperative organization /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487672245900204.
Full text
29
Aminian, Elika. "A study of inter-firm opportunism in the construction industry." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-interfirm-opportunism-in-the-construction-industry(4b6e833a-c385-4758-85c9-5b7e97502dfa).html.
Full textAbstract:
The construction industry has been identified with fragmentation, adversarial relationships, opportunism, and high rates of disputes. Therefore, there has been a call for the improvement of inter-firm relations in the sector through more appropriate governance strategies. This study drew upon transaction cost economics theory and new economic sociology in relation to the problem of inter-firm opportunism in economic relations. The study argues that depending on how patterns of inter-firm opportunism are viewed, different governance strategies may be formulated. Through a critical review of the prior publications concerning the problem of opportunism in the sector, the study argues that the construction management literature used theoretical works at both normative and explanatory levels. However, little is known about the construct of inter-firm opportunism itself and how it materialises within the construction industry. Therefore, this study aimed to provide insights into how practitioners in the construction industry conceptualise inter-firm opportunism and its patterns. Such insights extend the knowledge of how they approach governance strategies, and generally why they do what they do. To build a conceptual framework of inter-firm opportunism in the construction industry, this study was guided by a constructivist grounded theory. Rich qualitative data were constructed through 20 semi-structured interviews with practitioners involved in the construction industry who were working in the UK in either construction law firms, construction companies, construction development companies, or construction consultancy firms. The qualitative data were analysed following the Charmaz (2003 and 2006) guideline. In relation to the construct of inter-firm opportunism, the findings of the study indicate that there are considerable variations between the constructs of inter-firm opportunism. However, regardless of these variations, a win-lose relationship feeling is central to practitioners’ construct of inter-firm opportunism. The study argues that in response to the risk of inter-firm opportunism through setting up contractual governance, parties usually conduct a casual cost-benefit trade-off. In relation to the patterns of inter-firm opportunism from the points of view of the practitioners in the sector, the study provides a conceptual framework grounded in the data. This framework places emphasis on the dynamics of different types of power constructed between the client and its first tier suppliers in the pre- and post- contract stages. This framework is the study’s contribution to the body of knowledge concerned with the inter-firm relations in the construction industry.
30
WU, Lanjun. "Goal interdependencies and opportunism for supply chain partnership in China." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2008. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/mgt_etd/4.
Full textAbstract:
The possibility of opportunistic behavior is an important barrier to the collaboration between partners in the supply chain as partners pursue their self-interests with guile. Opportunistic behavior threatens the partners’ relationships, influences their work accomplishment and prevents future collaboration. This study hypothesizes that opportunism is not just the result of people’s self-interests pursuit but depends on how they think their self-interests are related. Opportunism in organizational partnerships could be understood in terms of how partners perceive their goals are related to each other. When partners believe that their goals are competitively or dependently rather than cooperatively related, they are more likely to pursue their self-interests opportunistically.
Altogether 86 face-to-face interviews were carried out in Beijing, Nanchang and Guangzhou, China to explore the links and relations among goal interdependencies, opportunism and the outcomes. Participants who work in a supply chain partnership were asked to describe an incident regarding their collaboration with their partners. It included the people involved, the reasons, what occurred, and the consequences. Structural equation modeling explored the proposed model that goal interdependencies could affect the levels of opportunism and thus influence the partnerships. Results suggest that cooperative goals are important foundations for effective organizational partnerships.
31
Dunat, Jean-Christophe. "Allocation opportuniste de spectre pour les radios cognitives." Phd thesis, Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40978484c.
