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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Opilio'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Taylor, David M. "Aspects of multiparous snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) fecundity in insular Newfoundland waters." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25892.pdf.

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2

Merfield, Charles Norman. "Predator interactions within a trophic level : Phalangium opilio L. (Arachnida: Opiliones) and mites (Arachnida: Acari)." Master's thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2000. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20060908.204153.

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This study investigated commensal feeding interactions between the European harvestman (P. opilio L.) and the predatory mites Balaustium spp. and Anystis baccarum L. It also investigated the feeding behaviour of P. opilio. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory using standardised temperature, humidity, photoperiod and experimental arenas, with eggs of the brown blowfly (Calliphora stygia F.) as prey facsimiles. Due to initial difficulties in obtaining enough predatory mites, mite feeding was manually simulated piercing blowfly eggs with a minuten pin. P. opilio consumed significantly more freeze-killed than live blowfly eggs, indicating that freezing induced chemical and/or physical changes to blowfly eggs that are detected by P. opilio. Significantly more manually pierced eggs were consumed by P. opilio compared with unpierced ones, demonstrating that piercing caused a chemical and/or physical to the egg and increased the feeding rates of P. opilio. Different densities of eggs had no effect on the numbers eaten by P. opilio and placing single pierced eggs next to groups of unpierced eggs also had no effect on the numbers of unpierced eggs eaten. These results suggest that P. opilio does not exhibit klinokinesis or orthokinesis to intensify its search for prey around the area where previous prey were located. P. opilio ate significantly more brown blowfly eggs that had previously been fed on by mites, demonstrating that a short term commensal interaction existed. However, further work is required to demonstrate if the relationship is commensal in the longer term. A comparison between hand-pierced and mite-pierced eggs showed that P. opilio ate significantly more of the former indicating that mite and hand piercing were quantitatively different. The potential for, and importance of, other commensal or mutual relationships between predators in agroecosystems is discussed. The lack of klinokinesis and orthokinesis in P. opilio is compared with other predators and parasitoids that do exhibit these behaviours. The means by which prey are detected by P. opilio are discussed in relation to interpreting behaviours such as prey inspection. Concerns about the effect of pre-treatment and handling of sentinel prey and the problems of using prey facsimiles are raised.
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3

Merfield, C. N. "Predator interactions within a trophic level : Phalangium opilio L. (Arachnida: Opiliones) and mites (Arachnida: Acari)." Diss., Lincoln University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/21.

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This study investigated commensal feeding interactions between the European harvestman (P. opilio L.) and the predatory mites Balaustium spp. and Anystis baccarum L. It also investigated the feeding behaviour of P. opilio. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory using standardised temperature, humidity, photoperiod and experimental arenas, with eggs of the brown blowfly (Calliphora stygia F.) as prey facsimiles. Due to initial difficulties in obtaining enough predatory mites, mite feeding was manually simulated piercing blowfly eggs with a minuten pin. P. opilio consumed significantly more freeze-killed than live blowfly eggs, indicating that freezing induced chemical and/or physical changes to blowfly eggs that are detected by P. opilio. Significantly more manually pierced eggs were consumed by P. opilio compared with unpierced ones, demonstrating that piercing caused a chemical and/or physical to the egg and increased the feeding rates of P. opilio. Different densities of eggs had no effect on the numbers eaten by P. opilio and placing single pierced eggs next to groups of unpierced eggs also had no effect on the numbers of unpierced eggs eaten. These results suggest that P. opilio does not exhibit klinokinesis or orthokinesis to intensify its search for prey around the area where previous prey were located. P. opilio ate significantly more brown blowfly eggs that had previously been fed on by mites, demonstrating that a short term commensal interaction existed. However, further work is required to demonstrate if the relationship is commensal in the longer term. A comparison between hand-pierced and mite-pierced eggs showed that P. opilio ate significantly more of the former indicating that mite and hand piercing were quantitatively different. The potential for, and importance of, other commensal or mutual relationships between predators in agroecosystems is discussed. The lack of klinokinesis and orthokinesis in P. opilio is compared with other predators and parasitoids that do exhibit these behaviours. The means by which prey are detected by P. opilio are discussed in relation to interpreting behaviours such as prey inspection. Concerns about the effect of pre-treatment and handling of sentinel prey and the problems of using prey facsimiles are raised.
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4

Bouazza, Aya. "Purification, caractérisation et étude des propriétés immunostimulantes de l'hémocyanine de crabe des neiges, Chinoecetes opilio." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26758/26758.pdf.

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5

Williams-Ryan, Kathryn Anne. "Occurrence, histopathology and fine structural studies on Hematodinium sp. (Dinoflagellida: Syndinidae) parasitizing the snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23186.pdf.

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6

Urbani, Nicola. "Microsatellite DNA analysis of the mating system during the first breeding period of the female snow crab Chionoecetes opilio (Brachyura, Majidae)." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35838.

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In order to study sperm competition and mating dynamics in the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio, a genomic library was established with the goal of identifying highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. Six pairs of DNA primers were designed to amplify markers Cop3-4, Cop4-1, Cop5, Cop10, Cop24-3 and Cop111 by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All markers produced patterns as expected from single loci inherited in a mendelian fashion, except for Cop5 which revealed a multi-locus banding pattern. The cross-amplification of the six loci in seven additional crabs species revealed DNA polymorphisms at one or more loci for each species. Markers Cop3-4 and Cop24-3 were used to determine paternity of larvae of primiparous females both from the wild and from multiple mating experiments under laboratory settings. The two markers were also used to genotype the contents of female spermathecae in order to determine the number of number of male genotypes present. Spermathecal contents of wild-caught females were cut into several cross-sections and each section genotyped individually. Histological analysis of spermathecae was carried out to complement genetic data in order to elucidate patterns of sperm competition. Single paternity was observed for the progeny of all females. The analysis of laboratory females showed displacement was the mechanism by which single paternity was obtained by the last males to mate. The analysis of wild females revealed that their spermathecae contained on average the sperm of at least 3.7 males. Larvae appeared to be sired by males whose genotypes were found in the spermathecal cross-sections toward the blind-end of the spermathecae. This suggested that they were the first males to mate with females they guarded until oviposition, and females remated with other males thereafter. Also, a comprehensive account of the mating dynamics was carried out in a wild population of the Northwest Gulf of Saint Lawrence (Eastern Canada) and demonstrated the e
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7

Urbani, Nicola. "Microsatellite DNA analysis of the mating system during the first breeding period of the female snow crab Chionoecetes opilio (Brachyura, Majidae)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0020/NQ44613.pdf.

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8

Dionne, Mélanie. "Distribution et sélection de l'habitat chez les mégalopes et les juvéniles du crabe des neiges, Chionoecetes opilio, dans un contexte de changement climatique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43053.

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9

Poliseli, Romualdo Vicentin. "Opinião verdadeira e opinião pública no "Mênon" de Platão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-20052003-141051/.

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O tema central, enfocado nesta leitura do Mênon de Platão, é a relação entre dóxa alethés e opinião pública. São temas secundários, o ensino da virtude, o contexto político, as matemáticas e a epistéme aplicada à política. A questão nasce da pergunta inicial do diálogo sobre a maneira de adquirir a virtude. Mênon desejava a virtude tal como era concebida em seu meio: a glória, a fama, a boa reputação e, por conseguinte, o poder, ou seja, ele desejava a virtude política. O conturbado processo político da polis rumo à democratização, aliado à noção de virtude como fama, torna evidente a importância da dinamização da opinião pública na luta entre as facções e no reconhecimento da virtude política. Platão admite essa condição da prática política. Segundo o Timeu, o único conhecimento possível do mundo dos sólidos é o conhecimento opiniático. A prática política se desenrola no mundo dos sólidos, portanto é guiada pela opinião. Porém, há opiniões que são verdadeiras e há opiniões que conduzem à aporia, além de serem fugidias, pois o objeto deste tipo de conhecimento são os sólidos, que estão no mundo do devir. O Timeu ensina que o demiurgo tem sempre opiniões verdadeiras sobre o mundo por ele ordenado, porque também repousa os olhos no que é sempre o mesmo, ou seja, ele tem a episteme do que é sempre. O rei-filósofo da República é o demiurgo da cidade; ele tem sempre opiniões verdadeiras na administração da polis, porque tem a episteme. Porém, Platão reconhece, na República, que a verdade conhecida pelo filósofo não pode se efetivar sem a anuência da opinião pública. Freqüentemente, a opinião pública caminha para a aporia, mas não é impossível que chegue ao acerto. É possível conjugar verdade e política. Se a ciência filosófica estiver ausente, resta contar com a proteção divina, que é casual. Sócrates propôs que seu interlocutor procurasse saber o que é a virtude em si. Em razão da aporia de Mênon, Sócrates ensinou o caminho da ciência pela teoria da reminiscência, que principia justamente pelo reconhecimento das aporias. Mênon, porém, não estava disposto a buscar a episteme do filósofo. O último argumento do diálogo conclui que a virtude é opinião verdadeira, que advém por um favor dos deuses. Trata-se de uma segunda via, mais apropriada a Mênon, para manter alguma articulação entre política e verdade. Antes de se despedir, Sócrates avisa Mênon que a investigação deve ser retomada do início.
The central theme which has been put into focus by this reading of Meno is the relation between dóxa alethés and public opinion. The teaching of virtue, the public context, the mathematics and the epistéme applied to politics offer themselves as secondary themes. The question emerges from the initial question of the dialog about how virtue can be acquired. Meno longed for the virtue as it was conceived within its medium: glory, fame, good reputation and, therefore, power; he desired, in other words, the political virtue. The disturbed political process of the polis towards democracy makes clear - together with virtue as fame – the importance of the dynamism of public opinion in the struggle between factions and within the acknowledgment of political virtue. Plato acknowledges these conditions amongst practical politics. According to Timaeus, the only possible knowledge of the world of solids is the opinionated knowledge. The political practice develops itself within the world of solids, and is therefore guided by opinion. However, there are true opinions and opinions which take us to aporia and which are, moreover, quite fleeting – because their object are the solids, which found themselves within the world of becoming. Timaeus also teaches us that the demiurge has always true opinions about the world he has arranged - because he looks at that which never changes, i. e., he holds the epistéme of that which always is. The king-philosopher of the Republic is, so to say, the city’s demiurge; he always has true opinions about the management of the polis - because he holds the epistéme. Nevertheless, Plato acknowledges in the Republic that the truth granted by the philosopher cannot accomplish itself without the consent of public opinion. Frequently, the public opinion leads to aporia but, on the other hand, is not impossible to it to succeed. It is possible to coordinate truth and politics. Without philosophical science, we can only rely on the divine protection, which happens to be fortuitous. Socrates has put forth that his interlocutor should try to learn what virtue in itself is. Due to Meno's aporia, Socrates has taught the way to science through the theory of reminiscence, which sets off precisely from the recognition of the aporia. Meno, however, was not willing to search the philosophical epistéme. The last argument of the dialog ends up saying that virtue is the true opinion – which is granted by a favor of gods. It happens to be a second road - much more appropriated to Meno – in order to keep politics and truth well-connected. Before signing off, Socrates tells Meno that the search must be considered from the start.
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10

Maciel, Marcelo Veloso. "Emergência de distribuições de posicionamentos ideológicos: uma abordagem computacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100132/tde-16102018-130334/.

