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Journal articles on the topic 'Ophiorrhine A'

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Published: 21 December 2024

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1

Shi, Bao-bao, Hong-Lian Ai, Kai-Ting Duan, Tao Feng, and Ji-Kai Liu. "Ophiorrhines F and G, Key Biogenetic Intermediates of Ophiorrhine Alkaloids from Ophiorrhiza japonica and Their Immunosuppressant Activities." Journal of Natural Products 85, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01085.

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2

Arbain, Dayar, Lindsay T. Byrne,, Dachriyanus, Noversa Evrayoza, and Melvyn V. Sargent. "Bracteatine, a Quaternary Glucoalkaloid from Ophiorrhiza bracteata." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 11 (1997): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97055.

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Extraction of the aerial parts of Ophiorrhiza bracteata Bl. (Rubiaceae) has yielded the known quaternary indole alkaloid ophiorrhizine (1) and the new glucoindole alkaloid bracteatine (2), the structure of which followed from its spectroscopic properties.

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3

Feng, Tao, Kai-Ting Duan, Shi-Jun He, Bin Wu, Yong-Sheng Zheng, Hong-Lian Ai, Zheng-Hui Li, Juan He, Jian-Ping Zuo, and Ji-Kai Liu. "Ophiorrhines A and B, Two Immunosuppressive Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Ophiorrhiza japonica." Organic Letters 20, no. 24 (December 10, 2018): 7926–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03489.

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4

Arbain, Dayar, Lindsay T. Byrne, Deddi Prima Putra, Melvyn V. Sargent, Brian W. Skelton, and Allan H. White. "Ophiorrhizine, a new quaternary indole alkaloid related to cinchonamine, from Ophiorrhiza major Ridl." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, no. 6 (1992): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p19920000663.

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5

ARBAIN, D., L. T. BYRNE, D. P. PUTRA, M. V. SARGENT, B. W. SKELTON, and A. H. WHITE. "ChemInform Abstract: Ophiorrhizine, a New Quaternary Indole Alkaloid Related to Cinchonamine, from Ophiorrhiza major Ridl." ChemInform 23, no. 29 (August 21, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199229268.

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6

FUJII, Tozo, Masashi OHBA, and Shigeki SETO. "Quinolizidines. XXXIII. A Chiral Synthesis of (-)-Ophiorrhizine, a Pentacyclic Quaternary Indole Alkaloid from Ophiorrhiza major RIDL." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 43, no. 1 (1995): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.43.49.

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7

Birina, Bhuyan, and Baruah Sanjib. "On the extended distribution of two species of Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae) from the States of India." Plant Science Today 9, no. 4 (October 19, 2022): 1085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.1769.

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Ophiorrhiza L. (1753: 150) is a pantropical, herbaceous genus distributed with high diversity in South East Asia. Here, 2 members of genus Ophiorrhiza, Ophiorrhiza brunonis var. johnsonii Hook. f. reported as a new record for North East India and Ophiorrhiza fasciculata D. Don for the flora of Assam. Detailed taxonomic descriptions, coloured photographs are provided here for the easy identification of the taxa. Distribution map of the species is also provided.

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8

Sankaran, HAREESH Vadakkoot, Sreekumar Vadakkethil Balakrishnan, PRABHU KUMAR Konikkal Mambetta, NIRMESH Thankappan Kureekadu, and Sreejith Kalpuzha Ashtamoorthy. "Ophiorrhiza sahyadriensis (Rubiaceae), a new species from southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India." Phytotaxa 202, no. 3 (March 13, 2015): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.202.3.6.

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A new species of Ophiorrhiza (Rubiaceae) is described from southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. The new species, Ophiorrhiza sahyadriensis, is similar to Ophiorrhiza brunonis, an endangered species endemic to Western Ghats, to which is compared. Detailed description, distribution, ecology, phenology and relevant taxonomic notes are provided along with colour photographs and illustrations.

