Relevant bibliographies by topics / OPES

Academic literature on the topic 'OPES'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "OPES"

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Hu, Zhihui, Lingshi Yin, Xiaofeng Wen, Changbo Jiang, Yuannan Long, Jiawei Zhang, and Ruyi Liu. "Organophosphate Esters in China: Fate, Occurrence, and Human Exposure." Toxics 9, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9110310.

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Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers. OPEs have been released into various environments (e.g., water, sediments, dust and air, and soil). To investigate the occurrence and distribution of OPEs in various environments in China, this review collects and discusses the published scientific studies in this field. Chlorinated OPEs, as flame retardants, are the predominant OPEs found in the environment. The analysis of data revealed large concentration variations among microenvironments, including inflowing river water (range: 0.69–10.62 µgL−1), sediments (range: 0.0197–0.234 µg/g), dust (range: 8.706–34.872 µg/g), and open recycling sites’ soil (range: 0.122–2.1 µg/g). Moreover, OPEs can be detected in the air and biota. We highlight the overall view regarding environmental levels of OPEs in different matrices as a starting point to monitor trends for China. The levels of OPEs in the water, sediment, dust, and air of China are still low. However, dust samples from electronic waste workshop sites were more contaminated. Human activities, pesticides, electronics, furniture, paint, plastics and textiles, and wastewater plants are the dominant sources of OPEs. Human exposure routes to OPEs mainly include dermal contact, dust ingestion, inhalation, and dietary intake. The low level of ecological risk and risk to human health indicated a limited threat from OPEs. Furthermore, current challenges and perspectives for future studies are prospected. A criteria inventory of OPEs reflecting the levels of OPEs contamination association among different microenvironments, emerging OPEs, and potential impact of OPEs on human health, particularly for children are needed in China for better investigation.
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Gong, Cheng, and Hong Liao. "A typical weather pattern for ozone pollution events in North China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 22 (November 14, 2019): 13725–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13725-2019.

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Abstract. Ground-level observations, reanalyzed meteorological fields and a 3-D global chemical and transport model (GEOS-Chem) were applied in this study to investigate ozone (O3) pollution events (OPEs) in North China (36.5–40.5∘ N, 114.5–119.5∘ E) during 2014–2017. Ozone pollution days (OPDs) were defined as days with maximum daily averaged 8 h (MDA8) concentrations over North China larger than 160 µg m−3, and OPEs were defined as periods with 3 or more consecutive OPDs. Observations showed that there were 167 OPDs and 27 OPEs in North China during 2014–2017, in which 123 OPDs and 21 OPEs occurred from May to July. We found that OPEs in North China occurred under a typical weather pattern with high daily maximum temperature (Tmax), low relative humidity (RH), anomalous southerlies and divergence in the lower troposphere, an anomalous high-pressure system at 500 hPa, and an anomalous downward air flow from 500 hPa to the surface. Under such a weather pattern, chemical production of O3 was high between 800 and 900 hPa, which was then transported downward to enhance O3 pollution at the surface. A standardized index I_OPE was defined by applying four key meteorological parameters, including Tmax, RH, meridional winds at 850 hPa (V850) and zonal winds at 500 hPa (U500). I_OPE can capture approximately 80 % of the observed OPDs and OPEs, which has implications for forecasting OPEs in North China.
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Zhou, Qi, Zihao Wei, Yanan Xu, and Changhu Xue. "Fibrous and Spherical Aggregates of Ovotransferrin as Stabilizers for Oleogel-Based Pickering Emulsions: Preparation, Characteristics and Curcumin Delivery." Gels 8, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8080517.