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As democracias estão fundamentadas na conexão entre atitudes dos cidadãos e políticas. Numa arena política onde agentes têm racionalidade limitada, a competição dos políticos e partidos pelo apoio e voto da população depende de como está distribuída a opinião pública. Contudo, modelos explícitos que gerem essas distribuições, ao invés de pressupô-las, ainda são escassos. O presente trabalho gera estas distribuições por meio de um modelo computacional baseado em agentes de influência social. Nele os agentes interagem em díades e tornam-se mais próximos dos outros agentes em alguma questão a depender da distância de seus posicionamentos ideológicos, da incerteza dos agentes e do quanto confiam na opinião do outro. Por meio da combinação de análise de sensibilidade, histogramas e séries temporais de medidas do sistema e gráficos de dispersão, encontramos que o quão incertos são os agentes, o número de questões subjacentes ao seu posicionamento e o quanto estão sujeitos a mudanças aleatórias de atitude (ruído) são determinantes importantes do formato da distribuição de atitudes populacional. Nossos resultados nos levam a questionamentos empíricos quanto a interação dos parâmetros do modelo e a plausibilidade das distribuições geradas por ele a serem respondidos por trabalhos futuros
Democracies are based on the connection between citizens\' attitudes and policies. In a political arena where agents are boundedly rational, the competition of politicians and parties for the support and vote of the population depends on how the public opinion is distributed. However, explicit models that generate, instead of presupposing, them are still rare. This work generates those distributions through a computational agent-based model of social influence. In it the agents interact in pairs and become more similar to the others in some issue conditional on their ideological positioning, their uncertainty and on how much they trust another agents opinion. Through a combination of sensitivity analysis, histograms and time series of the systems measures and scatterplots, we find that how uncertain the agents are, the number of issues underneath their positioning and how much theyre subject to random attitude change (noise) are important determinants of the shape of the population attitudinal distribution. Our results lead us to empirical questions regarding the model parameters interaction and the plausibility of the distributions generated by it which should be answered by future works
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11

Sampaio, Ívia Campos Previtali. "Opinião sobre peso corporal e alimentação de estudantes do ensino médio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-11102013-100203/.

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Introdução: A adolescência é um período de intensas mudanças físicas, psicológicas, cognitivas e sociais, que podem influenciar a opinião sobre peso corporal e alimentação. Objetivo: Analisar a opinião de adolescentes sobre peso corporal e alimentação. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com adolescentes (14 a 19 anos), de ambos os sexos, do ensino médio de escolas técnicas que participaram do Projeto Educação Alimentar, nos municípios de São Paulo, Sorocaba, Ribeirão Preto e Mogi das Cruzes. As variáveis respostas do estudo foram opinião sobre peso corporal e opinião sobre alimentação e as explanatórias foram, ingestão referida de frutas, hortaliças e produtos lácteos, idade, sexo, inatividade física, realização de refeição em frente à televisão, cidade e índice de massa corporal IMC. Utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson (p<0,05) para verificar associação entre as variáveis estudadas e a razão de prevalência entre as categorias das variáveis; o teste de McNemar foi calculado para comparar as proporções oriundas das variáveis respostas (opinião sobre peso corporal e alimentação) simultaneamente. Para os cálculos utilizou-se o Stata, versão 10.1. Resultados: Foram estudados 273 adolescentes (60,4 por cento meninas). Detectou-se associação entre opinião sobre peso corporal, IMC e sexo; incluindo inatividade física para sexo masculino e cidade para sexo feminino. A opinião sobre alimentação mostrou-se associada a sexo, ingestão referida de frutas e hortaliças; incluindo cidade para sexo feminino e somente frutas para sexo masculino. Encontrou-se associação entre opinião sobre peso corporal e alimentação para sexo feminino e para o total de adolescentes. Conclusão: A opinião sobre peso corporal e opinião sobre alimentação se manifestaram de forma semelhante e simultânea para sexo feminino e para o total de adolescentes
Introduction: Adolescence is a period of intense physical, psychological, cognitive and, social changes that may influence opinion about body weight and eating practice. Objective: To analyze adolescents opinion about body weight and eating practice. Methods: Cross-sectional study with adolescents (14-19 years) of both sexes, from technical high schools that participated from the Nutrition Education Project, in São Paulo, Sorocaba, Ribeirão Preto and Mogi das Cruzes cities. The response variables of the study were opinion about body weight and eating practice and the explanatory ones were reported fruits, vegetables and dairy products intake, age, sex, physical inactivity, making meal in front of the television, city and body mass index BMI. Poisson regression (p <0.05) was used to determine the association among these variables and the prevalence ratio among the categories of variables; McNemar test was calculated to compare the proportions derived from response variables (opinion about body weight and eating practice) simultaneously. For the calculations, Stata, version 10.1 was used. Results: 273 adolescents (60.4 per cent girls) participated from the study. Association was detected among opinion about body weight, BMI and sex, including physical inactivity for males and city for females. Opinion about eating practice was associated with sex, reported fruits and vegetables intake; including city for females and only fruits for males. It was found association between opinion about body weight and eating practice for females and for the adolescents. Conclusion: The opinion about body weight and opinion about eating practice manifested similarly and simultaneously for females and for the adolescents
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Lima, Allan Diego Silva. "Modelo social de relevância para opiniões." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-20052015-155245/.

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Esta tese apresenta um modelo de relevância de opinião genérico e independente de domínio para usuários de Redes Sociais. O Social Opinion Relevance Model (SORM) é capaz de estimar a relevância de uma opinião com base em doze parâmetros distintos. Comparado com outros modelos, a principal característica que distingue o SORM é a sua capacidade para fornecer resultados personalizados de relevância de uma opinião, de acordo com o perfil da pessoa para a qual ela está sendo estimada. Devido à falta de corpus de relevância de opiniões capazes de testar corretamente o SORM, fez-se necessária a criação de um novo corpus chamado Social Opinion Relevance Corpus (SORC). Usando o SORC, foram realizados experimentos no domínio de jogos eletrônicos que ilustram a importância da personalização da relevância para alcançar melhores resultados, baseados em métricas típicas de Recuperação de Informação. Também foi realizado um teste de significância estatística que reforça e confirma as vantagens que o SORM oferece.
This thesis presents a generic and domain independent opinion relevance model for Social Network users. The Social Opinion Relevance Model (SORM) is able to estimate an opinions relevance based on twelve different parameters. Compared to other models, SORMs main distinction is its ability to provide customized results, according to whom the opinion relevance is being estimated for. Due to the lack of opinion relevance corpora that are able to properly test our model, we have created a new one called Social Opinion Relevance Corpus (SORC). Using SORC, we carried out some experiments on the Electronic Games domain that illustrate the importance of customizing opinion relevance in order to achieve better results, based on typical Information Retrieval metrics, such as NDCG, QMeasure and MAP. We also performed a statistical significance test that reinforces and corroborates the advantages that SORM offers.
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Rodrigues, Daniela Leite. "A POLÍTICA SOB O JULGAMENTO DE ELIANE CANTANHÊDE: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO DA ASSINATURA VALORATIVA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9895.

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In the journalistic opinionated scenario, there are several genres which personal character is present. However, there is a consensus among theoreticians who discuss about the media that the column is, among all the journalistic genres, the one which most expresses the authorial opinion. Based on a theoretical approach which comprises since the concept of media and opinion,(THOMPSON, 2011; CHARAUDEAU, 2006a, 2006b; MELO, 1994, 2003) until the theoretical pillars of Systemic Functional Linguistics (HALLIDAY e HASAN, 1989; HALLIDAY, 1994; HALLIDAY E MATTHIESSEN, 2004), the focus of this research is on the principle of Individuation (MARTIN, 2008; 2009) and it is sustained by systematic assumptions proposed by Martin and White (2005) for the resources of language appraisal. The aim of this work is to determine, based on identification and analysis of discursive and linguistic strategies of appraisal, the construction of style, of evaluative signature by Eliane Cantanhêde in her political advice column conveyed by Folha de São Paulo newspaper. The corpus is composed by 31 copies of the column, published during 2010 and available on the page of Folha Online. The methodological procedures comprehend two steps of analysis: textual and contextual. The results show that there is, in the corpus, 1) predominance of judgment evaluations by social esteem, recurrently manifested by colloquial expressions and metaphors; 2) balanced heteroglossic articulation expressed by punctuation resources, lexical notations and rhetorical questions and that 3) the evaluations are intensified by, besides adverbs and adjectives, metaphorical and colloquial expressions. The analysis points that the evaluative signature of Cantanhêde corresponds to the articulation of judgments about the competence/incompetence of politicians, carried out by linguistic resources supported by colloquialism and conversational strategies. These strategies confer to discourse more levity and establish an interaction between the columnist and readers.
No cenário jornalístico opinativo, há diversos gêneros cujo caráter pessoal se faz presente. Entretanto, é consenso entre os teóricos que versam sobre a mídia que a coluna é dos gêneros jornalísticos o que mais expressa a opinião autoral. Partindo de uma referenciação teórica que abrange desde o conceito de mídia e de opinião (THOMPSON, 2011; CHARAUDEAU, 2006a, 2006b; MELO, 1994, 2003), até os pilares teóricos da Linguística Sistêmico-funcional (HALLIDAY e HASAN, 1989; HALLIDAY, 1994; HALLIDAY E MATTHIESSEN, 2004), o enfoque desta pesquisa recai sobre o princípio da Individuação (MARTIN, 2008; 2009) e é sustentado pelas premissas sistemáticas propostas por Martin e White (2005) para os recursos de avaliação da linguagem. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar, a partir da identificação e análise das estratégias discursivas e linguísticas avaliativas a construção do estilo, da assinatura valorativa da jornalista Eliane Cantanhêde em sua coluna de opinião política veiculada pelo jornal Folha de São Paulo. O corpus é constituído por 31 exemplares da coluna, publicados durante o ano de 2010 e disponibilizados na página da Folha Online. Os procedimentos metodológicos compreendem duas etapas de análise: textual e contextual. Os resultados indicaram que há, no corpus, 1) predominância de avaliações de julgamento por estima social, manifestadas recorrentemente por expressões coloquiais e metáforas; 2) articulação heteroglóssica equilibrada expressa por recursos de pontuação, notações léxicas e por perguntas retóricas e que 3) as avaliações são intensificadas por, além de advérbios e adjetivos, também por expressões metafóricas e coloquiais. A análise aponta que a assinatura valorativa de Cantanhêde corresponde à articulação de julgamentos sobre a competência/incompetência dos políticos, realizados por recursos linguísticos apoiados na coloquialidade e em estratégias conversacionais. Essas estratégias conferem ao discurso mais leveza e estabelecem uma interação entre a colunista e os leitores.
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Silva, Dalila Pinheiro da. "A imaginação e seus duplos: costume, opinião e fantasia em Pascal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-13022017-121819/.

