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Colleto, Giseli Mary, and Vanessa Gomes. "Exploring machine learning-based archetypes for urban life cycle modeling (UBiM)." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 38 (December 21, 2022): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.38.0169.
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Urban analyses demand simplifications that balance modelling level of detail and scope broadness. Thus, classification by archetypes is a promising methodological approach. Such an approach is common for energy studies but rarely applied for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) purposes. When archetypes are used in urban LCA, they generally result from previous studies for classification and characterization according to parameters that directly affect the operational energy performance of buildings. This paper tackles two research questions: i) Is it appropriate to aggregate building stocks based on operational energy (OE) variables when life cycle impacts are investigated? ii) When integrated LCA (OE + embodied impacts) is pursued, would variables describing both interests simultaneously result in better representation than using operational energy-based clustering to predict embodied impacts and vice versa? Thus, we aim to confirm that, combining variables that govern OE and embodied impacts offers a better result than using OE to predict materials groupings, even if some adherence is lost relatively to single-objective clustering. Clustering experiments were carried out for the campus of the University of Campinas, Brazil. After unsupervised k-medoid (PAM) grouping, the data were submitted to a supervised learning (neural networks) classification method. Generated confusion matrices demonstrate how adherent the clustering is when considering one interest to predict the other in three situations. Results indicate that an operational energy-driven archetype fails to represent buildings from the embodied impacts viewpoint, and that merging operational energy and embodied impact variables would better support integrated life cycle impact predictions.
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Pushkar, Svetlana, and Abraham Yezioro. "External Shading Devices: Should the Energy Standard Be Supplemented with a Production Stage?" Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 12690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912690.
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The Israeli Standard SI5282 rates buildings according to the operational energy (OE) used to support their heating, cooling, and lighting needs. When it was proposed, OE was generally considered to be derived from fossil fuels, such as coal. However, at present, Israel is in the process of transitioning to cleaner energy sources, such as natural gas and renewables. In light of this change, the question that guided this study was as follows: should the production (P) stage of external shading devices be taken into account alongside the OE stage? In this study, we aimed to evaluate the P (environmental damage) and OE (environmental benefit) of five external shading devices with equivalently high energy rates that were installed in a typical office building using cleaner OE sources. We evaluated the environmental impacts using the ReCiPe2016 method. The results indicated that the P stage of the five shading devices led to significantly different degrees of environmental damage, thus reducing the environmental benefits related to the OE stage. Therefore, the five similarly rated shading devices could no longer be considered as equivalent sustainable alternatives. As such, we recommend that the energy rating be supplemented with a P stage environmental evaluation.
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Tennakoon, G. A., Anuradha Waidyasekara, and B. J. Ekanayake. "Revisiting the role of professionals in designing buildings with low embodied and operational energy." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 10, no. 1 (September 6, 2019): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-01-2019-0009.
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Purpose Many studies have focused on embodied energy (EE) and operational energy (OE), but a shortage of studies on decision making, which involves several decision makers whose decisions can affect the energy performance of buildings, is evident. From the stages of the project life cycle, the design stage is identified as the ideal stage for integrating energy efficiency into buildings. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to revisit the role of professionals in designing energy-conscious buildings with low EE and OE. Design/methodology/approach This study administered a qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews only with 12 experts, due to the lack of expertise in the subject matter. The data were analyzed using manual content analysis. Findings The outcomes revealed the necessity to revisit the role of construction professionals in terms of adopting energy-efficient building design concepts from the project outset. The roles of the key professional groups (i.e. architects, structural engineers, services engineers and quantity surveyors) were identified through this research. Common issues in designing energy-efficient buildings and the means of addressing such problems were outlined. Originality/value This study contributes to the knowledge by revisiting the roles of construction professionals and proposing how they could leverage their strengths to play the important role and contribute collectively to design buildings with both low OE and EE.
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Haik, Rotem, Isaac A. Meir, and Alva Peled. "Lime Hemp Concrete with Unfired Binders vs. Conventional Building Materials: A Comparative Assessment of Energy Requirements and CO2 Emissions." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 7, 2023): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020708.
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This work assesses the energy requirements and CO2 emissions of a building made of Lime Hemp Concrete (LHC) with alternative unfired binders as lime replacement, compared to buildings made of standard LHC, and several conventional building materials. The assessment is based on ISO 14040, which deals with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and examines two aspects: energy, including pre-use phase Embodied Energy (EE), and use phase Operational Energy (OE); and CO2 emissions, including pre-use phase Embodied Carbon (EC), and use phase Operational Carbon (OC). The EE and EC calculations are based on published databases, while OE and OC were obtained with EnergyPlus simulations. The assessment refers to a specific case study in an arid region, with extreme diurnal and seasonal fluctuations of temperature and relative humidity. Using LHC with 100% unfired binder as lime replacement was shown to save up to 90% of the total energy consumption and CO2 emissions, as compared to conventional building materials. The findings of this research clearly demonstrate the high potential of LHC with unfired binders as lime replacement, which possesses the lowest energy requirements and CO2 emissions, illustrating the potential for a building with significantly low environmental impact over its life cycle, i.e., when calculating both EE and EC, and OE and OC.
