Academic literature on the topic 'Operator firms'
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Journal articles on the topic "Operator firms"
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Wang, Fen, Shouzhen Zeng, and Chonghui Zhang. "A Method Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Dependent Aggregation Operators for Supplier Selection." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/481202.
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Recently, resolving the decision making problem of evaluation and ranking the potential suppliers have become as a key strategic factor for business firms. In this paper, two new intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operators are developed: dependent intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighed averaging (DIFOWA) operator and dependent intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid weighed aggregation (DIFHWA) operator. Some of their main properties are studied. A method based on the DIFHWA operator for intuitionistic fuzzy multiple attribute decision making is presented. Finally, an illustrative example concerning supplier selection is given.
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Ready, Kathryn J., Drew Stapleton, Milorad Novicevic, and Tom Kuffel. "Industry-wide response to terror: a political economy analysis of the owner/operator sector of the U.S. motorcoach industry post 9-11." Journal of Transportation Management 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jotm/1049155560.
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The authors develop a political economy framework to study the post- September 11th environmental changes and firm responses in the owner/operator sector of the U.S. motorcoach industry. Based on a comprehensive analysis of both evolutionary and revolutionary changes in the competitive and regulatory environments faced by the firms in this industry, their policy and strategic responses to the terrorist acts of September 11, 2001, on U.S. soil are examined. The industry’s response is captured (i.e., collective action response) by surveying 163 firms operating and competing in the owner/operator sector of the U.S. motorcoach industry. Several descriptive statistics are synthesized and analyzed for a structured presentation of the survey findings. In conclusion, contributions and limitations of this study, as well as directions for future research, are outlined.
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Fitzgerald, Timothy. "Experiential Gains with a New Technology: An Empirical Investigation of Hydraulic Fracturing." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 44, no. 2 (August 2015): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500010236.
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In conjunction with technologies such as horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing has transformed U.S. and world energy outlooks by adding reserves from unconventional resources. Fracturing was developed by experimentation and experience. This study empirically analyzes fracturing data for wells in the Williston Basin in North Dakota and Montana, focusing on firms' ability to improve well production over time through collaboration. Results suggest that producers gain from experience with fracturing and that proprietary additives are not generally correlated with greater production but have value for some firms. Experiential gains are stronger for operators than for contractors, but some operator-contractor pairings have productive value.
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Barth, Richard T., and Philip L. Cottell. "Factors Related to Performance Variation Among Logging-Machine Operators." Relations industrielles 32, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 565–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/028823ar.
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Despite the economic importance of large variations in individual productivity of logging-machine operators, few studies have attempted to examine the source of such variations. Based on data obtained for a total of 757 shifts of tree-felling activity, this exploratory study attempted to: (a) document variation in on-the-job performance and assign the variation to sources « within individual operators », « between operators », or « between firms »; (b) relate ob-served performance measured operator characteristics (ability and motivation); and (c) suggest ways in which average levels of job performance could be improved.
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Arief, Ikhwan, and Alfajri Nalda. "Indikator Proses Utama pada Proses Grinding dengan Pendekatan Manajemen Pengetahuan." Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri 13, no. 2 (April 22, 2016): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/josi.v13.n2.p743-759.2014.
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This study discusses aboutkey process indicators in grinding with the knowledge management approach. Common/key indicators used in the machine are workpiece, grinding wheel, dressing tool and coolant. The resulting key processeswill benefit firms and their operators especially new ones in managing scienceson grinding process that will allow knowledge transferred to new operators quickly. Process indicators are described with IDEF0 diagrams which will define the inputs, outputs, mechanisms and controls.Keywords: Knowledge Management, Grinding, IDEF0AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas tentang indikator proses utama pada proses grinding/gerinda dengan pendekatan manajemen pengetahuan. Indikator umum yang dipakai yaitu mesin, benda kerja, grinding wheel, dressing tool dan coolant. Hasil ini akan bermanfaat untuk membantu perusahaan dalam mengelola ilmu pengetahuan pada proses grinding sehingga akan memudahkan pewarisan ilmu pengetahuan kepada operator baru dari operator senior. Indikator proses digambarkan dengan IDEF0 yang memperlihatkan masukan, luaran, mekanisme dan kontrol pada proses.Kata kunci: Manajemen Pengetahuan, Grinding, IDEF0
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Poutsma, Erik, and Aad Zwaard. "Programming CNC-Equipment—The Effects of Automation in Small Industrial Enterprises." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 7, no. 2 (January 1989): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026624268900700203.
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ERIK POUTSMA and Aad Zwaard are research associates at the Economic Research Institute for Small-and Medium-sized businesses in Zoetermeer, the Netherlands. This paper focusses on the effects of new technologies in small-and medium-sized industrial businesses. The study is based on a survey of 780 enterprises in different industries and three case studies in the metals industry. One of the crucial indicators to judge the changes in work organisation and job content is where and by whom computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines are programmed. In general it can be stated that the smaller the scale of the enterprise and size of batches, the greater the number of tasks and responsibilities on the part of the operator. Furthermore, in small firms with variable runs of production, the machine operators carry out programming functions as well as tasks of optimalisation, adjustment and quality control. The number of different tasks also depends on the level of education and skills of the operator, which is slightly higher in small firms. One of the main findings is that new technologies leave room for organisational choices concerning the quality of work. If small firms are to be able to compete in the future much depends on the way they make use of modern technologies. The first concern when automation is introduced is to keep the multi-skill and autonomous character of jobs intact.
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Garcia, S., L. Guérin-Schneider, and G. Fauquert. "Analysis of water price determinants in France: cost recovery, competition for the market and operator's strategy." Water Supply 5, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0062.
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This paper explores the effects of technical factors, competition and strategies of firms on the water price in France. From data on the procedures of delegation of water utilities, we estimate a price equation, taking into account the unobserved strategies of private operators and geographical effects. We show that the local strategy of the operator has a significant impact on the water price level and that neglecting it would lead to bias the effects of other factors.
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Hedija, Veronika, Roman Fiala, and Martina Kuncová. "Is profitability a good proxy for efficiency? Evidence from the subsector of tour operators." Review of Economic Perspectives 17, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 425–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revecp-2017-0022.
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Abstract The goal of the paper is to evaluate the economic efficiency of tour operators in the Czech Republic in the period 2007-2014 using data envelopment analysis (DEA) models and prove the link between economic efficiency and profitability and to find out if profitability is a good proxy for economic efficiency. Data was exported from the database Albertina CZ Gold Edition. We calculated the efficiency score using CCR (Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes) and BCC (Banker, Charnes and Cooper) models based on 3 inputs and 1 output. In the years 2007 to 2010, the efficiency score of almost all the companies was higher than 0.5; however, in years since 2011, we revealed significant differences in the efficiency of individual firms and only about 40 percent of tour operators achieved an efficiency score higher than 0.5. Using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, our findings show that, in the case of the Czech tour operator market, profitability ratios do not correspond with firm efficiency. Profitability ratios are not a good proxy for economic efficiency and should not be used as the only firm criterion of performance.
