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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Operations of discourses'
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Larsen, Pia. "Discourse and Configurations of Gender." University of Sydney. Sydney College of the Arts Library, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/717.
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My research paper is an investigation of the discourse of gender in relation to the work of Michel Foucault, Susan Bordo, Judith Butler and the artists Louise Bourgeois, Fiona Hall, Jo Spence and Neil Emmerson. I have applied Foucault's notion of the formation, necessity and operations of discourses as the basis from which ideas can be articulated, and the context within which notions of gender are formulated and challenged. I examine the processes in discourses, such as the imposition of disciplines to control the subject, which in turn are inscribed in the body of the subject by the subject, as they begin to perceive and define themselves in terms of the disciplines. I use this theory on the relationship between discourse-power-knowledge to analyse my work and that of the artists mentioned. The work of each artist is discussed in terms of the discourse of gender and the basis from which they critique its power, its effects on bodies and forms of representation through a marginal discourse. For the purposes of my work, the conclusion reached is that to disrupt the discourse of gender entails a continual questioning and awareness of its 'truths,' processes and effects. Description of Studio Work: The three major works examine the power and operations of the discourse of gender on bodies and how marginal discourses subvert these constructions. My works in paper, printmedia and metal, in two dimensions and three, reflect the effects through forms that seek to question limitations and extend our conception of male and female bodies. The wall piece, Out of Order, re-configures symbols and signs from the discourse of gender as a means of disrupting notions that gender is immutable. A swirling red line is woven through a densely layered mass of horizontal broken lines. The addition of symbols, X and Y chromosomes, numbers and other tokens of gender, appear at various points in this marginal discourse on conception of 'bodies.' Mammaphone, which accompanies Out of Order and Bullrushes, consists of an enlarged breast LP playing on a turntable. The 'tracks' are a litany of terms for the breast from slang and maternal discourses. The turntable that 'hosts' the LP sits on top of a stylised 'flight recorder's black box,' which suggests the hidden discourse on gender. Bullrushes, is an arrangement of 20 phallic-like forms each on a flexible metal rod that sways with the passage of air around the work. The work presents male bodies as durable, delicate and vulnerable despite the norms of the masculine discourse. The intention is to put into process an interrogation of the effects of gender on bodies and the possibilities for re-thinking the discourse of gender.
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Brulin, Emet. "Legitimizing intervention : A critical reading of a contemporary Swedish discourse of peace operations." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-2482.
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This thesis takes its onset in a growing debate about globalization and its possible consequences for the Weberian-state monopoly on the use of force. It concerns the discursive legitimizing and construction of Swedish military peace operations. It studies how the official, Governmental discourse is structured, which arguments are used and how these in turn motivate and legitimize operations. Theoretically it is situated within a poststructuralist understanding but drawing on wider international relations theories to relate the empirical findings to existing research. Methodologically it uses a discourse analytical framework developed by Lene Hansen, supplemented with analytical concepts stemming from the work of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. Empirically the thesis analyses Governmental Bills, a Governmental Communication and one op-ed written by the minister of Defence in regards of peace operations. The empirical analysis show that the official Swedish discourse of peace operations is structured by three basic discourses; internationalism, stateism and humanitarianism. These are analysed and interpreted in the light of different IR theoretical understandings. The thesis argues that the basic discourses are involved in a reciprocal process in which the state legitimizes peace operations and reproduces the idea of states and foremost the notion of an international state system. The humanitarian factor is less elaborated on in the material, which can be interpreted in different ways, one being that the humanitarian situation is not so important in the eyes of states, another that it is regarded as so self-evident that the situation of flesh and blood individuals is the legitimating reason for Swedish engagement in peace operations that it does not need to be said. The thesis ends with a critical discussion where its findings are related both to the globalization debate and critical peace operations literature.
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Edens, Zackary R. "Conversational Dynamics: Decision Making as Discourse." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/management_etds/7.
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This dissertation examines decision making as discourse to capture subtle characteristics and processes within top management team discussions and examines their influence on decision outcomes. Additionally, this approach allows for exploration of decision making processes in real time by utilizing audio analysis techniques that can provide a more dynamic and integrative view of conversations and discussions as they relate to the dialogue and debate that goes on within top management teams, as well as providing an alternate pathway of study for top management team and group research, decision making studies, and the fields of communication and conversational analysis.
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Middleton, Tim. "The operation of discourse as a motive for critical practice : a Bakhtinian perspective." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59484/.
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This thesis offers a Bakhtinian perspective on the operation of discourse in critical practice. Bakhtin's account of the individual's relation to language provides the basis for an examination of the ways in which discourse operates as a constraint upon and motive for acts of interpretation. In this my thesis breaks with the dominant use of Bakhtinian theory in which it is deployed as a means of analysing the operation of discourse in literary texts. In what follows I begin with an account of Bakhtin's sociolinguistics. Having established the theoretical framework for my analysis I move on to characterise the discourses of the heteroglossia in Britain in the period 1900 to 1930. For ease of analysis my account is divided into two sections. In the first of these the discourses operating at the societal level are discussed whilst the second section is concerned with the discourses which operated in literary critical circles at this time. In the third section of this work I offer an intermediate synthesis via an analysis of the operation of the discourses identified in preceding section in the practice of leading literary critics from this era. This section also enables me to offer a fuller account of the various discourses informing critical practice at this time. In the fourth section I examine the criticism generated by Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness in the period 1899 to 1930 and offer a detailed account of the ways in which the discourses identified in previous sections operate as constraints upon the act of criticism. More general works on Conrad from this period are also analysed. In my Conclusion I step back from the minutiae of critical practice and offer an account of some of the problems associated with adopting a Bakhtinian perspective on the processes of criticism. I end with a brief statement of the value of Bakhtinian theory as a basis for critical practice.
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Li, Yue E. "The operation of repair in L2 learner conversation, group work and classroom discourse." Thesis, Aston University, 1992. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14829/.
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The present study is an empirical investigation into repair in spoken discourse, specifically focusing on L2 learner conversation, group work and teacher-fronted classroom interaction. The core of the investigation concentrates on identification of the problem type, classification of repair strategies and examination of interaction in the repair process. A comparison between Conversation (CS), Group Work (GW), and Teacher-fronted classroom interaction (CR) suggests that more repair is undertaken in CS. The results of the study suggest that the fundamental differences between CS, GW and CR are of two types: in the frequency of repair and in the nature of the repair itself. It has been found that other-initiation for production problem repair occurs mainly in CR, other-completion is characteristic of GW and self-repair is most frequent in CS. Factors affecting the occurrence of repair in CS, GW and CR are related to content and social and communicative features of context. Importantly, the study shows the frequency of repair in GW falls between that of CS and CR in most of repair strategies. This result lends support to the argument that group work can assist L2 learners to develop their communicative competence. It is suggested that the analysis of the repair process in CS, GW and CR can be useful in throwing light on the intricacies of spoken discourse in general and can be exploited by applied linguists for both theoretical and pedagogical purposes.
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Finn, Rachael. "Collaborative work in the operating theatre : conflict and the discourse of 'teamwork'." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397548.
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Smith, Josefine. "Finding Power Within the Language : - a securitization study of operation EUNAVFOR MED." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-55759.
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This research paper takes departure from the contradictions of understandings regarding the purpose of operation EUNAVFOR Med, which operates in the Mediterranean aiming at disrupting the business model of human smugglers. The alteration of opinions concerns the question(s) regarding, to what extent the operation should be considered a securitization, and if so, of what? Research has consequently been drawn from the Copenhagen’s School theory of securitization, looking deeper into the involvement of the main actors in the operation, the EU, the human smugglers and the migrants, in order to identify if this operation could indeed be considered a securitization act. By placing the main actors of the operation in the center of the theoretical framework this research has been able to identify how this operation can be understood from a securitization theory and also what has been securitized. The methodological approach is based upon Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis, framing both the structure and the analytical apparatus of the research paper, enabling an even broader understanding of the case. The result showed that there are indeed indicators demonstrating that operation EUNAVFOR Med could be considered a successful securitization of human smugglers. Also, in line with this operation, there are several indicators that shows how the EU has managed to pull a securitization move of migration, arguing that the migrants has formed an ‘uncontrolled problem’ for the EU.