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Binow Bitar, Ana Luíza, Ivar Bergmans, and Michiel Ritzen. "Circular, biomimicry-based, and energy-efficient façade development for renovating terraced dwellings in the Netherlands." Journal of Facade Design and Engineering 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 75–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/jfde.2022.1.04.
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Many studies concerning lowering the Operational Energy (OE) of existing dwellings have been conducted. However, those studies barely cover its collateral Embodied Energy (EE). As the Circular Economy is gaining momentum and the balance between OE and EE is shifting, the Life Cycle Energy Performance (LCEP) is becoming increasingly relevant as an indicator. LCEP accounts for all the OE and EE a building consumes during its lifespan. However, clear insights into the LCEP are still to be investigated. This study focuses on developing a circular and energy-efficient renovation solution for a common terraced dwelling typology in the Netherlands. The energy-efficient renovation is based on three circular strategies: Biomimicry, Urban Mining, and Design for Disassembly (DfD), covering the aspects of EE and future reuse of building materials and components. The developed renovation solution reduces 82% of the LCEP compared to the existing scenario. With additional photovoltaic (PV) modules, the dwelling reduces 100% of the LCEP. Applying biomimicry, urban mining, and DfD-based renovation can significantly lower the overall LCEP and its collateral environmental impacts to achieve a Life Cycle Zero Energy circular renovation.
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Osman, Mohamed Ibrahim, Roslina Mohammad, Sha'ri Yusof, and Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan. "Development of an operational excellence framework for organisational performance improvement in the Sudanese aviation industry." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 14, no. 4 (September 8, 2021): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3570.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for successful implementation of Operational Excellence (OE) by the organisations in the Sudanese aviation industry, as well as to determine the resulted impacts in the improved organisational performance and competitive advantage, and to quantify the benefits.Design/methodology/approach: The Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of OE were provided and dissected to reveal its integrated components and their importance levels. These factors include leadership, people management, continuous improvement, operational strategy, and asset optimisation. Also, the impacts (outcomes) further categorised in the four financial results, quality of products or services, efficiency, and satisfaction groups were presented, while the weight of each outcome was highlighted.Findings: With the OE's conceptual framework, the critical success factors to achieve OE were identified. Hence, from the five main factors, the expert panel members suggested the leadership factor to be the most important to achieve OE in the Sudanese aviation industry. Ranking of the five critical success factors and the forty sub factors provided a better understanding of the Sudan situation, specifically concerning the effective implementation of OE philosophy.Research limitations/implications: The findings of the sub-factors reported in this study were not enough. As a result, the future studies must focus on the detailed descriptions of sub-factors that are related to each of the critical factor identified. Practical implications: Efficiency in the organisations is generated and enhanced when the organisations become efficient in reducing the waste of time, raw materials, unnecessary processing, in addition to the energy used in transportation, storing, and operating plant. Besides, the state of effectiveness is achieved when the organisation achieves its long-term goals through increased customer satisfaction and is able to prove its reason for being. OE is critical as it assures both the efficiency and effectiveness of organisationsOriginality/value: The past research activities have relatively over-emphasised in the unilateral "result-driven" perspective of OE that corresponds with the limited concern for enablers, the critical forms and focus of OE. Thus, this issue is a shortcoming that this paper attempts to address.
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Pushkar, Svetlana, and Oleg Verbitsky. "ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE FROM WALL TECHNOLOGIES FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN ISRAEL." Journal of Green Building 11, no. 4 (September 2016): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.11.4.154.1.
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Four wall technologies used for residential building in Israel (concrete, lightweight concrete block, autoclaved aerated block, and concrete block) were evaluated for their total environmental damage. The production and construction (P&C) and operational energy (OE) stages were considered. Influences of the climate (the four climate zones of Israel), building type (regular and low-energy), and primary fuel source [natural gas and photovoltaic (PV) for energy production] on the selection of the best wall technology were analyzed. EnergyPlus software was used to evaluate building heating and cooling needs for the OE stage. The ReCiPe method was used for both the P&C and OE stages to evaluate environmental damage via human health, ecosystem quality and resource depletion damage categories. It was determined that both concrete block walls and concrete walls were the best choices when natural gas was used, while the concrete block and autoclaved aerated block walls were the best choices when PV was used. The following two conclusions were reached: wall technologies with high thermal mass are environmentally preferred when natural gas is used, whereas wall technologies with reduced cement quantity are environmentally preferred when PV is used.
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Pushkar, Svetlana. "Life-Cycle Assessment of LEED-CI v4 Projects in Shanghai, China: A Case Study." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (March 24, 2023): 5722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075722.