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This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of differently shaped aggregates of ovotransferrin (OVT) particles on oleogel-based Pickering emulsions (OPEs). Medium-chain triglyceride oil-based oleogels were constructed using beeswax, and their gel-sol melting temperatures were investigated. Atomic force microscopy confirmed that both OVT fibrils and OVT spheres were successfully prepared, and the three-phase contact angle measurements indicated that fibrous and spherical aggregates of OVT particles possessed great potential to stabilize the OPEs. Afterward, the oil-in-water OPEs were fabricated using oleogel as the oil phase and OVT fibrils/spheres as the emulsifiers. The results revealed that OPEs stabilized with OVT fibrils (FIB-OPEs) presented a higher degree of emulsification, smaller droplet size, better physical stability and stronger apparent viscosity compared with OPEs stabilized with OVT spheres (SPH-OPEs). The freeze–thaw stability test showed that the FIB-OPEs remained stable after three freeze–thaw cycles, while the SPH-OPEs could barely withstand one freeze–thaw cycle. An in vitro digestion study suggested that OVT fibrils conferred distinctly higher lipolysis (46.0%) and bioaccessibility (62.8%) of curcumin to OPEs.
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Yin, Hongling, Jinfeng Liang, Di Wu, Shiping Li, Yi Luo, and Xu Deng. "Measurement report: Seasonality, distribution and sources of organophosphate esters in PM<sub>2.5</sub> from an inland urban city in Southwest China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 14933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14933-2020.

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Abstract. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are contaminants of emerging concern, and studies have concluded that urban areas are a significant source of OPEs. Samples were collected from six ground-based sites located in Chengdu, a typical rapidly developing metropolitan area in Southwest China, and were analyzed for seven OPEs in atmospheric PM2.5 (Σ7 OPEs). The concentrations of Σ7 OPEs in PM2.5 ranged from 5.83 to 6.91 ng m−3, with a mean of 6.6 ± 3.3 ng m−3, and the primary pollutants were tris-(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), which together made up more than 80 % of the Σ7 OPEs. The concentrations of Σ7 OPEs were higher in autumn and winter than in summer. Nonparametric tests showed that there was no significant difference in Σ7 OPE concentrations among the six sampling sites, but the occurrence of unexpectedly high levels of individual OPEs at different sites in autumn might indicate noteworthy emissions. A very strong correlation (R2 = 0.98, p < 0.01) between the OPEs in soil and in PM2.5 was observed. Backward trajectory analysis indicated that the OPEs in PM2.5 were mainly affected by local sources. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the OPEs in PM2.5 were largely sourced from the plastics industry, interior decoration and traffic emission (34.5 %) and the chemical, mechanical and electrical industries (27.8 %), while the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model revealed that the main sources were the plastics industry and indoor source emissions, the food and cosmetics industry and industrial emissions. In contrast to coastal cities, sustained and stable high local emissions in the studied inland city were identified, which is particularly noteworthy. Chlorinated phosphates, especially TCPP and TCEP, had a high content, and their usage and source emissions should be controlled.
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Liu, Wenxin, Hong Zhang, Jiaqi Ding, Wanyu He, Lin Zhu, and Jianfeng Feng. "Waterborne and Dietary Bioaccumulation of Organophosphate Esters in Zooplankton Daphnia magna." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 31, 2022): 9382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159382.

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Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used as an additive in flame retardants, plasticizers, lubricants, consumer chemicals, and foaming agents. They can accumulate in aquatic organisms from water (waterborne exposure) and food (dietary exposure). However, the bioaccumulation characteristics and relative importance of different exposure routes to the bioaccumulation of OPEs are relatively poorly understood. In this study, Daphnia magna were exposed to fo typical OPEs (tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP)), and their toxicokinetics under waterborne and dietary exposure routes were analyzed. For the waterborne exposure route, the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) increased in the order of TBOEP, TCEP, TDCPP, and TPHP, which were consistent with their uptake rate constants. TPHP might have the most substantial accumulation potential while TBOEP may have the smallest potential. In dietary exposure, the depuration rate constants of four OPEs were different from those in the waterborne experiment, which may indicate other depuration mechanisms in two exposure routes. The biomagnification factors (BMFs) of fur OPEs were all below 1, suggesting trophic dilution in the transfer of four OPEs from Scenedesmus obliquus to D. magna. Except for TBOEP, the contributions of dietary exposure were generally lower than waterborne exposure in D. magna under two exposure concentrations. This study provides information on the bioaccumulation and contribution of OPEs in D. magna via different exposure routes and highlights the importance of considering different exposure routes in assessing the risk of OPEs.
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Luo, Haiying, Yanping Xian, Xindong Guo, Donghui Luo, Yuluan Wu, Yujing Lu, and Bao Yang. "Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Organophosphate Esters in Aqueous Samples." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/162465.