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9

FUJII, T., M. OHBA, and S. SETO. "ChemInform Abstract: Quinolizidines. Part 33. A Chiral Synthesis of (-)-Ophiorrhizine (VII), a Pentacyclic Quaternary Indole Alkaloid from Ophiorrhiza major RIDL." ChemInform 26, no. 31 (August 17, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199531221.

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10

Pham, Mai Huong, Thu Hoai Tran, Thi Dung Le, Tung Lam Le, Ha Hoang, and Hoang Ha Chu. "The Complete Chloroplast Genome of An Ophiorrhiza baviensis Drake Species Reveals Its Molecular Structure, Comparative, and Phylogenetic Relationships." Genes 14, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14010227.

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Ophiorrhiza baviensis Drake, a flowering medical plant in the Rubiaceae, exists uncertainly within the Ophiorrhiza genus’ evolutionary relationships. For the first time, the whole chloroplast (cp) genome of an O. baviensis Drake species was sequenced and annotated. Our findings demonstrate that the complete cp genome of O. baviensis is 154,770 bp in size, encoding a total of 128 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNAs, and 33 tRNAs. A total of 59 SSRs were screened in the studied cp genome, along with six highly variable loci, which can be applied to generate significant molecular markers for the Ophiorrhiza genus. The comparative analysis of the O. baviensis cp genome with two published others of the Ophiorrhiza genus revealed a high similarity; however, there were some notable gene rearrangements in the O. densa plastome. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the concatenation of the rps16 gene and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer sequence, indicating a close relationship between the studied O. baviensis and other Ophiorrhiza. This study will provide a theoretical molecular basis for identifying O. baviensis Drake, as well as species of the Ophiorrhiza genus, and contribute to shedding light on the chloroplast genome evolution of Rubiaceae.

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11

HAREESH, VADAKKOOT SANKARAN, ALFRED JOE, and MAMIYIL SABU. "Ophiorrhiza debiana (Rubiaceae, Rubioideae), a new species from North-East India." Phytotaxa 309, no. 3 (June 16, 2017): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.309.3.13.

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A new species of Ophiorrhiza is described from Arunachal Pradesh, North-East India. Ophiorrhiza debiana is compared with O. cordata, a Chinese species. Detailed description, distribution, ecology, phenology and relevant taxonomic notes are provided along with colour photographs.

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12

WU, LEI, VADAKKOOT-SANKARAN HAREESH, and YUN-LIN YU. "The taxonomic identity of Ophiorrhiza rarior and O. mycetiifolia (Rubiaceae)." Phytotaxa 299, no. 2 (March 21, 2017): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.299.2.10.

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Through field observations, recollections at known sites and research on specimens and relevant literature, Ophiorrhiza rarior and O. mycetiifolia are reduced to the synonyms of O. amplifolia. In addition, lectotype of Ophiorrhiza amplifolia is here designated with detailed description, colour photographs, conservation status and distribution map.

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13

HAREESH, VADAKKOOT SANKARAN, and MAMIYIL SABU. "The genus Ophiorrhiza (Rubiaceae) in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India with a new species." Phytotaxa 383, no. 3 (December 18, 2018): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.383.3.3.

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Taxonomic studies on the genus Ophiorrhiza in Andaman and Nicobar Islands resulted in the discovery of a new species from Saddle Peak National Park and Rutland Island. Previously reported species of Ophiorrhiza in these islands are keyed with reference photographs, ethnobotanical notes, and updated distribution maps.

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14

Taher, Muhammad, Siti Syazwani Shaari, Deny Susanti, Dayar Arbain, and Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria. "Genus Ophiorrhiza: A Review of Its Distribution, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Biological Activities and Propagation." Molecules 25, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 2611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112611.