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Puric, Melisa. "Operation Allied Force : A critical discourse analysis of how Serbian newspapers reported the NATO intervention in the Kosovo conflict." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-190171.
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Kofi Annan- a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, posed a question on moral and ethics in the international society, “...if humanitarian intervention is, indeed, an unacceptable assault on sovereignty, how should we respond to a Rwanda, to a Srebrenica – to gross and systematic violations of human rights that affect every precept of our common humanity?”. Upon answering this question of moral obligation, one must first turn to the self. The purpose of this study is thus by using the case study of NATO interventions in Serbia, find understanding of the construct of national identity in relation to foreign affairs affecting domestic stature and the stance against the domestic nations action. By using the method of critical discourse analysis within the post-structuralist theory, three main discursive positions, tensions and struggles have been identified that the NATO-bombings have given rise to in the Serbian context. It is studied how these discursive framings are depicted in Serbian newspapers, and discussed in relation to national self.
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Hill, Jane. "The discourse of inter-agency co-operation : towards a critical understanding of the theory and practice of child protection work." Thesis, Keele University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311128.
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Calestroupat, Philippe. "Le temps d’un symptôme, ou le temps de se penser à l’adolescence : une clinique du regard." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3015/document.
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En s’appuyant sur l’écriture de Lacan, pour qui l’acting-out cherche la monstration du reste de la division du sujet, la clinique nous donne à considérer la position du sujet en écho à la place que fût celle de l’infans sous les yeux des parents. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que quand la circularité du narcissisme est rompue trop tôt ou n’a pas eu lieu, alors ce cercle s’ouvre pour aller chercher tout droit et violemment dans le réel de l’origine, de la mère, le sentiment d’existence qui n’a pas pu se consolider par la fabrication de l’absence, sa représentation, et le langage qui ordonnera le sentiment d’altérité. Une confrontation à l’image réelle, première image du corps quand l’effet de la spécularisation reste insuffisant laisse le sujet dans un espace imaginaire capté par la mère. Dans un effort que nous avons nommé regrédient, vers ce temps du regard, les jeunes dans le conflit cherchent à quitter la captation de leur mère, ou à apparaître sous leur regard. L’adolescente prend souvent par une assignation inconsciente la place de « l’objet a », comme reste, réel inavouable de l’économie psychique familiale. La place du sujet comme reste et cause du désir, en a, s’avère une place impossible dans le discours. La relation mère-fille tente de la retrouver en nouant réel et imaginaire, dans un rapport équivalent du discours capitaliste où sujet et objet renouent leurs rapports sans limite. Accompagner l’adolescent en souffrance hors d’une place en proximité du réel à la limite de la parole revient à accompagner le sentiment de perte qu’économise une relation imaginaire, dans le soutien à l’élaboration d’un discoursWith Lacan’s writings as a base, for who the « acting-out » is looking for the display of what remains from the division of the subject, the clinic area gives us to consider the position of the subject as an echo to the place during her infans under the eyes of her parents.Working on the assumption that, when the circularity of narcissism is broken too early or did not happen, then this circle opens to go straight and violently look for the real of the origin, of the mother, the existence feeling that could not be consolidated by the fabrication of the absence, its representaion, and the language that will order the feeling of alterity.A confrontation to the real image, first image of the body when the effect of specularisation is still not enough, leaves the subjet in an imaginary space catpured by the mother.In an effort that we have named regressive, towards this stage of the look, young people in conflicts try to get away from the appropriation of their mother or to appear before their look.The teenage girl often takes by an unconscious assignation the place of the A object, as a remaining, unspeakable Real of the family psychic economy. The place of the subject as remaining, as A, happens to be an impossible place in the speech. The mother-daughter relationship tries to find it back by tiyng reality and imaginary, in which the connection is equivalent to the capitalist speech where subject and object renew their relationship without limits. Assisting a suffering teenager out of a place close to reality and at the limits of of the speech amounts to assist the loss that an imaginary relationship is avoiding in the support of a speech elaboration
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Malik, Shahin. "Reflections on economic interests in Thatcherite discourse and British foreign policy towards the Gulf co-operation council states : a constructivist analysis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695351.
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Bangs, Richard. "From the Philippines to Iraq Investigating Counterinsurgency Operations, Atrocity, and Race." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31294.
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This thesis asks two central questions: (1.) Is there a link between atrocities committed during American counterinsurgency campaigns and race? (2.) Is there continuity between the counterinsurgency techniques deployed in the Philippines and in Iraq in this respect? In an effort to answer these questions I propose to briefly outline the chapters which are to follow. In Chapter 1 I propose to tackle the question of race using the following questions as broad guides to my investigation: what is it? how do we understand it? how will it be operationalized? In other words, this first chapter serves both as a literature review and an outline of the theoretical framework to be adopted in the later sections of this thesis. It outlines the current state of the concept ‘race’ in the literature of various fields of politics with an eye to finding space for a critical approach. In the end, I settle on the elegant framework set forth by Roxanne Lynn Doty. In Chapter 2, carrying forward Doty’s operationalized concept of race, I undertake an analysis of the discourse and practice surrounding American Counterinsurgency Policy during the invasion of the Philippines from 1899-1903. First; I investigate the role that racialized discourse played in the domestic and international contexts surrounding the invasion of the Philippines. Second; I delve into the empirical historical record to attempt to sketch out how racism was deployed on the ground in the counterinsurgency in the Philippines and what relationship the acts of atrocity committed there had with racial discourse. Following the findings of Chapter 2 I attempt to investigate the extent to which these mechanisms existed in the counterinsurgency in Iraq in Chapter 3. The investigation of Iraq is structured similarly to that of the Philippines but, due to the absolute abundance of information on Iraq, it is broken into three sections. The first section examines the role of race in the 2 domestic politics of the United States before, during, and after September 11, 2001. The second section sketches out an emerging international logic concerning military intervention and development. The final section sketches out the empirical reality of how race was used in atrocity in Iraq.
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Cális, Orasir Guilherme Teche. "A reescrita como correção: sobras, ausências e inadequações na visão de formandos em Letras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-15092008-145159/.
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Este trabalho tem como preocupação primeira investigar a formação de futuros professores de português no que se refere ao trabalho com a escrita. Seu principal objetivo é analisar, a partir de uma abordagem discursiva ancorada, sobretudo, nos pressupostos teóricos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa (AD), o processo de reescrita textual, particularmente daquela reescrita que se circunscreve a situações tipicamente escolares, ou seja, informada pela intervenção de natureza didática em que o professor - ou alguém que assume tal posição - propõe a atividade de reelaboração textual. O corpus é formado por textos que correspondem às respostas fornecidas por formandos em Letras a uma das questões discursivas de Lingüística e Língua Portuguesa solicitada, no ano de 2001, pelo Exame Nacional de Cursos (ENC) - o Provão, atual ENADE. Nessa questão, solicitou-se aos formandos que, com o apoio de noções lingüísticas, apresentassem três soluções para o problema dos elos coesivos presente em um texto originalmente produzido por uma menina de 10 anos. Desse contexto é que surgiu uma das formas de resposta dos formandos à solicitação do Exame: a reescrita como forma de correção daquilo que foi identificado pelos escreventes como \'erro\'. Foram utilizados dois procedimentos de análise: a) a consideração das relações dialógicas estabelecidas entre os formandos e o textobase, a qual resultou em um tipo de intervenção eminentemente resolutiva dos supostos \'problemas\' apresentados pela produção da menina; e b) a busca das operações lingüísticas presentes nos processos de reescrita textual. Em razão das condições em que se produziram, mas também em função do apagamento de aspectos discursivos apreensíveis nos efeitos de sentido existentes no texto reescrito pelos formandos (para além, portanto, dos objetivos inicialmente colocados pelo Provão), as reescritas analisadas resultaram em textos menos expressivos se comparados com aquele que lhes serviu como pontos de partida. Tal constatação, evidenciada nas análises, aponta para o fato de que todo processo de reescrita tenderá ao fracasso, se tão-somente vinculado a questões de ordem lingüística, uma vez que, determinantes da expressividade de todo e qualquer texto, são também os aspectos relativos aos efeitos de sentido e às condições em que um dado discurso se produz.This research\'s first concern is to investigate the formation of future Portuguese teachers, regarding work with writing. Its main objective is to analyze, starting from a discursive approach anchored especially on the theoretical assumptions of the French Discourse Analysis (DA), the processes of textual writing, particularly rewriting involved in typical school situations, i.e., informed by the intervention of a didactic nature in which the teacher - or someone assuming this position - proposes the activity of textual rewriting. The corpus is formed by texts which correspond to the answers given by Language & Literature students to one of the discursive questions of Linguistic and Portuguese Language requested by the National Course Exam (ENC) in 2001, the so-called \"Provão\", currently ENADE. In this question, with the support of linguistic notions, the students were requested to present three solutions for the problem of cohesive links present in a text originally produced by a 10-year old girl. This context generated one of the students\' answers to the Exam\'s request: rewriting as a form to correct what had been identified by the students as a \"mistake\". Two analytical procedures have been used: a) the consideration of the dialogic relations established among the students and the base-text, which resulted in a type of intervention mainly resolutive of the supposed \'problems\' presented by the girl\'s production; and b) the search for the linguistic operations present in the textual rewriting processes. Due to the conditions in which they were produced, but also due to the erasure of discursive aspects noted in the meaning effects existing in the text rewritten by the college students (therefore, beyond the objectives initially presented by the ENADE), the analyzed rewriting resulted in less expressive texts in comparison to that used as their starting point. This realization, shown in the analyses, indicate the fact that all rewriting processes will tend to fail, if only linked to linguistic issues, as the aspects related to the meaning effects and the conditions in which a certain discourse is produced are also determinants of the expressiveness of any text.