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A new technique was established to identify eight organophosphate esters (OPEs) in this work. It utilised dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction in combination with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The type and volume of extraction solvents, dispersion agent, and amount of NaCl were optimized. The target analytes were detected in the range of 1.0–200 µg/L with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9982 to 0.9998, and the detection limits of the analytes were ranged from 0.02 to 0.07 µg/L(S/N=3). The feasibility of this method was demonstrated by identifying OPEs in aqueous samples that exhibited spiked recoveries, which ranged between 48.7% and 58.3% for triethyl phosphate (TEP) as well as between 85.9% and 113% for the other OPEs. The precision was ranged from 3.2% to 9.3% (n=6), and the interprecision was ranged from 2.6% to 12.3% (n=5). Only 2 of the 12 selected samples were tested to be positive for OPEs, and the total concentrations of OPEs in them were 1.1 and 1.6 µg/L, respectively. This method was confirmed to be simple, fast, and accurate for identifying OPEs in aqueous samples.
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Waterstone, Marv. "T(r)Opes: Geographicus Interruptus." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 36, no. 3 (March 2004): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3658.

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Viott, R. C., T. A. Menezes, A. P. G. Mellagi, M. L. Bernardi, I. Wentz, and F. P. Bortolozzo. "Performance of low birth-weight piglets upon protein-energy and/or colostrum supplementation." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 70, no. 4 (August 2018): 1293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9798.

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ABSTRACT The study aimed to investigate the effect of oral protein-energy supplement (OPES) and/or extra colostrum within the first few hours of life on the survival and growth performance of low birth-weight piglets during the suckling period. Based upon nutritional strategy, low-birth-weight piglets (804−1309g) were randomly allocated into four groups: C0S0 (control group, n= 300) - no supplementation; C1S0 (n= 299) - supplementation with 50mL of a colostrum pool through an orogastric tube; C0S1 (n= 298) - oral supplementation with 8mL oral OPES; C1S1 (n= 297) - supplementation with both 50mL of colostrum and 8mL of OPES. The piglets’ body weight was monitored at birth, 24h after birth, on day 7, day 14 and day 20 post-partum. Both colostrum and protein-energy supplementations did not affect (P>0.05) colostrum intake (253.6g; 259.4g; 259.4g; 263.8g for C0S0, C1S0, C0S1, C1S1, respectively), weight gain during the first 24h (62.6g; 68.3g; 67.1g and 69.8g for C0S0, C1S0, C0S1, C1S1, respectively) and pre-weaning mortality (11.3%, 11.4%, 12.4% and 9.4% for C0S0, C1S0, C0S1, C1S1, respectively). Administration of OPES increased (P= 0.032) the average daily weight gain from birth till weaning (189.1 vs. 182.3g) and tended to increase the weight of the piglets (P= 0.060) at weaning (4893.1 vs. 4746.4g for OPES and no OPES, respectively). In conclusion, nutritional manipulation does not affect colostrum intake and pre-weaning mortality of low birth-weight piglets. However, body weight gain during the suckling period and the weight at weaning were observed to be marginally improved by administration of OPES.
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Wang, Xiaotong, Trang Luu, Marc A. Beal, Tara S. Barton-Maclaren, Bernard Robaire, and Barbara F. Hales. "The Effects of Organophosphate Esters Used as Flame Retardants and Plasticizers on Granulosa, Leydig, and Spermatogonial Cells Analyzed Using High-Content Imaging." Toxicological Sciences 186, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfac012.

