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1
Möllers, Jan, and Benjamin Schwarz. "Bessel operators on Jordan pairs and small representations of semisimple Lie groups." Journal of Functional Analysis 272, no. 5 (March 2017): 1892–955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2016.10.026.
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Nadjafikhah, M., and A. Mokhtary. "Approximate Hamiltonian Symmetry Groups and Recursion Operators for Perturbed Evolution Equations." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/568632.
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The method of approximate transformation groups, which was proposed by Baikov et al. (1988 and 1996), is extended on Hamiltonian and bi-Hamiltonian systems of evolution equations. Indeed, as a main consequence, this extended procedure is applied in order to compute the approximate conservation laws and approximate recursion operators corresponding to these types of equations. In particular, as an application, a comprehensive analysis of the problem of approximate conservation laws and approximate recursion operators associated to the Gardner equation with the small parameters is presented.
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Badea, Catalin, Vincent Devinck, and Sophie Grivaux. "Escaping a Neighborhood Along a Prescribed Sequence in Lie Groups and Banach Algebras." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 63, no. 3 (October 2, 2019): 484–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/s0008439519000560.
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AbstractIt is shown that Jamison sequences, introduced in 2007 by Badea and Grivaux, arise naturally in the study of topological groups with no small subgroups, of Banach or normed algebra elements whose powers are close to identity along subsequences, and in characterizations of (self-adjoint) positive operators by the accretiveness of some of their powers. The common core of these results is a description of those sequences for which non-identity elements in Lie groups or normed algebras escape an arbitrary small neighborhood of the identity in a number of steps belonging to the given sequence. Several spectral characterizations of Jamison sequences are given, and other related results are proved.
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Zeffane, Rachid. "Gender, individualism–collectivism and individuals’ propensity to trust: A comparative exploratory study." Journal of Management & Organization 26, no. 4 (November 27, 2017): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.57.
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AbstractWe explore the impact of gender, individualism–collectivism on individual’s propensity to trust. The study draws on data from three groups of individuals in the United Arab Emirates: students; (n=370); small business owners/operators (n=324), and employed individuals (n=376). Three main hypotheses are tested. We develop and explore three main hypotheses. Statistical results reveal that females are generally more collectivist and less trusting than their males counterparts. Further analysis revealed that small business/operators are generally more trusting than the other cohorts of respondents. Propensity to trust was also found to be strongly associated with collectivist (rather than individualist) aspirations. Implications for future research and management practice are discussed.
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Haavik, Kjetil E. "Extended use of receiver groups: Theory, synthetic example, and noise considerations." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 6 (October 13, 2020): P53—P66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0624.1.
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Receiver grouping is commonly used in marine towed-streamer seismic acquisition. Measurements from several receivers in a group are stacked to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the resulting data and form an analog spatial antialiasing filter. I propose a method for extracting inline derivatives of the wavefield as additional measurements from the groups. This is achieved by multiplying the signal from the individual receivers in a group with predefined weights that corresponds to a finite-difference (FD) operator. The inline derivative(s) makes it possible to use multichannel sampling theorems to reconstruct the signal on a denser grid. Extraction of FD data from clusters of receivers is not a new concept, but I find that, by using the geometry of conventional streamer groups, it is possible to obtain FD data which are well suited for multichannel interpolation. The key to finding suitable FD operators is to recognize that it is not the ideal differentiation response we seek, but the impulse response of the group multiplied with the ideal differentiation response. Furthermore, under a Gaussian noise assumption, I derive formulas for the resulting noise level from sinc and higher order sinc interpolations. I find that the random noise level in the reconstructed data, when using higher order sinc interpolation, is expected to be higher than when using conventional sinc interpolation and will vary with respect to the distance from the original sampling points. The statistical analysis shows that it is beneficial to find FD operators with as small an [Formula: see text] norm as possible. A synthetic example shows that the proposed method of extracting FD operators and subsequent interpolation works very well. I foresee that the proposed method can be used to reduce the density of receivers (hydrophones or geophones) when designing new streamers or with existing equipment to improve the inline sampling.
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Barton, Susan S., Jo Mercer, and Charles J. Molnar. "Using Focus Groups to Determine Market Potential for Wildflower Sod." HortTechnology 6, no. 3 (July 1996): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.6.3.271.
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Two focus-group sessions were conducted to determine the market potential of a new horticultural product—wildflower sod. One session included homeowners with suburban lots and an interest in wildflowers. Another session included landscape professionals, property managers, and garden center operators. Participants viewed a slide presentation about the uses of wildflowers and wildflower sod, a videotape illustrating wildflower sod installation, and a demonstration plot planted with wildflower sod. The discussion was conducted by an unbiased facilitator. Participants cited the instant effect of wildflower sod as a major advantage. The price was viewed as acceptable for small areas, especially if sod was broken apart and spaced as plugs. Comments from the participants were used to develop an ideal product description and yielded merchandising recommendations.
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Duglio, Bonadonna, Letey, Peira, Zavattaro, and Lombardi. "Tourism Development in Inner Mountain Areas—The Local Stakeholders’ Point of View through a Mixed Method Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 5997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215997.
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Tourism in inner areas, especially in the mountains, is a complex phenomenon due to the different tourist’s needs and to the specific local features that vary considerably from one destination to another. Consequently, a unique tourism development strategy cannot be defined and adopted anywhere. When considering tourism-based territorial development in mountain areas, it is crucial to take the vision of local stakeholders into consideration. To drive different and/or unexpressed opinions towards shared tools, this study analyses the local stakeholder’s point of view using a mixed method consisting of a Delphi method followed by a Group Nominal Technique. The research was performed in Soana Valley, a small mountain community in the Northwestern Italian Alps. It involved 17 local stakeholders divided into three main groups—local administrators (n = 3), hospitality operators (9) and retailers (5). Results show how operators converge on three common aspects—local food product offering, territorial promotion and collaboration among operators, on which the community should focus to build a territorial integrated tourism offering.
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Barton, S. S., and J. Mercer. "An Evaluation of Focus Groups as a Technique to Determine the Market Potential for Wildflower Sod." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 891E—891. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.891e.
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Two focus group sessions were conducted to determine the market potential for a new horticultural product, wildflower sod. One session included homeowners with suburban lots and an interest in wildflowers. Another session included landscape professionals, property managers, and garden center operators. Participants viewed a slide presentation about the uses of wildflowers and wildflower sod; a videotape illustrating wildflower sod installation; and a demonstration plot with wildflower sod planted at different spacings (solid, 50%, 25%, or plugs at 1”, 18”, or 24” centers) and at different times of year (fall, spring). The discussion was conducted by an unbiased facilitator. Participants cited the instant effect of wildflower sod as a major advantage. The price was viewed as acceptable for small areas, especially if sod was broken apart and spaced as plugs. Comments from participants were also used to develop an ideal product description and a marketing plan.
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Korsun, O. N., and E. I. Mikhaylov. "Identification of the Pilot as Part of the Crew Using Speech Spectral Transfer Function." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Instrument Engineering, no. 5 (128) (October 2019): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3933-2019-5-35-48.
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The paper deals with the problem of voice identification of the pilot as part of the crew, which is one of the ways to improve the interface of the cockpit of a modern aircraft. The main trends of pilot voice identification in the task of improving the cockpit interface are voice control of onboard equipment and accident investigation. We introduce a method for identifying the speakers personality using the speakers voice transfer function by frequency and the k-nearest neighbors data classification algorithm. Due to the nature of the task, identification was carried out for small groups of operators of up to four people. The main results of testing the proposed method on the experimental speech data that include 3 and 20 different isolated words are given. Findings of research show that the operator can be identified by a small number of code words with an accuracy of about 97--99 % when using the speakers voice transfer function by frequency. The paper also presents a comparison of the results of applying the methodology for pilots of helicopter aviation with the diagnosis of hearing loss and for a group of operators without diseases of the organs of hearing.
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Syahyuti, K. S. Indraningsih, D. K. S. Swastika, S. H. Susilowati, and S. Suharyono. "The role of stakeholders to support implementation of modern agricultural programs." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012024.
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Abstract The Ministry of Agriculture has implemented the Modern Agriculture Program since 2016 by distributing agricultural machinery to farmers, in order to improve Indonesian agriculture which is characterized by small scale, low productivity, low labor productivity, and national production that is not self-sufficient. The objective of this research is to analyze the role of stakeholders to support the implementation of the programs. South Sulawesi was chosen purposively as the research location. The interviewees are service institutions from central to regional, key informants, farmer groups, extension agents, agricultural machinery service providers, and individual farmers. The analysis used was stakeholder analysis. The results showed that the main actors in the Modern Agricultural Program were machinery operators and UPJA administrators. The beneficiaries of Modern Agricultural services are mainly the share and tenant farmers. The machinery operators have the strongest position. In terms of the external network, the machinery operators and “area brokers” are the most important parties and determine the operation of the machinery. In order for the Modern Agriculture Program to provide positive benefits to all parties, it is necessary to strive for a system of work with fair profit sharing and to provide wider opportunities for businessmen to take part in the program.