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A pesquisa tem como objeto a imaginação na filosofia de Pascal, a qual parece se revelar não propriamente como uma região da alma, mas como força e seus efeitos, os duplos o costume, a opinião e a fantasia , que são as formas segundo as quais a imaginação se expressa nas três ordens de realidade definidas por Pascal, ou seja, segundo as quais ela encarna e assume contornos visíveis. O objetivo é seguir os embates entre a imaginação nas duas ordens de realidade às quais Pascal atribui um papel positivamente epistemológico: aqueles entre imaginação e razão nos apresentarão seu duplo na ordem espiritual, a opinião, serão objeto do primeiro capítulo; os embates entre imaginação e coração gestam a fantasia na ordem da caridade e serão abordados no segundo capítulo. No terceiro e derradeiro capítulo da dissertação, examinaremos a relação entre imaginação e perspectiva para explorar outras dimensões dos instrumentos hermenêuticos que Pascal mobiliza em Pensamentos com o intuito de melhor fundamentar a hipótese dos duplos da imaginação.
This research has as object the imagination in Pascals philosophy, which seems reveals itself not properly as region of the soul but as a force and its effects, the doubles the custom, the opinion e the fantasy , that are the forms accordingly which the imagination express itself on the three orders of reality defined by Pascal, such as, accordingly which she embodies and and takes on visible contours. The goal is to follow the conflicts between imagination in the two orders of reality to which Pascal assigns a positive epistemological role: those between imagination and reason will present in his double in the spiritual order, opinion, will be the subject of the first chapter; the clashes between imagination and heart bear costume in the order of charity and will be discussed in the second chapter. In the third and final chapter of the this work, we examine the relationship between imagination and perspective to explore other dimensions of hermeneutical instruments Pascal mobilizes in The thoughts in order to better support the hypothesis of doubles of imagination.
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15

Garrido, Bruno Sampaio [UNESP]. "A construção da opinião nos editoriais do jornal Bom Dia Bauru: uma abordagem discursiva." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89497.

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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar e descrever os recursos discursivos e enunciativos utilizados pelo Jornal Bom Dia Bauru na construção de suas opiniões e, além disso, detectar, identificar, caracterizar as vozes presentes nos discursos que emanam desses textos. O referencial teórico-metodológico utilizado baseia-se nas Teorias do Jornalismo, que tratam das etapas do processo de transformação dos acontecimentos em notícias e das relações socioprofissionais e linguisticas inerentes a esse processo, que configuram o texto jornalístico como um construto social; nos estudos acerca do jornalismo opinativo, que explicam o papel da opinião no jornalismo brasileiro e suas manifestações práticas, tendo como foco o editorial, gênero que representa os posicionamentos institucionais das empresas jornalísticas sobre os acontecimentos; nos elmentos da Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD), dos conceitos de heterogeneidade discursiva, de enunciação no jornalismo e de contrato de comunicação/leitura. Para a constituição do corpus, foram selecionados 33 editoriais publicados entre os anos de 2006 e 2007, os quais foram separados e organizados por temas, e cujo assunto principal fosse a prefeitura de Bauru (instituição e agentes). Como principais resultados, constatamos a presença de uma lógica adversarial que rege o discurso dos editoriais, e por meio da qual se estabelece uma contraposição entre os agentes públicos municipais e a população, marcado principalmente por estruturas discursivas que visam desqualisficar as ações dos políticos e vitimizar os munícipes. Em meio a isso, o Bom Dia Bauru visa construir uma relação de comprometimento entre o jornal e seu público-alvo, assim como com a cidade de Bauru, colocando-se como uma instância que está a serviço de seu leitor e, por isso, avalia, julga e fiscaliza o trabalho dos agentes públicos...
The objective of this work is to identify and describe the discursive and enunciative strategies used by the newspaper Bom Dia Bauru in composing its editorials and, besides this, to delect, identify and charactetize the voices present in discourses which emanate from those texts. The theoretical and methodological references are based on the Journalism Theories, which focus the stages of events transformation processes into news and the socioprofessional and linguistic relations inherent to those processes, which configure the journalistic text as a social construct; on studies about opinative journalism, which explain the opinion role in Brazilian Journalism and its practical manifestations, focused in the editorial, a genre that shows the view of journalism companies about the events; on the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) elements, the concepts of discursive heterogeneity, the utterance in journalism and the communication/reading contract. For composing the corpus, it was selected 33 editorials published between 2006 and 2007, which were separated and organized by themes, whose main subject was Bauru City Hall (the institution and its agents). As the main results, it was found out the presence of an adversarial logic which rules the editorial discourse, whereby it establishes a contraposition between public agents and population, which is mainly market by discursive structures that tend to disqualify the politician actions and to show Bauru citizens as victims. Amid that, Bom Dia Bauru aims to construct a compromise relationship between itself and its target public, just as with the city of Bauru, placing itself as an instance that serves its reader and, hence, analyzes, judges and surpervises the work of the local public agents. However, this attitude manifests itself as dissonant, for tasking, on the one hand, a more combative approach and, on the other... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Santos, Miguel Ângelo Libânio dos. "A influência da opinião do auditor na continuidade da prestação de serviços de auditoria." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4396.

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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças Empresariais
O presente estudo empírico tem como objectivo analisar em que medida a continuidade da prestação de serviços de auditoria é afectada pela opinião da empresa de auditoria (Auditor). Recorrendo a dados de uma amostra de 3.369 empresas, recolhidos com base nos modelos de Informação Empresarial Simplificada (IES) das empresas portuguesas para o período de 2006 a 2009, verificámos que a emissão de uma opinião com ênfases ou uma opinião com reservas e ênfases está positivamente associada à mudança de auditor. Adicionalmente, os resultados mostram que existe uma associação positiva entre a mudança de auditor e as dificuldades financeiras da empresa, assim como uma associação negativa com a dimensão do auditor. Este estudo mostra alguma evidência da existência de audit shopping em Portugal.
The objective of this empirical study is to analyse in what extent the continuity of provision of audit services is affected by the opinion of the auditing firm (Auditor). Based on data from a sample of 3,369 companies, based on the Simplified Business Information (IES) of Portuguese companies for the period 2006 to 2009, we found that the issuance of an opinion with emphasis or a qualified opinion with emphasis is positively associated with the change of auditor. Additionally, the results show that there is a positive association between the change of auditor and the financial distress, as well as a negative association with the size of the auditor. This study shows some evidence of the existence of audit shopping in Portugal.
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Dias, Vera de Oliveira. "A imprensa da Corte nos anos de 1860 e 1870:um estudo comparativo dos jornais Opinião Liberal e A Reforma." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=857.

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Esta dissertação objetiva analisar, de maneira comparativa, a interferência dos periódicos Opinião Liberal 1866 e 1870 e A Reforma nos anos de 1869 a 1870, na formação de uma esfera pública no Rio de Janeiro Capital Imperial. Contexto de profunda instabilidade política por que passava o Império do Brasil, considerado pela historiografia como de crise política, que desaguaria em curto prazo no movimento republicano. Nesta fase, a imprensa apresentava um importante papel na constituição do debate público, apesar da escassa, porém atuante opinião pública, além da importância da imprensa como meio de esclarecimento e formação do público leitor. Os temas preferenciais em voga na imprensa política faziam referência aos limites do Liberalismo no Império, a natureza do poder Moderador, a Guerra do Paraguai, a saída do Gabinete Zacarias de Góis e Vasconcelos e subida dos Conservadores.
The present dissertation seeks to analyze, in a comparative form, the interference of the periodicals Opinião Liberal - 1866 to 1870, and A Reforma - 1869 to 1870, in the forming of a public sphere in Rio de Janeiro - Imperial Capital. Context of the profound political instability through which it was passing the Brazilian Empire, considered by the historiography as political crisis, which would flow in a short period into the republican movement. In this phase, we detach the press as an important vehicle in the constitution of the public discussion, in spite the scarce, however active public opinion was also mean of enlightenment and formation of the public reader. T he main subjects in rowing in the political press used to make reference to the limits of the Liberalism at the Empire, the nature of the Moderating Power, the War of Paraguay, the leave of the Zacarias de Góes e Vasconcelos Cabinet, and the rise of the Conservatives.
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Marinova, Zoya. "Opioid and non-opioid activities of the dynorphins /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-593-3/.

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Isherwood, Ruth Jayne. "Opioid-related side-effects and opioid-induced hyperalgesia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6598/.

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Introduction: Opioids are widely used for the management of cancer and chronic non-cancer pain and the maintenance management of patients with a history of substance misuse. Increasingly the use of opioids is being scrutinised as patients are prescribed opioids for longer periods and the long-term effects of the opioids becomes clinically more relevant and evident. Our work has explored the prevalence of opioid-related side-effects in patients who are prescribed opioids and explored the clinically relevant phenomenon of opioid-induced hyperalgesia. . Methods: Patients were recruited who were prescribed opioids for the management of cancer and non-cancer pain or substance misuse. Quantitative data was collected to explore the prevalence and severity of opioid related side-effects, the impact of opioids on cognitive function and the effect of opioids on peripheral nerve function through quantitative sensory testing. Testing the sensory processing of patients who are on opioids has revealed altered thermal thresholds and the presence of wind-up at non-painful sites indicating central sensitisation. Qualitative description was used to explore the patient experience of an episode of opioid toxicity. Results: Patients have a significant burden of side-effects which have often not been recognised by clinicians. Using the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination much more cognitive impairment has been revealed than has previously been recognised. Altered thermal thresholds and wind-up at non-painful sites suggests altered pain processing as a result of opioids. Themes from the qualitative description highlighted the coping strategies patients’ develop when managing with significant side-effects and toxicity, the covert self-management of their pain and the need to exert control. One of the most significant findings from the qualitative research was the finding of altered sensation and pain description associated with other features of opioid toxicity. Conclusions: The impact of opioids on the cognitive function of patients has significant implications in terms of patients’ involvement in decision-making and functioning in everyday life. The qualitative data reflects the burden of side effects and the descriptions of patients suggest that opioid-induced hyperalgesia exists as part of the spectrum of opioid toxicity. This finding may help physicians identify patients who are developing opioid-induced hyperalgesia and allow them to intervene earlier with a proactive approach.
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Martini, Silvia Rosana Modena. "O IBOPE, a opinião pública e o senso comum dos anos 1950 = hábitos, preferências, comportamentos e valores dos moradores dos grandes centros urbanos brasileiros (Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo)." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280598.

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Orientador: Marcelo Siqueira Ridenti
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A modernidade que se desenhava nos anos 1950 nos dois maiores centros urbanos brasileiros, fundamentada na posse e consumo de bens industrializados, contrastava com o Brasil predominantemente rural. À medida que a população se urbanizava, novos produtos, que caracterizavam um padrão de vida urbano e moderno, incorporam-se ao consumo dos brasileiros: o automóvel, a televisão, o aspirador de pó, a enceradeira, a geladeira e centenas de outros produtos, frutos do capitalismo industrial. Desenvolvimento, para a maioria da população, significava a posse destes bens duráveis. Inicialmente, o estilo de vida moderno espraiou-se nos grandes centros urbanos, entre o empresariado e a classe média alta, posteriormente, pela força dos meios de comunicação - rádio e televisão - atingiu as classes menos privilegiadas. As pesquisas de opinião pública do IBOPE ? que fundamentam este trabalho ?, depositadas no Arquivo Edgard Leuenroth, constituem-se em rica fonte documental para quem pretende estudar o comportamento dos moradores dos grandes centros urbanos brasileiros, pois trazem à tona o cotidiano de homens e mulheres que vivenciaram os anos 1950 e passaram a consumir determinados bens, quer seja materiais ou simbólicos, atrelados a um processo mundial: a formação da sociedade de consumo
Abstract: The modernity developed during the years of 1950 at the two biggest brazilian urban centers, based upon ownership and consumption of industrialized goods, diverged from a Brazil predominantly rural. As the population would become urbanized, new products that would feature an urban and modern lifestyle would be added to Brazilians consumptions: cars, television, hoover, floor polisher, refrigerator and hundred of other products as a reward of the industrial capitalism. Development for most people meant the possession of these non perishable goods. Initially the modern lifestyle spread through the big urban centers among entrepreneurs and high middle class, at a later time through the media - radio and television - it reached the less privileged class. The public opinion surveys by IBOPE (Brazilian Institute of Public Opinion and Statistics) from which this paper is based filed at Arquivo Edgard Leuenroth constitute a rich documental source to those who intend to study the behavior of the residents of brazilian big urban centers as they evoke the daily life of men and women who experienced the years of 1950 and started acquiring specific goods either material or symbolic ones attached to a worldwide process: the creation of a consumerism society
Doutorado
Trabalho, Cultura e Ambiente
Doutor em Sociologia
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Chelini, Marie Claire. "Cuidado maternal no opilião Neosadocus maximus (Arachnida: Opiliones)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-14092011-075222/.