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Abstract The replacement of regulated brominated flame retardants and plasticizers with organophosphate esters (OPEs) has led to their pervasive presence in the environment and in biological matrices. Further, there is evidence that exposure to some of these chemicals is associated with reproductive toxicity. Using a high-content imaging approach, we assessed the effects of exposure to 9 OPEs on cells related to reproductive function: KGN human granulosa cells, MA-10 mouse Leydig cells, and C18-4 mouse spermatogonial cells. The effects of OPEs were compared with those of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a legacy brominated flame retardant. Alterations in several important cell features, including cell survival, mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, lysosomes, and lipid droplets, were analyzed. Most of the OPEs tested displayed higher cytotoxicity than BDE-47 in all 3 cell lines. Effects on phenotypic parameters were specific for each cell type. Several OPEs increased total mitochondria, decreased lysosomes, increased the total area of lipid droplets, and induced oxidative stress in KGN cells; these endpoints were differentially affected in MA-10 and C18-4 cells. Alterations in cell phenotypes were highly correlated in the 2 steroidogenic cell lines for a few triaryl OPEs. Potency ranking using 2 complementary approaches, Toxicological Prioritization Index analyses and the lowest benchmark concentration/administered equivalent dose method, revealed that while most of the OPEs tested were more potent than BDE-47, others showed little to no effect. We propose that these approaches serve as lines of evidence in a screening strategy to identify the potential for reproductive and endocrine effects of emerging chemicals and assist in regulatory decision-making.
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Fattori, B., P. Giusti, V. Mancini, M. Grosso, M. R. Barillari, L. Bastiani, S. Molinaro, and A. Nacci. "ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA." Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 36, no. 5 (October 2016): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100x-829.

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L’obiettivo di questo studio era quello di confrontare la Videofluoroscopia (VFS), la valutazione endoscopica a fibre ottiche della deglutizione (FEES) e la scintigrafia oro-faringo-esofagea (OPES) per quanto riguarda la caduta pre-deglutitoria, il ristagno post-deglutitorio e l’aspirazione, al fine di valutare l’attendibilità di questi test nel rilevare la disfagia orofaringea. Sessanta pazienti, affetti da disfagia di varia origine, sono stati arruolati nello studio e sottoposti a VFS, FEES e OPES utilizzando un bolo liquido e uno semi-solido. Abbiamo usato la VFS come esame di riferimento. La FEES e la OPES hanno entrambe mostrato una buona sensibilità, con valori complessivi elevati (rispettivamente ≥ 80% e ≥ 90%). Il confronto tra FEES e VFS relativamente alla caduta pre-deglutitoria ha evidenziato una buona specificità (84,4% per i semi-solidi e 86,7% per i liquidi). Nel caso di ristagni post-deglutitori, il confronto tra FEES e VFS ha rivelato una buona validità complessiva (75% per i semi-solidi), con specificità e sensibilità ben equilibrate per i semi-solidi. Il confronto tra OPES e VFS ha dimostrato buona sensibilità (88,6%) e validità complessiva (76,7%) per i liquidi. Il confronto dei dati ottenuti tra FEES e VFS, relativamente all’ aspirazione, ha evidenziato una bassa validità complessiva (≤ 65%). D’altra parte, la OPES ha mostrato una validità complessiva apprezzabile (71,7%). VFS, FEES e OPES sono in grado di rilevare la disfagia oro-faringea. La FEES ha fornito risultati significativi nella valutazione dei ristagni post-deglutitori.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "OPES"

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Li, Jing [Verfasser], and Kay-Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Emeis. "Investigation of long-range transport and chemical fate of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the marine environment / Jing Li ; Betreuer: Kay-Christian Emeis." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203301499/34.

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Li, Jing Verfasser], and Kay-Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] [Emeis. "Investigation of long-range transport and chemical fate of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the marine environment / Jing Li ; Betreuer: Kay-Christian Emeis." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203301499/34.

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Herb, Ulrich. "Chancen im OPUS: Automatisiert SWD-Schlagwörter produzieren." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200901378.