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Cheng, Yu, Xu Chen, Xiaohua Ding, and Linting Zeng. "Optimizing Location of Car-Sharing Stations Based on Potential Travel Demand and Present Operation Characteristics: The Case of Chengdu." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (January 20, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7546303.
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Car-sharing is becoming an increasingly popular travel mode in China and many companies invest plenty of money on that including vehicle enterprises and Internet companies. But most of them build car-sharing stations by their experience or randomly as long as there is parking space in the early development of their business. This results in many stations with low operational efficiency and causes capital loss. This study aims to use different data source with statistical models and machine learning algorithm to help car-sharing operator to choose the optimal location of new stations and adjust the location of existing stations. We select Chengdu where there are huge amounts of car-sharing travel demand and several large car-sharing operators as the research area and two main operators as the research objects. Chengdu is divided into 58724 squared grids each of which is 0.5km⁎0.5km instead of focusing on the buffers generated by stations. We try to find a model to estimate a potential travel demand value for each small grid with three data sources: order data, population data, and Point of Interest (POI) data. This problem is transformed into a binary form and five different methods, Logistic Regression, Logistic Regression with LASSO, Naive Bayes, Linear Discriminant Analysis, and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis, are implemented. The optimal model, Logistic Regression with LASSO, is chosen to estimate the probability of existence of demand in all grids. With car-sharing order data from different operators, an existing order heat value is also computed for each grid. Then we analyze and classify all the grids into four groups. For different groups of grids, we give different suggestions on the optimal location of stations. This study focuses on a more competitive market and finds the influential factors on order number. Suggestions on the optimal location of stations are given in consideration of competitors. We hope that our research can help operators improve their business and make rational plans.
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Ren, Hainan, Naoko Mori, Minami Hirasawa, Shin Hamada, Shunji Mugikura, Atsushi Masamune, and Kei Takase. "Abnormal Findings on “T1WI or DWI or MRCP:” An Effective Boolean Interpretation Model in Discriminating Small Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma from Control Group." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 11 (October 12, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jcis_158_2021.
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Objectives: The objectives of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of findings on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) separately and to identify an optimal Boolean interpretation model for discriminating patients with small pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from control groups in clinical practice. Material and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 30 patients with surgery confirmed small PDAC (≤20 mm) and 302 patients without pancreatic abnormality between April 2008 and February 2020. The presence of masses was evaluated by T1WI, T2WI, and DWI. Abnormality of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) was evaluated by T2WI and MRCP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to select significant sequences for discriminating the small PDAC and control groups. Boolean operators “OR” or “AND” were used to construct sequence combinations. Diagnostic performances of these sequences and combinations were evaluated by X2 tests. Results: The sensitivity of T2WI was lowest (20%) for detecting masses. For evaluating MPD abnormality, sensitivity was higher for MRCP than for T2WI (86.7% vs. 53.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that T1WI and DWI for detecting the presence of masses and MRCP for evaluating MPD abnormality were significantly associated with differentiation between the two groups (P = 0.0002, P = 0.0484, and P < 0.0001, respectively). Seven combinations were constructed with T1WI, DWI, and MRCP. The combination of findings on “T1WI or DWI or MRCP” achieved the highest sensitivity of 96.7% and negative predictive value of 99.6%. Conclusion: The combination of findings on “T1WI or DWI or MRCP” might be an optimal interpretation model for discriminating small PDAC from control groups in clinical practice.
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Marra, A., P. Dell’Aquila, A. Di Leo, and M. B. Principi. "P270 Ultrasonography interobserver agreement in Crohn Disease between experienced and non expert operators." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 16, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2022): i309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab232.397.
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Abstract Background Bowel ultrasound (US) is a safe, noninvasive, accessible, reproducible, and cost-effective resource technique for assessing bowel inflammation in CD. Despite the performance and advantages of bowel US, its incorporation into routine gastroenterology practice is internationally inconsistent. To date, this technique is often branded as ‘‘operator -dependent’’ and it has value only in expert hands. Nevertheless, some evidence showed that bowel US in CD could be standardized with a good reproducibility among expert operators. This result has been confirmed more recently. Interobserver agreement between operation with several degree of experience in bowel US and its learning curve need to be investigated further. The aim of this study is to assess the interobserver agreement between experienced and non-experts sonographers in the evaluation of established bowel US parameters used in CD. Methods Twenty-eight patients with an established diagnosis of CD underwent bowel US examination by an experienced sonographer. After baseline examination, a small intestine contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (SICUS) by use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was also be performed. Every exam was recorded and for each segment of the bowel a videotape was registered at baseline and after PEG intake. Every video was showed to both 10 blinded expert and 10 blinded non- expert operators. Interobserver agreement was scored by kappa statistics and AC1. Results Agreement among 16 sonographers for the evaluation of bowel wall thickening was high (K = 0.70; AC1 = 0.82), comparable between expert operators (K = 0.72; AC1 = 0.81) and non-experts (K = 0.69; AC1 = 0.83). Agreement was moderate for stratification and vascularization according to Cohen’s analysis (k = 0.60), and excellent at AC1 with values of 0.90 and 0.84, respectively. The presence of lymph nodes was reproducible in both groups with k values of 0.41 and 0.51, whereas that on abdominal free fluid was poor (0.09- 0.16). For the evaluation of complications (stenosis, fistulas, abscesses), the agreement differs significantly, resulting poor with Cohen’s K (0.14–0.37) and excellent with AC1 analysis (0.98-0.94), in both groups. Conclusion In this study, most of the US parameters used in CD showed moderate/substantial agreement without any significant difference between experienced and non-expert operators. A different agreement based on the statistical analysis for some parameters was observed. Standardized training between operators would be useful to reduce the variability of the learning curve.
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Clauss, Günther F., and Christian E. Schmittner. "Experimental Optimization of Extreme Wave Sequences for the Deterministic Analysis of Wave/Structure Interaction." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 129, no. 1 (October 1, 2006): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2426984.
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For the deterministic analysis of wave/structure interaction in the sense of cause-reaction chains, and for analyzing structure responses due to special wave sequences (e.g., three sisters phenomenon or other rogue wave groups) methods for the precise generation of tailored wave sequences are required. Applying conventional wave generation methods, the creation of wave trains satisfying given local wave parameters, and the generation of wave groups with predefined characteristics is often difficult or impossible, if sufficient accuracy is required. In this paper we present an optimization approach for the experimental generation of wave sequences with defined characteristics. The method is applied to generate scenarios with a single high wave superimposed to irregular seas. The optimization process is carried out in a small wave tank. The resulting control signal is then transferred to a large wave tank considering the electrical, hydraulic and hydrodynamical response amplitude operators (RAOs) of the respective wave generator in order to investigate wave/structure interaction at a large scale.
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Pons, Wendy, Andria Jones-Bitton, Steven Lam, Scott A. McEwen, Katarina Pintar, Ian Young, and Andrew Papadopoulos. "A qualitative study of the experiences and information needs of public health inspectors that inspect small drinking water systems in Ontario, Canada." Environmental Health Review 62, no. 3 (October 2019): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5864/d2019-022.
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Public health inspectors (PHIs) play an important role in enforcing the regulation and monitoring of approximately 9000 small noncommunity drinking water systems across Ontario. These small drinking water systems (SDWS) are diverse and face unique challenges. The purpose of this research was to explore PHIs’ insights and needs related to these SDWS in Ontario, Canada, to inform future policy and training initiatives to support safe drinking water. Data were collected through teleconference-conducted focus groups. Transcripts were analyzed and three major themes were found: the operator–PHI relationship, PHI training and information needs, and operational challenges. Overall, participants reported that they felt confident in their ability to inspect SDWSs. Main concerns to water safety were the technical ability of the water operator to manage their water supply and the impact of having a long time period between inspections of water systems. Future research should explore the cost-benefit of increasing inspection frequency in SDWSs and a variety of training and education initiatives for PHIs and operators of SDWSs.
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Park, Doo-Young, Kanghwa Choi, and Dae-Han Kang. "Measuring the Meta Efficiency and Its Determinants on Efficiency in the Korean Coffee Shop Franchise." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 2398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062398.
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Previous applications of DEA (data envelopment analysis) models in the field of franchising have been scarce. In particular, measurement and analysis of the operational efficiency of coffee shop franchisors in the explosively growing coffee market in Korea is required. In this study, we categorize 29 Korean coffee shop franchisors into three groups according to their number of franchisees and employ the metafrontier analysis to measure the efficiency of coffee shop franchisors from 2015 to 2018. Based on the results of metafrontier DEA, this study identifies sources of inefficiency within individual coffee shop franchisors to provide insights for coffee franchise operators and investigates efficiency differences between small-chain and medium-chain coffee shop franchisors. Furthermore, the results of bootstrapped truncated regression provide that the external environmental factors affecting the efficiency of each individual group are totally different patterns depending on the franchise group. Based on the analysis results, this study suggests strategic initiatives tailored to individual coffee shop groups to enhance their operating efficiency and identifies the principal operational drivers of the environmental variables to achieve sustainable growth.