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Vigneron-Bosbach, Jeanne. "Analyse contrastive des marqueurs genre en français, like en anglais, et so en allemand dans des corpus d'oral et d'ecrit présentant un faible degré de planification." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT5004.
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Dans une approche multi-théorique, cette étude propose d'observer des emplois en contexte des marqueurs genre en français, like en anglais et so en allemand, à travers des occurrences attestées et issues de productions (principalement orales) présentant un faible degré de planification. Cette analyse contrastive part du constat selon lequel ces trois termes présentent des emplois non-standard similaires à travers les langues, malgré des origines et des fonctionnements standard différents. Nous envisageons leurs caractéristiques communes du point de vue du changement linguistique qu'est la « grammaticalisation ». L'observation du corpus d'étude nous amène ensuite à analyser genre, like et so en convoquant différents outils théoriques syntaxiques et macro-syntaxiques, prosodiques et énonciatifs. Dans des configurations en « liste », telles que des énumérations, des reformulations ou après des segments interrompus de la production orale, nous examinons dans quelle mesure ces trois mots fonctionnent comme marqueurs de la construction progressive du discours. Cette étude se poursuit par l'analyse d'un fort point de congruence entre les trois marqueurs, à savoir l'introduction de discours directThrough a multi-theoretical approach, and using a corpus of authentic examples of unplanned conversations, this dissertation aims at describing the markers genre in French, like in English and so in German. This contrastive analysis is based on the observation that these three words display similar non-standard functions across languages despite their different origins and standard functions. Their common features are investigated from the theoretical perspective of « grammaticalization » as a type of linguistic change. Through the observation of the study corpus, we analyze genre, like and so with different theoretical tools, syntactic and macro-syntactic, prosodic and enunciative. In « list » configurations, such as enumerations, reformulations or interrupted segments of spoken discourse, we present how these three words work as markers of the progressive construction of discourse. This study further investigates the quotative function of genre, like and so as a strikingly congruent feature
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Karlsson, Jimmy. "Formeringen av en ämneskanon? : Exemplet: Skolämnet sociologi." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för didaktik och lärares praktik (DLP), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-93429.
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The purpose of the present essay is to clarify whether or not there is a core/canon in the subject of sociology and how the formation of this canon in such cases becomes a reality? Furthermore the intention is to elucidate which premises that control the subject selection at different levels of curriculum interpretation – textbook authors and sociology teachers – and how these actors legitimize their respectively selection. The theoretical basis is in large extent inspired by Michel Foucault’s view of discourses which is combined with John I. Goodlad’s concepts formal and operational curriculum. To fulfill the abovementioned purpose and answer the questions of this essay I have interviewed two authors who each individually have written a textbook in sociology and five teachers of sociology.The results indicate that the formal curriculum combined with the discourses of the sociological discipline in the form of educational content and design contributes to form what is considered to be an adequate textbook content in the subject of sociology and this selection then forms the primary basis for the sociology teachers’ operational curriculum.
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Mukundu, Rashweat. "A critical discourse analysis of the coverage of operation "Restore Order" (Operation Murambatsvina) by Zimbabwe's weekly newspapers, the state-owned The Sunday Mail and the privately owned The Standard, in the period 18 May to 30 June 2005." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002925.
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On May 16 2006 the government of Zimbabwe embarked on a clean-up programme of urban centres, destroying informal human settlements and informal businesses. This operation, which the government called operation "Restore Order", resulted in the displacement of nearly one million people and left thousands of families homeless. This study is a discussion and an analysis of the coverage of the clean-up operation by two of Zimbabwe's leading Sunday newspapers, The Sunday Mail and The Standard. The Sunday Mail is owned by the Zimbabwe government and The Standard is privately owned and perceived to be oppositional to the current Zimbabwe government. The two newspapers, therefore, covered the clean-up operation from different perspectives and often presented conflicting reports explaining why the clean-up operation was carried out and the extent of its impact on the lives of millions of Zimbabweans. The chosen research approach is the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework as developed by Fairclough (1995). Using CDA, this study seeks to find out and expose the underlying ideological struggles for hegemony between different social and political groups in Zimbabwe and how the newspapers became actors in this process. This process is made possible by looking at how news reporting is organised in the two newspapers, issues of language use, sourcing and external factors that influenced the coverage of the operation.
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Wappelhorst, Annika. "In the Net : The Visual and Verbal Rhetoric of the Campaign “Operation Dolphin Bycatch” by Sea Shepherd France." Thesis, Jönköping University, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54617.
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The marine conservation organization Sea Shepherd is most known for its radical direct action, e. g., against whale poaching. This thesis examines the campaign “Operation Dolphin Bycatch,” coordinated by the French branch of the NGO, through discourse analysis and interviews with Sea Shepherd France (SSF) members. Dolphins serve as the flagship species of the campaign. They allow SSF to criticize non-selective fishing methods that cause the accidental killing of dolphins in the Bay of Biscay. With expressions from war and religion, SSF portrays the French government and most fishermen as enemies of the dolphins’ wellbeing that pursue self-interested profit values. It is found that SSF positions itself as radical more in its worldview than its approaches. The ecological philosophy of biocentrism contradicts the anthropocentrism that dominates society. In this campaign, the NGO uses “outsider” tactics: It exerts pressure on French policy-makers with footage of dolphin bycatch and takes great care to maintain international legitimacy by staying within legal boundaries.L’organisation de conservation du milieu marin Sea Shepherd est surtout connue pour ses méthodes d’action directe radicale, par exemple contre le braconnage des baleines. Ce mémoire de master examine la campagne « Opération Dolphin Bycatch », qui est coordonnée par la branche française de l’ONG, à travers une analyse multimodale du discours et des entretiens avec des bénévoles de Sea Shepherd France (SSF). Les dauphins sont l’espèce porte-drapeau de la campagne. Ils permettent ainsi à SSF de critiquer les méthodes de pêche non sélectives qui provoquent la mort accidentelle de dauphins dans le Golfe de Gascogne. Avec des expressions provenant des champs lexicaux de la guerre et de la religion, SSF dépeint le gouvernement français et la plupart des pêcheurs comme poursuivant des valeurs lucratives égoïstes à l’encontre du bien-être des dauphins. Il s’avère que SSF se positionne comme radicale dans sa vision du monde plus que dans ses approches. Sa philosophie biocentrée de l’environnement contredit l’anthropocentrisme qui domine la société. Dans cette campagne, l’ONG utilise des tactiques « extérieures », c’est-à-dire qu’elle exerce une pression sur les décideurs politiques français avec des images de prises accessoires de dauphins et prend soin de maintenir une légitimité internationale en restant dans un cadre légal.