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Die Folien skizzieren einen Projektantrag, der (2008 und überarbeitet 2009) bei der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG eingereicht wurde. Absicht der beiden Antragssteller, des Instituts der Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Angewandten Informationsforschung (IAI, http://www.iai.uni-sb.de/iaide/index.htm) und der Saarländischen Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek (SULB, http://www.sulb.uni-saarland.de), war es, die am IAI entwickelte Software AUTINDEX zur halbautomatischen Verschlagwortung in Open-Access-Repositories einzubinden. Da Autoren große Mühe mit der Verschlagwortung ihrer Dokumente nach der Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) haben, sollten sie, ganz im Sinne des "Easy Submission"-Postulats, beim Enspielen der Dokumente unterstützt werden. Mit Hilfe einer linguistisch intelligenten Software sollten automatisch Schlagwörter aus der SWD zu einem eingereichten Dokument erzeugt und dem Autoren angeboten werden. Dieser hätte anschließend entschieden, welche der angebotenen Schlagwörter er dem Dokument zuweisen möchte. Der typische Workflow beim Einspielen von Dokumenten verlangt vom Autor das Ausfüllen eines Metadatenformulars, idealerweise inklusive der Beschreibung mit SWD-Schlagworten. Da die SWD den Autoren nicht vertraut ist, vergeben diese meist unexakte, zu grobe oder falsche Schlagworte - oder solche, die in der SWD nicht existieren. Daher wird ein aufwändiges Nachbearbeiten seitens des Serverbetreibers nötig, der zwar über Expertise in der SWD-Nutzung verfügt, allerdings das Dokument nicht so exakt beschreiben kann wie es dem Autoren möglich wäre. Für ein exaktes Retrieval wäre es sinnvoll, wenn die Wissenschaftler selbst eine exakte Verschlagwortung vornähmen. Die im mittlerweile leider abgelehnten Antrag geplante prototypische, offene und nachnutzbare Einbindung einer Software zur automatischen Vergabe von SWD-Schlagworten hätte eine erhebliche Erleichterung des Veröffentlichungs- und Bearbeitungsprozesses einerseits und eine Verbesserung der Metadatenqualität andererseits gesichert.
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Maxir, Henrique dos Santos. "O mercado internacional de petróleo: a influência da OPEP e o poder de mercado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-16032016-153002/.

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A criação da Organização dos Países Exportadores de Petróleo (OPEP) foi um marco para o mercado internacional de petróleo. Para a opinião pública a OPEP é um cartel devido aos choques do petróleo ocorridos na década de 1970, porém na literatura econômica não existe consenso sobre a OPEP ser ou não um cartel. Sob a ótica da teoria dos cartéis, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo evidenciar o papel da OPEP e verificar se a mesma exerce poder de mercado, demonstrando aspectos históricos que desencadearam na sua criação e suas principais ações ao longo do tempo. No primeiro artigo, através de uma análise fundamentada na distinção entre os países da OPEP e os Não-OPEP, foram utilizados indicadores sobre o mercado internacional de petróleo, destacando os principais detentores das reservas provadas, os produtores, os consumidores, a evolução dos preços, o comércio internacional, as emissões de CO2 geradas a partir da combustão do combustível fóssil e a ascensão dos biocombustíveis. Os resultados mostraram que a dotação natural é fator determinante na produção e no comércio internacional de petróleo, e que os países membros da OPEP são altamente dependentes das divisas geradas das exportações de petróleo para sustentação de importações de outros bens. Verificou-se que os países da OPEP vêm aumentando seu consumo interno de petróleo, gerando maiores emissões de CO2, o que reforça ainda mais a dependência do petróleo como principal fonte na matriz energética destes países. Neste cenário, os biocombustíveis vêm ganhando espaço principalmente nos países Não-OPEP. A OPEP é uma Organização formada por países, assim seus objetivos vão além da maximização de lucros. Entretanto, as diferenças macroeconômicas entre os membros relacionadas aos diferentes regimes políticos, com objetivos destoantes de curto e de longo prazo, são fatores limitadores na ação coordenada entre os membros. No segundo artigo desta pesquisa, através do modelo estático da Nova Organização Industrial Empírica (New Empirical Industrial Organization - NEIO) foi identificado o grau de poder de mercado no comércio internacional de petróleo no período de janeiro de 2003 até março de 2015. Os resultados mostraram que o mercado internacional de petróleo está distante da estrutura de monopólio ou cartel perfeito, e não são estatisticamente descartadas as hipóteses de competição via Cournot e de competição perfeita.
The establishment of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was a historic milestone for the international oil market. For the public opinion the OPEC is considered as a cartel due to the oil shocks in the 1970s, but in the economic literature there is no consensus if OPEC really acts as cartel. However, we use the theory of cartels to highlight the role of OPEC and identify if there is market power exercise in the international oil market. We present historical aspects that led in OPEC creation and its main actions over time. In the first chapter, we use an analysis based on the distinction between the OPEC and non-OPEC countries. We identify the main countries which holds proven reserves, the major producers, consumers, the trend of price, the international trade, the CO2 emissions generated by the fossil fuel combustion and the rise of biofuels production. The results indicate that the natural endowment is a key factor to the production and international trade of oil, and OPEC members are highly dependent on oil exports revenue to sustain other goods imports. OPEC countries increased domestic oil consumption, generating more CO2 emissions, which demonstrates the increase of oil dependency in the energy matrix of these countries. According to the current scenario, the biofuels production has increased mainly in non-OPEC countries. OPEC is an organization formed by countries and their goals are not only to maximize profits, and so, OPEC is a political union that has stability over the years. However, macroeconomic differences among members related to different political regimes with different shortterm and long-term goals that are limiting factors for coordinated action. Therefore, according to the theory of the cartel formation and sustainability, OPEC has difficulties to fix prices or quantity on the international oil market, the Organization does not behave like a cartel most of the time. In the second chapter the static model of the New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) is used to identify the degree of market power in the international oil market during the period from January 2003 to March 2015. The results indicated that the international oil market is not characterized by a cartel, but are not statistically rejected the hypothesis of Cournot competition nor perfect competition.
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Bass, Cindy Allison. "Investigation of mitigation and detection methods of Open Phase Conditions (OPCs) in nuclear power plants based on the operating experience." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29895.