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Varia, Francesca, Dario Macaluso, Ida Agosta, Francesco Spatafora, and Giovanni Dara Guccione. "Transitioning towards Organic Farming: Perspectives for the Future of the Italian Organic Wine Sector." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052815.
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In recent years, after the publication of Regulation (EU) 2018/848 on organic production and the labelling of organic products, all stakeholders have been considering threats and opportunities in the development of the organic food and beverage sector. The aim of the study outlined in this paper was to analyse the development prospects of the Italian organic wine sector in light of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) environmental and climate objectives. Specifically, the study focussed on applying a System Dynamics Approach (SDA) and a Network Analysis in order to explain how the most relevant social–economic determinants of the national organic wine sector are in all likelihood influencing the hoped-for shift from conventional to organic production. Such conversion appeared to be worth exploring because, despite the increasing global demand for organic wine, the economic effects on the entire system are still somewhat unclear from a dynamic perspective. The results of the study clearly demonstrated that public policies and regulatory actions at the national and European level will continue to be very influential for the future of the national organic wine system. Different development pathways, such as groups of operators and the adoption of the new national certification system for the sustainability of the entire wine supply chain, should be undertaken by Italian “small wine operators” in order to gain international markets.
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He, Yan. "Development of Project-based Learning Team in Information Security Classes in High Vocational Colleges." Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (July 2011): 1826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.1826.
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To secure the information systems and safeguard the personal and social data, experts engaged in the IT security departments should be increasingly turned out. Many universities have incorporated information security courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels as part of information systems or computer science majors, and some high vocational colleges set the IT security specialty to train the information security operators. However, most graduates are lack of practical operations and they don't have the qualifications to do the job. To train the IT security experts, appropriate methods should be developed. We propose a training mode based on project_based learning team. In the team, students work together in small groups aiming at a project topic, which is pertinent to their real contexts. Through analyzing the quality of the ability improving of each individual in the project team, the professional skills and practical experiences of most students are greatly improved.
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Hansson, Christian, Maria Lindqvist, and Åke Oskarsson. "Cis/trans isomers of PtX 2 L 2 (X = halogen, L = neutral ligand); the crystal structures of two polymorphs of cis-dichlorobis(dibenzyl sulfido-κS)platinum(II) in the temperature range 100–295 K." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 64, no. 2 (March 14, 2008): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768108005211.
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The structures of two polymorphs, one triclinic and one monoclinic, of cis-dichlorobis(dibenzyl sulfido-κS)platinum(II), cis-PtCl2(Bz2S)2, have been determined at 295, 250, 200, 150 and 100 K. In both polymorphs the complex has a structure where platinum(II) coordinates two dibenzyl sulfide molecules and two chloro ligands, forming a complex with pseudo-square-planar coordination geometry. The triclinic polymorph shows disorder at all temperatures. Both polymorphs have a packing arrangement involving centrosymmetric structural dimers. cis-PtCl2(Bz2S)2 belongs to a group of complexes with the general formula PtX 2 L 2, where X is a halogen and L is a ligand with a donor atom from groups 14, 15 or 16. The distribution of structural classes among 173 cis-PtX 2 L 2 compounds found in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, Version 5.28, November 2006) has been investigated. The predominant structural class [notation according to Belsky & Zorkii (1977). Acta Cryst. A33, 1004–1006] among the cis compounds is P21/c, Z = 4 (1) (73 structures, 42%), followed by P\bar 1, Z = 2 (1) (33 structures, 19%). Inversion centres combined with the screw-axis/glide plane are the dominating packing operators (56%) followed by the inversion centre (21%). The cis and trans influence in cis/trans-PtCl2 L 2 compounds has been investigated using data from the CSD. The cis influence is small for donor atoms in groups 15 and 16. The trans influence is small for group 16 donor atoms and for nitrogen, but for phosphorus it is significantly greater than the other donor atoms studied.
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Nishi, Hidehisa, Akira Ishii, Ichiro Nakahara, Shoji Matsumoto, Nobutake Sadamasa, Yasutoshi Kai, Ryota Ishibashi, Michio Yamamoto, Satoshi Morita, and Izumi Nagata. "Different learning curves between stent retrieval and a direct aspiration first-pass technique for acute ischemic stroke." Journal of Neurosurgery 129, no. 6 (December 2018): 1456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.6.jns17872.
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OBJECTIVEThe clinical outcomes of a direct aspiration first-pass technique (ADAPT) and stent retriever (SR) have been reported to be similar in several observational studies. In this study, procedural and clinical outcomes with ADAPT and SR for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with large artery occlusion were compared in different time periods.METHODSIn each specific time period, SR and ADAPT were used as the first-line treatment approach for acute ischemic stroke patients with large artery occlusion at the authors’ institution. Baseline characteristics, procedural variables, and functional outcome at 90 days were compared between patients treated with SR and those treated with ADAPT. These 2 groups were divided into 3 sequential subgroups to assess the learning curve effects of the endovascular team and individual operators on the procedural variables of each treatment strategy.RESULTSOverall, 89 patients were treated. In the SR group, the recanalization rate was higher (84% vs 65%; p = 0.01) and the procedure time was shorter than in the ADAPT group (median 42 minutes vs 76 minutes, p = 0.04). On the subgroup analysis of the learning curve, the SR group showed more rapid improvement in procedure time than the ADAPT group (p = 0.01 for the team; p < 0.01 for individual operators).CONCLUSIONSIn this initial experience, a higher recanalization rate and shorter procedure time were achieved with SR than with ADAPT. A high recanalization rate with SR was possible with relatively less clinical experience, whereas procedure time dramatically decreased with experience. These observed effects on the learning curve might be useful when choosing the method for initial endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke at relatively small stroke centers.
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Bucher, Christoph Marcus, Thomas Lehmann, André Tichelli, Alexander Tzankov, Stephan Dirnhofer, Jakob Passweg, and Alicia Rovó. "Comparison of a powered bone marrow biopsy device with a manual system: results of a prospective randomised controlled trial." Journal of Clinical Pathology 66, no. 1 (October 26, 2012): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201167.
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The diagnostic and clinical usefulness of a powered bone marrow biopsy device (OnControl()) versus a standard manual device (TRAP Hospital System) was studied. Primary endpoints were biopsy quality and patient pain during the procedure. Fifty patients underwent a total of 60 procedures by three expert operators in a randomised stratified fashion. Baseline demographic and clinical parameters were similar in both groups. The usage of conscious sedation, dosage of lidocaine/pethidin was similar between groups. Biopsy quality was rated ‘sufficient for diagnosis’ in 24/30 in the control group and 25/30 in the powered group (p=0.74). Biopsy cylinder length, procedure time (from skin contact of the biopsy needle to placement of the biopsy cylinder in the formalin container) and patient reported pain during the procedure (T1), 15 min after the procedure (T2) and 3–5 days after the procedure (T3) there were comparable between groups. In the small subgroup of patients that did not receive conscious sedation (n=15; manual 6, powered 9) significantly lower median pain scores were observed with the powered system (median pain score 3 vs 7; p=0.015). Patients were satisfied with either device whether sedation was used (sedation: median 9 for both groups, range 3–10 (manual) and 0–10 (powered)) no sedation (median 8 (manual) vs 9 (powered)). In summary bone marrow biopsies taken with the manual or powered device produce similar technical and clinical results. If no conscious sedation is used, pain during the procedure appears to be lower with the powered system. The use of a powered system seems to be justified in selected patients.
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Wilson, Steven F., and John F. Wilmshurst. "Behavioural responses of southern mountain caribou to helicopter and skiing activities." Rangifer 39, no. 1 (September 24, 2019): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.39.1.4586.
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Helicopter- and snowcat-supported backcountry skiing is a unique industry that is widespread throughout southern mountain caribou habitat in British Columbia. We analyzed standardized caribou encounter data collected by operators under an agreement between the BC government and Helicat Canada. Average reported encounter rates were low for helicopters (0.6%) and skiing groups (0.1%); however, encounters were likely underreported due to factors that affect caribou sightability. Although helicopters encountered caribou more frequently than skiing groups, caribou were detected from helicopters at greater distances than by skiers. We used Bayesian network models to assess the independent contribution of different factors to the behavioural response of caribou to encounters. Encounter distance was the most important factor in both helicopter and skiing models. Larger groups of caribou responded strongly to skiers but not to helicopters, although the independent effect of this factor was small in both models. Larger helicopters elicited stronger reactions from caribou than smaller machines and was responsible for 25% of the modelled variation in caribou response. Encounters with helicopters at distances of 100–500m had a 78% probability of eliciting a concerned-to-very-alarmedresponse from caribou, while skiers at a similar distance had a 60% probability of eliciting the same response. The probability of concerned-to-very-alarmed responses dropped to <20% at encounter distances of >1000 m. These results indicate that initial encounter distance is the key variable to manage risk to caribou of helicopter and skiing encounters. Ongoing feedback on the effectiveness of management practices is critical to ensure the continued viability of industries operating in caribou habitat.