Full text
32
Jaeck, Louis. "La dynamique du réglementation environnementale : bienveillance ou opportunisme du décideur public." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32048.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le champ de l’analyse économique des choix publics appliquée aux décisions de politiques environnementales. Elle cherche à expliquer l’écart entre les recommandations des économistes en matière de réglementation environnementale et la réalité des politiques mises en œuvre. Elle s’inscrit dans une démarche positive et discute dans une première partie le réalisme de l’hypothèse de bienveillance du décideur public dans les théories de la réglementation. Elle s’appuie sur les développements de l’Economie Politique Autrichienne fondés sur l’hypothèse d’apprentissage politique ainsi que sur les résultats empiriques des travaux de l’école des choix publics. Dans une seconde partie, elle s’inscrit dans la démarche méthodologique de l’école des choix public fondée sur l’hypothèse d’opportunisme et recherche les déterminants de la dynamique de la réglementation environnementale. Elle s’inscrit dans la littérature de la recherche de rente et développe un modèle de la dynamique de la réglementation fondée sur l’influence des biais cognitifs. Ce modèle permet de déterminer les conditions des cycles des instruments de réglementation environnementale. Cette grille analytique permet de rendre compte et de prédire l’évolution des politiques environnementales dont les enjeux sont entourés de controverses scientifiques, telles que les politiques climatiquesThis thesis contributes to the political economy literature on environmental policy. It seeks to explain the divergence between economist’s prescription on one hand and policy implementation on the other hand. In the first part, it looks at the theories of regulation and discusses the realism of the benevolence assumption of public decision maker. It refers to the development of Austrian Political Economy based on the principle of policy learning and on the empirical evidences of public choice theorists that relates to the determinants of environmental regulation. In the second part, it uses the Public Choice methodology based on opportunistic policymaker and investigates from a theoretical point of view the determinants of the dynamic of environmental regulation. It refers to rent seeking theory and develop a model of a dynamic of regulation that is based on the influence of cognitive bias on public policies. Such a model enables us to determine the conditions of cycles in environmental regulation. It enhances to understand and predict environmental policies that are surrounded on scientific controversies, such as climate policies
33
Walters, Cory G. "Producer opportunism and environmental impacts of crop insurance and fertilizer decisions." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/C_Walters_090808.pdf.
Full text
34
Yusuf, Tajudeen Olalekan. "Insurance Intermediaries and the Control of Opportunism in the Insurance Market." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523220.
Full text
35
Angubolkul, Garun. "Antecedents and performance consequences of opportunism in international buyer-seller relationships." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659023.
Full textAbstract:
Under the current competitive market environment, buyers and sellers strive to develop and maintain close business relationships to achieve greater competitive advantages. However, this relationship arrangement often fails at a very high rate due to the existence of opportunism. Research scholars have empirically investigated this issue. Yet, to date, opportunism has not been studied explicitly. Empirical attentions have been devoted to define sets of governance mechanisms that deter opportunism rather than trying to understand what the root causes are. Moreover, the causes and effects of this phenomenon have not been systematically integrated. Previous empirical studies also produced inconsistent results. In addition, there is relatively limited empirical attention given to studying this issue from an international exchange context, especially in utilising information obtained from both sides of the exporter-importer relationships. In response to these literature gaps, the present study focuses on exploring the drivers and outcomes of opportunism in international buyer-seller relationships . Drawing on the transaction costs analysis theory and a key aspect of the international theory, a comprehensive conceptual model integrating antecedents and consequences of opportunism in export-import relationships is proposed. A set of research hypotheses that illustrates the link between drivers, opportunism and outcomes is formulated. The hypotheses are tested by using data from mail surveys of Thai exporting manufacturers and their UK importing distributors. The data are analysed through structural equation modelling. The results suggest that psychic distance and performance ambiguity have a positive effect on opportunism, whereas transaction-specific investments have a negative effect. Moreover, opportunism significantly increases transaction costs and therefore reduces the performance of the relationship. However, there is no significant link found between environmental uncertainty and opportunism. The research findings are discussed in accordance with the results from previous empirical studies. The theoretical, managerial and public policy implications are also presented, along with the limitations and possible fruitful avenues for future research.
36
Khawam, Kinda. "Ordonnancement opportuniste dans les réseaux mobiles de nouvelle génération." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002059.