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The purpose of this study was to explore green office building certification strategies in Shanghai. The 45 LEED-CI v4 gold-certified office space projects were sorted by energy and atmosphere credit (EAc6, optimize energy performance) into two groups: 15 projects with the lowest EAc6 achievement (Group 1) and 15 projects with the highest EAc6 achievement (Group 2). To reach the gold certification level in Group 1, high achievement in EAc6 is associated with low achievement in two indoor environmental quality credits (EQc2, low-emitting materials, and EQc8, quality views), while in Group 2, low achievement in EAc6 is associated with high achievement in EQc2 and EQ8. For the life-cycle assessment (LCA), the functional unit was designated as follows: production (P) stage: production of building materials needed to ensure the requirements of EQc2 and EQc8 for 1 m2 of the building area; and operational energy (OE) stage: OE of 1 m2 of the building area over 50 years of the building’s lifetime. For the OE stage, two fuel source scenarios were used: 71.07% coal + 28.08% natural gas + 0.81% wind power (WP) + 0.04% photovoltaic (PV) (Scenario 1) and 50% WP + 50% PV (Scenario 2). The results of the LCA (P + OE) showed that under Scenario 1, the LEED certification strategy in Group 1 was greener than that in Group 2. When using Scenario 2, no differences were found between the two groups.
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Sueyoshi, Toshiyuki, Ruchuan Zhang, and Aijun Li. "Measuring and Analyzing Operational Efficiency and Returns to Scale in a Time Horizon: Assessment of China’s Electricity Generation & Transmission at Provincial Levels." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16021006.
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This study discusses the assessment of OE (operational efficiency) and RTS (returns to scale) over a time horizon. Many previous DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) studies have discussed how to measure OE/RTS. However, their works did not consider the measurement over time. The important feature of the proposed approach is that our models are different from standard ones in terms of factor (inputs and outputs) unification. A problem with standard models is that they produce different efficiency measures for input and output orientations. Consequently, they yield different OE and RTS estimates depending upon which production factor is used for measurement. To handle the difficulty, we develop a new DEA formulation whose efficiency measure is determined after combining inputs and outputs, and then we discuss how to measure the types of RTS. The other methodological feature is that the proposed model incorporates a time horizon. As an empirical application, this study considers electricity generation and transmission across Chinese provinces from 2006 to 2019. The first key outcome is that the performance of China’s electricity generation and transmission system tends to improve with an annual growth rate of 0.45% across time. The second outcome is that, during the observed periods, China has more occurrences of decreasing rather than increasing RTS. As an implication, some provinces (e.g., Jiangxi and Hainan) need to increase their generation sizes to enhance their OE measures, while other provinces (e.g., Jiangsu and Zhejiang) should decrease their generation sizes. Finally, this study confirms significant technological heterogeneity across Chinese provinces and groups.
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Pushkar, Svetlana, Abraham Yezioro, Cheli Hershcovich, and Yasha J. Grobman. "Life-Cycle Assessment of Sculptured Tiles for Building Envelopes in Mediterranean Climate." Buildings 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020165.
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Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) were conducted to evaluate sculptured cement mortar tiles, proposed by Hershcovich et al. (2021), and conventional cement mortar flat tiles for thermal insulation of a typical residential building in Mediterranean climate. The production (P) and operational energy (OE) stages were compared between the sculptured tiles and the conventional flat tiles. The P stage used Portland cement with 95% clinker (CEM I) and Portland limestone cement with 65% clinker (CEM II). The OE stage used 31% coal, 56% natural gas, and 13% photovoltaic (PV) (adopted in 2020) and 8% coal, 57% natural gas, and 35% PV (planned for 2025). The ReCiPe2016 single-score method was used to assess environmental damage over short (20 years), long (100 years), and infinite (1000 years) time horizons of living pollutants. The results show that the use of sculptured tiles caused environmental damage in the short time horizon and environmental benefits in the long and infinite time horizons in the 2020 scenario, while it led to environmental benefits only in the infinite time horizon in the 2025 scenario.
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Pushkar, Svetlana, and Oleg Verbitsky. "LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTS OF WHITE FLAT AND RED OR WHITE PITCHED ROOFS FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN ISRAEL." Journal of Green Building 12, no. 2 (March 2017): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.12.2.95.
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Historically, white flat roofs have been used in Israel due to the intense solar radiation and long, hot, rainless summers. However, red pitched roofs have also been frequently used for aesthetic reasons. It has been recently observed that red pitched roofs have been recolored white by homeowners. The goal of this study was to compare the life cycle assessments (LCAs) of white flat roofs versus red or white pitched roofs through their production (P), operational energy (OE), and maintenance to disposal (MtoD) stages. EnergyPlus software was used to evaluate the OE stage. The ReCiPe method was used to evaluate the environmental damages in all the stages. A two-stage nested ANOVA was used to determine the significant differences between the ReCiPe result of a white flat roof and the ReCiPe result of a red/white pitched roof. It was found that (i) selection of the best roof technology (flat or pitched) requires consideration of the LCA, including the P, OE, and MtoD stages; (ii) the white (flat and pitched) roof was the best technology, while the red pitched roof was the worst technology; and (iii) the combination of the ReCiPe endpoint hierarchical six methodological options method with two-stage nested hierarchical mixed ANOVA is the best approach for assessing the differences related to the LCAs of roof technologies.