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O'Neill, Yvette, and Margaret O'Mahony. "Travel Behavior and Transportation Needs of People with Disabilities." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1924, no. 1 (January 2005): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192400101.
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Arguments defending the poor attention given to those with disabilities in regard to equal opportunities for transportation options tend to center on the high cost of providing or improving facilities. This paper examines the current quality of service on a variety of modes and mode ancillaries, such as stations and stops, as determined by individuals with disabilities. That section is followed by an examination of the measures to improve the quality of service that those with disabilities require. The evaluations are done with four types of disability groups; although the samples of individuals involved are small, the findings are incisive and clear. The improvement measures discussed fall into two categories: those that are costly and those that are more a matter of consideration being given by transportation operators. For example, timetables could be located at a lower level at bus stops to facilitate wheelchair users and stops could be announced as buses approach them. It would appear that in many cases low-cost solutions could be considered marginal changes to work practices or decision making, but the impact they could have on quality of service indicators for those with disabilities, such as accessibility, would be considerable.
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Meegoda, Jay N., Daniel Watts, Hsin-Neng Hsieh, and Bruno Bezerra de Souza. "Community Based Pollution Prevention for Two Urban Cities—A Case Study." Clean Technologies 3, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol3010004.
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Pollution prevention is an approach for generating less waste using fewer toxic chemicals while conserving water and energy. Even though pollution prevention practices have been encouraged for over thirty years, many smaller businesses have not considered or adopted such techniques. This study examines the effect of a community-based approach designed to emphasize the benefits to the health and economic well-being of urban communities when source reduction practices are implemented by businesses in the community. Partnering with existing community groups in Newark and Jersey City, NJ, technical assistance was provided to small and medium-sized businesses under grant funding from Region 2 of the US Environmental Protection Agency. In this research, 32 small and medium-sized businesses were evaluated for source reduction opportunities and implementation plans were drawn up. After these businesses implemented operational changes, emission and cost savings were determined and reported back to respective small business owners as well as to the communities during community meetings designed to encourage additional participation. Based on 32 case studies, several measurable benefits were achieved, including the yearly saving of 932 pounds of hazardous waste, 3917 pounds of non-hazardous waste, 13.62 metric tons of carbon equivalent (MTCE) of greenhouse gases and $5335 USD. The initial findings suggest that community-based programs such as this can be beneficial but must be sustained over a period of time. One issue that was repeatedly observed, and is likely widely believed, is the concern of small business operators that cooperation with any group funded by a government program may lead to the assessment of fines or penalties for environmental violations. This concern limits the willingness of many smaller businesses to participate. The findings of this study suggest that a sustained community-based program may overcome that concern through demonstration of the benefit to the business and the community, and through credibility building achieved by regular community reporting and the absence of official intervention.
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Naranjo Taco, Paulina, Carlos Taco Taco, and Oswaldo Lopez Bravo. "Cadenas integrales productivas para producción de mora / │ 21 Cadenas integrales productivas para producción de mora Integral production chains for blackberry production." Ciencia Unemi 9, no. 19 (October 13, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol9iss19.2016pp21-29p.
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El cultivo de mora en los últimos años ha sufrido comportamientos crecientes en el mercado nacional e internacional. En la provinciade Bolívar, Ecuador, su producción está en auge en los sectores de Guanujo y Chillanes. En este último, existen asociacionesde pequeños productores, siendo sus debilidades la comercialización y los bajos precios que reciben por el producto natural. Los objetivos planteados permitieron el mapeo de la cadena, así como la identificación de operadores y sus funciones. La investigación de mercado realizada a nivel de consumidores finales (compradores en supermercados) y a nivel de operadores de servicios de alimentación en la principal planta hotelera de Guayaquil, arrojó resultados de demanda potencial y por ende, en base de esta, su puede planificar la producción, procesamiento y comercialización de mora en pulpa. El presente trabajo demuestra cómo en el ámbito social-económico, no es contrario el planteamiento y uso de herramientas administrativas-mercadológicas utilizadas de manera ortodoxa a nivel empresarial, a favor de grupos vulnerables como los pequeños productores rurales. La cadena de valor permite mejorar los ingresos de los involucrados, crear fuentes de empleo en la microrregión, siendo parte de la dinamización de la economía local y el buen vivir. Abstract Blackberry cultivation in recent years has had a growing behavior in the national and international market. In Bolivar, Ecuador, blackberry production is on the rise in the sectors of Guanujo and Chillanes. In the last place mentioned, there is the presence of associations of small producers, and its weaknesses are the marketing and the low prices that they received for their natural product. The objectives allowed the chain mapping, as well as the identification of operators and their functions. A market research that was conducted at the level of final consumers (buyers in supermarkets) and among food service operators in the main hotel plant of Guayaquil, showed results of potential demand and therefore on the basis of this, to plan production, processing and marketing of blackberry pulp. Furthermore, this work demonstrates how in the social-economic sphere it is not contrary the approach and use of administrative-market tools, which are used in an orthodox way at the enterprise level in favor of vulnerable groups such as the small rural producers. The value chain allows improving the income of those involved; creating jobs in the micro-region, being part of the revitalization of the local economy and good living.
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KEHINDE, O. O., O. J. AWOYOMI, B. K. LAMIDI, F. A. BALOGUN, M. O. OLUFEHINTI, O. M. OBAFEMI, and O. G. FASANMI. "EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF BROILER BREEDER EGG WEIGHTS ON HATCHING AND POST-HATCH PERFORMANCES IN MARSHAL BREED." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 17, no. 2 (May 16, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v17i2.1828.
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This study was designed to evaluate the effects of different Marshal breed broiler on hatching egg weights on hatching characteristics and post-hatch performances; and also to compare the cost of production of hatchlings to table size. A total of 900 hatching eggs (HE) from 40 weeks old parent stock were sorted, graded and purposively grouped on weight basis into small (<50g), medium (50-65g) and large (>65g) sizes (3 groups). Each group was allotted 300 eggs and replicated thrice, with each replicate having 100 eggs in a complete randomised design before incubation for 21 days. Candling of incubated eggs was done on day 18 on group basis and numbers of fertile eggs noted. The chicks were individually weighed and counted to determine hatchability, hatchling weight and cost of production. Thereafter, hatched chicks were allotted into the respective groups and replicated to determine the post-hatch performance. Each replicate has 45 chicks, intensively raised and were fed ad libitum with broiler starter mash for the first 4 weeks of life and broiler finisher mash from 4-8 weeks. Data generated include feed intake, final weight, mortality; weight gain, feed conversion ratio and unit cost of production of chicken were calculated. The data were analyzed by GLM of SAS and Duncan’s multiple-range test was used to separate significance of differences among treatment means at 5% significance level. The medium HE had the best fertility (93.00%), hatchability (95.67%) and cost of producing a chick (N 90.07) when compared with the small and large HEs. The large HE has the best results in terms of, final weight and weight gain, while medium HE has the best FCR, lowest mortality and least cost of production, which are significant at p< 0.05. It is therefore recommended poultry breeders and hatchery operators should consider the use of medium weight (50-65g) HEs in their operations, so as to cut down the production cost.
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Welsh, Rick, Stefan Grimberg, Gilbert W. Gillespie, and Megan Swindal. "Technoscience, anaerobic digester technology and the dairy industry: Factors influencing North Country New York dairy farmer views on alternative energy technology." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 25, no. 2 (March 30, 2010): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174217051000013x.
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AbstractStructural change in the US dairy industry toward fewer and very large farms has fueled interest and government funding of research into the feasibility of constructing anaerobic digesters (ADs) on large operations as a waste management strategy. Some groups opposed to increasing scale and concentration in the livestock sectors, including dairy, also oppose ADs because of the connection with larger scale operations and the potential for facilitating increased concentration in agricultural production. But the connection between AD technology and large scale is a social construction promoted by its incorporation into the debates over agricultural industrialization. The technology per se is essentially scale neutral and its scale-implications are artifacts of design choices, as is seen by its successful application to both very small farms around the world and large-scale agricultural enterprises in the USA. Using a survey of dairy farmers in New York, we find that interest in AD technology occurs at all farm sizes; and that factors other than farm size are important in determining interest in the technology. We conclude that the technoscientific question raised by these findings is: will applications to, and interest by, smaller dairy farmer operators result in shifts in policy and funding priorities toward more diverse agricultural research agendas regarding AD technology?