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Brunello, Andrea, Paolo Gallo, Enrico Marzano, Angelo Montanari, and Nicola Vitacolonna. "An Event-Based Data Warehouse to Support Decisions in Multi-Channel, Multi-Service Contact Centers." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 21, no. 1 (January 2019): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.2019010103.
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Multi-channel contact centers are an increasingly important component of today's business world. They serve as a primary customer-facing channel for firms in many different industries, and employ millions of operators across the globe. During their operation, they generate vast amounts of data, ranging from automatically registered logs to handwritten notes and voice recordings. Unfortunately, in most firms, data of interest is unstructured, and stored in several databases, making their exploitation very hard. This article presents a decision support system for a multi-channel, multi-service contact center for front office business process outsourcing, along with its prospective extension to a decision management system. Its core is an enterprise-wide data warehouse, based on the general concept of an event. The proposed system supports a broad new set of advanced analysis tasks, ranging from operator performance assessment to call-flow simulation and data mining, providing operational and management staff the basis for taking effective operative and strategic decisions.
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Llorente Galera, Francisco. "Flexibilidad Funcional y Flexibilidad Financiera en las Empresas Medianas y Grandes del Sector Metal en Cataluña." Dirección y Organización, no. 58 (April 11, 2016): 44–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37610/dyo.v0i58.487.
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El artículo analiza en las empresas medianas y grandes del sector metal de Cataluña la intensidad de implantación individual y conjunta de diversas modalidades de la flexibilidad funcional y flexibilidad salarial, sus posibles relaciones, y establecer una tipología de empresas. Además, conocer si hay diferencias significativas en los ritmos de trabajo, nivel de estrés, absentismo, productividad laboral, margen de explotación y Gastos de personal/Ingresos de explotación, según el grado de aplicación de los ítems de flexibilidad seleccionados. La implantación conjunta de la mayoría de ítems de flexibilidad laboral considerados es muy reducida, obteniéndose una hibridación de empresas por su incorporación.Palabras clave: Metal, Cataluña, Flexibilidad, TrabajoFunctional flexibility and financial flexibility in large and medium-sized enterprises of the metal sector in CataloniaAbstract: This paper summarizes the theoretical characteristics of the types functional flexibility and wage flexibility. In the empirical part we check for a sample of companies in the Catalonia metal sector with at least 100 employees, if several modalities about functional flexibility are implemented. Mainly the job rotation, autonomy over work, and delegate indirect tasks to the operator. In addition also the modalities of variable pay for the operator. The individual and joint application of the items is analyzed, making a descriptive statistical analysis and bivariate association. In most companies operators are intensively responsibles for the order and clean their workplace, as well as self control, followed by prepares the machine, to search the origin of defects and their solution. Almost half firms haven’t incorporated teamwork, while cross functional teams and improvements teams are more incorporated, although the proportion that applies a high degree is low. The operator does not usually engage in maintenance of machinery nor collaborate in the development and improvement of the standard. There are limited autonomy in work organization and planification, fixing work methods and rhythm of work. The wage flexibility is low, although the pay for performance/productivity is the modality most used. The pairs of modalities of wages that are significantly are the incentives: “to fulfill team goals” and “quality”, “profit sharing” and “knowledge / skills /abilities “. Moreover it is tested whether there are significant differences according to central tendency of various items (rhythm of work, stress level, absenteeism level as well as the ratios: percentage of variable pay, labor productivity, ROS, and personnel costs/revenues) segmented according to the modality functional flexibility or wage flexibility considered. The main conclusions are that rhythms of work and absenteeism are lower when job rotation is reduced, there aren’t significant differences in productivity, but there are differences in central tendency measures of the profit margin when segmenting by the items: autonomy in work organization and planification, rhythm of work, self control, order and clean, and operator maintenance of machinery. The value of this ratio is lower when such items are reduced. Few companies incorporated most labor practices intensely. Therefore, most firms require greater joint incorporation of labor flexibility dimensions to achieve complementarities and synergies. Homals analysis is used to establish relationships between more than two qualitative variables and reduce the dimensionality by incorporating measures of discrimination. The first dimension includes mainly: the operator is responsible of seeks the origin of defects, to solve the defects found, to program the machine, the basic maintenance of the machine and analyzed data. The second dimension includes: teamwork in the production area, teams improvement voluntary, the operator involvement in continous improvement and cross teams to solve problems. We identify a typology of firms, using cluster analysis with the results of Homals. No significant differences were obtained when segmented by the 10 groups offered by the cluster.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Operator firms"
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Khayre, Abdimajid, and Jan Niklas Schmänk. "Collaborative Innovation in Family Businesses : Empirical Study on the Influence of Family Involvement in Top Management Teams." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52929.
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Background: Innovation is widely recognized to be instrumental for the sustained competitiveness of businesses, including family businesses. However, many family firms are unable to achieve innovation on their own, necessitating the shift towards collaborative innovation. Yet, due to the overlap of family and business, innovation in family firms is characterized by the so-called“innovation paradox” where family firms usually possess a greater ability to innovate but lack the willingness to do so. Accordingly, considerable attention has been given to the factors that affect the willingness of family firms in an attempt to understand and possibly resolve the innovation paradox. Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to explore how the degree of family involvement in the top management team (TMT) influences the family firm’s willingness to engage in collaborative innovation and how that influences the preferred type of collaborative innovation. By exploring the link between the degree of family involvement in TMT and the willingness in the context of collaborative innovation, our study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the innovation paradox associated with family businesses, and thereby offer important insights to practitioners, both from the family and non-family perspective. Method: Our methods were based on qualitative research with an exploratory research design and multiple case-study methods of eleven family firms. Through semi-structured interviews with both family and non-family TMT members, we gained insights into the role of family influence on family firms. We also used a cross-case analysis to compare the cases and indicate similarities and differences in order to draw our conclusions. Conclusion: The results of the study show that the degree of family involvement in the top management teams influences the family firms’ willingness to engage in collaborative innovation. Depending on the degree of family involvement as represented by the respective configurations, five patterns of influence manifestations (IM) are identified.
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Pomatailla, Gálvez Fernando. "The Secondary Market of Natural Gas. Operation and Aspects to be Implemented to Achieve an Efficient Market." Derecho & Sociedad, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118752.