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Dixit, M. K., and P. Pradeep Kumar. "Analyzing Embodied Energy and Embodied Water of Construction Materials for an Environmentally Sustainable Built Environment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1122, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1122/1/012045.
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Abstract Buildings consume over 40% of global energy in their construction and operations contributing to over 39% of global carbon emission each year. This huge environmental footprint presents an excellent opportunity to reduce energy use and help deliver an environmentally sustainable built environment. Most of the energy is consumed by buildings as embodied energy (EE) and operational energy (OE). EE is used directly and indirectly during buildings’ initial construction, maintenance and replacement, and demolition phases through construction products and services. OE is used in the processes of heating, cooling, water heating, lighting, and operating building equipment. Most environmental optimization research has been centered on energy and carbon emission overlooking another critical sustainability aspect, water use. Each building also consumes a significant amount of freshwater as embodied water (EW) or virtual water in its initial construction, maintenance and replacement, and demolition phases. Since each primary and secondary energy source depletes water in its extraction, refinement or production, there is also a water expense associated with EE and OE use that must also be included in total EW use. The total EW, therefore, includes both non-energy and energy related water use. Research suggests that there are tradeoffs between EE and EW that may complicate design decisions such as material selection for environmental sustainability. In other words, a material selected for its lower EE may have higher EW and selecting such a material may not help reach environmental sustainability goals since water scarcity is becoming a grave problem. In this paper, we created an input-output-based hybrid (IOH) model for calculating and comparing EE and EW of building materials frequently used in building construction. The main goal is to examine and highlight any tradeoffs that may exist when selecting one material over another. The results reveal that there is a weak correlation between EE and total EW that is the sum of energy and non-energy water use, which means that a design decision made solely based on EE may conflict with EW. The share of energy related water use in total EW of construction materials also varies significantly (2.5%-31.2%), indicating that reducing energy use alone may not be sufficient to reduce freshwater use; additional efforts may be needed to decrease the use of materials and processes that are water intensive. The results of this study are significant to achieving the goal of creating a truly sustainable built environment.
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Pushkar, Svetlana. "LEED-CI v4 Projects in Terms of Life Cycle Assessment in Manhattan, New York City: A Case Study." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 2360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032360.
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Over the last decade, it has been clearly shown that the same achievements in Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) projects can lead to different life cycle assessments (LCAs). However, the problem of contradictory achievements in LEED and LCA has not yet been resolved. This study aimed to identify and evaluate different strategies for LEED projects using LCAs. Thirty-nine LEED projects with the same characteristics—location and transportation, rating system, rating version, certification level, and space type—were collected and sorted by their energy and atmosphere (EA) category, “optimize energy performance” credit (EAc6) achievement into three equal groups (EALow, EAMedium, and EAHigh, where each group includes 13 LEED projects) to minimize the influence of uncontrolled factors on the LEED project strategy. The author focused on two extreme groups with very different EAc6 credit scores: EALow (13 projects) and EAHigh (13 projects). The groups were compared across LEED categories and credits. Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney and Cliff’s δ test results showed that the EALow and EAHigh groups are associated with high/low achievements in materials-related credits such as “interiors life cycle impact reduction”, “building product disclosure and optimization—material ingredients”, and “low-emitting materials”. As a result, the EALow and EAHigh groups were reclassified into EnergyLow–MaterialsHigh and Energyhigh–MaterialsLow certification strategy groups. In this context, LCAs were used to assess the differences between the two strategies. The results showed that if natural gas was used for operational energy (OE), the EnergyHigh–MaterialsLow strategy showed lower environmental damage compared to the EnergyLow–MaterialsHigh strategy (p = 0.0635); meanwhile, if photovoltaic energy was used for OE, the EnergyLow–MaterialsHigh strategy showed lower environmental damage compared to the EnergyHigh–MaterialsLow strategy (p = 0.0036). The author recommends using the LEED protocol and the LCA method in parallel to better reflect the environmental impact of different certification strategies.
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Yoon, Beomhee, Chul-Soon Park, Hyung-Jun Song, Jeonghun Kwak, Sang-Shin Lee, and Hyunho Lee. "Perovskite solar cells integrated with blue cut-off filters for mitigating light-induced degradation." Optics Express 30, no. 17 (August 12, 2022): 31367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.465848.