Die Meeresschutzorganisation Sea Shepherd ist vor allem für ihre radikalen „Direct Action“-Methoden bekannt, beispielsweise gegen Wal-Wilderei. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Kampagne „Operation Dolphin Bycatch“, die vom französischen Zweig der NGO koordiniert wird, durch multimodale Diskursanalyse und Interviews mit Mitgliedern von Sea Shepherd Frankreich (SSF). Delfine dienen als Flaggschiff-Art der Kampagne. Sie ermöglichen es SSF, die nicht-selektiven Fischereimethoden zu kritisieren, die das versehentliche Töten von Delfinen im Golf von Biskaya verursachen. Mit Begriffen aus Krieg und Religion schreibt SSF der französischen Regierung und den meisten Fischerleuten eigennützige Profitinteressen zu und stellt sie als Feinde des Wohlergehens der Delfine dar. Es zeigt sich, dass SSF eher in ihrer Weltanschauung als in ihren Ansätzen eine radikale Position beansprucht. Ihre biozentrische Umwelt-Philosophie steht im Widerspruch zum Anthropozentrismus, der in der Gesellschaft vorherrscht. Bei dieser Kampagne bedient sich die NGO „Außenseiter“-Taktiken: Sie übt Druck auf französische Politiker*innen aus, indem sie Filmaufnahmen von Delfin-Beifang zeigt, und achtet durch das Einhalten gesetzlicher Vorgaben darauf, internationale Legitimität zu wahren.
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Jakola, F. (Fredriika). "Culture, institutions and power:institutionalisation of cross-border co-operation as a development strategy in Northern Finland." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2019102534802.
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Abstract A predominant academic question is how and why the development paths of municipalities and regions take certain forms. In recent decades, geographers and economists in particular have investigated the dynamics of how local institutional conditions and their local mobilisation can affect development outcomes and how development is determined by “structural” forces such as state- and EU-based regulations and globalisation of the economy. Thus, the notion that historical sensitiveness and context-dependency are essential factors in local and regional development and growth has gained credence. Then again, municipalities and regions are not “islands” of development but integral parts of complex socio-spatial relations and processes. From this viewpoint, border municipalities and regions are eminently interesting research contexts as they are sites where different scalar political interests, institutional structures, and development discourses are continuously manifested, materialised and contested in the daily practices of local and regional actors. Nevertheless, this thesis argues that the existing mainstream studies investigating the development paths and prospects of border regions and municipalities are, firstly, overly EU-centric and, secondly, have an overly limited perspective on the institutional environment and legacy in which local and regional actors operate. The main attention in this regard has often been on the institutional differences between states and nationalities. In order to understand the development prospects of border areas and the preconditions of transnational regionalisation, municipal planning of border areas needs to be approached not only from the perspective of EU-driven cross-border co-operation and building of “transnational” scale, but more comprehensively. Accordingly, the present research on the Finnish-Swedish border area, which is an internal border area of the EU, takes a more historically and contextually sensitive institutional approach in this regard. Investigating the structural and discursive dynamics related to the institutionalisation of cross-border co-operation as a development strategy in the context of municipal planning enables not only identification of the conflicts and intersections between state-, EU- and local/regional-level development interests and institutional structures, but also provides room for recognising the diversity of the existing interests, strategies and motivations of local and regional actors and different interest groups involved in these institutionalisation processes. This thesis suggests that the concept of policy transfer and problematisation of the dynamics of how and why certain development strategies, policies and discourses become selected, implemented and sustained at the border municipalities offers a fruitful theoretical and political framework for examining the abovementioned issues. Accordingly, the thesis studies the intertwined relationship between local agency and the mobilisation of scalar institutional structures in regional planning and policy transfer processes by applying the Cultural Political Economy approach and strategic-relational theory on institutions (see Jessop & Sum 2013) as theoretical-methodological lenses. The thesis consists of three original research articles that form a scalar and temporal continuum. The empirical research is based on interviews conducted with key municipal and regional actors (i.e. planners, politicians, project managers and entrepreneurs), historical document material reaching back to the 1930s, as well as supplementary policy documents produced at various governmental levels. Both critical discourse analysis and content analysis are used as analysis methods. As the dynamics of municipal planning are reflected primarily against the formal institutional planning system in Finland, the study focuses on the Finnish side of the border — the Finnish Tornio Valley and the Kemi-Tornio sub-region. The results underline that the institutionalisation of cross-border co-operation as a key development strategy has been a long path-dependent process in which policy transfer processes and local mobilisation have become intertwined. While the “large-scale” development follows the Finnish national development — the transition from state-led, topdown politics to a more bottom-up, region-based development model — the investigation of these policy transfer processes also shows that the border location and the mobilisation of both the “border region identity” and the EU’s cross-border co-operation policy discourse have had a marked impact on the development path. Accordingly, they have furthered the development towards cross-border regionalisation. Moreover, border municipalities are challenging the state’s authority and the subordinated municipality-state relation by invoking this development. This development, however, is regionally contested and exemplifies the power relations both between municipalities with/without state border as well as between public and private sector actors. In the end, which development strategies become dominant or discarded in a particular context depends on how different actors and interest groups mobilise their privileged positions in relation to surrounding formal and informal institutional structures, such as municipal autonomy, EU cross-border cooperation funding schemes, trust relations, regional identity, and prevailing norms and customs. This research stands as an illustrative example that it is crucial not to consider these context-specific “soft” matters as somehow secondary to “rational” economic reasoning when investigating courses of action and economic development pathsOriginal papers The original publications are not included in the electronic version of the dissertation. Jakola, F. (2016). Borders, planning and policy transfer: historical transformation of development discourses in the Finnish Torne Valley. European Planning Studies, 24(10), 1806–1824. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2016.1194808 http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfi-fe2019102434646 Jakola, F. (2018). Local responses to state-led municipal reform in the Finnish-Swedish border region: conflicting development discourses, culture and institutions. Fennia - International Journal of Geography, 196(2), 137–153. https://doi.org/10.11143/fennia.69890 http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfi-fe201903088103 Jakola, F., & Prokkola, E.-K. (2017). Trust Building or Vested Interest? Social Capital Processes of Cross-Border Co-Operation in the Border Towns of Tornio and Haparanda. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 109(2), 224–238. https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12279 http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfi-fe2019102434644
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Pakarinen, Kira. "A Forever Superior French Self in its former pré carré africain? : A post-structuralist foreign policy analysis of Emmanuel Macron's legitimation discourse around Operation Barkhane in Mali." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45618.
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Notwithstanding the promises of an end to the Françafrique era, France remains the desired external security actor in francophone Africa. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the discursive legitimation strategies of Emmanuel Macron on France’s military activism in Mali, inquiring ‘How did the French President Emmanuel Macron discursively legitimize France’s military presence in Mali before the announcement of the end of Operation Barkhane?’. The aim is further to explore the construction of the French Self and the Malian Other in the legitimation discourse, asking ‘How did Macron construct a French ‘Self’ and a Malian ‘Other’ in his discourse as legitimate reasons for maintaining the intervention?’. By applying an interpretivist, post-structuralist discourse analysis to official statements published between 2017 and 2021, the thesis concludes that Macron’s discursive legitimation strategies remain approximately similar, yet the greater emphasis on rhetorical themes of equal partnership, non-interference in internal affairs, democracy and an ever-increasing multilateralism have taken place in the face of Paris’ damaged legitimacy. Focusing on the construction of the Self and the Other affirms that Macron constructs the MalianOther as significantly different from the French Self even though the country is seen as capable of transformation and cooperation, requiring the compliance of Western advice.
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Högman, Elisa. "Sexuella övergrepp i en kontext av mänsklig säkerhet och biopolitiskt maktutövande : En diskursanalys om inverkan av mänsklig säkerhet på sexuella övergrepp i fredsbevarande operationer." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6592.