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Almost 50 species of Ophiorrhiza plants were reviewed in this work and the main objective is to critically analyse their distribution, phytochemical content, biological activity, and propagation. Moreover, the information would be useful in promoting the relevant uses of the plant, especially in the medicinal fields based on in vitro and in vivo studies. To this end, scientific sources, including theses, PubMed, Google Scholar, International Islamic University Malaysia IIUM EBSCO, PubChem, and Elsevier, were accessed for publications regarding the Ophiorrhiza genus in this review. Scientific literature regarding the Ophiorrhiza plants revealed their wide distribution across Asia and the neighbouring countries, whereby they were utilised as traditional medicine to treat various diseases. In particular, various active compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, were reported in the plant. Furthermore, the Ophiorrhiza species showed highly diverse biological activities, such as anti-cancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, and more. The genus propagation reported could produce a high quality and quantity of potent anticancer compound, namely camptothecin (CPT). Hence, it is believed that the relevant uses of natural compounds present in the plants can replace the existing crop of synthetic anticancer drugs associated with a multitude of unbearable side effects. Additionally, more future studies on the Ophiorrhiza species should be undertaken to establish the links between its traditional uses, active compounds, and pharmacological activities reported.

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15

Sibi, C. V., P. K. Dintu, R. Renjith, M. V. Krishnaraj, G. Roja, and K. Satheeshkumar. "A New Record of Ophiorrhiza trichocarpon Blume (Rubiaceae: Ophiorrhizeae) from Western Ghats, India: Another Source Plant of Camptothecin." Journal of Scientific Research 4, no. 2 (April 28, 2012): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.9378.

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Ophiorrhiza trichocarpon Blume is newly recorded from Western Ghats, India. A detailed description, with images and relevant notes are provided. Keywords: Ophiorrhiza trichocarpon; Camptothecin; Rubiaceae; Western Ghats; New Record; India. © 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.9378 J. Sci. Res. 4 (2), 529-532 (2012)

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16

Jeyaprakash, Karnan, and Natesan Balachandran. "Ophiorrhiza ripicola Craib (Rubiaceae), a new record to India from Arunachal Pradesh." Biodiversity: Research and Conservation 70 (June 30, 2023): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/biorc.2023.70.5.

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Ophiorrhiza ripicola Craib (Rubiaceae) is reported here for the first time from Arunachal Pradesh, India. It is differing from other Indian Ophiorrhiza species by having triangular stipules, cuneate lamina base, corolla white-purple, 32 mm long, glabrous outside and pubescent inside, and filaments 14 mm long. Detailed description, digital images, distribution, habitat and ecology are presented for easy identification.

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17

Patowary, Rimzim, and Chaman Lal Sharma. "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND THERAPEUTIC USES OF OPHIORRHIZA MUNGOS LINN : A REVIEW." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 03 (March 31, 2023): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/16412.

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Ophiorrhiza mungos L, is an Ayurvedic herb ,belonging to the family Rubiaceae, commonly known asMongoose plant is an ethnobotanically important plant containing Camptothecin as a potent natural bioactive compound. The genus Ophiorrhiza is known to be a natural source of Camptothecin and diverse biological activities. Camptothecin (CPT), a cytotoxic quinoline indole alkaloid is an important source for the synthesis of some of the major anti-cancer agents such as irinotecan and topotecan. O.mungos is a plant which yields contain Camptothecin in a significantly high amount. The plant is gaining recognition due to its diversified medicinal value however it has been categorized as an endangered plant. Alternative method of propagation like tissue culture, cell suspension culture, root culture, seedling culture etc aims at large scale production of the plant. Scientific literature regarding the Ophiorrhiza plants revealed their wide distribution across Asia and the neighbouring countries, where they were utilised as traditional medicine to treat various diseases. Several secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and fatty acids etc, exhibiting anti- bacterial, anti-viral, anti-ulcer, anti-helminthic and anti-venom properties are extracted from various parts of the plant. Here we aim to provide an overview of the importance of Ophiorrhiza mungos , a member of genus Ophiorrhiza its botanical properties, phytochemical and pharmaceutical aspects with interest on camptothecin and its future prospects. The review is an attempt to provide insights in our gap of knowledge that needs concern and bridge the gaps between its bioactive compound, traditional uses and pharmacological activities in an approach to provide long term benefits to society.