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This article describes the creation and operation of a market that has been functioning since very recently in the country. It shows the stages for the implementation of this market, which begins with bilateral agreements to sell natural gas and transportation capacity between the actors involved, and later gives way to day-to-day electronic auctions. Additionally, this article shows the main contractual provisions which are often incorporated into bilateral agreements for the transference of transportation capacity. Finally, two important deficiencies that appeared in these years of operation will be analyzed, such as the restrictionon the transference of volumes of natural gas, and the exclusion from this market of capacity surpluses of the service of distribution of natural gas through pipelines that is contracted by consumers.El presente artículo describe la creación y funcionamiento de un mercado que viene funcionando hace muy poco tiempo en el país. A través de este artículo se podrá conocer las etapas para la implementación de este mercado que se inicia con acuerdos bilaterales de venta de gas natural y capacidad de transporte entre los agentes participantes, para posteriormente dar paso a las subastas electrónicas del día a día. Asimismo, se conocerá las principales disposiciones contractuales que suelen incorporarse en los acuerdos bilaterales de transferencia de capacidad de transporte. Finalmente, se analizarán dos deficiencias importantes ocurridas en estos años de funcionamiento, como son la restricción para la transferencia de volúmenes de gas natural y la no inclusión en este mercado de excedentes de capacidad del servicio de distribución por redes de ductos contratado por los consumidores.
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Carretto, Adriana Bertoldi. "Formação e gerência de redes de cooperação entre firmas. Identificação das variáveis do paradigma cooperação/competição: estudo de caso exploratório nos minidistritos industriais de São José do Rio Preto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18140/tde-30012009-085837/.
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As mudanças nos posicionamentos políticos e econômicos mundiais transformaram as configurações de mercado. A concorrência tornou-se mais acirrada, e aliada ao desenvolvimento tecnológico, passaram a exigir das empresas uma reestruturação organizacional e nos modos de gestão. O intuito foi torná-las mais ágeis, flexíveis e dinâmicas para compatibilizar sua organização aos padrões internacionais de produtividade, competitividade e qualidade. Neste contexto, surgiram as redes de cooperação entre firmas. Como definição elas são organizações virtuais e horizontais, com firmas dispostas em posições simétricas ou assimétricas. Normalmente, elas estão instaladas em diversas localidades e dispõem seus processos de produção interligados. O interesse comum a estas firmas é atuarem de forma cooperada, numa parceria. Ao atuarem como cooperadas, elas obtêm vantagens competitivas e partilham informações, conhecimento e tecnologia. Essa parceria pode ser, muitas vezes, composta por uma relação frágil existindo a possibilidade de se desfazer a qualquer momento. Essa instabilidade expõe as firmas a um dilema, que consiste em agirem como cooperadas ou competidoras. A instauração do paradigma cooperação/competição, numa rede de cooperação entre firmas, ocorre pela natureza da ligação que une os componentes dessa rede. Assim, ao identificar as variáveis endógenas (comportamentais) e exógenas (custos de transação e ambientes institucionais) que compõem o paradigma cooperação/competição o processo de formação de redes de cooperação entre firmas pode ser compreendido. Além de um estudo teórico sobre o assunto, haverá uma identificação empírica das variáveis, através de um estudo de caso referente aos minidistritos industriais e de serviços, da cidade de São José do Rio Preto.The changes in the world political and economic positioning have transformed the market configurations. Competition has became tougher and, along with the technological development, started to demand organizational restructuring of the businesses and the managerial modes. The goal was to make them more agile, flexible and dynamic to make the organization compatible to the international standards of productivity, competition and quality. In this context came the intra-firm cooperation networks. As a definition, they are virtual and horizontal organizations, being displayed in symmetric or asymmetric positions. Normally they are installed in different places and have their production processes interconnected. The common interest of these firms is to work on a cooperated basis, in a partnership. By working on a cooperated basis they obtain cooperative advantages and share information, knowledge and technology. Many times this partnership can be made up of a frail relationship having the possibility of dissolving at any moment. This instability exposes the firms to a dilemma which consists in acting as either cooperated or competitors. The instauration of the paradigm cooperation/competition, inside an intrafirm cooperation network, occurs upon the nature of the connection which binds the components to this net. Thus, in identifying the endogenous (behavioral) and exogenous (transaction costs and institutional environment) which make up the paradigm cooperation/competition, the intra-firm cooperation network formation process can be understood. Aside from a theoretical study about the issue, there will be an empiric identification of the variables through a case study referent to the mini-districts industrial and of services from the city of São José do Rio Preto.
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Singh, Sauman. "Entry and operation strategies of Indian pharmaceutical firms in Africa under the dynamics of markets and institutions." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0238/document.
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La thèse démontre que l'environnement protectionniste en Inde a contribué à bâtir une industrie pharmaceutique solide. L'arrivée simultanée de l'Accord ADPIC et de la libéralisation économique a créé des « push factors » à la fois compétitifs et favorables, obligeant les firmes pharmaceutiques indiennes (FPI) à chercher de nouvelles voies de croissance à l’étranger. Les politiques des pays africains en faveur des génériques, l’action des organisations internationales et la nouvelle gouvernance des marchés financés par les bailleurs de fonds ont aussi induits des « pull factors » permettant aux FPI de s'engager davantage sur ces marchés. Cette thèse montre à travers le cas du Mali que le marché en Afrique de l’Ouest francophone est divisé en quatre segments – le marché public financé par l'État et par des donateurs et le marché privé formel et informel – avec des réglementations différentes. Les FPI n'utilisent que l'exportation dans ces pays, mais leurs organisations varient selon le segment dans lequel elles souhaitent opérer. Enfin, ce travail utilise l’étude du Synriam, un nouvel antipaludéen pour montrer que Ranbaxy a utilisé le partenariat avec Medicines for Malaria Venture pour développer ses capacités, accéder à de nouveaux marchés et gagner en légitimité. Cette étude met en évidence que les organisations internationales peuvent créer des barrières institutionnelles et influencer les stratégies d'entrée des firmes. En conclusion, cette thèse illustre la richesse et la complexité du marché pharmaceutique africain et démontre également que les stratégies d'entrée sur le marché et d'exploitation des FPI sont influencées par l'environnement institutionnel sous-jacentThis dissertation first shows that the early protectionist environment in India helped build a robust indigenous pharmaceutical industry. The simultaneous arrival of TRIPS and economic liberalization created both competitive and supportive push factors forcing Indian firms to look for new avenues of growth beyond national boundaries. Generic supporting policies of African countries, the action of international organizations and the new governance of donor-funded markets also acted as pull factors for Indian firms to engage in these markets.Next, taking the case of Mali, the thesis shows that the pharmaceutical market in Francophone West African countries is divided into four specific segments – government and donor-funded public and formal and informal private markets – with different regulatory characteristics. Indian firms are using only export to operate in these countries, but the organization of export varies according to the segment in which a firm intends to operate. Lastly, it takes the case of Synriam, a new antimalarial to show that Ranbaxy used the partnership with Medicines for Malaria Venture for developing capabilities, accessing new markets and gaining legitimacy. The case also reflects that international organizations may create institutional barriers and influence the market entry strategy of firms. To conclude, this thesis illustrates the richness and complexities of the African pharmaceutical market and shows that market entry and operation strategies of Indian firms are influenced by the underlying institutional environment
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Pottaki, Iphigenia. "Competition and co-operation in Europe : new perspectives, old ideas and the experience of Greek co-operatives." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365528.