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United Nations peacekeeping has been distinguished as a bringer of peace and stability to countries plagued by war and insecurity. However, reports since the 1990s of sexual exploitations by peacekeeping personnel have tainted these accomplishments. At the same time as these reports started to surface there was an internal development within the UN where the security discourse went from being state focused to being focused on securing the population’s security and health. This new trend was established in the United Nations Development Programme in 1994 as Human Security and laid the ground for the structure of the peacekeeping operations. This study asks the question how these exploits can occur in a discursive context where the population’s welfare and health is the reference of intervention. By examining the following representative cases: the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the Central African Republic (CAR), it can be seen how human security expresses a discursive reproduction of two different kinds of power: biopower and sovereign power. Through an analysis of the discourse in documents relating to the interventions it can be seen how these expressions of power creates a contextual environment where the sexual exploitations can take place.
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Azevedo, Luciano Taveira de. "Discurso e leitura : as atividades de compreensão no livro didático do ensino médio Português: Linguagens." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/493.
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The notion of discursive function from the perspective of Discourse Analysis on French bases introduce in languages studies a new path that can be take in account while reading a text. Understanding how language works and makes meaning in its constitutive relation with the socio-historical guides the reading from a conception focused on the appropriation of the text senses to other one that reflects on how the senses are produced. Reading and comprehension on this theoretical perspective are understood as processes that require from the reader an investment about how the senses are built in the narrow relationship established between linguistic materiality and discourse. Based on this conception, we understand that the critical reader is that one who works on the senses and reflect on the historical and social determinations of reading and text. This research seeks, grounded on the theoretical reflections proposed by Bakhtin (2002, 2006), Bakhtin/Voloshinov (2002), Maingueneau (2005, 2008a; 2008b) and Orlandi (1988; 1996; 1999; 2001a; 2001b), to consider the discursive functioning of the text and its implications for the reading process. So, at lights of a discourse theory, this work aims to analyze the reading activities proposed on the textbook Português: Linguagens by Cereja and Magalhães (2005) in order to understand how the authors work on discursive aspects in a section devoted to textual comprehension. Among the methods in which qualitative research is grounded, we chose the content analysis , because we feel that this method allows the study of printed texts, such as official documents, guidelines, educational materials, etc. The content analysis consists on three stages, which are: i) pre-analysis that corresponds to the material organization; ii) analytical description that begins on preevaluation but, at this stage, specifically, the stuff of documents that envolves the research corpus is submitted to a depth study; iii) inferential interpretation that relies on research datas and reaches a potencial of reflection more intense about the material analyzed (TRIVIÑOS, 1987). Based on these theoretical assumptions, we build the analysis corpus which includes eight activities of the Reading section. These activities, focused on reading comprehension, follow the literary study of texts inhered of different movements from brazilian and foreign literature. In a first step, our dates displayed a very important gap that happened between the theory adopted by the authors and the directions about the reading activities. During the analysis process, it was also observed that some discursive aspects are figured in the statement of the questions in a purpose of makes the reading apprentices to infer certain meaning and, rarely, to make them reflect on the discursive functioning of the text. In all analyzed questions, we noticed a strong tendency by the authors to reaffirm a reading practice on the lights of the traditional perspective, although they express adopt a social interactionist perspective and affirm search on the Discourse Analysis theoretical contributions for the work with maternal language teaching.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A noção de funcionamento discursivo, na perspectiva da Análise do Discurso Francesa, introduz nos estudos da linguagem um novo viés pelo qual se pode pensar a leitura de um texto. Entender como a língua funciona e produz sentidos na sua relação constitutiva com o histórico-social desloca a leitura de uma concepção focada na apropriação do(s) sentido(s) do texto para outra que reflete sobre como os sentidos são produzidos. Leitura e compreensão, nessa perspectiva teórica, são entendidas como processos que requerem do leitor um investimento sobre como os sentidos se constituem na estreita relação que se estabelece entre materialidade lingüística e discurso. Partindo dessa concepção, temos que o leitor crítico é aquele que trabalha sobre os sentidos e reflete sobre as determinações histórico-sociais da leitura e do texto. Este trabalho acadêmico busca respaldo teórico nas reflexões propostas por Bakhtin (2002; 2006); Bakhtin/Voloshinov (2002); Maingueneau (2005; 2008a; 2008b) e Orlandi (1988; 1996; 1999; 2001a; 2001b) para pensar o funcionamento discursivo do texto e suas implicações no processo de leitura. Assim, respaldada por uma teoria do discurso, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as atividades de leitura propostas no livro didático Português: linguagens de Cereja e Magalhães (2005) a fim de entender como os autores trabalham aspectos da discursividade em seção dedicada à compreensão textual. Dentre os métodos nos quais a pesquisa qualitativa se desdobra, optamos pela a Análise de Conteúdo, por entendermos que esse método permite o estudo de textos impressos, como documentos oficiais, diretrizes, materiais didáticos etc. A Análise de Conteúdo compreende três etapas, a saber: i) pré-análise que corresponde à organização do material; ii) descrição analítica que tem início na pré-análise, mas nesta etapa, especificamente, o material de documentos que constitui o corpus é submetido a um estudo aprofundado; iii) interpretação inferencial que apóia-se nos dados de pesquisa e alcança uma maior intensidade na reflexão sobre o material analisado (TRIVIÑOS, 1987). Com base nesses pressupostos metodológicos, construímos o corpus de análise que compreende oito atividades da seção Leitura. Essas atividades, voltadas para a compreensão textual, acompanham o estudo de textos literários pertencentes a diferentes movimentos da literatura brasileira e estrangeira. Num primeiro momento, nossos dados apontaram para uma lacuna bastante significativa existente entre a teoria adotada pelos autores e o encaminhamento dado às atividades de leitura. Durante a análise, percebeu-se também que aspectos discursivos figuram no enunciado das questões com o objetivo de levar o aluno-leitor a inferir determinados sentidos e, raras vezes, para fazê-lo refletir sobre o funcionamento discursivo do texto. Em todas as questões analisadas, percebemos uma forte tendência por parte dos autores em reiterar uma prática de leitura aos moldes da perspectiva tradicional, embora expressem assumir uma perspectiva sociointeracionista e afirmem buscar na Análise do Discurso contribuições teóricas para o trabalho com o ensino de língua materna.
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Waller, Lloyd George. "ICTs for whose development? : a critical analysis of the discourses surrounding an ICT for development initiative for a group of microenterprise entrepreneurs operating in the Jamaican tourism industry : towards the development of methodologies and analytical tools for understanding and explaining the ICT for development phenomenon /." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2628.
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This is an interdiscliplinary qualitative study which uses an exploratory research design and builds on Fariclough's Critical Discourse Analysis methodology to analyze the discourses surrounding an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for livelihood development project in Jamaica, introduced by the United Nations Development Programme - the Jamaica Sustainable Development Networking Programme (JSDNP). The primary objective of this project is to provide the poor in Jamaican communities with access to, and training in ICTs. In this research, I specifically focus on the discourses surrounding the JSDNP Cybercentre Project for a group of microenterprise entrepreneurs in the Jamaican tourism industry to access the epistemological assumptions of this project. From the data collected it was found that at one level, the JSDNP Cybercentre Project encouraged specific ways of acting and organizing congruent with the configurations, processes and structures of corporate firms of industrialized countries, by representing the achievement of livelihood expansion through the use of specific ICTs in a particular way which excluded other discourses. The particular ways of acting and organizing promoted by the Cybercentre encouraged the use of non-indigenous technologies, undervalued indigenous technologies and excluded the indigenization of non-indigenous technologies. These discourses were incompatible with the operational and structural configurations of trans-temporal poor entrepretrepreneurs interviewed and were more favourable to the non-poor and spatio-temporal ones. One of the wider implications of the discourse therefore was that they play a fundamental role in perpetuating entrenched inequalities through the preservation of social practices, along with their associated systems and structures. It was also found that these modalities limited the operational processes of all microenterprise entrepreneurs who were exposed to the Cybercentre Project. These entrepreneurs have limited control over the configuration of non-indigenous technologies; their technological and creative capabilities are restricted; their ability to indigenize non-indigenous technologies impaired; and they are highly dependent on non-indigenous technologies (which themselves have a number of limitations).