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18

HAREESH, VADAKKOOT SANKARAN, WU LEI, ALFRED JOE, and MAMIYIL SABU. "Ophiorrhiza meghalayensis (Rubiaceae: Ophiorrhizeae), a new species from Meghalaya, North-East India." Phytotaxa 307, no. 4 (May 30, 2017): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.4.8.

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A new species of Rubiaceae, Ophiorrhiza meghalayensis Hareesh, A.Joe, M.Sabu & L.Wu is described from Meghalaya, North-East India. This species is allied to Ophiorrhiza caudipetala Deb & Mondal and O. hirsutula Wight ex Hooker but can be distinguished from the latter by its triangular calyx lobes, corolla without villous ring within and deeply keeled corolla lobes. Detailed description, distribution, ecology, phenology and relevant taxonomic notes are provided along with colour photographs.

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19

WU, LEI, WEN-JIAN LIU, and KHANG SINH NGUYEN. "Revision of three taxa of Ophiorrhiza (Rubiaceae) from China." Phytotaxa 387, no. 2 (January 8, 2019): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.387.2.5.

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Through field observations, recollections at known sites and research on specimens and relevant literature, Ophiorrhiza alatiflora H.S.Lo is re-instated; O. alatiflora H.S.Lo var. trichoneura H.S.Lo and O. aureolina H.S.Lo f. qiongyaensis H.S.Lo are reduced to the synonym of O. baviensis Drake and O. subpunicea Craib, respectively. The lectotype of Ophiorrhiza baviensis is here designated. In addition, the detailed description, colour photographs and conservation status of the three species are provided here.

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20

Johnson, Anil J., Renjith Rajan, and Sabulal Baby. "Secondary Metabolites from Ophiorrhiza." Natural Products Journal 8, no. 4 (February 4, 2019): 248–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210315508666180515104735.

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21

Shang, Chao, Jun Xue, Yanjie Yang, Xiaowen Liao, Quanru Liu, and Lei Wu. "Ophiorrhiza reflexa (Rubiaceae), a new species from a karst region in Guangxi, China." PhytoKeys 238 (February 26, 2024): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.238.116767.

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Ophiorrhiza reflexa, a new species from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated in this study. It is morphologically similar to O. alatiflora due to the branched inflorescence, distylous flowers and the tubular-funnelform corolla with five longitudinal wings. The new species can be distinguished from O. alatiflora by its erect inflorescence, its smaller and equal-sized calyx lobes 0.5–0.7 mm long, its corolla tubes winged to the middle and the wings straight and its strongly reflexed corolla lobes at anthesis. Ophiorrhiza reflexa is assessed as least concern (LC) according to IUCN Categories and Criteria.

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22

Krishnakumar, G., K. P. Dintu, Sibi C. Varghese, Deepthi S. Nair, Geethu Gopinath, K. B. Rameshkumar, K. Satheeshkumar, and P. N. Krishnan. "Ophiorrhiza, a promising herbaceous source of the anticancer compound camptothecin." Plant Science Today 7, no. 2 (May 2, 2020): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2020.7.2.660.

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Camptothecin is an important source for the synthesis of some of the major anti-cancer agents such as irinotecan and topotecan. Traditional source of camptothecin are prominently woody plants such as Camptotheca acuminata Decne. and Nothopodytes nimmoniana (Graham) Mabb., and the increasing demand for camptothecin leads to the level of threatening their existence. Ophiorrhiza species composed of herbaceous plants with quick growth characteristics which are reported as alternative source of camptothecin. The present review focus on taxonomical status, traditional uses, biological activities and phytochemical constituents with a special attention in bioproduction of camptothecin from Ophiorrhiza species and its future prospects.

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23

Ganguli, Sumon, Sabbir Howlader, A. K. M. Atique Ullah, Farhana Rumzum Bhuiyan, Aklima A. Akhi, Abid Hasan, Kamol Dey, et al. "Size controlled biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ophiorrhiza mungos, Ophiorrhiza harrisiana and Ophiorrhiza rugosa aqueous leaf extract and their antimicrobial activity." Heliyon 9, no. 5 (May 2023): e16072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16072.