Full textAbstract:
L'Internet a connu un essor remarquable ces dernières années. Cet essor n'a pas été restreint aux réseaux fixes mais a gagné récemment les réseaux mobiles. Les réseaux sans fil, initialement conçus pour véhiculer exclusivement des services voix, s'adaptent progressivement à ces changements pour transporter des services data. Avec un besoin grandissant pour accéder à ces nouveaux services, proposer des méthodes performantes pour gérer la ressource radio et fournir des garanties de performances aux services data mobiles est désormais d'une importance capitale. L'ordonnancement est l'un des mécanisme clé visant à augmenter l'efficacité du spectre mobile tout en faisant face aux caractéristiques uniques du canal mobile et à une demande croissante pour un accès haut débit à l'Internet mobile. Notre travail s'est concentré sur les politiques d'ordonnancement dites opportunistes qui, utilisant l'information relative à l'état du canal, donnent une sorte de priorité aux utilisateurs ayant un bon état de canal dans le but d'optimiser l'allocation des ressources. Diverses politiques d'ordonnancement opportunistes sont proposées dans le cadre de cette thèse pour les services data des réseaux mobiles de nouvelle génération. Elles sont conçues pour mettre à profit les variations du canal dans le but d'augmenter la capacité globale du système tout en satisfaisant différents critères en terme de qualité de service.
37
Kang, GuoDong. "Géolocalisation en intérieur opportuniste à base d'inégalités matricielles linéaires." Toulouse, ISAE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESAE0016.
Full textAbstract:
Les services de localisation de personnes et de matériels sont de plus en plus demandés. En environnement extérieur, les outils GPS offrent une réponse à cette demande croissante, avec une précision de l'ordre du mètre en espace dégagé. En intérieur, il n'existe pas d'outil aussi performant. Les solutions commerciales sont coûteuses en équipement. Les propositions de recherche, quant à elles, font appel soit à du matériel coûteux soit à une infrastructure lourde. Enfin, le succès actuel des téléphones mobiles “intelligents” auprès du grand public d'une part, et l'émergence des réseaux de capteurs dans le monde académique nous amènent à étudier des solutions viables y compris pour des mobiles ne disposant que de la réception de signaux radio. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une mécanisme de localisation en intérieur à la fois peu coûteux, sans recours à des équipements dédiés du type UWB ni à des infrastructures supplémentaires, tout en offrant une précision de l'ordre du mètre. Pour cela, nous faisons l'hypothèse que l'utilisateur désirant se localiser est environné de pairs sachant estimer leur position, éventuellement de façon grossière, et que l'utilisateur peut patienter quelques instants pendant que l'algorithme de localisation s'exécute. L'utilisateur collecte alors de façon opportuniste les informations de localisation de tous ces pairs. Dans cette thèse nous étudions les performances en termes de précision d'une méthode de localisation utilisant des inégalités matricielles linéaires (LMI), en faisant varier un grand nombre de paramètres. Nous comparons systématiquement ces performances à celles de l'une des solutions les plus simples, celle du centre de gravité de tous les pairs à portée. Nous améliorons ensuite l'approche LMI en la couplant à une moyenne pondérée dans le temps, qui permet d'obtenir une bien meilleure précision proche du mètre. Enfin, nous terminons par des considérations d'implémentation. Les travaux de cette thèse ont été menés dans le cadre du projet ANR Fusion d'Information de Localisation (FIL).
38
Khawam, Kinda. "L'ordonnancement opportuniste dans les réseaux mobiles de nouvelle génération." Paris, ENST, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENST0030.