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Kyepa, Timothy. "Integrating national oil companies in the corporate governance discourse: a comparative analysis of the Norwegian state oil company (statoil) and the proposed national oil company of Uganda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3592_1363783163.
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Barkelind, Malin. "De nordiska biblioteken : En undersökning av Nordisk kulturkontakts och Nordens hus biblioteks identitetsskapande." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390459.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the construction of Nordic and organizational identities performed by the libraries of two Nordic cultural institutions: the Nordic Culture Point in Helsinki, Finland, and the Nordic House in Reykjavik, Iceland. To do this, three main methods were used: (a) Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis was employed to interpret the institutions’ self-representations, (b) the topics of debates and talks organized by the institutions were analysed and (c) interviews were performed with librarians currently working at these libraries. The results show that the institutions are (re)presented as two separate units rather than two parts of the same organization. The Nordic Culture Point is more explicitly connected to the Nordic Council of Ministers while the Nordic House presents itself as an iconic building in a marketing manner. The institutions are affected by politically defined themes and values, which permeate their events. The most common themes for talks and debates were literature, environmental issues or sustainable development, and politics. Even though there is a clear influence from political strategy documents, many topics with little or no connection to these documents were found. In addition, the literature selection processes at these libraries do not seem to be largely affected by politically defined priorities, based on the librarians’ views. According to the librarians who were interviewed, the aim of the Nordic libraries is to offer literature in the Nordic languages that would otherwise be difficult to access, gather this literature in one location, and promote interest in the Nordic region. While they agree that the main point of reference for the Nordic libraries is public libraries, the librarians differ on the role digital technology should play in the library. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.
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Sallinen, Margarita. "Weaponized malware, physical damage, zero casualties – what informal norms are emerging in targeted state sponsored cyber-attacks? : The dynamics beyond causation: an interpretivist-constructivist analysis of the US media discourse regarding offensive cyber operations and cyber weapons between 2010 and 2020." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9722.
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In 2010, the discovery of the malicious computer worm Stuxnet shocked the world by its sophistication and unpredictability. Stuxnet was deemed as the world’s first cyber weapon and started discussions concerning offensive cyber operations – often called “cyber warfare” – globally. Due to Stuxnet, rapid digitalisation and evolving technology, it became vital for decision makers in the US to consider formal norms such as laws, agreements, and policy decisions regarding cyber security. Yet, to obtain a holistic understanding of cyber security, this thesis uses constructivism as its theoretical framework to understand changing informal norms and social factors including the ideas and morals of the US society regarding offensive cyber operations. This thesis critically analyses the discourse of three of the largest US newspapers by circulation: the New York Times, the Washington Post and The Wall Street Journal. A significant shift was discovered in the US media’s publications and in informal norms regarding offensive cyber operations and the use of cyber weapons in just one decade, by comparing the discourses relating to Stuxnet in 2010 and the US presidential election in 2020. This thesis concludes that it is equally important to consider ideas and morals when researching a technical field such as cyber security by arguing that informal norms guide the choices actors make when developing formal norms at the international level. The findings of this thesis are intended to provoke a normative, urgent, and focused discussion about cyber security. The findings are also intended to shift attention to how language is used in discussions about the cyber sphere, offensive cyber operations and cyber weapons as components of the traditional battlefield.
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Guerra, Laura Ferreira. "Da deposição de João Goulart ao impeachment de Dilma Rousseff: um estudo comparativo de editoriais dos jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Globo." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6894.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
PROEX - Programa de Excelência Acadêmica
A dissertação investiga como operações discursivas manifestadas nas superfícies dos editoriais dos jornais O Globo e Folha de S. Paulo sobre o impeachment de Dilma Rousseff (2016) atualizam operações inscritas nos editoriais dos mesmos jornais em torno da deposição de João Goulart (1964). É um estudo de leitura discursiva (VERÓN, 2004), subdividido em dois níveis de análise à luz dos conceitos de gramáticas de produção, enunciação e contrato de leitura (FAUSTO NETO, 1991; VERÓN, 2004). O primeiro nível, com base nas contribuições de Mouillaud (1997), refere-se às superfícies discursivas, que entendemos como os aspectos gráficos, técnicos e estéticos dos periódicos, que podem indicar níveis de tomada de posição opinativa. Desenvolvemos o comparativo entre edições do jornal O Globo, em 1964 e 2016, e Folha de S. Paulo, em 1964 e 2016. Por fim, realizamos a análise transversal entre O Globo e Folha. No segundo nível, o mesmo processo é priorizado em relação às operações discursivas, tendo como objetivo central a recuperação de marcas inscritas na produção do discurso opinativo dos editoriais sobre a deposição de João Goulart (1964) e o impeachment de Dilma Rousseff (2016), bem como compreender as diferentes formas da construção discursiva. A cobertura editorial dos acontecimentos remonta dois contextos distintos e, assim, a investigação busca proporcionar reflexões sobre a sociedade dos meios e a sociedade em vias de midiatização, principalmente no que tange os efeitos na enunciação.
The paper investigates how discursive operations manifested in the editorials of the newspapers O Globo and Folha de S. Paulo about the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff (2016) update operations registered in the editorials of the same newspapers around the deposition of João Goulart (1964). It is a study of discursive reading (VERÓN, 2004) subdivided into two levels of analysis based on the concepts of production grammars, enunciation and reading contract (VERÓN, 2004; FAUSTO NETO, 1991). The first one, inspired by Mouillaud (1997), refers to the discursive surfaces, which we understand as the aesthetic, technical and graphical aspects which can indicate levels of opinion. We developed the comparative between editions of the newspaper O Globo in 1964 and 2016 and Folha de S. Paulo in 1964 and 2016. Finally, we made a transversal analysis between O Globo and Folha. The same process was prioritized in discursive operations, with the objective of recovering production conditions from the editorials about the deposition of João Goulart (1964) and the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff (2016). The editorial construction of the events goes back two distinct contexts, for that reason the investigation provides reflections on the society of the media and the society in the process of mediatization, mainly its effects on the enunciation.
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Murad, Samira. "Sobre a leitura de A la recherche du temps perdu." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8146/tde-09112012-103700/.
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Seguindo uma pista lançada pelo próprio Proust num texto crítico sobre a leitura, a crítica proustiana vem dedicando bastante espaço à compreensão deste tema na Recherche. Em geral, essa compreensão tem sido levada a cabo por meio da análise das figurações da leitura no romance de modo a construir o posicionamento teórico do escritor sobre a leitura que, por sua vez, funcionaria como modelo para a leitura da própria Recherche. Entretanto, essas análises apontam para incoerências e contradições que potencialmente poderiam invalidar seu caráter de modelo. Revisitando algumas das interpretações críticas bem como o próprio ensaio de Proust sobre a questão, esta tese defende que a compreensão da leitura da Recherche vai além da discussão da figuração do tema no texto. Para isso, propõe a análise do papel do leitor dimensão textual virtual que comporta diversas operações interpretativas potenciais. Controladas pela organização do texto, isto é, por sua disposição arquitetônica, em seus mais diversos planos, essas operações, uma vez percebidas pelos leitores (o que não se deu imediatamente na história da recepção da Recherche) sustentam essas leituras (críticas ou não) de modo que podem ser vistas como a base ou as condições de possibilidade de toda e qualquer interpretação.Following the clue given by Proust himself on his essay on reading, recently, proustian critics have been paying a lot of attention to this theme in A la Recherche. In general, these interpretations analyse the figurations of reading in the text which, in turn, is used as a model for the reading of Prousts text. However, many of these analyses point out to incoherencies in Prousts theoretical discourse which can invalidate its status as a model for the reader. Revisiting some of the analyses on the topic and Prousts own essay On reading, this thesis tries to indicate that the understanding of the subject of reading should move beyond the discussion of its figuration in the text. In order to do that, we propose an analysis of the role of the reader a virtual textual dimension formed by the interpretive operations designed by the text itself. Controlled by the organization of the materials that form the text, these operations, once perceived by the reader, support many of the critical readings of Prousts text and so, they are, as it seems, the foundations for most of the readings of A la Recherche.
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Tissot, Fabienne. "Pour une ethnolinguistique discursive du conte berbère à la croisée des cultures : relation orale et "méta-médiation"." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686041.