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Muitas formas de cuidado parental aumentam a sobrevivência da prole, ao custo de uma diminuição na capacidade dos pais em investir em proles futuras. Espera-se, portanto, que indivíduos parentais adotem estratégias de cuidado que lhes permitam balancear benefícios imediatos e custos futuros, otimizando seu sucesso reprodutivo total. Nesta dissertação, testamos um potencial custo e um benefício do cuidado maternal do opilião Neosadocus maximus, espécie cujas fêmeas desertam suas desovas periodicamente e acrescentam ovos a elas por um período de até duas semanas características únicas entre opiliões com cuidado maternal. Exploramos também quais fatores permitem a deserção temporária das fêmeas de N. maximus. Mais especificamente, testamos as seguintes hipóteses: (1) o cuidado maternal protege os ovos contra predadores, que são mais comuns no período noturno; (2) o cuidado maternal diminui a fecundidade imediata da fêmea; (3) a camada de muco que as fêmeas depositam sobre seus ovos mantém a prole protegida nos momentos de deserção temporária. Nossos resultados apontam que o cuidado maternal é uma proteção eficaz contra o ataque de predadores, sem afetar negativamente a fecundidade imediata das fêmeas. Demonstramos também que a camada de muco mantém os ovos relativamente protegidos na ausência da fêmea guardiã, permitindo que estas se ausentem de suas desovas sem deixar a prole totalmente vulnerável. Sendo assim, a camada de muco que recobre os ovos de N. maximus permite que estas fêmeas minimizem os custos fisiológicos associados ao cuidado maternal sem, entretanto, aumentar os custos da deserção em termos de redução de prole provocada por predação.
Many forms of parental care increase offspring survival, at the cost of a decrease in the parental individuals capacity to invest in a future brood. It is expected, therefore, that parental individuals adopt parental strategies that allow them to balance immediate benefits and future costs, optimizing their total reproductive success. In this thesis, we aimed to identify costs and benefits of maternal care in the harvestman Neosadocus maximus, whose females periodically desert their broods and add eggs to their clutches for up to two weeks unique characteristics among harvestmen with maternal care. We also explored which factors allow N. maximus females to desert their clutches frequently. We tested the following hypothesis: (1) maternal care protects the eggs against predators, especially at night; (2) maternal care decreases the current female fecundity; (3) the mucus coat covering the eggs protects them against predators even in the absence of the guarding female. Our results indicate that maternal care is an effective protection against egg predators, and does not decrease current female fecundity. We also demonstrated that the mucus coat provides effective protection to the eggs in the absence of the guarding female, allowing them to abandon periodically their clutches without leaving the offspring completely vulnerable to predators. The mucus coat covering N. maximus eggs allows these females to minimize the physiological costs of caring, with no severe increase in the cost of deserting in terms of brood reduction by predation.
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Brookshire, Stephen William. "A Novel Bifunctional Opioid That Lacks Traditional Opioid Side Effects." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/243897.

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Prescription opioids, such as morphine, remain an important part in the management of pain. However, their clinical utility can be limited by side effects such as constipation, nausea, and high risk of addiction. Additionally, abuse of prescription opioids has been on the rise in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective analgesics that lack the rewarding properties of currently used opioids. The neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1) and its endogenous ligand, Substance P (SP), have been implicated in the control of nausea and vomiting, as well as mediating the rewarding effects of opioids. Here we have characterized the side effects of a novel efficacious opioid agonist/NK-1 antagonist, TY027. TY027 fails to elicit conditioned place preference, retching or vomiting, and does not inhibit gastric motility. These findings suggest that TY027 has a superior side effect profile when compared to currently used opioids, and most importantly, it does not produce rewarding effects that may lead to addiction.
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Paulino, Maria de Fatima Rodrigues da Silva. "Argumentação e cidadania no artigo de opinião em sala de aula." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8162/tde-17112015-113320/.

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A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar as atividades do professor com gêneros argumentativos em sala de aula e analisar em que medida a preparação dessas atividades contribuem com a escrita do gênero artigo de opinião por alunos do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública do Estado de São Paulo. Seguindo os preceitos dos PCNs e do Currículo do Estado de São Paulo, adotou-se a língua como objeto de estudo da disciplina de Língua Portuguesa, assim como as concepções de gêneros discursivos apoiadas em Bakthin (2003), Marcuschi (2008) e Rojo (2000). Em relação à organização do trabalho pedagógico, apoiados nas orientações de Schneuwly e Dolz (2004) planejou-se uma sequência didática para a produção de artigo de opinião. Tomou-se como produção inicial e produção final as avaliações externas aplicadas, respectivamente, no primeiro e segundo semestre, as AAP (Avaliação de Aprendizagem em processo). As atividades dos materiais didático-pedagógicos utilizados foram selecionadas procurando atender a reflexão sobre as características do gênero formuladas por Rodrigues (2000) Brakling (2000) e outros autores pesquisados. Quanto às estratégias de ensino de produção textual escrita, recorremos a Antunes (2003) e Geraldi (1991), evidenciando as etapas de planejamento e preparo para a produção escrita. A análise das produções, dentro de uma perspectiva enunciativa e interacionista da língua, procurou evidenciar os recursos linguísticos-discursivo empregados pelos alunos para a construção da argumentação. Para melhor compreender o uso desses recursos argumentativos recorreu-se à Retórica de Aristóteles associando-se aos estudos da Nova Retórica de PERELMAN & OLBRECHTS-TYTECA (1996). Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que há uma relação direta entre as escolhas teóricas para a organização do trabalho pedagógico e a melhora da qualidade de escrita dos alunos. Confirmou-se também a hipótese da relevância do ensino dos gêneros argumentativos, pois os alunos-autores demonstraram um posicionamento crítico em relação aos temas abordados nas produções textuais. Houve ganhos quanto à organização e produtividade textual, efeito das atividades de leitura e alimentação temática, mas por outro lado, as fragilidades das atividades específicas para a construção do gênero, aliados aos problemas relativos às propostas sugeridas apontam para uma reorientação do trabalho com o gênero artigo de opinião.
This research aims to investigate teacher-proposed classroom activities involving argumentative genres and analyze the extent up to which the preparation of those activities contribute to the writing of opinion articles of 9th-graders of a public school run by São Paulo state. Based on the National Curriculum Parameters and on the Curriculum of the State of São Paulo, language was embraced as the study object of the discipline Portuguese, along with the conceptions of discourse genres by Bakhtin (2003), Marcuschi (2008), and Rojo (2000). Regarding the organization of the pedagogical work, a didactic sequence based on Schneuwly and Dolzs (2004) guidelines was planned aiming at the writing of an opinion article. The external Evaluations of Learning in Process in the first and in the second semesters were taken respectively as initial and final production. The activities in the didactic-pedagogical materials were selected when in keeping with the reflections on the characteristics of the genre opinion article proposed by Rodrigues (2000), Brakling (2000), among others. As to the teaching strategies of written production, the research resorted to the works of Antunes (2003) and Geraldi (1991), making evident the planning and preparation stages of the written production. The analysis of the productions, from an enunciative and interactional perspective of language, sought to reveal the linguistic-discursive strategies used by students in the construction of argumentation. In order to better understand the use of those strategies, Aristotles Rhetoric was resorted to, as well as the New Rhetoric, by Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (1996). The results of the research suggest that there is a direct relation between the theoretical choices for the organization of the pedagogical work and the improvement observed in student writing. The teaching of argumentative genres proved relevant, as student-authors were able to take a critical stand towards the topics of the written assignments. Improvements were observed regarding text organization and productivity an effect of the reading and topic-related activities; on the other hand, the weak points of the specific activities for genre construction, alongside the problems related to the suggested plans, point to the reorientation of the work with opinion articles.
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Risso, Carla de Araujo. "O ato da sociedade paulista - Opinião pública e censura ao teatro de 1957 a 1968: manifestações populares presentes nos processos do Arquivo Miroel Silveira da Biblioteca da ECA/USP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27152/tde-22052012-162526/.

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Na sociedade de massas, os processos de comunicação dos grupos estão, de modo imediato, sob a influência dos meios de comunicação de massa ou intermediados por líderes de opinião. Partindo de questões como a opinião pública, a identidade cultural e a contextualização histórica e social, esta pesquisa focou-se nos processos de censura ao teatro profissional presentes no Arquivo Miroel Silveira, bem como sobre as páginas dos principais veículos de mídia impressa da cidade de São Paulo. O universo de amostra contemplou peças que contêm abaixo-assinados, telegramas, cartas e manifestos populares em seus processos de censura: Perdoa-me Por Me Traíres, de Nelson Rodrigues (1957), censurada em nome da defesa da moral e dos bons costumes; A Semente, de Gianfrancesco Guarnieri (1961), com encenação restrita a um só teatro por abordar questões ideológicas; e Roda Viva, de Chico Buarque (1968), que depois de dois atentados a depredação do Teatro Ruth Escobar em São Paulo e a agressão ao elenco em Porto Alegre foi censurada pelo Governo Federal. Quanto ao estudo da imprensa, todos os jornais pesquisados mantêm relação cronológica com as peças selecionadas. Paralelamente, efetuou-se uma investigação em Portugal com o objetivo de delinear as relações de poder que estruturam a prática censória nos países de língua portuguesa. A peça escolhida para estudo além-mar foi A Promessa, de Bernardo Santareno (1957), obra que ocasionou protestos durante sua encenação na cidade do Porto. Com essa outra perspectiva, pretendeu-se compreender e caracterizar a cultura, a moral e os valores da época para além das barreiras espaciais, fixando-se no território da estrutura simbólica da língua. Apesar das diferenças em relação à liberdade de imprensa nos dois países no período estudado, verificou-se que a metodologia da censura teatral e as manifestações públicas se davam de forma muito semelhante. Tanto no Brasil como em Portugal, o envolvimento da imprensa nos casos em que ocorreram manifestações públicas pró ou contra a censura teatral seja na divulgação das peças, na divulgação dos autores, ou até mesmo na fomentação de opiniões não foi o único fator a desencadear os eventos. Os casos estudados permitem a conclusão de que a trama do tecido social é permeada por diversos discursos circulantes capazes de influenciar a tomada de atitudes no âmbito de microcosmos sociopolíticos. A partir dessa influência, os pequenos grupos, dispostos a expor as suas opiniões publicamente, adquirem o poder de alterar as deliberações da censura teatral, tanto no sentido de proibição como no sentido de liberação. Na totalidade da amostragem verificou-se que, de alguma forma, a encenação da obra teatral foi prejudicada frente à rejeição de uma parcela, mesmo que minúscula, da população. E é possível concluir que a opinião pública é capaz de alterar as deliberações da censura, tanto no sentido de proibição como no sentido de liberação, ou seja, a Censura não é impermeável à sociedade na qual se estabelece.
In a mass society, the communication processes of small groups are constantly under the influence of the mass media or intermediated by opinion leaders. Based on concepts as public opinion, cultural identity and historical and social contextualization, this study was designed to deal with the censorship process over the theatrical scene in São Paulo, studying the reviews in the press and the previous censorship documents that are in Miroel Silveira Files (ECA/USP). Three plays which contains petitions, telegrams, letters and any sort of popular manifestation were selected: Perdoa-me Por Me Traíres (Forgive me for Cheating Me), by Nelson Rodrigues (1957), was censored in the name of the moral principles; A Semente (The Seed), by Gianfrancesco Guarnieri (1961), a play with the ideological content communism was restricted to one theater; and Roda Viva (The Wheel of Life), by de Chico Buarque (1968), which suffered two attacks by a Command Hunt for Communists (CCC Comando de Caça aos Comunistas) the invasion of Ruth Escobar Theater in São Paulo and the aggression toward the cast in Porto Alegre and was prohibited. In order to establish a parallel between countries that speak Portuguese, this study examines as well the power relations and the practices of censorship in Portugal. The portuguese play chosen was A Promessa (The Promise), by Bernardo Santareno (1957), which motivated some protests in Oporto. Crossing the ocean that separates the two countries and based on the symbolical structures of the languages, this other perspective gave the comprehension of the culture, the moral and the social values at the 50s. Despite the differences in freedom of the press, the research indicated that the methodology of theater censorship and the public protests are very similar in Portugal and Brazil. In both of these places, the public manifestations about censorship happened as consequence of many events, one of them was press reviews. This study allows the conclusion that the social fabric is sewed by intermingled speech, capable of influencing the attitudes in the field of socio-political microcosms. Under this influence, small groups willing to express their opinions have the power of changing the determinations of theater censorship as well as forcing the prohibition or obtaining the liberation. This research indicates that the proper presentations of theater plays were hindered even if a small part of the population felt threatened by their content.
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Bjørkelund, Eivind, and Thomas Hoberg Burnett. "Temporal Opinion Mining." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18845.