Full textAbstract:
L'Internet a connu un essor remarquable ces dernières années. Cet essor n'a pas été restreint aux réseaux fixes mais a gagné récemment les réseaux mobiles. Les réseaux sans fil, initialement conçus pour véhiculer exclusivement des services voix, s'adaptent progressivement à ces changements pour transporter des services data. Avec un besoin grandissant pour accéder à ces nouveaux services, proposer des méthodes performantes pour gérer la ressource radio et fournir des garanties de performances aux services data mobiles est désormais d'une importance capitale. L'ordonnancement est l'un des mécanisme clé visant à augmenter l'efficacité du spectre mobile tout en faisant face aux caractéristiques uniques du canal mobile et à une demande croissante pour un accès haut débit à l'Internet mobile. Notre travail s'est concentré sur les politiques d'ordonnancement dites opportunistes qui, utilisant l'information relative à l'état du canal, donnent une sorte de priorité aux utilisateurs ayant un bon état de canal dans le but d'optimiser l'allocation des ressources. Diverses politiques d'ordonnancement opportunistes sont proposées dans le cadre de cette thèse pour les services data des réseaux mobiles de nouvelle génération. Elles sont conçues pour mettre à profit les variations du canal dans le but d'augmenter la capacité globale du système tout en satisfaisant différents critères en terme de qualité de serviceThe scarce resources in wireless systems compounded by their highly variable and error prone propagation characteristics stress the need for efficient resource management. Scheduling is a key tool to allocate efficiently the radio frequency spectrum. While fading effects have long been combated in wireless networks, primarily devoted to voice calls, they are now seen as an opportunity to increase the capacity of novel wireless networks that incorporate data traffic. For data applications, there is a service flexibility afforded by the delay tolerance of elastic traffic and by their ability to adapt their rate to the variable channel quality. Channel-aware scheduling exploit these characteristics by making use of channel state information to ensure that transmission occurs when radio conditions are most favourable. When users have heterogeneous characteristics and quality of service requirements, channel-aware scheduling becomes a challenging task. In this thesis, channel-aware transmission schemes for supporting downlink non-real time services are proposed and analyzed for novel cellular systems. The proposed schemes are designed for providing various QoS requirements for users while increasing the system global throughput
39
Xie, Qing Yan. "Performance Analysis of Opportunistc Spectrum Access on Cognitive Radio." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1273173530.
Full text
40
Khawam, Kinda. "L'ordonnancement opportuniste dans les réseaux mobiles de nouvelle génération /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41024537q.
Full text
41
El, Gharbi Henda. "Engagement professionnel et opportunisme : cas d'une relation au sein du secteur pharmaceutique." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN0648.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche se propose de rappeler les pratiques déloyales des dirigeants en se focalisant sur la notion d'opportunisme de dimension éthique ayant la forme de qualité dérobée (non-conformité aux bonnes pratiques et non respect aux règles éthiques de la profession). Cette notion a été souvent négligée par les chercheurs en sciences de gestion, pourtant le monde économique est secoué par les actions contraires à l'éthique professionnelle. L'idée centrale de ce travail est de montrer que cette forme d'opportunisme rencontrée chez le dirigeant peut être évitée par un mécanisme de contrôle interne « des professionnels responsables de la qualité ». L'efficacité de ce mode de contrôle dépend en fait de l'engagement des professionnels vis-à-vis de leur profession. Le champ d'analyse porte sur le secteur pharmaceutique, et plus précisément sur les acteurs-clés de l’entreprise pharmaceutique, à savoir le premier responsable de la qualité du médicament fabriqué : le Pharmacien Responsable Technique (Ph. R. T) et le dirigeant qui peut avoir deux profils (pharmacien de formation ou gestionnaire de formation). Les principaux résultats auxquels cette recherche a abouti, après la conduite d'une investigation empirique de 12 cas d'entreprises pharmaceutiques et une analyse inter-cas s'appuyant sur les rapprochements des différentes situations, ont permis d'avancer dans les connaissances scientifiques en montrant qu'un fort engagement du professionnel vis-à-vis de sa profession permet d'éviter l’opportunisme sous la forme de qualité dérobée du dirigeant de l'entreprise
42
Diouf, Djibril. "Partenariats Public-Privé au Sénégal : analyse institutionnelle, contractuelle et conflictuelle du contrôle public dans l’hydraulique urbaine et périurbaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1134.