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The stability of methylammonium (MA)-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remains one of the most urgent issues that need to be addressed. Inherent weak binding forces between MAs and halides cause the perovskite structure to become unstable under exposure to various external environmental factors such as moisture, oxygen, ultraviolet radiation, and heat. In particular, the degradation of perovskite films under light exposure accelerates the deterioration of the device, mainly due to the migration of halide ions. In this study, we investigated the effect of light energy on the degradation of inverted PSCs by introducing red ( = 610–800 nm), green (500–590 nm), and blue (300–500 nm) light-pass filters. After 30 h, the inverted PSCs of blue-light-induced devices retained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 70%, while those of the green and red light-induced devices retained PCEs of 85% and 90%, respectively. Direct evidence of light-induced degradation was obtained by investigating morphological changes in the perovskite films and the amount of ion accumulation on the Ag electrode. This evidence highlights the varying effect of light with different energies on device degradation. Furthermore, to minimize light-induced device degradation, we designed two types of blue cut-off filters that can selectively block light ranging from = 400 to 500 nm, comprising a multilayered inorganic metasurface. An optical simulation was used to optimize the performance of the designed filters. By investigating the changes in the photovoltaic parameters and the amount of ion accumulation on the Ag electrode, we confirmed that integrating blue cut-off filters into PSCs greatly improved the operational lifetime of the devices.
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Dixit, M. K., P. Pradeep Kumar, and S. S. Shanbhag. "Analyzing embodied energy and embodied water for university buildings using input-output-based hybrid method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1196, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1196/1/012047.
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Abstract Buildings present a unique opportunity to not just effectively decrease global energy use but also drastically reduce nearly 40% of global carbon emissions to help mitigate the ongoing climate change. Although most of the building energy use is attributed to building operations as operational energy (OE), a portion of it is termed embodied energy (EE) that is consumed in building construction, transportation, and material production activities. EE of a building, therefore, includes energy consumed directly in onsite and offsite construction and transportation and indirectly through material consumption since each construction material consumes energy in its production and transportation. Like EE, buildings also consume significant amounts of fresh water directly and indirectly as embodied water (EW) in their construction, which is becoming a major concern globally. As fresh water is also depleted in producing and refining energy sources used as EE, a portion of this EW is attributed to energy-related water use (EREW). Most research so far has been focusing on the energy and carbon emission dimensions of buildings overlooking the equally important aspect of water use, which is also crucial for delivering a truly environmentally sustainable building. In this study, an input-output-based hybrid (IOH) model is created to compute and compare EE and EW of 10 higher education buildings and examine the correlation of the calculated EE and EW values. The results demonstrate that the total EE and electricity EE of the study buildings share a very strong positive correlation (r2 = 0.93-0.99) with the buildings’ total EW at the building level. This correlation, however, weakens at the material level. The share of EREW in the total EW ranges from 9-13%, which indicates that reducing just EE may not help decrease EW, and additional efforts may be needed to address EW and reduce fresh water use in building construction.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Automated Well Models Improve PCP Surveillance and Optimization." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 03 (March 1, 2022): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0322-0059-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 207290, “Intelligent Operating Envelope Integrated With Automated Well Models Improves Assetwide Progressing-Cavity-Pump Surveillance and Optimization,” by Mohammed Al Sawafi and Antonio Andrade, Petroleum Development Oman, and Nitish Kumar, Weatherford, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The operator has completed a project in which the progressing-cavity-pump (PCP) well-modeling process is automated. Models are built and sustained automatically in a well-management system (WMS) for all active PCP wells, with a major effect on day-to-day operational activities. The complete paper discusses use of physics-based well models from the WMS to automatically update operating envelopes (OE), identify daily oil-gain potential, and enable real-time PCP performance through a well-management-visualization system (WMVS). Introduction PCPs have gained popularity in recent years and, thus, have increased their footprint within the operator’s assets. At the time of writing, PCP wells contribute 19% of the operator’s net oil production, with a minimal water-cut rate per well in comparison with all other artificial-lift wells. The number of PCPs has almost doubled since the inception of an exception-based-surveillance (EBS) system in 2015, and the effort in configuring and managing EBS alerts had become more challenging, with each engineer handling an average of 30 EBS alerts per week. In 2018, the operator’s PCP team completed a Lean project for sustainable PCP well modeling by automating the complete process in the WMS (a nodal-analysis-based real-time application) and delivering 100% real-time models for all active PCP wells. This was achieved by building and integrating the operator’s corporate database for PCP wells with the WMS. The system was developed for performing PCP well modeling by collecting well information automatically from various corporate databases such as an artificial-lift database, a subsurface database, a production database, and reservoir and pressure/volume/temperature databases, among others (Fig. 1).