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24

Arbain, D., DP Putra, and MV Sargent. "The Alkaloids of Ophiorrhiza filistipula." Australian Journal of Chemistry 46, no. 7 (1993): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9930977.

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Extraction of the fresh leaves of Ophiorrhiza filistipula ( Rubiaceae ) has yielded the alkaloids normalindine (2), 7-methoxycamptothecin (6) and strictosidinic acid (II). The configurations of the Strychnos alkaloids dolichantoside and isodolichantoside are revised.

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25

Chan, Hsiu-Hui, Chia-Ying Li, Amooru Gangaiah Damu, and Tian-Shung Wu. "Anthraquinones from Ophiorrhiza hayatana OHWI." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 53, no. 10 (2005): 1232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.53.1232.

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26

WU, LEI, VADAKKOOT-SANKARAN HAREESH, and YUN-FEI DENG. "Excluding Ophiorrhiza mungos (Rubiaceae) from Flora of China." Phytotaxa 309, no. 2 (June 13, 2017): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.309.2.11.

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27

Arbain, Dayar, Lindsay T. Byrne, Dachriyanus Jurusan Farmasi, and Melvyn V. Sargent. "Isomalindine-16-carboxylate, a Zwitterionic Alkaloid from Ophiorrhiza cf. communis." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 11 (1997): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97054.

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Extraction of the aerial parts of Ophiorrhiza cf. communisLinn. (Rubiaceae) has yielded the new quaternary zwitterionic alkaloid isomalindine-16-carboxylate (3), the structure of which followed from its spectroscopic properties

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28

Krishnakumar, G., KB Rameshkumar, Priya Srinivas, K. Satheeshkumar, and PN Krishnan. "Estimation of camptothecin and pharmacological evaluation of Ophiorrhiza prostrata D. Don and Ophiorrhiza mungos L." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2, no. 2 (February 2012): S727—S731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60304-9.

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29

Rani, V. K. Jaimsha, P. V. Fijesh, and Jose Padikkala. "Micropropagation of Ophiorrhiza eriantha Wight. through Leaf Explant Cultures." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 20, no. 1 (August 30, 2010): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v20i1.5960.

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Leaf explants of Ophiorrhiza eriantha cultured in MS supplemented with the combination of NAA 4 mg/l and BA 0.5 mg/l induced higher callus growth. The maximum number of shoots were produced from callus on the MS supplemented with BA 5 mg/l. The regenerated shoots were transferred into the auxin containing medium for rooting and IBA 3 mg/l supplemented medium produced maximum number of roots per shoot. Camptothecin (anticancer drug) was isolated from O. eriantha wild grown plant and in vitro regenerated plants, and was confirmed by LC-MS-MS. The camptothecin content in wild grown plant, callus and regenerated plants were quantified by HPLC system. Key words: Camptothecin, Leaf explants, Ophiorrhiza eriantha, Micropropagation D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i1.5960 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(1): 13-20, 2010 (June)

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30

LIU, QIN, AO-XUE CHEN, XIAO-WEN LIAO, QUAN-RU LIU, and LEI WU. "Ophiorrhiza pseudonapoensis (Rubiaceae), a new species from Yunnan, southwestern China." Phytotaxa 607, no. 4 (August 11, 2023): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.607.4.1.

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Ophiorrhiza pseudonapoensis, a new species of Rubiaceae is described and illustrated from China. It was previously confused with O. napoensis but differs from the latter in having 5–10 (vs ca. 1) mm long and persistent (vs caducous) stipules, oblanceolate bracts (vs lanceolate-linear), monostylous (vs heterostylous) flowers, and ensiform (vs narrowly triangular) calyx lobes. Ophiorrhiza pseudonapoensis is also morphologically similar to O. macrocarpa, but can be distinguished from the latter by its 5–10 (vs less than 1) mm long stipules, oblanceolate (vs subulate or linear subulate) and 7–20 (vs less than 5) mm long bracts, and (1.2–)1.5–2(–2.5) (vs 0.4–0.6) mm long calyx lobes. The conservation status was assessed as Least Concern (LC) according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria.