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Safety in a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is of utmost importance, as the implications of a nuclear event have dire consequences on people, animals, and the environment and on unborn generations. This dissertation is about Open Phase Conditions (OPCs), which occur when one or two of the three electrical phases are lost or open circuited, e.g. one circuit breaker phase doesn’t open or close. The study of this condition is important, as it can affect important-to-safety equipment, which is critical to the safe shutdown systems of the reactor in a nuclear power plant. The OPC can occur in the transmission (TX) switchyard or at the transformers connected to the nuclear plant. It also has the capability to make the offsite supply inoperable, which is the alternate source of power for the nuclear safety systems. As many as sixteen (16) cases of Open Phase events have occurred in different countries worldwide from 1994 till 2015. An event also occurred in the Koeberg Nuclear Power Station (KNPS) in South Africa on the 11th November 2005. When these events occurred, the protection schemes did not “see” nor isolate the condition, as this was discovered to be a design vulnerability. This was due to oversight in the design of the protection to detect this condition. This dissertation seeks to answer the following research question: Is it possible to prevent or mitigate an open phase condition from occurring in the switchyard of a nuclear power plant? Previous work has attempted to address the lack of awareness of people working in close proximity to a Nuclear power station i.e. amongst staff working in the switchyard and operators in a nuclear plant, by sharing the operating experience (OE) of OPC occurrences. The approach to answer the research question lies in the analysis of the awareness of the people involved, as the condition cannot be prevented if it is not known. Case studies of the documented OE were categorised and analysed using a simplified root cause analysis method. A survey was conducted to assess the OPC awareness and perceptions of people in the system operator, i.e. TX division and at the Koeberg nuclear power station, within the Eskom Holdings utility. The results demonstrate that there is insufficient overall knowledge and understanding of this condition within the system operator. Operators in the nuclear plants all over the world have been required by the US Nuclear regulator, to be trained and to be aware of this condition. The results of this dissertation highlight the focus areas in people’s awareness that need attention. And that educating the system operator through training will strengthen the relationship between transmission and the nuclear plant within Eskom holdings.
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Nakashimada, Yachiyo. "Synthesis and characterization of conducting polymers for use in protein chromatography on a mems fabricated micro open parallel plate separators (OPPS)." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1121810289.

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Mooyoung, Son, and Zou Dan. "Open innovation : What to open? What to close?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68995.