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Šťastný, Michal. "Optimalizace uspořádání lisovací linky na výrobu reflektorů ve firmě Automotive Lighting." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230428.
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This thesis deals with optimization of a press line part for the manufacture of reflectors present at the Automotive Lighting Company, Jihlava. The first part focuses on describing the current workplace layout of the press line. The workplaces are located inconveniently and thus require a larger number of operators and a considerable amount of manual work. The second part of the thesis proposes layout solutions for the injection presses and for other machine parts. At the same time, a smoother transition design is proposed for the press line and for the manufacturing section that follows. Based on an evaluation of selected criteria, the optimum version is chosen, thereby adding to the efficiency of the molding process by reducing the number of operators required, by lowering the proportion of manual work relative to other activities, and by limiting the risk of poor quality. The conclusion of the thesis sums up the necessary investment costs and offers an economic assessment of introducing the selected press line arrangement to operation.
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Brachtlová, Veronika. "Optimální výrobní strategie vybrané firmy v oblasti strojírenství." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261762.
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The topic of this diploma thesis is "Optimal production strategy of the chosen company in the area of mechanical engineering" - namely the EUTECH join stock company, or more precisely its toolshop division, which deals with the manufacture of injection moulds, parts and production of special devices for aircraft industry. The aim of the paper is to evaluate, according to the defined factors, what is for the EUTECH join stock company more favourable - invest in purchase of the 5-Axis CNC machining center technology and deal with this process inside of the company or ensure this technology in cooperation with another companies. The thesis is divided into two main parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, the subjects of operation management theory and production are dealt with. The practical part deals with the production strategy of the EUTECH join stock company, or more precisely of its toolshop division in detail. The company is briefly introduced, the situational analysis of division toolshop is conducted and the production process of the company is examined. The final chapter deals with the use of cooperation in the toolshop division. The main and other factors affecting the choice of "product or sell" strategy are evaluated and consequently is decided which strategy is in case of the 5-Axis CNC machining center technology more favourable.
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Baris, Gulfidan. "Resources, co-operation and strategy : the case of small and medium-sized Turkish textile firms." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427917.
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Kang, Dan (Dan Dong Woo). "Cross-border expansion strategy of U.S. real estate development firms : entry and operation models in Brazil." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84174.
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Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 58-60).
Over the past several decades, technological advances, the spread of free-market ideology and the shifting of the economic center of the world have resulted in an incredible transformation of the world into a globalized, interdependent place. The term "globalization" has become an essential keyword associated with business in the modern world, creating great opportunities for U.S. firms to seek future growth potential in the global arena, especially in emerging markets that are undergoing rapid economic development. Although the real estate industry has achieved some level of globalization in general, the development sector is one area of a broad real estate industry that has yet to show significant strides in global expansion activities. The purpose of this study is to examine the current business landscape of U.S. real estate developers' globalization efforts and to create a qualitative analysis of why globalization works / does not work for real estate developers based in the U.S. The ultimate question the study asks and answers is what are the key strategies that U.S.-based real estate developers should use to develop real estate property in emerging markets (Brazil, in particular)? Brazil was extensively investigated as the topic of this research. The research discovered some development risks in Brazil associated with the high levels of bureaucracy, tenants' perception of the product and lack of market intermediaries. A number of American real estate development firms have successfully overcome these hurdles by forming strategic alliances with local partners and adequately responding to cultural and administrative distances between Brazil and the U.S.
by Dan (Dong Woo) Kang.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
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Millová, Terézia. "Kombinácia simulačných metód a metód viackriteriálneho rozhodovania pri volbe taríf mobilných operátorov z hľadiska firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4454.
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Because of the high penetration of private market, mobile operators are forced to focus on the services offered to another customer segment. Recently, corporate customers are seen as a promising segment and the competition within this segment is rising significantly. The growth of the competition and offer enhancement force companies to understand the decision making process in purchasing mobile services as much as possible. It is not only time consuming but also financially demanding for management even in small firms. This decision making process, that the companies go through, is the main topic of this Master Thesis. Main goal is neither to choose particular vendor of the mobile services nor to choose particular mobile tariff from the recent market offer but to inform about possibilities proposed by mathematical methods in the decision making area. In the Master Thesis different methods are suggested, compared and combined with the target to enable companies to make the right decision concerning their specific requirements.
Books on the topic "Operator firms"
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Seminar, European Teachers'. International co-operation of training firms. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 1995.
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Haroon, Maryiam. The effects of agglomeration on the formation and scale of operation of new firms. Lahore: Lahore School of Economics, 2013.
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Lazega, Emmanuel. The collegial phenomenon: The social mechanisms of co-operation among peers in a corporate law partnership. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
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Pomroy, William H. Design and operation of four prototype fire detection systems in noncoal underground mines. [Pittsburgh, Pa.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1985.
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Operation pet rescue: Animal survivors of the Oakland, California, firestorm. Exeter, N.H: J.N. Townsend Pub., 1994.
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Czaban, Laszlo. Common legacies-divergent contactual relations: Inter-firm co-operation in transition in Ukraine and Estonia. Manchester: Manchester Business School, 2003.
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Hirst, Ben A. Exam prep: Fire department apparatus driver operator. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2005.
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Moore, Austin. A current review of the Quality Control System in operation at Farm Fed Chickens and the changes required for the aquisition of BS 5750. [s. l: The Author], 1991.
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Gasperini, Chiara, and Tommaso Rafanelli. SIMdisaster. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-616-7.
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SIMdisaster is a simulation software conceived to respond to the training needs of health operators managing aid in maxi-emergencies, since the reproduction of such events for didactic purposes proves to be both complex and costly. SimDisaster reconstructs the scenario of a catastrophe using photos and films manipulated using computer graphics and integrated with three-dimensional objects generated by the computer. An interactive interface makes it possible to assess the scenario and hence take decisions about the logistics of aid operations, the choice of auto-protection techniques, triage intervention and maintenance of the principal vital functions. The scenario then evolves in real time depending on the choices made by the user.