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31

Murugan, Perumal, Vellingiri Ravichandran, and Chidambaram Murugan. "Rediscovery of Ophiorrhiza incarnata C.E.C. Fisch. (Rubiaceae) from the Western Ghats of India after a lapse of 83 years." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 18953–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5888.13.7.18953-18955.

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Ophiorrhiza incarnata C.E.C.Fisch. (Rubiaceae), a threatened plant species of southern Western Ghats is rediscovered from the adjacent area of the type locality after lapse of eight decades. Its distribution and conservation status are discussed.

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32

MURUGAN, P., and C. MURUGAN. "Taxonomy of Ophiorrhiza pectinata: Indo–Lankan Species with Notes on Lectotypification and Identity of Ophiorrhiza falcata (RUBIACEAE)." Phytotaxa 490, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.490.3.6.

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The taxonomy of Ophiorrhiza pectinata Arn., is discussed here with a detailed description, nomenclature, colour photographs and distribution map. Besides, the name O. falcata Bedd., is lectotypified and relegated to a heterotypic synonym of O. pectinata.

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33

Arbain, D., NH Lajis, DP Putra, MV Sargent, BW Skelton, and AH White. "The Alkaloids of Ophiorrhiza cf. ferruginea." Australian Journal of Chemistry 46, no. 7 (1993): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9930969.

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Extraction of the aerial parts of Ophiorrhiza cf. ferruginea ( Rubiaceae ) has yielded the tertiary indole alkaloids dihydrocycloakagerine (1), 3,14-dihydrodecussine (mostuenine) (3) and tetrahydroakagerine (4), and the quaternary indole alkaloid isomalindine (5). The structures of dihydrocycloakagerine (1) and isomalindine (5) are confirmed by the X-ray method.

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34

Maria Theresa, Appukuttan Kamalabai Sreekala, and Jayalakshmi Mohanlal. "Reproductive biology of Ophiorrhiza caudata C.E.C.Fisch. (Rubiaceae), an endemic and endangered creeping perennial herb of the Western Ghats, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 13 (November 26, 2021): 20056–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6741.13.13.20056-20065.

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Ophiorrhiza caudata is a creeping, perennial herb distributed along wet and shady areas. The species is distylous with two distinct floral morphs: pin and thrum. Flowering usually occurs during the monsoon season. No particular difference was noticed in the flowering phenology of the two morphs. Presently the species is self-incompatible, however, it shows a tendency towards intramorph compatibility. Fruit set is above 60% in open pollination and intermorph pollination. Bees and butterflies are the major pollinators. The pollen flow between the two floral morphs varies depending upon floral morphology and pollinators. Fruit is a bi-valved capsule which dehisces by a splashing drop mechanism. The seeds are very minute. The rate of seed germination and seedling establishment in the wild condition is very poor due to adverse climatic factors. Ophiorrhiza caudata is struggling for survival in its natural habitat, where habitat fragmentation, climatic factors and poor seedling establishment could account for its narrow distribution.

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35

Kumar, G. Krishna, A. Muhammed Fayad, and A. Jayakumaran Nair. "Ophiorrhiza mungos var. angustifolia – Estimation of camptothecin and pharmacological screening." Plant Science Today 5, no. 3 (July 17, 2018): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2018.5.3.395.

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Ophiorrhiza mungose var. angustifolia (Thwaites) Hook. f (Family- Rubiaceae) is a recently identified plant from Ophiorrhiza species in Western Ghats of Kerala. The plant is a promising candidate for the production of camptothecin (CPT) - a high value anticancer compound. Preliminary screening of hexane and methanol extract revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, caumarins, steroids, terpeanoids, saponins, carbohydrates and alkaloids. Camptothecin was estimated from methanol extract using high performance liquid chromatography and the level of CPT was 297.94 ± 2.27 µg/g dry weight. The in vitro antioxidant assay revealed both extract showed moderate level of total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ferric chloride reducing power assay, phospho-molybdate assay of total anti-oxidant capacity and nitric oxide scavenging activity assay. Antimicrobial study reveals that only hexane extract inhibits pathogenic bacteria and fungus. Overall these findings will lead to isolation of active compounds other than camptothecin, elucidate them against wider range of bioactivity studies to find new therapeutic principles.