Full textAbstract:
A travers cette thèse, notre objectif de départ a été de comprendre en quoi l'atteinte des objectifs sociaux des PPP dépend des mesures prises par les gestionnaires publics dans le cadre de l'exercice de leurs rôles et responsabilités en matière de contrôle.C'est pourquoi il a été question pour nous de comprendre comment les pouvoirs publics au travers des dispositifs institutionnels et contractuels ont exercé ce rôle de contrôle sur le partenaire privé. Sur la base d'une telle orientation, il a été souscrit aux méthodes qualitatives notamment à l'étude de cas pour appréhender le contrôle dans les PPP. Sur l'institutionnalisation des axes comme la prise en compte de toutes les parties prenantes, les différences d'objectifs, les rôles et responsabilités, l'absence de hiérarchie ont été tour à tour analysés. Ce qui a permis d'en faire des préalables des PPP. S'agissant de la contractualisation, il a fallu s'intéresser aux modèles de contrôle qui étaient basés sur la nécessité d'apporter des corrections au système, et sur ceux qui créent les conditions d'imputabilité. En conclusion de ce point, il apparaitra que les contrats devraient s'appuyer sur des éléments de performance. Enfin, sur le traitement des divergences entre partenaires les différences d'objectifs, de valeurs et de caractéristiques, l'opportunisme des partenaires surtout privés, la nécessité d'une alliance et d'une coopération, le pragmatisme des partenaires ont été mis en avant. Autrement dit dans les PPP, il est nécessaire de procéder au management de telles divergencesThrough this PhD thesis, our initial objective was to understand the control exercised by the government on their private partners in the Public-Private Partnerships. This was necessitated by the differences in objectives of the partner institutions and their different characteristics.This is why it has been the question for us to understand how the authorities through the institutional and contractual arrangements exercised this role of control over the private partner.On the basis of such an approach, it was subscribed to qualitative methods including case study to understand the control on the PPP.On the institutionalization, axis such as the inclusion of all the stakeholders, the differences in objectives, the roles and responsibilities, the lack of hierarchy were alternately analyzed. This allowing to make them prerequisites to PPPs.With respect to contracting, we had to look at the control models which were based on the need to correct the system and on those which create the conditions of accountability. To conclude this point, it will appear that contracts should be based on elements of performance.Finally, on the treatment of the differences between partners, the differences in goals, values and characteristics, the opportunism of partners especially the private ones, the need for an alliance and cooperation, the pragmatism of partners have been highlighted. In other words in the PPP, it is necessary to manage such differences
43
Berman, Shawn. "Managerial opportunism and firm performance an empirical test of instrumental stakeholder theory /." Full text available online (restricted access), 1998. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/Berman.pdf.
Full text
44
Berman, Shawn. "Managerial opportunism and firm performance : an emipirical test of instrumental stakeholder theory /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8814.
Full text
45
MARCOMBES, VERONIQUE. "Les infections opportunistes au cours du sida : a propos de 37 cas observes au chru de clermont-ferrand." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF13005.
Full text
46
Grant, Susan Barbara. "The supplier's dilemma : mixed motives in co-operative exchange." Thesis, Brunel University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266544.
Full text
47
Ezzaouia, Mahdi. "Allocation de ressource opportuniste dans les réseaux sans fil multicellulaires." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0098/document.