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Business management Paradigm is Changing. We used to have big, best, and fast and now it seems that we are having one more paradigm of “Open”. Chesbrough (2003) argued for cooperating between competitors or allies in his article “The era of open innovation”. (ChesbroughH.W, 2003) This research is about open innovation with customer participation. Many organizations built platform to motivate customers to participate the product development process. Hence, we selected three different types of platforms which are full-open, semi-open and closed platform for case study. To compare different perspective from organizations and customers, we will use both of case study of the organizations who opened competencies to the customers and survey of the customers who are creating derivative products. From that case-study and survey result, we aim to figure out what to open and what to close for the organizations that are implementing open innovation strategy. We will suggest a competency pyramid model that helps organizations to divide their competencies into two different sectors: open competency and closed competency. And finally, we will find out what factors are important to make a platform successful.
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Degirmen, Daniel. "Open Hardware: Initial Experiences with Synthesizing Open Cores." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-396388.

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An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract interface between the hardware and the lowest level software, describing the operations a processor must be able to execute. Most commercially successful ISAs are propitiatory, meaning that hardware designers are limited to the design and have to pay for a license if they wish to use it. A new open-source ISA called RISC-V has emerged in order to allow for designers to design and implement their own processors for free. This thesis explores RISC-V as well as the new open-source hardware description language Chisel. A 32 bit RISC-V core nicknamed the "Anhyzer core" is designed and implemented, showing how one can model a RISC-V core in Chisel. The core is limited to the RV32I instruction set, and it was simulated using the hardware simulator Verilator in order to make sure it was functional. This was done by loading instructions into the instruction memory and then running the simulation. The core was able to execute the RV32I instructions, but since it a single-cycle CPU the throughput was low. Experiments showed that there was no difference in performance between theoretically slower instructions and faster ones. The core serves as a proof of concept which can be expanded upon in the future.
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Harrison, Kerrie. "Open spaces /." Title page and introduction only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arh319.pdf.

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Horwitz, Vicki Shana. "Open Borders." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_hontheses/4.

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This paper looks at the topic of immigration from a philosophical standpoint and concludes that an open border policy is morally obligatory. I first argue that immigration cannot act as a corrective to the problems of global poverty as many philosophers have suggested. I then look at two common defenses for restrictive borders, one resting on the cultural community and one on the political community, and conclude that these two defenses are inadequate. The fact that a restrictive policy is morally unjustifiable coupled with my argument that people ought to be able to enjoy a freedom of movement suggests that an open border policy is necessary.
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Books on the topic "OPES"

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Nappo, Salvatore, and Antonio De Simone. --Mitis Sarni opes. Napoli: Denaro libri, 2000.

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Dongen, Ron van. Ops opis. Tucson, Ariz: Nazraeli Press, 2004.

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1937-, Walsh Michael J., ed. Opus Dei : an open book : a reply to The secret world of Opus Dei by Michael Walsh. Dublin: Mercier Press, 1991.

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O'Connor, William. Opus Dei : an open book: A reply to The secret world of Opus Dei by Michael Walsh. Dublin: Mercier Press, 1991.

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Cruzata, Ana Luisa Rodríguez. Opus Dei: Opus hominis. La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 1998.

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Hawken, Scott, Hoon Han, and Chris Pettit, eds. Open Cities | Open Data. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6605-5.

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Stoker, Richard. Open window - open door. London: Regency, 1985.

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Museo nazionale delle arti del XXI secolo (Italy), ed. Open museum open city. [Milan, Italy]: Mousse Publishing, 2014.

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Inc, Recorded Books, ed. Open Heart, Open Mind. New York: Touchstone, 2015.

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McLean, Neil. Open systems - open market. London: British Library, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "OPES"

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Apollonov, Victor V. "Static OPEs Based on Materials with a Porous Structure." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 25–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10753-0_3.

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Dahlhaus, Carl, and Norbert Miller. "»Opus metaphysicum«: Das Musikdrama als symphonische Oper." In Europäische Romantik in der Musik, 916–23. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-00021-7_19.

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Walter, Michael. "Sichtweisen." In Oper, 1–10. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05506-4_1.

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Walter, Michael. "Rahmenbedingungen." In Oper, 11–59. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05506-4_2.