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This project explores the possibilities in detecting changes in opinion over time. For this purpose, different techniques and algorithms in opinion mining have been studied and used as a theoretic foundation when developing strategies towards detecting changes in opinions.Different approaches to a system that detects and visualises changes in opinions have been proposed. These approaches include using machine learning techniques like the naiveBayes algorithm and opinion mining techniques based on SentiWordNet. Additionally,feature extraction techniques and the impact of burst detection have been studied.During this project, experiments have been carried out in order to test some of the techniques and algorithms. A data set containing hotel reviews and a prototype have beenbuilt for this purpose, allowing easy support for testing and validation. Results found high accuracy in opinion mining with the lexicon SentiWordNet, and the prototype can detect hotel features and possible reasons for changes in opinion. It can also show "good" and "bad" geographical areas based on hotel reviews.For commercial use, the prototype can help analyse the massive amount of hotel informa-tion published each day by customers, and can help hotel managers analyse their products. It can also be used as a more advanced hotel search engine where users can find extra information in a map user interface.
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Westhoff, André Oliver. "Die Fairness Opinion /." Düsseldorf : IDW-Verl, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015441163&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Pack, Robert P. "Opioid Use Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1335.

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28

Marquardt, Eduard. "Cultura em Opinião." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/86606.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura.
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: Esta dissertação tem por objeto a editoria "Tendências e Cultura" do jornal Opinião, dirigido por Fernando Gasparian e publicado no Rio de Janeiro, pela editora Inúbia, no período de outubro de 1972 a abril de 1977. A pesquisa inclui a catalogação de todos os artigos publicados no espaço da editoria de cultura, um histórico do jornal Opinião, bem como uma descrição de colaboradores, tipos de texto e assuntos da editoria. A partir dessa descrição, estão mapeadas questões relacionadas à crítica cultural, tais como o debate acerca do conceito de cultura, a relação produção crítica e produção artística versus mercado e a função do jornalismo cultural.
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29

Remesic, Michael, Yeon Sun Lee, and Victor J. Hruby. "Cyclic Opioid Peptides." BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621935.

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For decades the opioid receptors have been an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of pain. Since the first discovery of enkephalin, approximately a dozen endogenous opioid peptides have been known to produce opioid activity and analgesia, but their therapeutics have been limited mainly due to low blood brain barrier penetration and poor resistance to proteolytic degradation. One versatile approach to overcome these drawbacks is the cyclization of linear peptides to cyclic peptides with constrained topographical structure. Compared to their linear parents, cyclic analogs exhibit better metabolic stability, lower offtarget toxicity, and improved bioavailability. Extensive structure-activity relationship studies have uncovered promising compounds for the treatment of pain as well as further elucidate structural elements required for selective opioid receptor activity. The benefits that come with employing cyclization can be further enhanced through the generation of polycyclic derivatives. Opioid ligands generally have a short peptide chain and thus the realm of polycyclic peptides has yet to be explored. In this review, a brief history of designing ligands for the opioid receptors, including classic linear and cyclic ligands, is discussed along with recent approaches and successes of cyclic peptide ligands for the receptors. Various scaffolds and approaches to improve bioavailability are elaborated and concluded with a discourse towards polycyclic peptides.
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30

Afshari, Reza. "The cardiovascular effects of opioid analgesics : studies on the role of opioid and non-opioid receptors in man." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28232.

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In this thesis, a series of related studies on opioids are reported. In epidemiological studies of opioid overdose it is shown that opioid overdose has increased 14 times more than other overdoses in Edinburgh in the past 4 decades. I also discussed the predisposing factors for overdose. I developed and calculated a series of toxicity indices for opioids in Scotland, and used hospital discharge data, poisons information statistics (telephone enquiries/TOXBASE accesses) and prescription data to calculate fatality indices (FTI) and minimise the effects of confounders on the traditional FTI which uses only prescription volume as the denominator. I used an identical methodology to relate non-fatal consequences of overdose to prescriptions and proposed toxic morbidity indices (TMIs). I suggest an integrated approach by using both FTIs and TMIs as new methods for toxico-vigilance. Using this methodology I demonstrated that co-proxamol has a10 times excess risk of fatality in comparison to co-codamol and co-dydramol, while TMIs are similar. This demonstrates the inherent toxicity of the drug in overdose, and led, in part, to withdrawal of this drug in the UK. Further I showed in patients that QRS duration is prolonged in co-proxamol overdose, an effect which was dose dependent, suggesting sodium channel blockade as a potential cause of its excess mortality in overdose. I showed from mortality statistics that dihydrocodeine appears safer than methadone. I also estimated diamorphine illicit availability from overdose rates in Edinburgh. I introduced a comparison of mortality from single agent in comparison to multiple agent overdose (MSDPR) as a measure of risk from cointoxications. I showed that diamorphine, morphine and codeine are significantly more dangerous in co-intoxication than other opioids. Studies on the cardiovascular effects of opioids in overdose and in volunteers were then performed. It has been suggested previously that therapeutic doses morphine have no effects on the cardiovascular system in man in the supine position. I first showed acute depressor effects of dihydrocodeine and methadone overdose on peripheral systolic, diastolic, pulse, and aortic and end systolic pressures, and 02 saturation in dihydrocodeine overdose in comparison to a parallel control group. I was able to exclude any effect on arterial stiffness. I showed that 02 saturation under 95% is a marker of haemodynamic depressant effects of dihydrocodeine. Later in a controlled trial in healthy volunteers, I verified the cardiovascular depressor effects of intravenous morphine in doses to a maximum of 16 mg. These effects were not dose dependent. There was also no relationship to change in reaction time, and no major change in plasma concentrations of histamine or catecholamines. Lower 02 saturation, and higher end tidal volume C02 potentially contributed to the haemodynamic effects. I showed that intra venous morphine decreased aortic and peripheral systolic, diastolic, mean, pulse, end systolic, and sitting systolic pressures, while heart rate increased. A number of other indices, stroke index, systemic vascular resistance, ventricular ejection time, peak flow index, ejection ratio, end diastolic index, index of contractibility and acceleration index also decreased. Overall these findings indicate that at these doses morphine decreased afterload, was negatively inotropic, positively chronotropic, had no effect on cardiac work, while maintaining left ventricular performance. In a second study I found that these effects in general were not antagonised by naloxone. Using occlusion plethysmograph and intra arteriolar morphine infusion, I further showed the existence of a peripheral action of morphine on arteries, at higher concentrations 0.6 to 3 microgram/ml, which was dose dependent. Weal, flare and itching also developed rapidly and were dose dependant. Tachyphylaxis to these effects did not develop. By using pre treatment with antihistamines and measurement of plasma histamine I showed that histamine was the prime mediator for both arteriolar and skin effects. The peripheral site of action is likely to be mediated via mast cell release of histamine from arteriolar surrounding supporting tissues, and this effect influences vascular tone in man. The arteriolar effects were antagonised by LNMMA, indicating that nitric oxide release is probably caused by histamine. High concentrations of morphine induce anaphylactoid reactions. The novel observations in this thesis explain this phenomenon and may clarify the pathophysiology of opioid-induced non-cardiac pulmonary oedema, and anaphylactoid reactions. If fluid shifts occur elsewhere in the body this may contribute to hypovolemia in shock, since endogenous opioids are thought to have a role in this situation. These findings suggest that Hi and H2 blockers should be studied in the management of patients with opioid-induced non-cardiac pulmonary oedema, and those receiving high doses of morphine such as in surgery and acute pain. The effects of Ht and H2 blockers in opioid overdose should also be investigated.
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31

Yoo, Ji Hoon. "Receptor studies in opioid receptor and opioid peptide gene knockout mice." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493210.

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is postulated that dynorphin inhibits the cocaine-induced increase in striatal dopamine levels, that may contribute to dynorphin's ability to prevent cocaine induced conditioned place preference and to attenuate an increase in locomotor activity. In this thesis interactions between dynorphin and the dopaminergic system in cocaine addiction have been addressed using preprodynorphin gene knockout mice treated with a chronic "binge" cocaine protocol.
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32

Hill, Rob. "Polydrug opioid abuse & mechanisms of tolerance to opioid respiratory depression." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/b98ef427-32d8-427c-b3fd-03504aba9625.

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The primary cause of fatality in an opioid overdose is opioid induced respiratory depression. In addition to using opioids, polydrug use is common within the opioid using population, with ethanol being the most common additional drug of abuse, though another emerging class of co-abused drugs is the gabapentoids, including pregabalin. Ethanol has previously been shown to reverse morphine but not methadone induced tolerance to morphine respiratory depression, suggesting ethanol intrinsically interacts with maintained tolerance at the m-opioid receptor. This thesis aimed to investigate the development of tolerance to abused opioids, the interaction of ethanol and pregabalin with opioid tolerance, and the potential molecular mechanisms required to maintain opioid tolerance. Morphine, oxycodone, methadone and fentanyl all dose-dependently depressed respiration. Oxycodone did not display any contribution from d- or k-opioid receptors to its respiratory depressant effect. Fentanyl respiratory depression however, was significantly harder to antagonise than morphine respiratory depression, with a 10-fold greater dose of naloxone required, suggesting that the increase in fentanyl overdose deaths requires a re-assessment of first responder guidelines regarding naloxone administration to rescue respiration. Prolonged treatment of mice with morphine, oxycodone and methadone were all able to induce tolerance to morphine respiratory depression. Morphine as the primary metabolite of heroin is likely to interact with both oxycodone and methadone induced tolerance suggesting cross-tolerance between abused opioids will offer some protection from overdose in humans. Morphine and oxycodone tolerance were reversed by ethanol, pregabalin and PKC inhibition, suggesting commonality in the mechanisms by which these agonists induce tolerance. Methadone was contrarily not reversed by any of these treatments. Acute fentanyl tolerance was however reversed by GRK inhibition, indicating a potential delineation in mechanisms of tolerance dependent on agonist efficacy; with lower efficacy agonist predisposed toward G-protein dependent tolerance and higher efficacy agonist predisposed toward GRK dependent tolerance. This thesis provides evidence for the continued necessity of understanding the drugs of concern in opioid polydrug abuse and assessing the reasons for enhanced comorbidity, beyond assuming summation of effect. Additionally, this thesis proposes PKC as the primary mediator of tolerance for both morphine and oxycodone tolerance to respiratory depression with fentanyl tolerance mediated by GRK. Further elucidation of polydrug abuse and mechanisms of tolerance will allow better care for opioid prescribed patients and opioid abusers, as well paving the way for the development of better opioid analgesics.
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33

Ruivo, Mariana Maia. "Opinião pública e política externa: criação de uma tipologia brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-31072015-163443/.