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Nuttall, Trevor. The role of local authorities in promoting the creation or operation of small or medium-sized firms within a generalpolicy of endogenous development. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Operator firms"
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Starewicz, Ladislas. "The Cameraman’s Revenge (Mest’ kinematografičeskogo operatora)." In 100 Silent Films, 46–47. London: British Film Institute, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84457-569-5_18.
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McCay, Winsor. "How a Mosquito Operates." In 100 Silent Films, 101–3. London: British Film Institute, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84457-569-5_42.
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Turner, Peter. "Camera Operator Interaction with Viewers and Profilmic Subjects." In Found Footage Horror Films, 119–46. London; New York: Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429425486-5.
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Westgren, Randall E., and Larry J. Martin. "The Heterogeneity of Firms: Where Public Policy and Firm Strategy Collide." In Government and the Food Industry: Economic and Political Effects of Conflict and Co-Operation, 399–416. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6221-4_23.
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Jeannet, Jean-Pierre, Thierry Volery, Heiko Bergmann, and Cornelia Amstutz. "Supply Chain Choices." In Masterpieces of Swiss Entrepreneurship, 183–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65287-6_18.
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AbstractTo what extent did SMEs consider active involvement in production as a necessary element of their strategy and how they approached value chain integration to enhance their efficiency are the focus of this chapter. Driven by the necessity of economics and efficiency, SMEs have taken different directions on the integration of their supply chains, ranging from purchasing of components to the final assembly of products. There are a number of integrators who cover the entire supply chain with their firms, sometime even acquiring key suppliers. Many more of the companies are partial integrators, and a few can be characterized as assemblers only. Two examples of firms exist who are specifiers/designers, and operate without their own manufacturing operation, having adopted the fabless state.
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Kahraman, Cengiz, Sezi Cevik Onar, and Basar Oztaysi. "Performance Measurement of Debt Collection Firms Using Spherical Fuzzy Aggregation Operators." In Intelligent and Fuzzy Techniques in Big Data Analytics and Decision Making, 506–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23756-1_63.
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Jeannet, Jean-Pierre, Thierry Volery, Heiko Bergmann, and Cornelia Amstutz. "Production Footprint Choices." In Masterpieces of Swiss Entrepreneurship, 151–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65287-6_14.
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AbstractHow SMEs decided on how to arrange their production footprint, trading-off production in Switzerland vs. offshoring, and how they decided on component sourcing, as well as how they dealt with asset plays related to production, is reviewed in this chapter. Starting as exporters, some firms have retained an exclusively Swiss-based production footprint. As companies grew, they increasingly adopted a modified Swiss manufacturing footprint with core steps still produced in Switzerland. Beyond, some firms have adopted both Swiss and international production where some international markets are supplied with Swiss produced products. Some of the largest firms in the research have pursued a globally distributed production where only a small portion of value added is produced in Switzerland. Offshoring, with no production operation in Switzerland, is the adopted model of very few companies.
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Christensen, G. S., and S. A. Soliman. "Optimization of the Firm Hydro Energy Capability for Hydroelectric Systems." In Optimal Long-Term Operation of Electric Power Systems, 153–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5493-2_6.
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Mijatović, Ivana, Mladen Čudanov, and Jovan Krivokapić. "Development of Co-Operation-Based Company Standards: The Case of Innovative Practice in Public Service Companies." In Innovative Management and Firm Performance, 200–213. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137402226_10.
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Brunello, Andrea, Paolo Gallo, Enrico Marzano, Angelo Montanari, and Nicola Vitacolonna. "An Event-Based Data Warehouse to Support Decisions in Multi-Channel, Multi-Service Contact Centers." In Research Anthology on Decision Support Systems and Decision Management in Healthcare, Business, and Engineering, 880–900. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9023-2.ch043.
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Multi-channel contact centers are an increasingly important component of today's business world. They serve as a primary customer-facing channel for firms in many different industries, and employ millions of operators across the globe. During their operation, they generate vast amounts of data, ranging from automatically registered logs to handwritten notes and voice recordings. Unfortunately, in most firms, data of interest is unstructured, and stored in several databases, making their exploitation very hard. This article presents a decision support system for a multi-channel, multi-service contact center for front office business process outsourcing, along with its prospective extension to a decision management system. Its core is an enterprise-wide data warehouse, based on the general concept of an event. The proposed system supports a broad new set of advanced analysis tasks, ranging from operator performance assessment to call-flow simulation and data mining, providing operational and management staff the basis for taking effective operative and strategic decisions.
Conference papers on the topic "Operator firms"
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Sebaaly, Milad Fares, and Hideo Fujimoto. "A New Crossover Operator for Assembly Sequence Planning by Genetic Algorithms." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/fas-1359.
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Abstract Assembly Sequence Planning (ASP) is the generation of the best or optimal sequence to assemble a certain product, given its design files. Although many planners were introduced in research to solve this problem automatically, it is still solved manually in many advanced assembly firms. The reason behind this is that most introduced planners are very sensitive to large increases in product parts. In fact, most of these planners seek the exact solution, while performing a part basis decision process. As a result, they are trapped in tedious and exhaustive search procedures, which make them inefficient and sometimes obsolete. To overcome these difficulties, Sebaaly and Fujimoto (1996) introduced a new concept of ASP based on Genetic Algorithms application, where the search procedure is performed on a sequence population basis rather than a part basis, and a best sequence is generated without searching the complete set of potential candidates. This paper addresses the problem of improving the GA performance for assembly application, by introducing a new crossover operator. The genetic material can be divided and classified as ‘good’ or ‘bad’. The new crossover insures the maximum transmission of ‘good’ features from one generation to another. This results in a faster GA convergence. The performance of the new algorithm is compared with that of the ordinary matrix crossover for a modified industrial example, where it proved to be faster and more efficient.
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Bertoldo, S., L. Corgnati, A. Losso, and G. Perona. "Safety in forest fire fighting action: a new radiometric model to evaluate the safety distance for firemen working with hand-operated systems." In FOREST FIRES 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fiva120011.
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Lea, Richard H. "Development of New International Standards for Composite Piping Systems for the Marine and Offshore Oil and Gas Industries." In ASME 2001 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2001-17037.