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Walter, Michael. "Organisationsformen." In Oper, 61–218. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05506-4_3.

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Walter, Michael. "Rechtsfragen." In Oper, 219–76. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05506-4_4.

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Walter, Michael. "Die Sänger." In Oper, 277–342. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05506-4_5.

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Walter, Michael. "Autoren." In Oper, 343–64. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05506-4_6.

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Walter, Michael. "Das Opernpublikum." In Oper, 365–413. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05506-4_7.

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Dershowitz, Nachum. "Open. Closed. Open." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 376–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32033-3_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "OPES"

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Guo, Shuxin, and Yunge Mao. "OPES: An On-line Practice and Examination System Based on Web." In 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee.2010.1370.

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Chen, Jun, Hongling Yin, Lin Luo, Fei Peng, Yi Luo, and Xu Deng. "Exploration and Detection of Quantitative Analysis Method of OPEs in Urine." In 2018 7th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection (ICEEP 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceep-18.2018.294.

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Il-Woo Lee, Ho-Jin Park, Kwang-Roh Park, Younghwan Choi, and Sang-Ha Kim. "A scheme using OPES for real-time translation services in digital home networks based on delivery management systems." In 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icact.2006.206349.

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Mirzaei, Hamid, Mona Fathollahi, and Tony Givargis. "OPEB: Open physical environment benchmark for artificial intelligence." In 2017 IEEE 3rd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry - Innovation to Shape the Future for Society and Industry (RTSI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtsi.2017.8065980.

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Waddell, Paul, Alan Borning, Hana Ševčíková, and David Socha. "Opus (the Open Platform for Urban Simulation) and UrbanSim 4." In the 2006 national conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1146598.1146702.

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Xinwen Li. "Notice of Retraction: A new basketball teachining and training method." In 2010 International Conference on Optics, Photonics and Energy Engineering (OPEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/opee.2010.5507962.

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Plyaskina, Nina. "Distribution of Investment Resources among the Agents of a Megaproject based on the Network Model." In 2019 15th International Asian School-Seminar "Optimization Problems of Complex Systems (OPCS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/opcs.2019.8880224.

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"OPCS 2019 Table of Contents." In 2019 15th International Asian School-Seminar "Optimization Problems of Complex Systems (OPCS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/opcs.2019.8880231.

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Sheng Ping. "Study on teaching reform of mining construction engineering based on cultivating student's innovative quality." In 2010 International Conference on Optics, Photonics and Energy Engineering (OPEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/opee.2010.5508069.

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Zhang Shanfeng. "Notice of Retraction: “Starting from site”—Research on the teaching reform for landscape architecture planning and design course." In 2010 International Conference on Optics, Photonics and Energy Engineering (OPEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/opee.2010.5507963.

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Reports on the topic "OPES"

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Barbir, A., R. Penno, R. Chen, M. Hofmann, and H. Orman. An Architecture for Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES). RFC Editor, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3835.

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Rousskov, A., and M. Stecher. HTTP Adaptation with Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES). RFC Editor, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4236.

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Stecher, M., and A. Barbir. Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) SMTP Use Cases. RFC Editor, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4496.

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Beck, A., M. Hofmann, H. Orman, R. Penno, and A. Terzis. Requirements for Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) Callout Protocols. RFC Editor, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3836.

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Barbir, A., and A. Rousskov. Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) Treatment of IAB Considerations. RFC Editor, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3914.

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Rousskov, A. Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) Callout Protocol (OCP) Core. RFC Editor, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4037.

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Barbir, A., E. Burger, R. Chen, S. McHenry, H. Orman, and R. Penno. Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) Use Cases and Deployment Scenarios. RFC Editor, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3752.

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Barbir, A., O. Batuner, B. Srinivas, M. Hofmann, and H. Orman. Security Threats and Risks for Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES). RFC Editor, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3837.

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Barbir, A. Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES) Entities and End Points Communication. RFC Editor, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3897.

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Barbir, A., O. Batuner, A. Beck, T. Chan, and H. Orman. Policy, Authorization, and Enforcement Requirements of the Open Pluggable Edge Services (OPES). RFC Editor, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3838.

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