Full textAbstract:
La forte croissance du trafic dans les réseaux mobiles s'accompagne d'une augmentation de son hétérogénéité, tant dans l'espace qu'au cours du temps. Cette thèse porte sur des algorithmes d’ordonnancement adaptés à des trafics avec des zones à forte concentration et variables dans le temps. Nous proposons un mécanisme de prêt de la ressource spectrale d'une cellule en sous-charge à une voisine en surcharge combinée à un ordonnancement réactif au sein de chaque cellule. Nous nous intéressons aussi à l’architecture Cloud Radio Access Network qui sépare les têtes de transmission radio (Remote Radio Heads, RRHs) des unités de traitement en bande de base (Baseband Units, BBUs). L’interconnexion entre les BBUs et les RRHs se fait selon deux modes. Le premier est appelé association bi-univoque et consiste à allouer les unités de ressources de la trame radio d’une BBU à une seule RRH. Dans le second mode, appelé association multiple, une BBU peut gérer plusieurs RRHs. Nous proposons un mode d’association hybride dans lequel les unités de ressource de chaque trame sont réparties en deux tranches. La première constitue une tranche non partagée qui est allouée aux utilisateurs centraux selon l’association bi-univoque afin d’augmenter le débit notamment à haute charge de trafic. La deuxième tranche est constituée par une quantité d’unités de ressources partagées par un groupe de RRHs appartenant au même BBU. Cette tranche commune est configurée en association multiple et est allouée aux utilisateurs frontaliers et mobiles. Nous montrons que le mode hybride réduit les interférences intercellulaires, diminue le nombre de handover inter-BBU et améliore la consommation énergétiqueThe exponential growth of traffic in mobile networks is accompanied by an increase in its heterogeneity, both in space and over time. This thesis deals with scheduling algorithms adapted to highly concentrated and time-varying traffic zones. We propose a spectrum borrowing mechanism from an under-loaded cell to an overloaded one combined with a reactive intra-cellular scheduling algorithm. We are also interested in the Cloud Radio Access Network architecture that separates the Radio Head(RRH) from the Baseband Unit (BBU). The BBU is connected to the RRU according to two modes. The first one is called a one-to-one association and consists in allocating the resource units of the BBU radio frame to a single RRH. In the second mode which is called multiple association, a BBU can handle multiple RRHs. We propose a hybrid association mode in which the resource units of each frame are divided into two slices. The first one constitutes an unshared slice and is allocated to central users according to the one-to-one association in order to increase the throughput, especially at high traffic load. The second slice contains a quantity of resource units that are shared by a group of RRHs belonging to the same BBU. This common slice is configured according to the multiple association mode and is allocated to the edge and mobile users. We show that the hybrid mode reduces the inter-cell interferences, decreases the number of inter-BBU handovers and improves the energy consumption
48
Le, Bourdon Xavier. "Partage opportuniste et agrégation contextuelle de données capturées en mobilité." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S038.
Full textAbstract:
Un aspect de l'informatique diffuse est de lier les systèmes d'informations avec le monde réel. Cette liaison peut être réalisée par des capteurs et des réseaux de capteurs. Peu d'études ont été effectuées sur le réseau de capteurs le plus important jamais déployé : le téléphone cellulaire. Ces périphériques permettent de capturer du son, des images, de la vidéo, et communiquent via un réseau global ou un réseau de proximité. Les utilisateurs peuvent ainsi produire, partager, et consulter des informations où qu'ils soient. Ce mémoire présente une application de ces technologies : la capture collaborative. Considérons par exemple quelqu'un arrivant en retard à une réunion. Plusieurs téléphones, utilisés comme dictaphones, ont pu chacun enregistrer une partie du début de la réunion. L'agrégation de ces bandes sonores permet au retardataire de récupérer ce qu'il a manqué. Notre proposition s'articule sur quatre axes. Le premier présente un protocole permettant de partager des ressources de manière diffuse au dessus de Bluetooth. Le second présente des politiques d'agrégation des données produites. Un troisième présente un protocole de synchronisation des données capturées de manière distribuée. Enfin, nous présentons une capture collaborative depuis internetAn important aspect of ambient computing is to link information systems with the real world. To this end, sensors and networks of sensors play an important role in providing data and events from the real world. Surprisingly, much less attention has been paid to what is becoming the most important sensor network ever deployed: the multimedia phone. While these are well-known as personal messaging devices, their role as sensors has been largely ignored. These devices can capture sound, pictures and video, and can communicate with global as well as local networks. Users can now produce, exchange and consult, data anytime, anywhere. This thesis presents a new application of these technologies: collaborative capture, where the shared data is no longer resources hosted in the network, but structured information composed of elements contributed dynamically by a collection of nodes. Consider, for example, someone arriving late in a meeting. Many phones, treated as audio capture devices, could have recorded the beginning of the meeting to allow the newcomer to catch up with the missing part. Our proposal is articulated according to four axes. First, we present a protocol to share resources over Bluetooth communications. Second, we propose some policies to cluster produced data. Then, we propose a protocol to synchronize distributed captured medias. Finally, we present a collaborative capture of data from the Internet
49
Crnovrsanin, Adelisa, and Edvina Hajic. "Gapet mellan FATF:s grundläggande rekommendationer och svenska bankers reglering av penningtvätt i praktiken : Beslutsfattande inom svenska banker." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-19235.