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Notre thèse interroge le processus de transmission orale de contes berbères tachelhites marocains, recueillis au Maroc et en France en situation interculturelle et interlingue. Nous mettons l'accent sur la dimension négociée de la transmission, c'est-à-dire sur l'activité médiatrice qui réinterprète le conte pour l'autre - étranger à la culture d'origine du conte - et dans sa langue. Nous analysons cette activité, dans son émergence, dans ses ruptures et dans son ajustement à l'autre par le biais des " traces " qu'elle laisse à la surface des textes. Ces traces révèlent des lieux " sensibles " du discours qui le font apparaître comme traversé par différents ordres d'altérité : linguistique, culturelle, interdiscursive et interlocutive. Nous relevons un ensemble de procédures de (re)médiation, qui assurent la poursuite de la narration, l'intercompréhension par l'explicitation de spécificités et révèlent la nature co-construite des narrations et de la relation interculturelle. Notre analyse met en évidence un niveau " méta " de la médiation qui inscrit le " contage " dans le coeur du conte et donne à voir la manière dont les énonciateurs élaborent le conte, se font les porte-parole, plus ou moins autorisés et distanciés, de leur communauté, se disent dans la relation à l'autre, font état de l'interculturalité et se décentrent pour occuper une position médiane, à partir de laquelle ils déplacent le conte. La mise en regard de diverses modalités de transmission révèle différentes manières d'opérer cette médiation et rend compte d'une variabilité du conte en situation interculturelle, dans sa continuité avec unetradition orale
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Wesslén, Karin. "Att skriva, tala och tänka samhällskunskap : En studie av gymnasisters lärandeprocess." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-62837.
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This study is based on the presumption that language is fundamental to the construction of knowledge. In addition, linguistic demands are incorporated in the policy documents of the upper secondary education of Sweden; students shall, during their education, be given the opportunity to appropriate certain linguistic tools. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how teachers and students in upper secondary education manage and utilize the discourse of social science in both speech and writing. More specifically, two classes are studied during three terms. The teachers’ ability to organize and support the students vocally and in written is examined, so are the effects of the teaching on students’ writing. The origin of the study is constituted by a sociocultural stance provided by Vygotskij, Bakhtin and Halliday. A combination of a functional perspective on language and a cognitive is probed, where the study is comparative in nature consisting of an experimental class and a control class. The importance of language for the creation of knowledge has been communicated to the teachers of the experimental class, with provided complementary subject didactic literature. This literature offers support for teachers to augment the use of explicit teaching and enhance student awareness of how conceptual structures mould social science. Qualitative analyses are performed on the basis of teacher-student dialogue and written tasks by a group of selected students. The analytical tools object language – metalanguage, linguistic operations and knowledge structures are developed for the purpose of processing data, and have been combined with the tools activity analysis, subject-related concepts and text activity. The results from the analyses display no difference in the handling of the discourse of social science between the experimental class and the control class. The teachers of the experimental class, like the teacher of the control class, are primarily utilizing object language where knowledge structures are visible, as opposed to a combination of object language – metalanguage. Furthermore, they exhibit diminutive use of dialogue in their teaching. The students of both classes, on their hand, demonstrate an equal progress in textual development. This study concludes that the experimental class has not been provided with sufficiently explicit support to advance in the structuring of knowledge and in level of reasoning. A more efficient support to teachers to manage these analytical tools would, in all probability, give them, and through this the students, an increasingly profound insight into structuring of text activities, the meaning and signalling of linguistic operations, the construction of subject-related concepts and, most importantly, how these three tools are interrelated.
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Litborn, Julia. "Att få en plats på kartan : En etnologisk studie av skogsbranden i Västmanland 2014." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331749.
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The forest fire of Västmanland in 2014 had a significant cultural impact on local communities. Research is warranted to better understand the impact and process of recovery after natural disasters, as well as to discover how underlying political and cultural structures affect rescue and recovery. Thus far, any research in this area has been carried out by government-funded studies and evaluations of crisis management. This study complements that existing body of research by exploring this topic through local experiences and memories of the fire and emergency operations. The analysis builds on four theoretical perspectives: Foucault’s theory of power; phenomenology; memory theory, and theories of identity. Through these, the study examines how locals relate to the burnt landscape as well as explores how political tensions relating to Swedish countryside have gained new relevance as a result of the fire. These research results indicate that memories of the fire are characterized by chaotic rescue operations and crisis management, and that their failure generally is interpreted as a result of current political and cultural discourses defined by urban norms that for decades have disfavored infrastructure and social security in rural parts of Sweden. The research shows that favorable conditions for rural life in general are crucial for successful crisis management. From a societal perspective, the battle for resources between urban and rural areas, combined with inequality between city and countryside, is very problematic. Many crises occur in rural areas, which require security and infrastructure nationwide. The study therefore stresses the importance of active use of local knowledge in governing on local and regional as well as national levels. Diversity is not only a matter of ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation, but also includes perspectives from all generations living all over the country.
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Hart, M. J. Alexandra. "Action in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: an Enactive Psycho-phenomenological and Semiotic Analysis of Thirty New Zealand Women's Experiences of Suffering and Recovery." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5294.
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This research into Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) presents the results of 60 first-person psycho-phenomenological interviews with 30 New Zealand women. The participants were recruited from the Canterbury and Wellington regions, 10 had recovered. Taking a non-dual, non-reductive embodied approach, the phenomenological data was analysed semiotically, using a graph-theoretical cluster analysis to elucidate the large number of resulting categories, and interpreted through the enactive approach to cognitive science.
The initial result of the analysis is a comprehensive exploration of the experience of CFS which develops subject-specific categories of experience and explores the relation of the illness to universal categories of experience, including self, ‘energy’, action, and being-able-to-do.
Transformations of the self surrounding being-able-to-do and not-being-able-to-do were shown to elucidate the illness process.
It is proposed that the concept ‘energy’ in the participants’ discourse is equivalent to the Mahayana Buddhist concept of ‘contact’. This characterises CFS as a breakdown of contact. Narrative content from the recovered interviewees reflects a reestablishment of contact.
The hypothesis that CFS is a disorder of action is investigated in detail.
A general model for the phenomenology and functional architecture of action is proposed. This model is a recursive loop involving felt meaning, contact, action, and perception and appears to be phenomenologically supported.
It is proposed that the CFS illness process is a dynamical decompensation of the subject’s action loop caused by a breakdown in the process of contact.
On this basis, a new interpretation of neurological findings in relation to CFS becomes possible. A neurological phenomenon that correlates with the illness and involves a brain region that has a similar structure to the action model’s recursive loop is identified in previous research results and compared with the action model and the results of this research. This correspondence may identify the brain regions involved in the illness process, which may provide an objective diagnostic test for the condition and approaches to treatment.
The implications of this model for cognitive science and CFS should be investigated through neurophenomenological research since the model stands to shed considerable light on the nature of consciousness, contact and agency.
Phenomenologically based treatments are proposed, along with suggestions for future research on CFS. The research may clarify the diagnostic criteria for CFS and guide management and treatment programmes, particularly multidimensional and interdisciplinary approaches.
Category theory is proposed as a foundation for a mathematisation of phenomenology.
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Holland, Shannon L. "Gender, national identity, and public discourse making sense of operation Iraqi freedom /." 2006. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/holland%5Fshannon%5Fl%5F200608%5Fphd.
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Stables, Gordon Wilson. "The discourse of war in a time of peace : representations of American military operations in the 1990s." 2002. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/stables%5Fgordon%5Fw%5F200208%5Fphd.
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Harris, Sarah Jane 1969. "The relationship between teacher pedagogical content knowledge and student understanding of integer operations." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-12-2203.
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether a professional development (PD) for teachers focused on improving teacher pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) related to operations with integers would improve teacher PCK and if there was a relationship between their level of PCK and the change in the understanding of their students as measured by pre- and posttest of teacher and student knowledge. The study was conducted summer 2010 in a large urban school district on two campuses providing a district funded annual summer intervention, called Jumpstart. This program was for grade 8 students who did not pass the state assessment (Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills), but would be promoted to high school in the Fall 2010 due to a decision made by the Grade Placement Committee. The Jumpstart program involved 22 teachers and 341 students.