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Abstract The development of international standards for composite piping systems that are used in the Marine and Offshore Oil & Gas Industries is a recognized customer need. These industries are global in nature. It is not uncommon to see project specifications written in London and Houston, fabrication of the vessel hull in a Korean yard, topsides construction in Indonesia and project location off the coast of West Africa. Operator supplied specifications could come from The Netherlands, France, Norway as well as numerous other countries. In addition, certifying agencies such as ABS, Lloyds or DNV could be involved that must follow international maritime rules and regulations. A concerted effort has been made within the past five years to address these issues. Operators worldwide have come together with composite pipe manufacturers, engineering firms and certifying agencies to develop international standards that address these issues. Anyone considering the use of composite piping in the Marine and/or Offshore Oil & Gas Industries should consider the ASTM and ISO Standards that are in the final stages of development. ASTMF-1173 Rewrite is a purchasing document that is being balloted at the present time. It was developed by ASTM F25.13.03 workgroup. ISO WD 15840 is the international version of ASTM F-1173 Rewrite. It has been circulated to the international community for comments. It was developed by ISO/TC8/SC3/WG4. ISO WD 14692 is a rewrite of original United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association (UKOOA) document that was adopted in March 1994. It has been circulated to the international community for comments and is in it’s final stage of development. It was developed by ISO/TC 67/SC 6/WG 5. This document is an engineering specification and recommended practice document. When finalized and passed by the various committees ISO 15840 and ISO 14692 should be used in conjunction with each other. They are compatible documents based on performance criteria. It is the opinion of many who have been in the composite pipe business for over 20 years that these are the most important documents ever developed by our industry. They are grossly overdue. However, while standards are a recognized customer need, standards that are not fully understood by operators, piping engineers and installation teams can be dangerous and misinterpreted. Knowledge of the unique properties of composite materials must be a perquisite to those using these standards. Standards that are not fully understood in the hands of the uneducated is a formula for disaster.
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Akbari, Mohammadreza, Steven J Clarke, and Shaghayegh Maleki Far. "Outsourcing Best Practice - The Case of Large Construction Firms in Iran." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3737.
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Aim/Purpose: During an evolutionary time for Iran the purpose of this research study was to establish the outsourcing best practices in the area of supply chain by investigating in the construction firms in Iran, which is identified as the most successful industry in outsourcing. Background: Clarifying outsourcing decisions have been a difficult and challenging task because the outsourcing itself is complex. Meanwhile, the construction industry is recognized as one of the most complex and vibrant industries, although no concentration was set to outsourcing practices and its approach in construction firms in Iran. This paper aims to address this gap. Methodology: Based on a combination of academic literature, screening interviews, and survey, data was collected from Iranian construction firms involved in outsourcing. Participants were senior managers and CEOs from twenty one large construction firms in Tehran. The analysis methods in this study were centered on comparative analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and relative important indices. Contribution: The paper offers insight into outsourcing decisions, focusing on Iranian construction firms. Findings: The findings identified that construction firms regularly choose to outsource their operation functions/processes to find operational expertise, a wider pool of knowledge and experience, and cost restructuring. The study revealed that selective outsourcing was the popular practiced outsourcing type in construction firms. On the other hand, the study has acknowledged that construction firms mainly practiced strategic outsourcing as a level of outsourcing. The study established that conducting a need analysis prior to making the outsourcing decision is the outsourcing success element for Iranian construction firms. Lastly, the result shows that nearly two thirds of the large construction firms were identified as successful at outsourcing process. Recommendations for Practitioners and Researchers: The outcomes of this research offer practical value for construction managers and researchers to choose the best outsourcing practices method. Impact on Society As the sanctions are removed, it is predicted the economic settings in Iran will become more firm and the findings of the study will assist the successful implementation of outsourcing in economic growth of Iran. Future Research: To further development of this study, an in-depth investigation into risks involved in outsourcing, reasons to insource, economical and environmental effects on outsourcing process, cultural and social effects, as well as the result of sanctions on the process of outsourcing can provide more insight to the outsourcing practitioners.
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Lakshminarayana, Ramaprasad E., and Shun Takai. "An Approach for Improving Design of System Variants." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14989.
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In the past decades, firms have increased automated assembly operation to improve productivity and reduce human errors; however, manual assembling is still a necessary operation for complex and large-scaled systems that require high reliability. Furthermore, since customers demand more variety in systems, firms increasingly assemble variants of a system in a single assembly line. In this mixed model assembling operation, there are higher chances of assembly errors due to interchanging of geometrically similar parts between system variants. Design for Assembly (DFA) is a design guideline that assists engineers to design systems that are easier to assemble; however, DFA does not provide any guideline for simultaneously designing variants of system being assembled in mixed model operation. Furthermore, incentive schemes for assembly operators that may influence both assembly productivity and errors have not been the scope of DFA research. In this research, the authors conducted assembling experiments with students to investigate how non-geometric part information and incentive schemes affect the assembly productivity and quality in mixed model assembling operation.
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Hauck, Paul L., Anthony M. LoRe, and Kevin Trytek. "Has the Time Come for More Publicly Operated WTE Facilities in the United States?" In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5416.
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When the current generation of U.S. waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities was developed during the 1980s and early 1990s, there were a large number of companies competing to design, build, operate and maintain them under a long term contract. Over the years, almost all of these firms have left the WTE business for a variety of reasons leaving essentially only two U.S. firms actively competing for renewed operating and maintenance (O&M) contracts for publicly owned WTE facilities. This consolidation has significantly reduced the level of competition for public owners who are interested in rebidding their WTE O&M contracts at the end of their initial or extended terms and, as a result, has the potential to increase the cost of service. Consolidation has likewise reduced the level of competition for potential new WTE projects in the U.S. This paper reviews the history of public sector operation of WTE facilities in the U.S., the unique challenges presented by public operation and whether it is time for more public owners to consider this alternative for existing WTE facilities in light of the lack of competition by private operating companies. Perceived risks and impediments to public operation of WTE facilities and suggestions on how to overcome them are presented as well as the benefits and opportunities available to public owners. The keys to a successful public WTE operating venture are also discussed based on the experiences of ecomaine, a consortium of 21 member municipalities in southern Maine that have operated and maintained their own 550 ton per day (tpd) WTE facility for more than 20 years. Public versus private operating practices for European WTE facilities are also explored as well as public ownership and operation of new WTE facilities including those based on alternative or emerging technologies.
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Lakshminarayana, Ramaprasad E., and Shun Takai. "Effects of Non-Geometric Features and Incentive Schemes on Manual Assembly of System Variants: An Experimental Study." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42419.
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Although numerous firms have been shifting toward automated assembly, most still rely on manual assembly when complex assembly operation is required for large-scaled systems. Furthermore, because firms design variants of a system to satisfy diverse customer needs, they may manufacture these system variants in the same assembly line. This type of operation, called mixed model assembly, may improve the utilization of existing manufacturing facilities; however, it may also increase assembly errors due to interchanging geometrically similar parts between system variants. Design for Assembly (DFA) is a design guideline that assists engineers in designing systems that are easier to assemble. However, because DFA guidelines group geometrically similar parts in the same part category, it may be impossible to distinguish geometrically similar but functionally different parts (modules) used in different systems. This paper proposes experimenting how cognitive effects of non-geometric part features influence the productivity and quality in mixed model assembly operations. Furthermore, because the productivity and quality of manual assembly may be influenced by the motivation of operators, this paper examines how productivity and quality may be influenced by different incentive schemes.