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36

Fujii, Tozo, Masahi Ohba, Shigeki Seto, Melvyn V. Sargent, and Dayar Arbain. "Absolute Stereochemistry of the Pentacyclic Quaternary Indole Alkaloid Ophiorrhizine: Synthetic Incorporation of Cincholoipon Ethyl Ester into (-)-Ophiorrhizine." HETEROCYCLES 38, no. 8 (1994): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-94-6783.

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37

Dachriyanus, Dayar Arbain, Deddi Prima Putra, Melvyn V. Sargent, Revi Susila, and Fatma Sri Wahyuni. "Indole Alkaloids from Two Species of Ophiorrhiza." Australian Journal of Chemistry 53, no. 3 (2000): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch99112.

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Extraction of the aerial parts of Ophiorrhiza rosacea Ridley (Rubiaceae) has yielded harman-2-oxide (1). Extraction of the aerial parts of O. kunstleri King yielded the alkaloids palicoside (3) and 3,14-didehydro-19- methylnormalindine (8). The structures of these compounds followed from their spectroscopic properties.

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38

Bu, Qing, Yang Jin, Meng-Juan Xu, Lei Wu, and Lin-Fu Liang. "Structurally Diverse Metabolites from the Ophiorrhiza japonica Bl. and Their Antioxidant Activities In Vitro and PPARα Agonistic Activities In Silico." Molecules 27, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 5301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165301.

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Ophiorrhiza japonica Bl. is a traditional Chinese materia medica widely used to treat several diseases. Chemical and pharmacological studies on O. japonica have been carried out; however, neither of them has been fully explored. In this study, an array of compounds was isolated from the title plant, including a new anthraquinone, ophiorrhizaquinone A (1), three alkaloids 2–4 and seven other compounds 5–11 with diverse structural types. Additionally, compounds 2, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 11 were isolated from the genus of Ophiorrhiza for the first time. Antioxidant bioassays in vitro using DPPH and ABTS were performed, and the results showed that compound 3 exhibited modest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 0.0321 mg/mL and 0.0319 mg/mL, respectively. An in silico study of PPARα agonistic activities of compounds 2 and 3 was conducted by molecular docking experiments, revealing that both of them occupied the active site of PPARα via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions effectively. This study enriched both the phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of O. japonica.

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39

Bu, Qing, Zeng-Yue Ge, and Lin-Fu Liang. "Chemical and Biological Investigation on the Potential Ornamental Plant Ophiorrhiza chinensis." Agronomy 14, no. 8 (August 22, 2024): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081872.

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An investigation of the potential ornamental plant Ophiorrhiza chinensis H.S. Lo (Rubiaceae) was conducted, which resulted in the discovery of eight structurally diverse compounds, including two triterpenes, two steroids, two anthraquinones, one alkaloid, and one coumarin. These chemical constituents were isolated by repeated column chromatography and identified by analysis of their NMR spectral data. All of these substances were found in this species for the first time, and four of them were first isolated from the genus Ophiorrhiza. The chemotaxonomic importance of these isolates was discussed, indicating four chemotaxonomic markers for O. chinensis. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of these isolates was evaluated by a colorimetric method. As a result, six phytochemicals demonstrated moderate tyrosinase inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging from 25.7 μM to 68.1 μM. Moreover, the binding modes between the active compounds and the mushroom tyrosinase were analyzed preliminarily assisted by molecular docking calculations. This study filled up the knowledge gap of the unreported phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of secondary metabolites from the species O. chinensis.