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Carrasco, R. A., F. Núñez, and A. Cipriano. "Fault detection and isolation in cooperative mobile robots using multilayer architecture and dynamic observers." Robotica 29, no. 4 (August 12, 2010): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574710000457.
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SUMMARYMobile robot systems are being used more often in tasks that protect human operators from dangerous environments, but these benefits can be easily lost if the robots spend much of their time being repaired. This implies that any increment in their reliability will also improve their benefits. One way to achieve this is by adding redundant elements to the robot, but this adds complexity and cost to the design. On the other hand, cooperative mobile robots formed by members with the same basic structure provide a natural redundancy of elements, which may be used for reliability improvement. This work presents an architecture that takes advantage of the analytical and sensor redundancy present in groups of cooperative mobile robots in order to increase the reliability of the whole system. First, the design of the architecture is portrayed and the faults to be detected are described. The different layers of the system are then explained and analyzed using several simulations to test their capabilities and limitations. Finally, the experimental results on a group of small mobile robots are shown, validating the results delivered by simulations. These results show that the proposed architecture is able to detect and isolate correctly most of the faults tested.
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Njoroge, Allan Njuguna, and Shadrack Bett. "Operating Environment and Performance of Small and Micro Enterprises in Urban Townships in West Pokot County, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. IV (July 6, 2019): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3iiv.46.
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Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Kenya have not performed creditably well and hence have not played the expected vital and vibrant role in the economic growth and development of Kenyan economy. This situation has been of great concern to the government, citizenry, operators, practitioners and the organized private sector groups especially because many of the SMEs owners are faced with unpredictable operating environment which presents many entrepreneurs with a challenge of both growing and managing their SMEs consequently affecting SMEs performance. The study aimed at establishing operating environment effects on performance of small and micro enterprises in urban townships in West Pokot County. The specific objectives of the study included determining the influence of skills and competence, technology, legislations and competition on the performance of small and micro enterprises in urban townships in West Pokot County. The study was anchored on the theory of multi-dimensional performance, goal setting theory and Human capital theory. The target population was drawn from small and micro enterprises owners and managers in the two major townships in West Pokot County that is Kapenguria, and Chepareria Townships. The study was based on descriptive research design where the researcher used stratified random sampling techniques to sample its respondents; Questionnaires were used for the data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were undertaken. Inferential statistics was used to test the extent and nature of the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The correlation results of the study found that SMEs owners/managers skills and competence, technology and competition are positively related to SMEs performance. Results further showed that legislations are negatively related to SMEs performance.SMEs owners/managers skills and competence, legislation, technology and competition were found to be significant variables in explaining SMEs performance which is illustrated by coefficient of determination(R square) of 79.4%.Based on the research findings the study concluded that SMEs owners/managers skills and competence, legislation, technology and competition has a significant relationship with SMEs performance. The study recommends that the financial institutions, NGOs, and Government agencies should work in collaboration in improving SMEs owner’s skills and competence, also technological changes awareness should be provided to the SMEs owners and managers. The Government agencies should come up with friendly policies and regulations to eliminate unhealthy competition towards the SMEs.
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Hajeb Mohammad Alipour, Shirin, Hossein Rabbani, and Mohammad Reza Akhlaghi. "Diabetic Retinopathy Grading by Digital Curvelet Transform." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/761901.
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One of the major complications of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy. As manual analysis and diagnosis of large amount of images are time consuming, automatic detection and grading of diabetic retinopathy are desired. In this paper, we use fundus fluorescein angiography and color fundus images simultaneously, extract 6 features employing curvelet transform, and feed them to support vector machine in order to determine diabetic retinopathy severity stages. These features are area of blood vessels, area, regularity of foveal avascular zone, and the number of micro-aneurisms therein, total number of micro-aneurisms, and area of exudates. In order to extract exudates and vessels, we respectively modify curvelet coefficients of color fundus images and angiograms. The end points of extracted vessels in predefined region of interest based on optic disk are connected together to segment foveal avascular zone region. To extract micro-aneurisms from angiogram, first extracted vessels are subtracted from original image, and after removing detected background by morphological operators and enhancing bright small pixels, micro-aneurisms are detected. 70 patients were involved in this study to classify diabetic retinopathy into 3 groups, that is, (1) no diabetic retinopathy, (2) mild/moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, (3) severe nonproliferative/proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and our simulations show that the proposed system has sensitivity and specificity of 100% for grading.
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Jardón, Carlos M. "Satisfaction level and competitiveness in subsistence small businesses." Management Decision 56, no. 5 (May 14, 2018): 1108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-06-2017-0624.
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Purpose Subsistence small businesses (SSBs) do not seek the maximum benefit; they only seek a benefit that enough satisfies their basic needs. In consequence, a dual behaviour of companies is expected and possibly the competitiveness of these companies is different. The purpose of this paper is to study the dual behaviour of SSBs and the differences about their competitive advantages. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained by conducting surveys with owners and managers of wood processing companies located in a region of Misiones (Argentina). The results were checked by interviews in 2012 and 2015. The research uses principal component analysis and K-means to classify the different behaviour and MANOVA analysis to study the relationships. Findings The findings suggest two types of SSBs and show that competitive advantages are different into two groups of companies. Research limitations/implications The data used refer to a certain period of time, with interviews in next periods. Sample is in a particular region and sector and generalisations should be done carefully. The variables are measured with subjective questions. Practical implications The findings suggest instruments to change the strategy of unsatisfied SSBs to grow. Social implications The growth of SSBs is very important in poorest areas. The paper suggest governments’ politics that facilitate a stable environment for improving competitiveness of SSBs. Originality/value SSBs are very important in developing countries, but they are not sufficiently studied. The research shows the importance of satisfying principle in the competitiveness of subsistence entrepreneurs.
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Reino, Sofia, Aurkene Alzua-Sorzabal, and Rodolfo Baggio. "Adopting interoperability solutions for online tourism distribution." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-08-2014-0034.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that make the adoption of interoperability solutions for online tourism distribution (OTD) more likely by small operators and to develop an evaluation framework for this solutions. Research identifying these determinants is missing. The resulting evaluation framework is then applied to evaluate a number of extant technological solutions focused on interoperability solutions for OTD. Design/methodology/approach – In an attempt to address this gap of research, this paper undertakes a series of interviews and focus groups of the European tourism industry. Findings – Findings partly aligned with the suggestion made by previous research about technology adoption by micro, small and medium tourism enterprises (SMTEs), they also highlighted some issues which are specific to the adoption of interoperability solutions for OTD. These related to the scarcity of information and communication technology (ICT) applications specifically designed for mini and micro enterprises, the very limited capabilities available for using efficiently ICTs in business-to-business (B2B) operations and the difficulty in collaborating with other companies due to the number of different solutions used in the industry, especially when dealing with large aggregators (global distribution systems (GDSs) or large online travel agencies) and lack of standardization for data. Research limitations/implications – The study has important theoretical implications. It provides a better understanding of issues affecting the adoption of interoperability solutions for OTD by SMTEs, such as the scarcity of ICT applications specifically designed for mini and micro enterprises, the very limited capabilities available for using ICTs efficiently in B2B operations and lack of standardization. Practical implications – It facilitates making decisions about adopting interoperability solutions for online distribution solutions, both by suppliers and destination managers. Originality/value – Limited work has focused on understanding issues affecting the adoption of interoperability solutions for OTD solutions among SMTEs.
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Keenan, James J. "Intellectual Capital, Communication, and Information in Organisations and Communities." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 12 (July 2000): 2–555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004401230.
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The focus here is on die relation of informatic systems to intellectual capital in work organisations. Intellectual capital is frequently viewed as having several ingredient capitals, for example: human capital, internal structure capital, external structure/customer capital, and innovation capital (for example, Edvinsson & Malone, 1997). Edvinsson and Sullivan define intellectual capital as knowledge that can be converted into value (1996: 358). I argue mat intellectual capital in organisations and other collectivities includes three sets of assets: core capitals of organisational actors, communication capital, and community or social capital. Informatic systems enhance intellectual capital by facilitating the development and use of core knowledge and motivation capitals and the communication and community capitals that are the principal ingredients of intellectual capital as viewed here. Defining the relatively hidden assets of knowledge, motivation, communication, and communities of practice as capital that is essential to the competitive advantages and other successes of organisations underscores the fiduciary responsibility of organisational actors, executives and managers, system designers and operators, and, ultimately, all stakeholders to empower, encourage, and reward value-adding intellectual capital in organisations. The intellectual capital perspective provides a way to conceptualise the always present and often hidden factors which need to be designed, developed, renewed, and otherwise managed in socio-technical systems. The general idea of intellectual capital applies to collectivities of any scale or scope, from small groups through work enterprises to settlements, communities, and whole nations.
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Genkin, Artem, and Alexey Mikheev. "Influence of coronavirus crisis on food industry economy." Foods and Raw Materials 8, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-204-215.