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Miled, Mohamed Sahbi, and Claude Fiore. "The “Authorized Economic Operator” certification and firm performance." In 2014 International Conference on Advanced Logistics and Transport (ICALT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icadlt.2014.6864112.
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Álvarez-Tamayo, Ricardo-Iván, Patricia Prieto-Cortés, Antonio Barcelata-Pinzón, Manuel García-Méndez, and Griselda Saldaña-González. "Single-tunable and dual-wavelength operation of a passive Q-switch double-Clad Er-Yb fiber laser based on the use of a titanium-oxynitride-coated fiber ball lens." In Nanoengineering: Fabrication, Properties, Optics, Thin Films, and Devices XVIII, edited by Wounjhang Park, André-Jean Attias, and Balaji Panchapakesan. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2594326.
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Oruc, A., and Fred Flinstone. "Tanker Industry is More Ready against Cyber Threats." In International Conference on Marine Engineering and Technology Oman. London: IMarEST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/icmet.oman.2019.030.
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Cyber security in the maritime industry became crucial due to both academic researches and incidents. There are academic studies that show vulnerabilities in various navigation equipments such as GPS, ECDIS, AIS and ARPA-Radar. Additionally, there are different cyber incidents around the world. Developments in technology, autonomous ship projects, academic studies and cyber incidents in the sector put in action IMO. As per ISM Code, all shipping companies are mandatory to add “Guidelines on Maritime Cyber Risk Management” manual to their SMS manuals until 1st January 2021. Both OCIMF and CDI failed to be indifferent to developments that are important for tanker operators as well as IMO. While OCIMF added cybersecurity-related questions to vetting programs called TMSA 3 and VIQ 7, CDI also added cybersecurity-related items in SIR 9.8.1 edition. On the other hand, RightShip provides significant vetting service for dry cargo ships. “Inspection and Assessment Report” is issued by RigthShip for dry cargo ships. Questions related with cybersecurity was added with Revision No: 11 dated on 11th May 2017 in “Inspection and Assessment Report”. In this study, cyber security related questions which are asked during TMSA, SIRE and CDI vettings which play a critical role for commercial life of tanker firms, were analyzed. Moreover, questions and efficiency of RightShip that offers vetting service for dry cargo ships, were assessed to maritime cyber security. Also, cybersecurity-related questions in vetting questionnaires were interpreted by the author. These comments rely on benchmarking meetings among tanker operators where the author personally attended, and interview with key persons. Noted observations during vettings may negatively impact both commercial life and reputation of the tanker operators. That’s why the firm names and interviewee names were kept confidential. In this study, it was seen that although IMO demanded verification of cyber security-related implementations for the ship operators until 1st January 2021, this process started earlier for tanker operators.
Reports on the topic "Operator firms"
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Ayres, João, and Gajendran Raveendranathan. Firm Entry and Exit during Recessions. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003356.
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We analyze shocks to productivity, collateral constraint (credit shock), firm operation, and labor disutility in a model of firm dynamics with entry and exit. Shocks to firm operation and labor disutility capture COVID-19 lockdowns. Compared to the productivity shock, the credit and the lockdown shocks generate larger changes in firm entry and exit. The credit shock accounts for lower entry, higher exit, and concentration of exit among young firms during the Great Recession. The lockdown shocks predict a large fall in entry and rise in exit followed by a sharp rebound. In both recessions, changes in entry and exit account for 10-20 percent of the fall in output and hours. Finally, we discuss how the modeling of potential entrants matters for the quantitative results.
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Saha, Amrita, Jodie Thorpe, Keir Macdonald, and Kelbesa Megersa. Linking Business Environment Reform with Gender and Inclusion: A Study of Business Licensing Reform in Indonesia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.001.
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Business environment reform (BER) targets inadequate business regulations. It is intended to remove constraints to business investment, enabling growth and job creation, and create opportunities for international business to contribute to and benefit from this growth. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge of the impact of BER on gender and inclusion (G&I). While a review of existing literature suggests that in general, there is no direct link between BER and G&I, indirect links are likely through the influence of BER on firm performance. Outcomes will be influenced by the differential ways in which women-led firms experience the business environment when compared to their male counterparts, with disparities based on how they are treated under the law, as well as structural and sociocultural factors. The fact that in many countries, female-led firms are fewer and smaller than those of their male counterparts, and may operate in different sectors, also affects these dynamics. This research offers new insights through an in-depth analysis of the impact of the Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (PTSP) or one-stop shop business licensing reform in 2009 on firm performance in Indonesia, and how these impacts vary based on the gender of firm leadership. The results find that on average, firms benefited from improved business performance (sales), as a direct or indirect effect of this reform, as well as an increase in the number of medium and large-scale firms. Outside Jakarta (Bali, Banten, Lampung), women-led firms experienced a small but significant benefit relative to male-led firms, related to both sales and the number of medium and large-scale firms they run. In Jakarta, women-led firms continued to lag behind men and there were no significant effects on employment, and this held across province and gender. These findings are based on an analysis of the PTSP reform using data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), a survey of small, medium and large firms (i.e. with more than four employees) which took place in Indonesia between 2009 and 2015.
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Tennant, David. Business Surveys on the Impact of COVID-19 on Jamaican Firms. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003251.
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The datasets come from two surveys of Jamaican businesses conducted between May and June 2020. Two sets of self-administered surveys were conducted using Survey Monkey. A very small sample of financial institutions was surveyed to gain perspective on the challenges facing financiers as a result of the pandemic, and their efforts to respond to such challenges. Nine financial institutions completed this survey, and the results were used to complement the information derived from the second and major survey. The second survey targeted non-financial businesses operating in Jamaica. The sample of firms was selected from a list of all registered Jamaican firms, obtained from the Companies Office of Jamaica. A stratified random sample was used based on firm type, region, and sector. Some firms may have also participated in the study through contact made by their respective affiliations, which were approached to endorse the study and encourage their members to engage. A total of 390 firms completed the second survey. A significant degree of representation was achieved across size, type and age of business, sector and location of operation. Good gender representation was also achieved.
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Aalto, Juha, and Ari Venäläinen, eds. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.
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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.
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Manzello, Samuel L., and Sayaka Suzuki. Summary of Workshop for Fire-Structure Interaction and Large Outdoor Fires: Operation Tomodachi: Fire Research. National Institute of Standards and Technology, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.1189.
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Doo, Johnny. Unsettled Issues Concerning eVTOL for Rapid-response, On-demand Firefighting. SAE International, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021017.