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A finalidade dessa dissertação de mestrado é apresentar uma proposta de criação de tipologia da Opinião Pública em relação à Política Externa Brasileira. Para isso, foi utilizada a pesquisa survey Opinião Pública o Brasil, a América e o Mundo, realizada em 2011 pelo Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicos CDE em parceria com o Instituto de Relações Internacionais da Universidade de São Paulo IRI/USP. E, para a criação da tipologia, foi usada como base a pesquisa de Eugene Wittkof, Faces of Internacionalism Public Opinion in American Foreign Policy (1990), onde abordou os padrões das elites e da massa em relação ao grau de apoio ao envolvimento internacional dos Estados Unidos. Dessa forma, foi criado quatro grupos de atitude em Política Externa: Isolacionista, Internacionalista, Conciliadores e Intervencionista. Para criar a tipologia brasileira, os grupos foram adaptados para a realidade do país e foram recriados: Isolacionista, Internacionalista Soft Line, Internacionalista Moderado e Internacionalista Hard Line. O presente trabalho tomará como base algumas perspectivas teóricas do debate de Análise de Política Externa e de Opinião Pública, com o intuito de buscar entender como a sociedade brasileira opinião pública - se posiciona em relação à postura do Brasil no sistema internacional, através de sua política externa. Para efeito de análise, dois temas foram pré-selecionados, sobre violação de direitos humanos e em caso de golpe contra um governo democraticamente eleito, todos em relação à outro Estado. Além da criação de uma tipologia brasileira, foi realizado o cruzamento entre algumas variáveis para caracterizar os grupos tipológicos. De maneira ampla, os resultados encontrados mostraram que a maioria da opinião pública defende uma postura mais internacionalista moderada do Brasil no Sistema Internacional.
The purpose of this master thesis is to present a proposal for a typology of creating public opinion in relation to the Brazilian Foreign Policy. Within this regard, it is applied the survey \"Public Opinion - Brazil, America and the World\"(held in 2011 by the Centre de Investigación y Docencia Economic - CDE in partnership with the International Relations Institute of the University of São Paulo - IRI / USP), was applied. In order to create a typology, research of Eugene Wittkof, Faces of Internationalism Public Opinion in American Foreign Policy (1990). This research had been addressed the standards of the elites and the mass in relation to the degree of support for international involvement USA. Thus, it was created four attitude groups in Foreign Policy: isolationist, Internationalist, conciliators and Interventional. In order to create the Brazilian typology groups, theses groups have been adapted to the reality of the country as isolationist, Internationalist Soft Line, Internationalist Moderate and Hard Line. The bases of this work it is related to some theoretical perspectives of Foreign Policy Analysis and discussion of public opinion. The main goal is to try to understand how the Brazilian society - public opinion it is positioned in relation to Brazil\'s standards in the international system, through its foreign policy. For purposes of analysis, two topics are selected. The first one is about violation of human rights and the second one, supposing that a coup against a democratically elected government occurs (in relation to another State). It was necessary, to understand the structure of these typological groups. Therefore a cross checking among the variables was realized. Broadly, the results demonstrate that the majority of public opinion advocates to moderate internationalist group, in Brazil in the International System.
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34

Drumond, Jeanine Poock de Almeida. "O Nazismo na percepção dos apoiadores de Hitler: um estudo sobre as cartas enviadas aos NSDAP e ao Estado Nazista (1925-1939)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8210.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This dissertation aimed at analyzing the letters that were sent to Hitler between the years of 1925 and 1939 to understand how power was self-constituted with public opinion. From the letters analyzed, we sought to explain the main events between this period, in view of Hitler's views on his political program (1925-1933) and the Nazi state until the beginning of World War II (1933-1939). Through public opinion we sought to understand the scope of Nazi propaganda and how it influenced voters. The letters analyzed in this research demonstrated a high level of veneration, loyalty and fanaticism by the Nazi leader and from the analyzes we tried to clarify how the process of the seizure took power by the Nazis and how the government of Hitler consolidated in Germany.
Esta dissertação tem como proposta analisar as cartas que foram enviadas para Hitler entre os anos de 1925 a 1939 para entendermos como o poder se auto-constituía com a opinião pública. Buscamos, a partir das cartas analisadas, explicar os principais acontecimentos entre esse período, tendo em vista a opinião dos seguidores de Hitler sobre o seu programa político (1925-1933) e o Estado nazista até o início da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1933-1939). Através da opinião pública buscamos compreender o alcance da propaganda nazista e como ela influenciava os eleitores. As cartas analisadas nesta pesquisa demonstraram um alto nível de veneração, lealdade e fanatismo pelo líder nazista e a partir das análises tentamos esclarecer como se deu o processo da tomada de poder pelos nazistas e como o governo de Hitler se consolidou na Alemanha.
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35

Giwa, Gillian Travia. "Public Opinion about International Trade: assessing the impact of cultural proximity." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/101/101131/tde-04082014-141753/.

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The use of experimental methods in International Relations (I.R.) studies continues to be relatively unpopular, and especially so among the International Political Economy (IPE) research fraternity in Brazil. Notwithstanding, this paper is the product of an experimental survey administered among the undergraduate students\' population at the University of São Paulo in April 2014, in which the hypothesis that cultural proximity mattered to public opinion about trade partners was investigated and subsequently validated. In pretreatment tests, language, religion and social norms and values were identified as proxies for cultural proximity. These were incorporated into four treatment vignettes that described a potential trade partnership in terms of its economic gains as well as the cultural (dis)similarity of the partner country. With the addition of a control condition - having no economic or cultural information - the five vignettes were embedded into questionnaires administered to 503 students across 7 faculties. Treatment effects under all conditions confirmed that people\'s decisions were affected by the cultural indicators. Their contradictory response to descriptive questions however, implies that though their actions may be conducive with culturally influence, people\'s declarations will tend to suggest otherwise.
A utilização de métodos experimentais em estudos de Relações Internacionais (RI) continua sendo relativamente incomum e, particularmente, entre os pesquisadores de Economia Política Internacional (EPI) no Brasil. Não obstante, este trabalho foi o resultado de um survey experimental aplicado entre os alunos de graduação da Universidade de São Paulo em abril de 2014, cuja hipótese de que a proximidade cultural importava para a opinião pública no que tange os parceiros comerciais foi investigada e, posteriormente validada. Nos testes de pré-tratamento, a língua, a religião e as normas e os valores sociais foram identificados como os indicadores para a proximidade cultural. Estes indicadores foram incorporados em quatro vinhetas de tratamento, em que uma parceria comercial foi descrita em termos dos ganhos econômicos, bem como a (não) similaridade cultural do país parceiro. Com a adição de uma condição de controle - em que não havia nenhuma informação econômica ou cultural - as cinco vinhetas foram incluídas em questionários aplicados a 503 estudantes entre 7 faculdades. Havia efeitos do tratamento em todas as condições e, portanto, foi possível confirmar que as decisões das pessoas foram afetadas pelos indicadores culturais. No entanto, as respostas contraditórias às questões descritivas sugeriram que por mais que as ações do público tendem a demonstrar coerência com a influência de atributos culturais, suas declarações verbais tendem a apontar ao contrário.
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36

Barbosa, Taísa. "Opinião Pública: uma análise das consequências na justiça criminal." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6823.

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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Criminologia
A opinião pública e seus desdobramentos na justiça criminal, pode ser considerado uma daquelas temáticas, que conta com uma imensidão de artigos e livros científicos publicados a seu respeito, mas ainda acaba por suscitar várias questões que ainda permanecem sem respostas adequadas. O principal objetivo do presente projeto consistiu em analisar como se relacionam a Opinião Pública e a Justiça Criminal, bem como esta pode influenciar a produção de políticas criminais e a própria atuação dos membros da justiça criminal. É fundamental para o cientista social, ser capaz de compreender as dinâmicas que estão presentes em todo o processo que envolve o exercício por parte dos Estados democráticos, de utilizarem o direito a punição dos seus cidadãos. Nesse sentido, como referencial teórico, recorri a autores clássicos como por exemplo, David Garland (2001) com sua obra “The Culture of Control” , que é referência sobre as respostas ao crime que tem sido adotada pelas sociedades modernas e Roberts. et alii. (2003), com sua obra enriquecedora sobre o Populismo Penal e a Opinião Pública, assim como autores contemporâneos que apresentaram contrapontos importantes para equilibrar cientificamente o trabalho. O presente projeto dividiu-se em duas partes. Primeiro, foi elaborado um enquadramento teórico, baseado em uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o tema alvo desse projeto. Em segundo, foi proposto a tradução de um inquérito de Opinião Pública, adaptado ao contexto português, aprofundado e com bases científicas, que têm como principal objetivo a verificação de qual a percepção, no que tange aos diferentes aspetos da justiça criminal da comunidade residente na área metropolitana do Porto.
Public Opinion and it’s consequences in criminal justice policies has been grealty studied over the decades by the scholarly community, although raise important issues that still remain open. The intent of this project was to analhyze what role does Public Opinion plays when it comes to criminal justice policies as well as this may influence the very performance of criminal justice members. It is fundamental for the social scientist to be able to understand the dynamics that are present throughout the process involving the exercise by Democratic States of using the right to punishment of their citizens. To do it so, I have examined classic authors in these subject, as such as David Garland (2001) with his reference book “The culture of Control” and Roberts. et alii. (2003); with their great book about Penal Populism and Public Opinion. Also I have choosen a few contemporany authors that brought some constrasting points to my Project. To this end, the present Project is divided in two different parts. First, a theoretical framework made through a systematic review of the literature on the subject of this project. Secondly, it was proposed the construction of a Public Opinion survey, deepened and with scientific bases that would have as main objective the verification of the perception regarding the different aspects of criminal justice of the resident community in the metropolitan area of Porto.
N/A
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37

Zhang, Shengwen. "The opioid receptor-like receptor ORL1 signaling and interaction with opioid receptors /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1029419843.

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38

ZHANG, SHENGWEN. "THE OPIOID RECEPTOR-LIKE RECEPTOR ORL1: SIGNALING AND INTERACTION WITH OPIOID RECEPTORS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1029419843.

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39

Fisher, Deborah. "Opioid Withdrawal Signs and Symptoms in the Pediatric Patient during Opioid Tapering." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2719.