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Recently, there has been a very rapid accumulation of empirical data of economic indicators of the food crisis associated with the coronavirus pandemic. The purpose of this article was to develop a set of measures aimed at minimizing the negative economic impact of the coronavirus crisis (CVC) both at the national and international levels. All these presupposed solving the following tasks. Having studied the nature of the crisis, we found out that it had the greatest impact on such components of food sector as transport, logistic chains, and human resources. We revealed that, first of all, such areas of the economy as fisheries and agricultural production of fruits and vegetables were affected by the crisis. It is obvious that it will also adversely affect small farmers, seasonal and migrant workers, etc. The work proposes the most effective public measures against the negative impact of CVC on the global economy. In particular, we examined the scenario of (possibly temporary) nationalization of operators of critical infrastructure to produce planned critical goods or services. The developed set of measures included limitation of the workers’ rights and freedoms by imposing to them labor duties, or replacing them with military ones, limiting the price of strategic goods, and organizing their consumption and distribution. Possible triggers for the implementation of such a scenario in the agricultural sector are offered, as well as mechanisms of protecting and supporting groups of economic agents affected by CVC are proposed.
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Gumasing, Ma Janice J., Yogi Tri Prasetyo, Ardvin Kester S. Ong, Satria Fadil Persada, and Reny Nadlifatin. "Analyzing the Service Quality of E-Trike Operations: A New Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure in Metro Manila, Philippines." Infrastructures 7, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures7050069.
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The electric tricycle, often known as an e-trike, is a three-wheeled electric vehicle designed to transport a small group of people over short distances on side streets. This study aims to develop a service quality model of sustainable e-trike operations in the city of Manila, Philippines using stepwise regression analysis. A total of 230 participants from three districts in the City of Manila: Binondo, Recto, and Intramuros, were selected using the stratified sampling method. The main contribution of this study emerges from the quantification of the influence of sustainability indicators on the perceived service quality of e-trike passengers. The study identified 10 indicators: PWD accessibility (β = 0.2128), smoothness of the ride (β = 0.1001), noise level (β = 0.0886), discount rate (β = 0.0886), land use (β = 0.0835), comfort load (β = 0.0723), fare acceptability (β = 0.0577), e-trike intensity (β = 0.0420), fare affordability (β = 0.0339), and ease of availability (β = 0.0317) have significant importance in the service quality of e-trike operations. These indicators revealed the areas where improvements are needed to ensure the long-term viability of e-trike operations. Therefore, it is concluded that these factors should be the focus and priority for the improvement of e-trike operators, drivers, and transport groups to attain sustainability of e-trike operation in the country. Moreover, this study can also be used for other public transportations to improve their current service quality and operations.
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Mironova, Anastasiya V., Igor’ V. Liskin, and Irina I. Afonina. "Economic feasibility of restoration of degraded and neglected lands." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin, no. 3 (August 20, 2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-58-3-79-90.
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Neglect of soils leads to their degradation, worsens useful properties, and reduces fertility and productivity. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in conducting a comparative analysis of technologies for treating degraded soils, taking into account the economic feasibility of their restoration in non-black-soil regions of Russia. (Materials and methods) The article shows the main technological scheme of restoration of degraded soils. Authors have identified the main groups of land that are located in non-black-soil regions of Russia. (Results and discussion) The article presents the need for equipment, economic and labor costs for the restoration of each type of land in the non-black-soil regions of Russia. Authors took into account that the salary of machine operators depends on the time of direct execution of the task. It was found that the restoration of virgin and fallow lands was the most preferable from the economic, energy-saving and environmental points of view. The article shows that the restoration of pasture areas exceeds the cost of processing virgin lands, but the number of necessary machine and tractor units is comparable to work on virgin lands. Authors recommend to develop the soils with woody and shrubby vegetation in the first place, starting with land occupied by young plants. It is necessary to take into account the criteria for the fertility of the soil layer. It was found that soils with a small excess of moisture have small cost of its development, while on heavily swampy soils the cost of work on their development is many times higher than the cost of restoring other types of land. (Conclusion) The article shows that the restoration of neglected land is a necessary condition for improving the provision of human needs for food and a number of industrial goods. First of all, it is necessary to develop land that requires minimal investment of economic and labor costs.
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Husman, Husman, and Sugeng Ariyono. "Rancang Bangun Mesin Pengiris Singkong." Manutech : Jurnal Teknologi Manufaktur 10, no. 02 (May 20, 2019): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33504/manutech.v10i02.65.
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The Bangka Belitung Islands have enormous natural resources, including mining products, forest products, marine products and plantation products. The cultivated plantation can consist of groups or individuals. One of the plantation products managed by the community in Belitung, especially in the Regency of Bangka, is cassava. Various kinds of food are processed using raw cassava, one of which is produced by a home industry in other words Small and Medium Industries (IKM) in the village of Banyu Asin, Bangka Regency. Using a simple production tool made of wood and fitted with a cutting knife to slice cassava and use a tool that was bought from the market made of plastic base material and installed a blade to slice manually. This research was conducted to help make a machine that can simplify and reduce the energy of workers in the process of making cassava chips. The method used to solve this problem is starting with the compilation of a list of required product requirements, making and selecting concepts, designing components, making detailed technical drawings, making and assembling and testing the function of the tools. Testing the function of the tool is done in order to find out whether the tool that has been made can function properly and can do the desired slicing. The results of the trial process of the cassava slicing machine made were able to increase productivity and slice cassava as much as 96 kg per hour with one operator. Previously, to slice 90 kg of cassava takes 3 hours with 2 operators.
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Lo Giudice, Antonino, Simone Muraglie, Stefano Martina, Vincenzo Ronsivalle, and Rosalia Leonardi. "Accuracy and Reliability of Space Analysis Measurements in Digital Models with Different Degrees of Crowding." Open Dentistry Journal 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601913010505.
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Background: With the introduction of digital systems in the orthodontic field, it is not still clear if such systems can accurately substitute analogical systems in the diagnosis and orthodontic treatment plane. Objective: The study compared the Arch Length Discrepancy (TALD) and Bolton ratio obtained from plaster dental casts (gold standard) and digital models and tested the null hypothesis that TALD and Bolton ratio measurements in digital models are affected by the degree of crowding. Methods: The sample included 40 dental models divided into five sub-groups, according to the American Board of Orthodontists (ABO) score of crowding. Plaster casts were scanned by a 3D laser scanner to obtain digital models. In digital and plaster models, the mesiodistal width of each tooth and arch lengths (maxillary and mandibular) were measured to calculate anterior and total Bolton ratios and TALD. Three operators performed measurements on plaster and digital models using a digital caliper and OrthoAnalyzerTM 3D software (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark). Results: No statistically significant differences were obtained for intra and inter-examiner reliability (p > 0.05). When comparing plaster and digital findings, statistically significant differences were obtained for all measurements except for mandibular arch length and anterior Bolton ratio. In general, there was an overestimation of tooth size and arch length discrepancy in digital models. Moreover, the mean difference of measurements between both the methods increased in more crowded models. Conclusions: Crowding affects, the accuracy of Bolton ratio, and the arch length measurements. since the overestimation is relatively small, it should not be considered of clinical significance.
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Hannonen, Marjut. "Implementation of EU Free Trade Agreements." Global Trade and Customs Journal 12, Issue 11/12 (December 1, 2017): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2017056.
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The EU has a very active trade negotiating agenda, with new negotiations starting every year and being in preparation. Increasing number of free trade agreements (FTAs) are also being concluded. Against this background, and the fact that trade policy is attracting much more attention from the public that used to be the case still a few years back, effective implementation of EU trade agreements has become an important priority for the EU Trade policy. The EU needs to demonstrate that its trade agreements work in practice and deliver the negotiated benefits to EU operators. The EU FTAs currently in force are not identical in their scope and objectives, and this has to be taken into account also when looking into their implementation. EU FTAs can be divided in different groups on the basis of their scope and objectives. Since 2006 the Commission has been negotiating comprehensive FTAs which cover a wide range of areas including also inter alia services, investment, procurement, intellectual property rights, competition and trade and sustainable development. When speaking about FTAs, normally the main point of interest is to know whether the FTAs have led to an increase of trade flows between the partners in the areas of trade in goods, services and investment. In general it can be said that in large majority of cases, the trade in goods has increased during the period than the FTAs have been in force. In terms of services and investment, it is more difficult to see the link with the FTAs in developments in these areas. Preference utilization rates (PURs) of the EU FTAs have attracted a lot of attention since the Commission started producing them after the EU–Korea FTA started to be applied. In general, the PURs for EU operators are lower than those of our trading partners. New generation FTAs have a comprehensive structure of implementation bodies. A number of subcommittees and working groups covering different areas covered by the chapters of the FTA meet annually to address problematic issues. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures, restrictions in trade of agricultural products, enforcement of geographical indicators and public procurement have been areas most often discussed in these fora. Lack of awareness of the FTAs by EU companies and difficulties in understanding them is still a real issue preventing FTAs reaching their full potential. This has led the Commission to intensify its efforts to address better the awareness gap. In addition to the Commission, Member States and their business organizations have also a crucial role in disseminating information on FTAs to their stakeholders, in particular small and medium sized enterprise (SMEs), who often require information in a local language and locally in different regions. Close cooperation between Member States’ embassies and the EU delegations in the FTA partner countries has also been identified as a key factor to ensure effective implementation of the FTAs.