Full textAbstract:
Penningtvätt och finansiering av terrorism är ett internationellt problem som ständigt hotar världsekonomin och det finansiella systemet. Detta har medfört att Financial Action Task Forces grundläggande rekommendationer, som legat till bas för en stor del av regelverken inom den svenska finanssektorn, besitter en betydelsefull roll, likaså enskilda bankmedarbetares beslutsfattande inom de svenska storbankerna.Syftet med studien är att förstå hur och varför det kan existera ett gap mellan FATF:s grundläggande rekommendationer och några svenska bankers agerande i reglering av penningtvätt genom att observera enskilda bankmedarbetares beslutsfattande inom de svenska storbankerna.Beslutsteorier ligger till grund för att förstå hur psykologiska kognitioner kan påverka en individs beslutsfattande. Vår föreställning har även varit den, att enskilda bankmedarbetare inom de svenska storbankerna kan fatta beslut och utföra handlingar i relation till organisationsförhållande så som styr- och kontrollsystem, komplexa organisationsmiljöer, informationssystem, individuell kompetens samt selektion, urval och värderingar, som råder inom banken.Sett till vår teoretiska referensram, empiriska insamling och analys har vi konstaterat att de olika organisationsförhållandena kan vara bidragande faktorer till varför penningtvätt inom svenska storbanker kan uppstå. Banktjänstemän fattar inte enbart oönskade beslut på grund av brister i organisationsförhållandena, utan även på grund av olika kompetensnivåer som innebär att vissa medarbetare med högre kompetens erhåller ett bredare handlingsutrymme. Under studiens gång har vi fått en indikation på att kundkännedom och kundrelation kan vara en kritisk faktor till uppkomsten av penningtvätt, då det existerar osäkerhet i enskilda bankmedarbetares bedömning av kunders trovärdighetMoney laundering and terrorist financing is an international issue that is constantly threatening the world economy and the financial system. This meaning, that FATF's fundamental recommendations, as a basis for a large part of the regulations, within the Swedish financial sector have a significant role in the counter of money laundering as well as the decision-making of bankers in the Swedish major banks.The purpose of the study is to understand how and why there exists a gap between the Financial Action Task Force's fundamental recommendations and the behavior of a number of Swedish banks in the regulation of money laundering by observing bankers'decisionmaking.By applying an abductive approach, decision theories lay the foundation for understanding which psychological cognitions can affect a bankers decision making. Our idea has also been that individuals in the Swedish major banks can make decisions in relation to which organizational relationships such as control system, complex work environments, informations systems, selections and values exist within the bank.Referring to our theoretical reference framework, empirical collection and analysis, we have found that the different organizational relationships can be contributing factors to why money laundering within Swedish major banks can arise. Bankers not only take unwanted decisions because of the shortcomings in the organizational relationships, but also because the employees have different levels of competence and thus have wider scope for action. During the study, we have received an indication that customer relationships and how well bankers knows the customer, can be a critical factor to the emergence of money laundering.