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Nolêto, Letícia Cavalcante, Ednilson Henrique Pereira da Silva, Karine Sousa de Araujo, Danniel Cabral Leão Ferreira, Fabrício Pires de Moura Amaral, José Ferreira Nunes, Janaina de Fátima Saraiva Cardoso, Ney Rômulo de Oliveira Paula, and Rômulo José Vieira. "Caracterização do efeito cicatrizante do óleo de eucalipto (eucalyptus radiata) em feridas dermatológicas." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 12 (September 6, 2022): e25111234120. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34120.
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Eucalyptus radiata é uma espécie vegetal originária da Austrália, ecologicamente importante e fonte de óleos essenciais (OE) com potenciais atividades biológicas como ação antiinflamatória, antioxidante, analgésica, redutora de fadiga, hipoglicemiante, inseticida e bactericida que em geral são atribuídas a composição bioquímica presente no OE, sobretudo ao composto marjoritário 1,8-cineol. Contudo, inexistem estudos investigando o possível potencial cicatrizante do OE de E. radiata, o que torna esta planta um importante alvo para novas formulações terapêuticas. Desse modo, o presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar o efeito cicatrizante do OE de E. radiata em feridas dermatológicas. Para tanto, foi elaborado um creme de uso tópico com OE de E. radiata, que foi submetido a caracterização físico-química e a análise in vivo (Wistar albinus). Como resultados pode-se evidenciar que o creme elaborado com o OE de E. radiata (1,5, 3,5 e 5%) apresentou aspecto homogêneo característico de emulsão fase oleosa/aquosa, sem presença de grumos, não apresentou alterações significativas no aspecto, cor e odor, quanto ao pH (3,82 - 3,90) e a densidade, não houve grandes variações entre as formulações. Portanto, a utilização do OE de E. radiata na formulação de um creme apresentou-se ser viável, mantendo o odor característico do óleo, adequada espalhabilidade, não apresentou mudança de coloração, mantendo se constante sua estabilidade na maioria dos testes realizados. O gel creme a base de 5% do OE de E. radiata, neste trabalho, demonstrou ter potencial de estimular e favorecer o processo de cicatrização in vivo em ratos Wistar allbinus.
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Kurilchik, Sergey, Natali Gusakova, Maxim Demesh, Anatol Yasukevich, Viktor Kisel, Anatoly Pavlyuk, and Nikolai Kuleshov. "Energy transfer in Tm,Ho:KYW crystal and diode-pumped microchip laser operation." Optics Express 24, no. 6 (March 15, 2016): 6451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.006451.
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Batisti, Daniella Londero Silva, Ricardo Botelho Camargo, Viviane Krominski Graça de Souza, José Renato Pattaro Júnior, José Eduardo Gonçalves, and Cristiane Mengue Feniman Moritz. "Avaliação do efeito antisséptico de nanoemulsão com óleo essencial de canela sobre Streptococcus mutans." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 4 (March 20, 2022): e33211426314. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.26314.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a atividade antibacteriana de nanoemulsão com óleo essencial (OE) de canela (Cinamomum cassia), como antisséptico bucal. Foram desenvolvidas duas formulações de enxaguatório bucal contendo OE de canela para o preparo de nanoemulsões com dois tipos de surfactantes, Tween 80 e lecitina de soja. Os tratamentos foram comparados com a clorexidina (controle) para as Concentrações Inibitórias e Bactericidas Mínimas (CIM e CBM, respectivamente), sinergismo entre os tratamentos e cinética de atividade antimicrobiana contra Streptococcus mutans, além da quantificação da substantividade dos tratamentos. Conjuntamente, foi realizada a caracterização química do OE de canela e a caracterização das nanoemulsões. As nanoemulsões apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana na CIM e CBM de 0,625 mg mL-1 contra o Streptococcus mutans e a clorexidina de 0,01 mg mL-1 e não foi detectado sinergismo entre cada nanoemulsões de OE de canela e a clorexidina. Comparando a eficiência das nanoemulsões com a clorexidina a 0,12%, na quantificação da substantividade, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos.
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Ferreira, Maycon Lopes, João Pedro Mesquita Oliveira, Thaylanna Pinto de Lima, Brendha Araújo de Sousa de Sousa, Rodrigo de Aquino Almeida, Ana Paula Muniz Serejo, Silvio Carvalho Marinho, et al. "Desenvolvimento de uma nanoemulsão (o/a) bioativa incorporada ao óleo essencial de Coleus aromaticus Benth (hortelã-grosso)." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 2 (January 22, 2022): e18711223516. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.23516.