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Wood, Derek J., Larry W. Lake, Russell T. Johns, and Vanessa Nunez. "A Screening Model for CO2 Flooding and Storage in Gulf Coast Reservoirs Based on Dimensionless Groups." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 11, no. 03 (June 1, 2008): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/100021-pa.
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Summary Concerns over global warming have led to interest in removing greenhouse gases, specifically CO2, from the atmosphere. Sequestration of CO2 in oil reservoirs as part of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects is one method that is being considered. This paper first presents the scaling groups necessary to describe CO2 flooding for a typical line-drive pattern and then uses these groups in a Box-Behnken experimental design to create a screening model most applicable to candidate Gulf Coast reservoirs (Box and Behnken 1960). By generating oil recovery and CO2 storage curves, the model estimates the cumulative oil recovery and CO2 storage potential for a given reservoir. Past screening models—Rivas et al. (1992) and Diaz et al. (1996)—focused only on oil recovery and simply assigned qualitative rankings to reservoirs. Models that did include quantitative results, including CO2 Prophet (Dobitz and Prieditis 1994) and the CO2 Predictive Model (Paul et al. 1984), did not include the effects of dip. This model focuses on both oil recovery and CO2 storage potential, produces quantitative results for each, and includes the effects of dip. This model quickly estimates the oil recovery and CO2 storage potential for a reservoir. Operators can quickly screen large databases of reservoirs to identify the best candidates for CO2 flooding and storage. The scaling groups also provide the basis for future models that may be more specific to other regions. The results show that continuous CO2 flooding can be fully described using 10 dimensionless groups: aspect ratio, dip angle group, water and CO2 mobility ratios, buoyancy number, dimensionless injection and producing pressures, residual oil saturation to water and gas, and initial oil saturation. The effects of capillary forces and dispersion were secondary effects in this model and were not included in the scaling. Dimensionless oil recovery was effectively modeled with the dimensionless oil breakthrough time and the dimensionless recovery at three different dimensionless times, while CO2 storage potential was calculated only at the final dimensionless time. The reservoir-specific parameters discussed above were calculated from response surface fits. The scaling does not work as well at small buoyancy numbers; however, it is effective in the range of values typical of Gulf Coast reservoirs. Introduction CO2 flooding is a popular EOR technique; however, it has not heretofore been scaled for dipping reservoirs. Scaling is done using a process called inspectional analysis. In this process, the equations governing fluid flow in a reservoir are described and then converted into dimensionless equations. For example, the variable z (distance in the vertical direction) can be transformed into a dimensionless variable by dividing by a scalar parameter z1*, which can be set equal to H, the height of the reservoir. This new group z/z1* is dimensionless. These transformations are made until the equations are entirely in dimensionless form. Then, through various assumptions and mathematical manipulations of the equations, dimensionless terms are canceled out and removed until a final group of independent dimensionless groups is extracted from the equations. Using inspectional analysis, Shook et al. (1992) scaled waterfloods for a homogeneous, 2D, cartesian, dipping reservoir with two phases (oleic and aqueous) present and found five necessary dimensionless groups. They are:RL = [Equation] effective aspect ratioMow = [Equation] mobility ratio (water)Na = [Equation] dip angle groupNog = [Equation] buoyancy numberNPc = [Equation] capillary number These groups served as the initial basis for the scaling of CO2 flooding; however, they proved insufficient. This paper presents the additional groups necessary to scale CO2 flooding. The desire to undertake CO2 flooding begets the need to identify economically attractive candidate reservoirs. Comprehensive simulations may be too costly and time-consuming when large databases of reservoirs must be evaluated. This paper presents a model based on the aforementioned dimensionless groups that quickly estimates the oil recovery and CO2 storage potential for candidate reservoirs.
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Bazarova, Ekaterina L., Anna A. Fedoruk, Natal’ya A. Roslaya, Olga I. Gogoleva, Eduard G. Plotko, Il’ya S. Osherov, and Aleksei G. Babenko. "Occupational risk assessment of the impact of a heating microclimate in conditions of modernization of a metallurgical enterprise." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 12 (January 25, 2021): 1460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-12-1460-1466.
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Introduction. A controlled environment is the most significant industrial conditions factor, which predominantly affects the well-being, working capacity, and employees’ health. The objective of this research was the scientific justification of the need for prevention of the upgraded sections of the metallurgical enterprise related to the impact of the heating-controlled environment by results of an estimation of the occupational risk. Results. The workplaces of the occupations under study were characterized by a heating-controlled environment. Under hygienic criteria, working conditions in most workplaces corresponded to hazardous ones and formed the pathology risk from low to very high (Classes 3.1-3.4). Overall, the enterprise usually registered a small degree of the relationship between the identified health disorders and the heating-controlled environment. Still, the morbidity of diseases of the ear, skin, and urogenital apparatus fulfilled the criteria of industrial conditionality, with an average degree with its influence. Male patients with high blood pressure and females with diseases of the digestive system were identified to show the significant-high incidence. Moreover, there is a high and medium degree of association of diseases of the digestive system and skin with exposure to heat radiation in women and men, respectively. Exposure to heat radiation at controllers raised the risk of developing gynecological abnormalities, as well as complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period by 3.4 times (very high degree of association) and 3.0 times (high degree), respectively. The relative risk of mortality owing to circulatory diseases was 3.3 in occupational groups of lehr operators, 2.8 in blacksmiths, and 1.8 in melters requiring the development of targeted prevention programs.
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Rounaghi, Mohammad Mahdi. "Economic analysis of using green accounting and environmental accounting to identify environmental costs and sustainability indicators." International Journal of Ethics and Systems 35, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoes-03-2019-0056.
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Purpose Manufacturing and service companies are likely to make a variety of costs possible. Environmental costs are one of those costs. Environmental performance is one of the most important factors in assessing a company’s success. For environmental accounting, companies need to work together as teams of system designers, chemists, engineers, production managers, operators, employees, purchasing circle and accountants (those who may have never worked together before). Design/methodology/approach Nowadays, most of the companies are facing environmental issues and are seeking an appropriate way to report and disclose the information to the public. The environmental pollution issue is among the most important problems of today’s human society. Therefore, this is very important to use environmental accounting as an attempt towards protecting the environment. Findings Green accounting is a type of accounting that attempts to factor environmental costs into the financial results of operations. Apart from answering the question whether the economy has performed sustainably during one or more accounting periods, green accounting indicators [green gross domestic product (GDP)] can be used in policy formulation and evaluation. Green GDP calculations can contribute to raise awareness for sustainability concerns among national governments/policy-makers, who tend to concentrate on their countries’ fast economic development. Practical implications Environmental accounting can be applied to large and small companies in various industries, as well as in manufacturing or service sectors. Environmental accounting can be applied on a large or a smaller scale in a systematic manner for the required bases. Social implications Environmental accounting requires the collection of information from all the groups. People of various groups need to talk to each other to achieve a common vision and understanding of environmental accounting and to realize this vision. Originality/value Undoubtedly, to establish an ideal system of environmental accounting in the country, accountants can become a powerful forearm of the government regarding economical and financial controls. To achieve this goal, environmental accounting objectives and tasks should be identified and defined in detail, and the standards, rules and criteria should be grounded and codified based on reasonable and practical principles.
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Chatterjee, Susmita, Sangita Dutta Gupta, and Parijat Upadhyay. "Empowering women and stimulating development at bottom of pyramid through micro-entrepreneurship." Management Decision 56, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2017-0296.
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Purpose The purpose of the paper is to address the sustainability issue of Self-help groups by means of developing small business/micro-entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach The causal relationship between empowerment through SHG and micro-entrepreneurship is being investigated by estimating empirical data through structural equation modelling with second-order latent factor. Findings Empirical examination supports the causal relationship between empowerment through SHG and small business. Research limitations/implications The study is conforming the policy of group forming and, at this stage, develops a conceptual framework but with real implications for comprehensive policy decisions. Originality/value There are many studies on the women empowerment aspect of SHGs. However, few attempted to find out how the micro-entrepreneurs emerging from SHGs.
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Barmak, O. V., E. A. Manziuk, O. D. Kalyta, Iu Krak, V. O. Kuznetsov, and A. I. Kulias. "Recognition of emotional expressions using the grouping crowdings of characteristic mimic states." PROBLEMS IN PROGRAMMING, no. 2-3 (September 2020): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pp2020.02-03.173.