For purposes of this study, changes were made to the PD and typical curriculum for a unit on integer operations to promote teacher and student conceptual understanding through a process of mathematical discussion called argumentation. The teachers and students explored a comprehensive representation for integer operations called a vector number line model using the Texas Instruments TI-73 calculator Numln application. During PD, teachers engaged in argumentation to make claims about strategies to use to understand integer operations and to explain their understanding of how different representations are connected.
The results showed statistically significant growth in teacher PCK following the professional development and statistically significant growth in student understanding from pre- to posttest compared to the students who participated in the program the previous year. The findings also showed that there was a statistically significant association between teacher posttest PCK and student improvement in understanding even when controlling for years of teaching experience, teacher pretest knowledge, and student pretest score. This adds to the research base additional evidence that professional development focused on teacher pedagogical content knowledge can have a positive effect on student achievement, even with just a short period of PD (6 hours in this case).text
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Ou, Yung-liu, and 歐勇柳. "A study on the operational process of a professional development community of mathematics teachers: Examples of the discourse-based formative assessment practice." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07266607059126536961.
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碩士慈濟大學
教育研究所
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This study is to discuss members’ growth from mathematic teachers of professional social group through the interactions of mathematic teachers of professional social group, and influences of the professional growth from teachers; gradually detect and solve problems, in addition to provision of feedbacks. The purposes of this study are as follows: 1.To understand the difficulties of teaching and students from learning mathematic lessons. 2.To analyze the process of professional social group from members growth. 3.To discuss members’ growth from mathematic teachers of professional social group through the discourse-based formative assessment practice. 4.To evaluate members’ growth of mathematic teachers as professional social group in field of the working of group, the dialogs formative assessment and to enhance performance of learning. This study applies action research method undertaken by four junior high mathematic teachers of Hualien, one Taipei city mathematic teachers and one new Taipei city elementary mathematic teachers. These mathematic teachers social group use meeting record, teaching observatory record, IRE structure mathematic transcript, simulate lesson dialogue, the discourse-based formative assessment practice code book, interview guideline etc. Data collected methods include interview, observation and document analysis. The results are as followed: 1.Difficulties of teaching and learning: Teachers will detect students’ mistakes from learning mathematics and propose a problems solving teaching method in order to enhance motivation of learning. 2.Participation of social activities among group members: Professional social group will influence social group members’ motivation which is foundation of social group. Members will benefit from enhancement of professional development and teaching skills. Interaction among members will also contribute to growth of teachers’ knowledge and experience of teaching. 3.Discourse-based formative assessment practice analysis by teachers’ social group Learning evaluation after undertaking discourse-based formative assessment practice analysis by teachers social group indicate that significant different between learning performance evaluation and learning attitude scale in mathematic subject. The result also shows that teaching method of three teachers has gradually changed, concerning students’ feedback and interaction between teachers and students. As a result, students’ learning will meet learning objectives. 4.A review and growth from a researcher participating in teachers social group Social group members will enhance teaching planning for teaching activities through teachers’ profession practice. Teachers can share knowledge and resource of teaching and profession to enhance teaching quality and profession growth through participating in profession social group. Each member will self-evaluate and improvement through discussion. Discourse-based formative assessment practice not only help students better understand mathematics but also change teaching belief of researchers.
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Lalancette, Mireille. "Représentations sociales et opérations discursives en politique : enjeux de spectacularisation." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3446.
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Cette thèse porte sur les représentations sociales. Fruit d’un bricolage conceptuel, ces représentations s’inspirent en partie des travaux de Serge Moscovici et de certains auteurs plus contemporains qui s’inscrivent dans son prolongement, dits de l’école française des représentations sociales, ainsi que d’auteurs anglo-saxons qui travaillent à partir de ce concept. Les écrits d’autres chercheurs, dont Stuart Hall, Richard Dyer et Jean-Michel Berthelot, qui adoptent dans des perspectives plus particulièrement liées aux Cultural Studies et à la sociologie ont également aidé à préciser notre façon d’envisager les représentations sociales et d’appréhender leur fonctionnement. Plus précisément, à la suite de Jodelet (1989), nous envisageons les représentations comme des « formes de connaissances socialement élaborées et partagées, ayant une visée pratique et concourant à la construction d’une réalité commune à un ensemble social » (p. 36). Ces représentations possèdent également d’autres particularités. Elles sont, d’après nous, constitutives ainsi que formées par des procédés langagiers qui rendent possibles des opérations. Ce concept nous permet d’étudier les représentations du point de vue de leur effectivité, soit de leur capacité à influencer les significations, à apporter un changement dans la manière d’interpréter une situation et, ce faisant, d’affecter les pratiques et d’induire une différence dans le monde.
Ce questionnement au sujet des représentations se déploie sur un terrain qui nous semblait particulièrement riche pour en étudier le fonctionnement, soit celui de la politique qui, par ailleurs, se déroule actuellement dans un contexte de spectacularisation. Présenté comme un brouillage des genres entre divertissement et politique, ce phénomène est également lié à l’avènement de la celebrity politics, à la personnalisation et à l’évaluation, à l’importance prise par le style en politique ainsi qu’à la dramatisation, la fragmentation et la normalisation.
Plus précisément, nous étudions les représentations dans un contexte de spectacularisation à partir de trois corpus documentant des événements aussi distincts que les fusions municipales en 2001, la montée en popularité de Mario Dumont et de l’ADQ en 2002 et 2003 ainsi que la série Bunker, le cirque, diffusée à la télévision de Radio-Canada à l’automne 2002. Ces corpus regroupent des textes de sources et de format variés, des textes de loi aux éditoriaux en passant par des dramatiques télévisuelles et des forums électroniques. Nous y avons effectué une analyse itérative et transversale des discours afin de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement des représentations dans un contexte de spectacularisation. Nos analyses ont démontré la variété des procédés et des opérations, telles que l’incontestabilisation, la projection, la localisation, l’amplification, la réduction et l’évaluation, qui permettent de modifier le sens et les enjeux des événements discutés. Les analyses ont également permis d’illustrer que les procédés et les opérations qu’ils rendent possibles balisent les frontières de l’objet et offrent un système classificateur.This doctoral dissertation deals with social representations. Resulting from a conceptual bricolage, these representations are inspired, among others, by the work of Serge Moscovici and a number of more contemporary followers, also known as the French school of social representations, as well as some English authors exploring the same concept. The writings of other researchers, such as Stuart Hall, Richard Dyer and Jean-Michel Berthelot, which are rooted in a perspective related to Cultural Studies and to sociology, have also helped us define our own approach to social representations, and understand how they operate. More specifically, we consider representations, based on Jodelet (1989), as “socially constructed and shared forms of knowledge, having a practical goal and contributing to the production of a common reality for a social group” (p. 36). These representations also possess other characteristics. They are, according to us, constitutive, as well as shaped by language processes, which make possible a number of operations. This concept allows us to study representations from the perspective of their effectivity, meaning their capacity of influencing significations, of changing the way in which a situation is interpreted and, ultimately, of modifying practices and making a difference in the world. These questions with regards to representations unfold in a research field, politics in a context of spectacularization, which appeared to us especially rich for studying how they work. Presented as a confusion of genre between entertainment and politics, this phenomenon is also related to the advent of celebrity politics, to personalization and to assessment, to the growing place taken by style in politics, as well as to dramatization, fragmentation and normalization. More specifically, we have studied those representations in a context of spectacularization based on three corpuses documenting events as different from each other as city amalgamations in Quebec in 2001, the rise of Mario Dumont and the ADQ in 2002 and 2003, and the show Bunker, le cirque broadcasted on Radio-Canada television in the fall of 2002. These corpuses include texts of different formats coming from various sources, such as Acts, editorials, TV dramas and websites. We have conducted an iterative, inductive and cross-corpuses discourse analysis in order to better understand how representations work in a context of spectacularization. This analysis has demonstrated the variety of processes and operations, such as incontestabilization, projection, localization, amplification, reduction and assessment, which modify the meaning and stakes of the events selected. The analysis allowed us to illustrate that processes and operations made by representations define the limits of an object and offer a system of classification.