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Este estudo objetivou avaliar a atividade larvicida do óleo essencial (OE) e nanoemulsão (O/A) das folhas de Coleus aromaticus Benth (hortelã-grosso). O material vegetal obtido nesta pesquisa foi coletado em Arari (MA) em maio de 2021. Para extração do OE foi utilizada a técnica de hidrodestilação em um sistema extrator de Clevenger modificado. A determinação dos compostos fenólicos totais foi realizada pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteu. A atividade antioxidante foi executada pelo método espectrofotométrico de eliminação de radicais hidroxila do ácido salicílico. Para atividade larvicida submeteu-se larvas Aedes aegypti a soluções do OE e nanoemulsões em concentrações de 10-100 mg L-1, onde avaliou-se a mortalidade das larvas e determinou-se a CL50 pelo método de Probit. No ensaio de fenólicos totais, foi quantificado o valor de 350,86 mg EAT g-1, sendo um resultado significativo para presença da classe no óleo essencial. No ensaio de atividade antioxidante foi obtida a CE50 de 195,39 mg L-1 para ação de C. aromaticus sendo classificada como promissora. Observou-se ação do OE como larvicida sendo determinada a CL50 de 3,24 mg L-1, enquanto para nanoemulsão foi observada ação superior em de 1,83 mg L-1. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o OE estudado apresentou atividade larvicida eficiente contra as larvas de Aedes aegypti. Por fim, destaca-se o potencial obtido para o OE e nanoemulsão obtida da espécie em estudo, sendo importante destacar que a nanoemulsão obtida é um bioproduto formulado a partir do óleo essencial com potencial de mercado, sendo importante no controle e combate de casos relacionados ao Aedes aegypti.
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Habib, J., O. Guilbaud, B. Zielbauer, D. Zimmer, M. Pittman, S. Kazamias, C. Montet, T. kuehl, and D. Ros. "Low energy prepulse for 10 Hz operation of a soft-x-ray laser." Optics Express 20, no. 9 (April 18, 2012): 10128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.010128.
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Cruz, Ana Carolina Sirelli da, Ila Silva de Britto Cunha, Laísa Maria Souza Xavier da Silva, Adrian Rui Angela Gonzalez, Luis Fernandes Pereira Santos, Ingrid Lessa Leal, Elaine Janaína Linhares da Conceição, Priscilla Quenia Muniz Bezerra, and Márcia Filgueiras Rebelo de Matos. "Azeites aromatizados por óleos essenciais: uma comparação entre análises físico-químicas e sensoriais para atender diferentes perfis de consumidores." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 5 (March 29, 2022): e6411527912. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i5.27912.
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Para aumentar a atratividade do azeite extra virgem para os consumidores, a indústria alimentícia vem adicionando óleos essenciais (OE) ao produto. Entretanto, existe uma lacuna sobre as características sensoriais e físico-químicas do azeite após a adoção desta prática. O presente estudo teve como objetivo: (i) desenvolver azeites extra virgens aromatizados por OE; (ii) realizar treinamento de avaliadores; (iii) analisar sensorialmente os azeites aromatizados e padrão, entre provadores treinados e não treinados, e (iv) avaliar o efeito do OE na estabilidade oxidativa do azeite extra virgem. Amostras de azeites aromatizados foram desenvolvidas utilizando azeite extra virgem e OE de alecrim, limão siciliano, louro e orégano (0,5% p/v). O azeite tradicional foi utilizado como padrão e todas as amostras do estudo foram avaliadas sensorialmente por um grupo de avaliadores treinados e não treinados e caracterizadas quanto à acidez e índice de peróxido. Os azeites aromatizados apresentaram melhores resultados para todos os testes sensoriais aplicados quando comparados ao padrão. A adição de OE no azeite demonstrou a capacidade de aumentar sua estabilidade oxidativa, podendo atuar como conservante natural, considerando as variações da acidez de 0,46 a 0,64% e do índice de peróxido de 9,59 a 12,16 meq/kg nas amostras (valores de referência de até 0,8% e 20 meq/kg, respectivamente). Neste estudo, o desenvolvimento dos novos produtos mostrou potencial de inserção comercial, oferecendo versatilidade ao azeite tradicional ao agregar sabor, aroma e estabilidade, e ampliação da possibilidade de utilização por diferentes perfis de consumidores (cozinheiros profissionais ou não) para aplicação em diversas preparações gastronômicas.
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Cong, G. W., R. Akimoto, K. Akita, T. Hasama, and H. Ishikawa. "Low-saturation-energy-driven ultrafast all-optical switching operation in (CdS/ZnSe)/BeTe intersubband transition." Optics Express 15, no. 19 (2007): 12123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.15.012123.
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Bin, Márcia Crestani, Sandro Menezes Silva, Dênia Mendes de Sousa Valladão, and Eliana Janet Sanjinez Argandoña. "A review of essential oils and their properties in the genus Campomanesia (Myrtaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 12 (September 25, 2022): e215111234243. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34243.