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The characteristic forms of facial expressions of the emotional states of a person are typical of a rather large degree of generalization on the basis of common physiological structures and the location of the muscles that form the human face. This circumstance is one of the main reasons for the commonality of human manifestations of emotions that are reflected in the face. By the nature and form of facial expressions on the face with high probability, it is possible to determine the emotional state of a person with some correction on the part of the cultural characteristics and traditions of certain groups. In accordance with the existence of common mimic forms of emotional manifestations, an approach is proposed to create a model of recognition of emotional manifestations on the face of a person with relatively low requirements for the means of photo, video-fixation and acceptable speed in the video stream. The creation of the model is based on the implementation of the hyperplane classification of mimic manifestations of major emotional states. One of the main advantages of the proposed approach is the small computational complexity that allows realizing the recognition of the changes in people’s emotional state without any special equipment (for low-resolution or long-distance video cameras). In addition, the model developed on the basis of the proposed approach allows obtaining proper recognition accuracy with low requirements for quality image characteristics, which allows extending the scope of practical application to a great extent. One example of practical application is control over the drivers in the process of driving the vehicle, complex production operators, and other automated visual surveillance systems. The set of detected emotional states is formed in accordance with the set tasks and gives the opportunity to focus on the recognition of mimic forms and group characteristic structural manifestations based on the set of distinguished characteristic features.
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Li, Jinghua, Hui Guo, Shichao Zhang, Xiaoyuan Wu, and Liuling Shi. "Optimum Design of Ship Cabin Equipment Layout Based on SLP Method and Genetic Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (January 21, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9492583.
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The engine room is the heart of a ship, and almost all of the main electromechanical equipment that supports the work on board can be found here. Finding a way to arrange the equipment in a small cabin space is an essential factor in the design and construction of a ship. However, in existing research, when an intelligent algorithm is used to optimize the design of a cabin, the established mathematical model is not comprehensive and the solution has not been evaluated. The optimal solution obtained is not feasible for the actual design of a ship. This can lead to unnecessary redesign work, which seriously affects design efficiency and increases design costs. In order to solve the above problems, this paper innovatively refers to a Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) method (normally applied to the layout of plant equipment) to the cabin equipment layout issue. The SLP method is used to quantitatively analyze the adjacency and logistics relationship between devices, and the mutual integration relationship between devices is obtained so that a preliminary layout scheme can be retrieved. The problem model is constructed by considering various factors such as the comprehensive relationship between the equipment and the stability of the cabin, and the corresponding objective function and constraint function are established to further design the variables, operators, and steps of the genetic algorithm. The initial solution obtained from the SLP method is used as part of an initial solution to the genetic algorithm, and the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the problem. Finally, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to evaluate and optimize several groups of better schemes obtained by running multiple genetic algorithms and select the better schemes. The experimental design proves that the integrated design method has certain feasibility and superiority.
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Pett, Timothy L., Youssef Errami, and Laurent Sié. "How smaller firms can outperform their peers." Journal of Business Strategy 40, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-12-2017-0178.
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Purpose This paper aims to study the performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the French hospitality sector and to determine what firm characteristics (particularly entrepreneurship orientation and strategic initiatives) explain differences in performance. The study is based on data from hotels and differentiates between high- and low-performing businesses. The study examines performance differences relating to entrepreneurial orientation and strategic initiatives. The conclusions indicate that there are differences between high- and low-performing groups, and overall, it seems that there is a relationship between high performance and entrepreneurial, well-planned strategic initiatives. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a structured telephone interview procedure to solicit respondents from owner/operators of the hotels throughout the region. The process for gathering data resulted in 66 hotels providing complete responses during interview sessions. Findings The primary intent of this study was to examine the relationships between entrepreneurial orientation and strategic initiatives with SME performance. The findings suggest that differences exists. Interestingly, we found that better performing group used more people and tended to see business environment much more favorable compared to low-performing group. Originality/value Entrepreneurial orientation research suggest that SMEs firms operate distinct from other ones given different patterns used. These differences come from how SMEs leverage the proactiveness, risk-taking and innovativeness dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation in a firm. Waal and his colleagues suggested that activities associated with creating a high-performing organization using strategic initiatives will lead to subsequent high financial performance. The research found here would also support such an assertion. However, care should be taken in interpreting the generalizability of these results given the limited number of hotels participating in this study; more work is still needed.
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Lebedeva, Kristina, Andris Krumins, Antra Tamane, and Egils Dzelzitis. "Analysis of Latvian Households’ Potential Participation in the Energy Market as Prosumers." Clean Technologies 3, no. 2 (May 17, 2021): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol3020025.
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The European Union sets targets for the extensive use of renewable energy. Meanwhile, the energy production network is changing and transferring from the classic “producer to consumer” scheme to new operation models, where a small consumer with local renewable energy systems becomes a producer–prosumer, an active energy consumer who is also an energy producer. This study evaluated a potential of Latvian households’ participation in the energy market as prosumers. The analysis was based on an informal prospective extrapolation data evaluation method, based on real historical data from the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia, annual reports of distribution and transmission system operators, assessments, and the conclusions of relevant experts. In addition, the real performance of a photovoltaic (PV) system was evaluated to get information on the whole year’s energy balance, and to compare it with seasonal electricity price fluctuation. The Latvian electricity transmission system is able to accept about 800 MW of additional new renewable energy source (RES) capacity, so there is a great potential for prosumers. The biggest obstacle for a household’s involvement in the energy market is the lack of support mechanisms and relatively high cost of RES technologies. The results show that with the current dynamics of new microgenerator connections, Latvia will achieve the set goals regarding the involvement of prosumers in the achievement of RES goals only in the next century. In order to attract the public to energy production, the concept of energy community needs to be defined in Latvian legislation, a balanced peer trading mechanism needs to be developed for various RES self-consumption groups willing to sell surplus electricity, and tax policy conditions need to be reviewed for electricity transactions outside the NET (payment system), in order to fully ensure the rights of prosumers.
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Popov, S. "FTTH FOR SMALL OPERATORS." LastMile, no. 1 (2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22184/2070-8963.2018.70.1.54.60.
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Sukharev, Yury I. "Quantum correlations of colloidal particles as the root cause of topological features of the microcosm of oxyhydrate systems and their properties." Butlerov Communications 57, no. 3 (March 31, 2019): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-57-3-1.
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A fundamentally new method for calculating the crystallographic structures of oxyhydrate gels that transform over time is proposed. Simple features of caustics and wave fronts form two infinite series and and three exceptional features (Symmetry groups are groups of regular polyhedra in three – dimensional space, and exceptional features are symmetry groups of tetrahedron, octahedron, and icosahedron.) This follows from the Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams. The principles of the program "COXETER" for the implementation of the method of calculation of oxyhydrate crystallographic structures. Gel electric moments of higher even orders are the higher degrees of Laplace operators: sixth, eighth, tenth and so on orders. In this case, a General ratio is obtained, where new amplitudes and phases are obtained by adding oscillations with different phases, recorded formulas:, which are characterized by the values of currents depending on the spatial periodic structures, that is, an experimental connection between the current and the concentration of the nanoclusters of the system is obtained . From the analysis of the experimental data it follows that the main part of the time oscillations is determined by the light elements of the clusters, the quadrupoles of which give a relatively weak current surge with a small amplitude. Along with them there are elements of the third order, the fourth, fifth and possibly sixth. The nanoclusters are formed by the rule of "magic numbers" found experimentally in the hydroxide application in complex tin, yttrium, iron and other. The rules of "magic numbers", or the theory of magic numbers is widely used to describe nano-structures quite complicated. The role of Paterns is at the heart of everything, that is, at the heart of the structure of Reality. Reality is not collected in parts from the particles of matter in the course of evolution from the past to the future, and is all at once from the past to the future for a given pattern, that is, for specific PATTERNS, as defined by quantum theory. Irregularities and partial randomization of the structure of the core grids form gel defects, to which small mobile clusters are attracted by electrostatic or electromagnetic forces, which are then adsorbed and located on the "defects" in accordance with their dipole moments. This circumstance is determined by the values of"magic numbers". Cluster magic structures have a layered structure. The interior region such fulleroids be, for example, medium-structured clusters and their multipoles and octupole. If at the same time multipoles of the same name, it inevitably leads to fluctuations of cluster flows. The areas inside the fulleroid will not be filled completely; they always remain empty. This will also lead to permanent oscillations of the cluster “filling” and is related to the filling of the fluctuations of the cluster environment. Knowing the padding settings fulleroid (fluctuations) can be identified, what are its physico-chemical characteristics. Linear ordered REALITY, or in other terminology, historical oxyhydrate sequence – is the result of experimental wave interference (table 4) sums of historical (time) epochs-waves of equations Moreover, the Function satisfies the condition of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, which allows to describe the birth of a 4-dimensional space-time gel oxyhydrate phase.
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Maxson, Carlton J., and Alan Oswald. "Operators of fibered groups." Journal of Geometry 31, no. 1-2 (April 1988): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01222395.
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