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Arbain, Dayar, Dachriyanus, Firmansyah, Melvyn V. Sargent, Brian W. Skelton, and Allan H. White. "Unusual indole alkaloids from Ophiorrhiza blumeana Korth." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, no. 16 (1998): 2537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a803547d.

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41

ARBAIN, D., D. P. PUTRA, and M. V. SARENT. "ChemInform Abstract: The Alkaloids of Ophiorrhiza filistipula." ChemInform 24, no. 43 (August 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199343238.

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42

Halford, David A. "The Genus Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae) in Australia." Austrobaileya: A Journal of Plant Systematics 3, no. 3 (1991): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.365761.

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43

DENG, YUNFEI, and YUNFENG HUANG. "Ophiorrhiza loana, a new name for Ophiorrhiza longipes H.S.Lo (Rubiaceae)." Phytotaxa 49, no. 1 (March 22, 2012): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.49.1.5.

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44

OHBA, M., S. SETO, T. FUJII, M. V. SARGENT, and D. ARBAIN. "ChemInform Abstract: Absolute Stereochemistry of the Pentacyclic Quaternary Indole Alkaloid Ophiorrhizine: Synthetic Incorporation of Cincholoipon Ethyl Ester Into (-)-Ophiorrhizine." ChemInform 25, no. 46 (August 18, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199446247.

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45

Yang, Chuan-Dong, Xuan-Ze He, and Guang-Qian Gou. "Ophiorrhiza guizhouensis (Rubiaceae), a new species from Guizhou Province, southwestern China." PhytoKeys 95 (March 6, 2018): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.95.22506.

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In this study, Ophiorrhiza guizhouensis, a new species of Rubiaceae from south-western China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to O. japonica, but differs from the latter by having terete stems which are densely hirtellous, usually persistent ciliate stipules with well-developed colleters inside the base of the stipule, shorter corolla tubes and shorter stamens and styles.

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46

Hong Quang, Bui, Tran Duc Binh, Tran Thi Ngoc Diep, Tran Thi Thuy Duong, and Le Tuan Anh. "Typification and novelties in Rubiaceae for the flora of Vietnam." Academia Journal of Biology 45, no. 1 (March 29, 2023): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2615-9023/17596.

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Four Rubiaceous species viz. Hedyotis diversifolia, Involucrella lithophila, Mouretia larsenii, Ophiorrhiza cana are newly recorded for the flora of Vietnam. Morphology based identification key, taxonomic notes, and photo-plates of the newly reported species are provided. Moreover, the second-step lectotype has been designated for the name Involucrella chereevensis. These findings provide some new basic data essential for biodiversity research in Vietnam. key, taxonomic notes, illustration provided.

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Watase, Ikumi, Hiroshi Sudo, Mami Yamazaki, and Kazuki Saito. "Regeneration of transformed Ophiorrhiza pumila plants producing camptothecin." Plant Biotechnology 21, no. 5 (2004): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.337.

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48

Bhuyan, Birina, and Sanjib Baruah. "Occurrence of vivipary in Ophiorrhiza rugosa Wall. (Rubiaceae)." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 19189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6218.13.8.19189-19190.

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Vivipary is a rare reproductive strategy, has been reported less than 0.1% of angiosperms. The present observation confirms the incidence of true vivipary in medicinally important species Ophiorhiza rugosa Wall. (Rubiaceae) from hill station of Karbi Anglong district of Assam.

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Kitajima, Mariko, Ute Fischer, Mio Nakamura, Mika Ohsawa, Masahiro Ueno, Hiromitsu Takayama, Matthias Unger, Joachim Stöckigt, and Norio Aimi. "Anthraquinones from Ophiorrhiza pumila tissue and cell cultures." Phytochemistry 48, no. 1 (May 1998): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00614-6.

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Xie, Wen-Zhe, Hui-Xiang Yang, Zheng-Hui Li, Tao Feng, and Ji-Kai Liu. "Indole alkaloids from Ophiorrhiza cantoniensis with immunosuppressive activity." Fitoterapia 148 (January 2021): 104777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104777.

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