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Opioids are used routinely in the pediatric intensive care population for analgesia, sedation, blunting of physiologic responses to stress, and safety. In children, physical dependence may occur in as little as two to three days of continuous opioid therapy. Once the child no longer needs the opioid, the medications are reduced over time. A review of the literature revealed that the majority of the published studies used either a neonatal opioid assessment tool or no assessment tool. A subsequent international survey of pediatric providers found a wide range of opioid tapering practices and sporadic use of opioid withdrawal instruments to guide practice. Since tapering routines vary among practitioners, it is not uncommon to see signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal. A prospective, descriptive study was conducted to describe the frequency of opioid withdrawal signs and symptoms and to identify factors associated with these opioid withdrawal signs and symptoms. The sample of 25 was drawn from all patients, ages 2 weeks to 21 years admitted to the Children’s Hospital of Richmond Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) and who have received continuous infusion or scheduled opioids for at least 5 days. Data collected included: opioid withdrawal score (WAT-1), opioid taper rate (total dose of opioid per day in morphine equivalents per kilogram [MEK]), pretaper peak MEK, pretaper cumulative MEK, number of days of opioid exposure prior to taper, and age. Out of 26 enrolled participants, only 9 (45%) had opioid withdrawal on any given day. In addition, there was limited variability in WAT-1 scores. The most common symptoms notes were diarrhea, vomit, sweat, and fever. For optimal opioid withdrawal assessments, clinicians should use a validated instrument such as the WAT-1 to measure for signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Further research is indicated to examine risk factors for opioid withdrawal in children.
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40

Rudén, Ludvig. "Neurobiology of opioid addiction." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15735.

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Since the use of opioids started to emerge for analgesic reasons in the 19th century with the synthetization of morphine, opioids have been studied rigorously to better understand its effects on the brain. This thesis shows that both the analgesic effects and the reinforcing effects of opioids are mediated by the same receptor, the mu opioid receptor (MOR). MOR activity has been correlated to both primary and secondary reinforcers and should be considered to cause positive reinforcement together with increases in dopamine transmission for all drugs of abuse, and not only in relation to opioids. Opioid tolerance, dependence and even addiction are to some extent thought to relate to opioids’ acute effect of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) superactivation. Based upon these findings, the allostasis theory of addiction is considered to be the most suitable in defining opioid addiction. The theory claims that the mesolimbic dopamine system becomes sensitized, increasing the attractiveness of opioids. This while counteradaptation increases the pleasurable tolerance of opioids, encouraging the user to increase its intake for the same initial reward. Furthermore the theory claims that cAMP superactivation is causing an unfolding effect of neurobiological and neurochemical expressions which leads to the disorder of addiction. cAMP superactivation is mediating the negatively reinforcing aspects of opioid addiction together with changes to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the brain stress system, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the extended amygdala.
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41

Kenski, Vani Moreira 1948. "O fascinio do Opinião." [s.n.], 1990. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/252695.

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Orientador : Juvenal Rodrigues Marcondes Filho
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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42

Hammock, Brookes Grant. "Policing the Opioid Crisis." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1554903889708592.

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43

Volovik, Daniel. "Reinforcement in opinion dynamics." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12872.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
I consider the evolution and acceptance of a new opinion in a population of unaware agents by using physics-based models of contagion spread. These models rely upon agentbased dynamics, in which an agent changes opinion by interactions with neighbors according to specific interactions. Most of these models have the feature that only a single input is required to change the opinion of an agent - an agent has no commitment to its current opinion and accepts a new idea at the slightest provocation. These single-input models fail to account for people's confidence in their own beliefs. Thus I study the concept of social reinforcement - that an agent adopts a new opinion only after multiple reinforcing prompts. Building on single-input models, I introduce two models of opinion spreading that incorporate a social reinforcement mechanism. (a) In the irreversible innovation and in the transient fad spreading models, a development is initially known only to a small portion of the population and subsequently spreads. An individual requires M > 1 interactions with an adopter before adopting the development. The ultimate extent of a transient fad depends critically on the characteristic time the fad keeps the attention of an adopting agent. (b) In the confident voter model, a voter can be in one of two opinion states and can additionally have two levels of commitment to an opinion: confident and vacillating. Upon interacting with an agent of a different opinion, a confident voter becomes less committed, or vacillating, but does not change opinion. However, a vacillating agent changes opinion by interacting with an agent of a different opinion. In two dimensions, the distribution of consensus times is characterized by two distinct times one that scales linearly with N and another that appears to scale as N^3/2. The longer time arises from configurations that fall into long-lived states that consist of multiple single-opinion stripes before consensus is reached.
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Basti, Vida. "Ligand biased signaling of opioid agonists forphosphorylation and regulation of μ -opioid receptors." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Farmakologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-192584.

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Abstract Ligand biased signaling of opioid agonists for phosphorylation andregulation of μ -opioid receptors Student: Vida Basti. Supervisor: Prof Macdonald Christie. Departmement of Neuropharmacology, The University of Sydney. Examiner: Prof Ingrid Nylander. Departement of Phamacology, University of Uppsala. Opioid drugs are of great use in the medical practise. The drugs are commonly prescribed formany types of illnesses, mostly in cases of pain management. Although opioids come withmany benefits they are causing a lot of problems as well. The side effects are many andamongst these is tolerance development which may lead to abuse and addiction. Because ofthe fast tolerance development in patients, higher doses up to 10 times the therapeutic doseare being prescribed. This is a major issue in today’s society and must be addressed.Scientists are trying to figure out the mechanism behind tolerance by comparing differenttypes opioid drugs. Some opioids causes tolerance in a much faster rate than others but it isstill uncertain why and what is causing this. Two of the most commonly prescribed opioidsare oxycodone and morphine and so in this rapport these opioids are compared with respectto their capability to cause internalization in neurons. In the experiments a positive control,DAMGO, is being used as well as a negative control. The method being used is an indirectmethod of immunohistochemistry on AtT20 transfected cell culture. The results show thatOxycodone seems to cause no internalization at all in comparison to the control.
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45

Bilsky, Edward James 1967. "Studies on opioid delta receptor mediated antinociception, opioid antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282311.

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The central hypothesis of this dissertation is that agonists and antagonists acting at the delta opioid receptor will have therapeutic applications in treating acute and chronic pain states and in the treatment of drug addiction. It is further hypothesized that delta compounds will have better therapeutic profiles than currently available opioids that act predominantly at the mu receptor. In advancing the central hypothesis, selective nonpeptidic delta compounds, that readily cross the blood brain barrier after systemic administration, were tested. BW373U86, a nonpeptidic ligand with moderate selectivity and activity at delta opioid receptors represented a lead compound. A structurally related molecule, SNC80, displayed an improved selectivity and activity profile compared to BW373U86. Importantly, SNC80 produced antinociception following systemic administration which was blocked by delta, but not mu, selective antagonists. The pharmacology of delta opioid receptors was further studied using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides that disrupted the synthesis of delta receptors in vivo and in vitro. The experiments provided further evidence for distinct delta receptor subtypes and demonstrated the utility of the antisense approache in studying neurochemical processes in vivo. Several studies addressed the phenomenon of opioid tolerance and physical dependence, two processes which compromise the clinical application of currently available opioid analgesics. The observation that NMDA receptor antagonists block the development of antinociceptive tolerance to repeated administrations of morphine was confirmed. The results were extended by demonstrating that NMDA antagonists did not block antinociceptive tolerance to more selective delta or mu agonists. These studies caution against the generalization that an effect seen with morphine is applicable to all opioid agonists. Further hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of opioid tolerance and physical dependence were tested using inhibitors of protein kinases and putative neutral and inverse opioid antagonists. These studies advanced the hypothesis that opioid receptor phosphorylation may play a critical role in the development of opioid antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence. In summary, this dissertation has provided strong evidence that nonpeptidic delta selective opioid agonists and antagonists can be developed and that these compounds will have therapeutic applications in the treatment of pain and addictive disorders.
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Pires, Marcelo Amanajás. "Dinâmica de epidemias com vacinação e opiniões pró versus anti-vacina: aproximação de campo médio e simulações de Monte Carlo." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3930.

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Empregando ferramentas da Física Estatística investigamos os possíveis cenários macroscópicos que emergem quando acopla-se uma dinâmica de epidemias sob campanha de vacinação com uma dinâmica de opiniões competitivas pró versus anti -vacina. Consideramos a abordagem de campo médio que é topologicamente equivalente a uma rede totalmente conectada. As mudanças de opinião seguem o modelo da Regra da Maioria. Os agentes anti-vacina seguem o modelo suscetível-infectado-suscetível(SIS) com taxas de transmissão λ e recuperação α, enquanto que os agentes a favor da vacinação vão vacinar-se com uma taxa γ, grau de engajamento, caso contrário seguem um modelo SIS com taxas (1 − γ)λ e α. Consideramos que a imunidade conferida pela vacina pode ser perdida com uma taxa de ressuscetibilidade φ. Os resultados analíticos em campo médio e simulações de Monte Carlo revelam um rico diagrama de cenários epidêmicos no curto prazo incluindo uma região onde os agentes pró-vacina mesmo em minoria inicial podem suprimir o surto epidêmico e outra região onde mesmo que toda a população inicial seja pró-vacina ainda há ocorrência de surto epidêmico se o grau de engajamento não for suficientemente alto. No longo prazo também observou-se uma diversidade de cenários interessantes: (i) tanto para φ = 0 quanto φ = 0 6 a pressão social tem um efeito duplo pois ela facilita a presença da fase endêmica quando a maioria inicial é anti-vacina, porém ela dificulta a persistência coletiva do contágio se a maioria inicial é pró-vacina; (ii) a transição de fase ativa-absorvente exibida pelo modelo epidêmico pode ser destruida se o grau de engajamento γ dos agentes pró-vacina é suficientemente alto e a vacina fornece imunidade temporária (φ 6= 0) (iii) para φ = 0 a densidade estacionária de infectados I∞ depende da densidade inicial de agentes pró-vacina de modo não-trivial.
By employing tools from Statistical Physics we investigated the macroscopic scenarios that can emerge from an epidemic spreading with vaccination under the impact of opinion dynamics with agents pro or anti-vaccine. We consider the mean-field approach which is topologically equivalent to a fully-connected network. The opinion changes are ruled by the majority-rule dynamics. Individuals against the vaccination follow a standard susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model with spreading rate λ and recovery rate α, whereas the pro-vaccine individuals are vaccinated with rate γ otherwise they follow a SIS model with rates (1 − γ)λ and α. We consider that vaccine immunity can be lost with rate φ, the resusceptibility rate. Mean-Field calculations and Monte Carlo simulations reveal several interesting results. In the short-time limit we found evidences that: (i) even an initial minority in favor of the vaccination campaign can stop the disease spreading, if its engagement is sufficiently high; (ii) even if the entire population is pro-vaccine, an epidemic outbreaks can still occur if the engagement γ is not high enough. In the long term we also found many interesting macroscopic scenarios: (i) for φ = 0 and φ = 0 6 the social pressure acts as double edged sword since it hinders the disease prevalence when the initial majority is pro-vaccination, but it facilitates the disease persistence when the initial majority is against vaccination; (ii) the active-absorbing phase transition exhibited by the epidemic model can be suppressed if the engagement degree is high enough and the vaccination gives temporary immunity (φ = 0 6 ); (iii) for permanent immunity (φ = 0 ) the stationary density of Infected individuals has a non-trivial dependence on the initial density of pro-vaccine individuals.
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47

Carvalho, Sílvia Mamede de. "O ensino do artigo de opinião: das teorias às atividades didáticas dos apostilados da rede pública paulista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8162/tde-11122015-111913/.