50
PIRAGUA, CHAPARRO LILIANA CONSUELO. "IL VERO TESORO DELLA SCUOLA. Processo di costruzione della conoscenza scientifica da parte di studenti di una scuola rurale colombiana, a partire dallo studio di fenomeni quotidiani dell’astronomia di posizione." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/77597.
Full textAbstract:
Questa tesi indaga i modi di costruzione della conoscenza scientifica da parte degli studenti di questa scuola, a partire dall’adattamento alle caratteristiche socio culturali e geografiche del contesto scelto di una serie di attività che fanno parte di un percorso longitudinale ri-costruito sulla base del lavoro di un gruppo di ricercatori italiani guidati dalle professoresse Enrica Giordano e Nicoletta Lanciano .
L’obiettivo generale di questa implementazione é stato progettare e sperimentare un percorso didattico allo scopo di analizzare le caratteristiche associate al processo di costruzione delle conoscenze scientifiche da parte degli studenti. La seguenza didattica ha come contenuto l'astronomia osservativa per coinvolgere gli studenti in un contesto scientifico nel quale individualmente e collettivamente, possano esplorare una molteplicità di strade per la costruzione della conoscenza associata ad un soggetto per sua natura multidimensionale.
Nel primo capitolo si presenta l’ipotesi concettuale che sostiene tutto il modello cognitivo di base, e L’insegnamento delle scienze dalla prospettiva culturale.
Il secondo capitolo presenta un quadro organizzato secondo uno schema originale, la linea di base, della ricerca colombiana in didattica della scienza. Si presentano anche riferimenti alle ricerche nella didattica della scienza dei contesti europeo e latinoamericano.
Il terzo capitolo esplicita le domande di ricerca e gli obiettivi associati.
Nel quarto capitolo presenta il Quadro Concettuale e la Descrizione Contestuale. Si tratta di una composizione dialogica tra le diverse prospettive metodologiche utilizzate nel divenire della ricerca
Il quinto, sesto e settimo capitolo corrispondono rispettivamente a: l’analisi dei risultati, le conclusioni e le prospettive. Gli allegati sono inseriti dopo la Biliografia.
L’elaborazione dell’ipotesi in relazione al modello cognitivo è stata fatta a partire da un confronto originale tra il lavoro dell'italiano Paolo Guidoni, (L-E-C) e del colombiano Carlos A. Hernández (V-I-Ap) a partire dalle fonti primarie.
Nella organizzazione e stesura della linea di base sono state analizzate 384 esperienze di ricerca e innovazione didattica colombiane, riprese da fonti secondarie.
Le fonti primarie utilizzate nella descrizione del contesto sono prese dagli attori diretti (studenti) e indiretti (comunitá) del processo.
Gli strumenti che sono stati ri-costruiti secondo una metodologia qualitativa, si sono trasformati progressivamente a seconda delle caratteristiche del processo, arrivando ad una nuova configurazione metodologica. Ci si è per questo ispirati all’Opportunismo Metodologico descritto da Feyerabend riguardo al modo costitutivo della pratica scientifica reale, sostenendo che non esiste una sola forma legittima di fare ricerca qualitativa, nè una sola posizione o cosmovisione che la supporti.
Alcuni conclusioni di ordine generale:
1. Il valore della sequenza didattica, riferito non solo alle implicazioni di contenuto e metodologiche, sta nel fatto che diventa lo strumento che permette allo studente di avvicinarsi ad un altro mondo, il mondo delle scienze.
3. Il nucleo dell’esperienza é stato cercare di arrivare alla razionalitá e alla comprensione dell’ esperienza stessa, in forma discorsiva e attraverso medellizzazioni, come consolidamento dell’apprendimento.
4. Si tratta di una proposta che offre la possibilità di costruzione di conoscenza nel rispetto delle condizioni individuali e non soltanto trasforma la vita di chi partecipa direttamente ma addirittura l’opinione che la comunità ha della scuola stessa.