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Recent advancements of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have generated significant interest within and beyond the traditional aviation industry, and many novel applications have been identified and are in development. One promising application for these innovative systems is in firefighting, with eVTOL aircraft complementing current firefighting capabilities to help save lives and reduce fire-induced damages. With increased global occurrences and scales of wildfires—not to mention the issues firefighters face during urban and rural firefighting operations daily—eVTOL technology could offer timely, on-demand, and potentially cost-effective aerial mobility capabilities to counter these challenges. Early detection and suppression of wildfires could prevent many fires from becoming large-scale disasters. eVTOL aircraft may not have the capacity of larger aerial assets for firefighting, but targeted suppression, potentially in swarm operations, could be valuable. Most importantly, on-demand aerial extraction of firefighters can be a crucial benefit during wildfire control operations. Aerial firefighter dispatch from local fire stations or vertiports can result in more effective operations, and targeted aerial fire suppression and civilian extraction from high-rise buildings could enhance capabilities significantly. There are some challenges that need to be addressed before the identified capabilities and benefits are realized at scale, including the development of firefighting-specific eVTOL vehicles; sense and avoid capabilities in complex, smoke-inhibited environments; autonomous and remote operating capabilities; charging system compatibility and availability; operator and controller training; dynamic airspace management; and vehicle/fleet logistics and support. Acceptance from both the first-responder community and the general public is also critical for the successful implementation of these new capabilities. The purpose of this report is to identify the benefits and challenges of implementation, as well as some of the potential solutions. Based on the rapid development progress of eVTOL aircraft and infrastructures with proactive community engagement, it is envisioned that these challenges can be addressed soon. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. These reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
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Latané, Annah, Jean-Michel Voisard, and Alice Olive Brower. Senegal Farmer Networks Respond to COVID-19. RTI Press, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0045.2106.
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This study leveraged existing data infrastructure and relationships from the Feed the Future Senegal Naatal Mbay (“flourishing agriculture”) project, funded by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by RTI International from 2015 to 2019. The research informed and empowered farmer organizations to track and respond to rural households in 2020 as they faced the COVID-19 pandemic. Farmer organizations, with support from RTI and local ICT firm STATINFO, administered a survey to a sample of 800 agricultural households that are members of four former Naatal Mbay–supported farmer organizations in two rounds in August and October 2020. Focus group discussions were conducted with network leadership pre- and post–data collection to contextualize the experience of the COVID-19 shock and to validate findings. The results showed that farmers were already reacting to the effects of low rainfall during the 2019 growing season and that COVID-19 compounded the shock through disrupted communications and interregional travel bans, creating food shortages and pressure to divert seed stocks for food. Food insecurity effects, measured through the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and cereals stocks, were found to be greater for households in the Casamance region than in the Kaolack and Kaffrine regions. The findings also indicate that farmer networks deployed a coordinated response comprising food aid and access to personal protective equipment, distribution of short-cycle legumes and grains (e.g., cowpea, maize) and vegetable seeds, protection measures for cereals seeds, and financial innovations with banks. However, food stocks were expected to recover as harvesting began in October 2020, and the networks were planning to accelerate seed multiplication, diversify crops beyond cereals, improve communication across the network. and mainstream access to financial instruments in the 2021 growing season. The research indicated that the previous USAID-funded project had likely contributed to the networks’ COVID-19 resilience capacities by building social capital and fostering the new use of tools and technologies over the years it operated.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.
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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2020.
Full textAbstract:
The Colombian financial system has not suffered major structural disruptions during these months of deep economic contraction and has continued to carry out its basic functions as usual, thus facilitating the economy's response to extreme conditions. This is the result of the soundness of financial institutions at the beginning of the crisis, which was reflected in high liquidity and capital adequacy indicators as well as in the timely response of various authorities. Banco de la República lowered its policy interest rates 250 points to 1.75%, the lowest level since the creation of the new independent bank in 1991, and provided ample temporary and permanent liquidity in both pesos and foreign currency. The Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia, in turn, adopted prudential measures to facilitate changes in the conditions for loans in effect and temporary rules for rating and loan-loss provisions. Finally, the national government expanded the transfers as well as the guaranteed credit programs for the economy. The supply of real credit (i.e. discounting inflation) in the economy is 4% higher today than it was 12 months ago with especially marked growth in the housing (5.6%) and commercial (4.7%) loan portfolios (2.3% in consumer and -0.1% in microloans), but there have been significant changes over time. During the first few months of the quarantine, firms increased their demands for liquidity sharply while consumers reduced theirs. Since then, the growth of credit to firms has tended to slow down, while consumer and housing credit has grown. The financial system has responded satisfactorily to the changes in the respective demands of each group or sector and loans may grow at high rates in 2021 if GDP grows at rates close to 4.6% as the technical staff at the Bank expects; but the forecasts are highly uncertain. After the strict quarantine implemented by authorities in Colombia, the turmoil seen in March and early April, which was evident in the sudden reddening of macroeconomic variables on the risk heatmap in Graph A,[1] and the drop in crude oil and coal prices (note the high volatility registered in market risk for the region on Graph A) the local financial markets stabilized relatively quickly. Banco de la República’s credible and sustained policy response played a decisive role in this stabilization in terms of liquidity provision through a sharp expansion of repo operations (and changes in amounts, terms, counterparties, and eligible instruments), the purchases of public and private debt, and the reduction in bank reserve requirements. In this respect, there is now abundant aggregate liquidity and significant improvements in the liquidity position of investment funds. In this context, the main vulnerability factor for financial stability in the short term is still the high degree of uncertainty surrounding loan quality. First, the future trajectory of the number of people infected and deceased by the virus and the possible need for additional health measures is uncertain. For that reason, there is also uncertainty about the path for economic recovery in the short and medium term. Second, the degree to which the current shock will be reflected in loan quality once the risk materializes in banks’ financial statements is uncertain. For the time being, the credit risk heatmap (Graph B) indicates that non-performing and risky loans have not shown major deterioration, but past experience indicates that periods of sharp economic slowdown eventually tend to coincide with rises in non-performing loans: the calculations included in this report suggest that the impact of the recession on credit quality could be significant in the short term. This is particularly worrying since the profitability of credit establishments has been declining in recent months, and this could affect their ability to provide credit to the real sector of the economy. In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to this vulnerability, this Report presents several stress tests that evaluate the resilience of the liquidity and capital adequacy of credit institutions and investment funds in the event of a hypothetical scenario that seeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The results suggest that even though there could be strong impacts on the credit institutions’ volume of credit and profitability under such scenarios, aggregate indicators of total and core capital adequacy will probably remain at levels that are above the regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. At the same time, the exercises highlight the high capacity of the system's liquidity to face adverse scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system's security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth operation of the payment systems. Juan José Echavarría Governor