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Esta dissertação trata de questões voltadas ao ensino do gênero artigo de opinião no 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental e tem por propostas conhecer e explicitar de que modo os alunos são orientados quanto à aprendizagem desse gênero e quais resultados se observam quanto aos textos produzidos por esses estudantes. Para tal fim, procedemos à análise do Currículo Oficial de Língua Portuguesa, adotado nas escolas da rede estadual de ensino do Estado de São Paulo, além de descrevermos e analisarmos as atividades propostas para a aprendizagem do artigo de opinião contidas no Caderno do Aluno. Nos textos produzidos pelos alunos, examinamos a estrutura do artigo de opinião e o uso estratégico da língua portuguesa em termos de persuasão. A base teórica que fundamentou nossa investigação está pautada na definição de texto e gênero do discurso de Bakhtin (2011[1959-61]), que concebe a linguagem como um conjunto de práticas sociointeracionais, realizadas por sujeitos históricos e reconhece os gêneros como elementos fundamentais para a comunicação humana. Quanto às estratégias de ensino de produção textual recorremos a Koch (2012; 2013; 2014). No que tange à Argumentação, conceitos e procedimentos que necessitam ser mobilizados na produção de textos argumentativos, recorremos aos pressupostos da Nova Retórica, elaborados por Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005[1958]) e, também aos estudos de Amossy (2011), Aquino (1997) e Koch (2011) referentes ao trabalho com estratégias argumentativas e critérios para a análise de textos argumentativos. Como resultado, observamos um distanciamento entre o que está prescrito no Currículo de Língua Portuguesa e as atividades propostas aos alunos para a aprendizagem do artigo de opinião. Verificamos, ainda, que as Situações de Aprendizagem analisadas não contribuem para uma aprendizagem significativa desse gênero discursivo, uma vez que os encaminhamentos propostos para o ensino da produção textual não possibilitam que os alunos vivenciem a escrita argumentativa como prática social significativa. Quanto à análise das produções textuais dos alunos, constatamos que, embora sejam capazes de assumir um posicionamento claro a respeito da polêmica apresentada, os estudantes apresentam dificuldades tanto na estruturação do artigo de opinião, quanto no emprego dos fatores linguísticos e discursivos que contribuem para a construção da coerência textual.
This dissertation deals with matters related to the teaching of opinion articles in the 9th grade of Elementary Schools. It aims at recognizing and rendering explicit the way in which students are oriented with regard to the learning of this genre and the results that can be obtained from students articles. In order to achieve such a goal, the Official Portuguese Curriculum, which is followed by the schools run by the State Government of São Paulo, was analyzed, and the activities proposed in the Caderno do Aluno (Students Booklet) that intend to enable students to write opinion articles were described and analyzed. The structure and strategic uses of Portuguese in texts written by students were also examined. The theoretical basis for the research was Bakhtins (2011[1959-61]) definition of text and discourse genre, which conceives of language as a set of socio-interactional practices carried out by historical subjects and sees genres as elements that are fundamental to human communication. Kochs (2012; 2013; 2014) works were also used in order to account for the teaching of oral production. With regard to argumentation, concepts and procedures that are necessary for the production of argumentative texts, the research resorted to the theoretical assumptions of the New Rhetoric, developed by Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005[1958]), as well as to studies by Amossy (2011), Aquino (1997) and Koch (2011), which deal with argumentative strategies and criteria for the analysis of argumentative texts. The results obtained suggest that there is a gap between what is prescribed by the Portuguese Curriculum and the activities aiming at the learning of opinion articles that are proposed to students. It was observed that the Learning Situations which were analyzed do not contribute to the meaningful learning of the genre, since the practices do not allow students to experience argumentative writing as a meaningful social practice. As far as the analysis of texts written by students is concerned, it is noticeable that although pupils are able to take stands in relation to the controversial issues they are put in contact with, they have difficulty both in structuring their texts and in employing linguistic and discursive factors that contribute to the construction of textual coherence.
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48

Silva, Ana Carolina Cuofano Gomes da. "O funcionamento dialógico em artigos de opinião dos anos finais do ensino fundamental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8162/tde-25042018-103856/.

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Nesta dissertação, o objetivo é analisar os artigos de opinião produzidos por estudantes dos anos finais do ensino fundamental de uma escola da rede pública da cidade de São Paulo. Está em foco a defesa de um ponto de vista sobre o tema O impeachment de Dilma Rousseff, em que as relações dialógicas foram estabelecidas com diferentes vozes apresentadas em discursos da mídia impressa e digital, no período de abril e maio de 2016. A fundamentação teórica centra-se nos conceitos de M. Bakhtin e o Círculo tais como esfera de circulação, enunciado concreto, discurso citado e na perspectiva ideológica dos estudos de letramento de Brian Street. O artigo de opinião como gênero do discurso está prescrito nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCNs) como texto argumentativo a ser ensinado nas práticas de leitura e de produção escrita. Esta pesquisa apresentou uma proposta didática dialógica a quatro turmas do 9º ano em três momentos: leitura da coletânea, pesquisa e discussão dos textos; produção de texto (versão 1); revisão e produção de texto (versão 2). Tendo a concepção de escrita como um processo de compreensão responsiva foram selecionados 38 artigos a partir de dois critérios: i) o discurso citado: paráfrase, uso de aspas e cópia ii) a formulação expressiva nos títulos. A análise da apreensão dos discursos da coletânea considerou o engendramento ativo dos sujeitos na produção de sentidos e os vários leitores do artigo: colegas de turma e a professora. No conjunto dos artigos de opinião sobre o tema do impeachment de Dilma Rousseff, foram identificadas quatro formas de argumentação: i) paráfrase; ii) uso de aspas na marcação do discurso alheio; iii) cópia de trechos da coletânea; iv) posicionamento valorativo nos títulos. O resultado da produção dos estudantes mostrou uma diversidade de posições a favor ou contra a situação política polarizada entre pró e contra Dilma. Os recursos argumentativos recuperaram os debates tensos e conflitantes que aconteciam nas ruas e no Congresso Nacional brasileiro. E mostraram diferentes compreensões sobre a mesma informação, sinalizando que o trabalho com a escrita não está desvinculado dos contextos sócio-históricos das práticas letradas dos estudantes, mas refletem e refratam os textos-fonte. Compreender cada texto como resposta ao discurso do outro é proposta de atividade dialógica, um trabalho com discurso político nas aulas de português.
This dissertation aims to analyze the opinion upon articles produced by senior elementary school students from a state school in São Paulo, Brazil. It focuses on a point of view regarding the theme \"The Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff \" in which the dialogic relations were established by different voices found in speeches shown in the printed and digital media, between April and May 2016. The central theoretical framework is based on the concepts set by M. Bakhtin and the Circle such as the sphere of circulation\", \"utterance\", \"quoted speech\" as well as on the ideological perspective of Brian Street literacy studies. The opinion article as discourse gender is prescribed in the Brazilian National Curricular Parametres (PCNs) as an argumentative text to be taught in the practices of reading and writing production. This research displayed a didactic dialogic proposal to four 9th grade groups which was divided in three different moments: the reading of the compilation, researches and discussion on the texts; text production (version 1); revision and text production (version 2). Considering the conception of writing as a process of responsive understanding 39 articles were selected based on two criteria: i) the quoted speech: paraphrase, the use of quotation marks and copy; ii) the expressive formulation in the titles. The analysis of the apprehension of the speeches on the collection considered the active engendering of the subjects in the production of meanings and the different readers of the article: classmates and the teacher. In the set of the opinion articles regarding the theme Dilma Rousseffs impeachment, four types of argument were identified: i) paraphrase; ii) the use of quotes in the mark of the others speech, iii) copy of excerpts from the compilation; iv) valuation positioning in the titles. The result of students production showed a diversity of positions in favour or against the polarized political situation between pros and cons about Dilmas impeachment. The argumentative resources recovered the tense and conflicting debates have taken place on the streets and in the Brazilian National Congress. And they showed different understandings of the same information, signaling that the writing project is not detached from the socio-historical contexts of literacy practices of students, but reflect and refract the source texts. Understanding each text as a response to the others speech is the dialogic activity proposed: a work on the political speech in the Portuguese class.
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49

Barbosa, Gislene Aparecida da Silva [UNESP]. "A contribuição da Sequência Didática no desenvolvimento da leitura e da escrita no Ensino Médio: análise dos materiais didáticos “Sequência Didática Artigo de Opinião e “Pontos de Vista”." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92324.

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Secretaria Estadual de Educação
Esta pesquisa, vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia de Presidente Prudente, na linha de pesquisa Infância e Educação, tem por objetivo geral investigar a qualidade de dois materiais didáticos, para ensino da leitura e da escrita do gênero textual artigo de opinião, na escola de Ensino Médio. O primeiro material é “Sequência Didática Artigo de Opinião”, o qual foi produzido para o curso Ensino Médio em Rede – oferecido aos professores pela Secretaria Estadual de Educação de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2004 e 2006. O segundo é “Pontos de Vista”, que acompanha a coleção de materiais da Olimpíada de Língua Portuguesa: Escrevendo o Futuro, a qual teve início em 2008 e está em vigor. O objetivo específico da pesquisa é investigar como estão construídas nos materiais as etapas da sequência didática, a materialização do gênero textual artigo de opinião e a abordagem de leitura e escrita. O procedimento metodológico de análise é a pesquisa documental, que utiliza as duas publicações como fonte primária e decompõe as partes dos materiais para compreender a organização e os conceitos adotados. O referencial teórico básico sustenta-se nos pressupostos bakhtinianos de gêneros discursivos e nas pesquisas desenvolvidas na Universidade de Genebra acerca do procedimento sequência didática...
This research, linked to the Graduate Program in Education, Faculty of Science and Technology of Presidente Prudente, in the search line Childhood and Education, aims to investigate the overall the quality of two textbooks for teaching reading and writing genre oped in school High School. The first material is Instructional Sequence Opinion, which was produced for the program Ensino Médio em Rede - offered to teachers by the State Board of Education of São Paulo between 2004 and 2006. The second is Points of View, which follows the collection of materials Olympics Portuguese: Writing the Future, which began in 2008 and is in effect today. The specific objective of this research is to investigate how materials are constructed in the steps of the instructional sequence, the concept of genre and op-ed approach to reading and writing. The methodological procedure of analysis is the documentary research, which uses the two publications as a primary source and breaks down parts of the material to understand the organization and the concepts adopted. The theoretical base is underpinned by the assumptions of Bakhtinian speech genres and the research developed at the University of Geneva on the procedure instructional sequence... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Carvalho, Tatiane Eulália Mendes de. "Frei Caneca: matriz do jornalismo brasileiro." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2011. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/933.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Analyzing the rhetoric built by Frei Caneca and rebuild his thinking communication, arguing that the activity developed in the press credence as array of Brazilian journalism, are the objectives of this search. This is an exploratory study, supported by bibliographic and documentary sources, with the intention to understand the historical context of the rhetoric an the Brazilian journalism the. To characterize the journalism practiced Frei Caneca was applied mixed methods - qualitative and quantitative - of the content analysis. The Results indicate that Frei Caneca, by the rhetoric, began producing a structured argumentative journalism, because his writing had a theoretical basis. In this way, contributed to the advance of studies of the Journalism Theory to make reading a Brazilian rhetoric and eloquence.
Analisar a retórica construída por Frei Caneca e reconstruir seu pensamento comunicacional, argumentando que a atividade desenvolvida na imprensa o credencia como matriz do jornalismo brasileiro, constituem os objetivos desta pesquisa. Trata-se de estudo exploratório, apoiado em fontes bibliográficas e documentais, com a intenção de compreender o contexto histórico da retórica e do jornalismo brasileiro na época. Para caracterizar o jornalismo praticado por Frei Caneca foi aplicado o método misto quantitativo e qualitativo da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que Frei Caneca, por meio da retórica, iniciou a produção de um jornalismo argumentativo estruturado, pois seus textos tinham base teórica. Desta maneira, contribuiu para o avanço dos estudos de Teoria do Jornalismo ao fazer uma leitura brasileira da retórica e da eloquência.
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