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O gênero Campomanesia (Myrtaceae) compreende espécies de interesse econômico e científico. Produzem óleos essenciais (OE), extraídos a partir das folhas, frutos, sementes, raízes e casca. Das espécies de Campomanesia, 14 são encontradas no bioma Cerrado, um dos maiores domínios fitogeográficos brasileiros e é hotspot de biodiversidade e espécies endêmicas. O objetivo foi compreender os OE do gênero Campomanesia do Cerrado brasileiro, revisar as espécies e os constituintes bioativos desses óleos. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journal, Science Direct, com as palavras-chave: “essential oil” and “Campomanesia” combinada com o nome das espécies do Cerrado. Nas 37 publicações resultantes, há uma variedade de OE potenciais descritos, a maioria dos quais com atividades antimicrobiana e antioxidante. C. adamantium e C. pubescens foram as mais citadas e cinco espécies no gênero não foram incluídas pelos critérios de pesquisa. Compostos com potencial atividade biológica incluem os monoterpenos como os principais constituintes dos óleos voláteis dos frutos, enquanto os sesquiterpenos são compostos majoritários nas partes restantes das plantas. Assim, os OE da Campomanesia fornecem alternativas potencialmente interessantes e viáveis para alimentação e terapêutica. O uso sustentável da biodiversidade, aliado à biotecnologia, é o caminho para desenvolver produtos mais naturais ou compostos que se combinem sinergicamente com produtos sintéticos, reduzindo as concentrações necessárias para atingir o efeito desejado. Assim, com as muitas espécies de Campomanesia no Cerrado, a conservação da biodiversidade pode ser aliada ao uso sustentável e proporcionar benefícios, da mesa à farmácia, em futuro próximo.
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Lindau, F., O. Lundh, A. Persson, K. Cassou, S. Kazamias, D. Ros, F. Plé, et al. "Quantitative study of 10 Hz operation of a soft x-ray laser—energy stability and target considerations." Optics Express 15, no. 15 (2007): 9486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.15.009486.
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Chen, Xiaowen, Lisha Wang, Wenjuan Han, Yunfeng Guo, Honghao Xu, Haohai Yu, Huaijin Zhang, and Junhai Liu. "High-energy passively Q-switched operation of Yb:GdCa_4O(BO_3)_3 laser with a GaAs semiconductor saturable absorber." Optics Express 23, no. 23 (November 12, 2015): 30357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.23.030357.
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Santos, Erika Cristiane Gomes dos, Dulcielle de Nazaré Angelim da Silva, and Charliana Aragão Damasceno. "A utilização dos óleos essenciais no tratamento de transtorno de ansiedade em crianças: revisão integrativa." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 7 (May 27, 2022): e34111729972. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i7.29972.
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Este artigo teve como objetivo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura voltada para o uso e eficácia da aromaterapia com óleos essenciais (OE) no tratamento e controle de ansiedade em crianças. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados PUBMED, LILACS, BVS e SCIELO, que após os critérios de exclusão e inclusão foram incluídos 11 estudos relacionados ao tema. Os resultados mostram queOE’s de lavanda (lavandula angustifólia), laranja (Citrus aurantium), laranja doce (Citrus sinensis)e bergamota (Citrusbergamia)foram eficazes na redução da ansiedade em crianças submetidas a ambiente ou situação estressora. Por outro lado, o uso do OE de bergamota(Citrusbergamia)em crianças com transtorno do aspecto autista não reduziu a ansiedade quando comparado ao controle.No geral, os OE’s são seguros e eficazes em reduzir ansiedade em crianças com fobias específicas, havendo necessidade de mais estudos em crianças com TEA para avaliar o uso de outros óleos essenciais na redução da ansiedade, bem como, analisar a aromaterapia em grupos de crianças com diferentes categorias de transtorno de ansiedade.
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Cruz, Kamila Martins da, Rosemary Matias, and Carla Letícia Gediel Rivero-Wendt. "O uso da aromaterapia durante o trabalho de parto: caracterização do conhecimento do enfermeiro." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 11 (August 22, 2021): e68101119417. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19417.
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O parto é o momento singular na vida da gestante e a enfermagem com seu modelo assistencial e holístico, consegue colocar a mulher como protagonista do processo de parto, utilizando ferramentas como a aromaterapia. Este estudo caracterizou o conhecimento sobre a aromaterapia e do uso dos óleos essenciais (OEs) durante o trabalho de parto (TP) por meio de um questionário aplicado as enfermeiras das Maternidades Cândido Mariano e do Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Pedrossian (HUMAP). A partir dos resultados foi possível verificar que 100% dos profissionais conhecem a aromaterapia. Entretanto, o percentual 69,2% possuem formação técnica e conhecimento sobre os meios de diluição e aplicação dos OEs, os profissionais não fazem preferência por marca de produto, 100% utilizam o óleo essencial (OE) de lavanda e 61,5% o OE de canela nas parturientes. Assim, a aromaterapia já é uma prática regular entre os enfermeiros das instituições, porém se faz necessário a capacitação adequada, para que apliquem a prática com segurança e respaldo científico.
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Srinivasan, Balaji, J. Tafoya, and R. Jain. "High-power "Watt-level" CW operation of diode-pumped 27 �m fiber lasers using efficient cross-relaxation and energy transfer mechanisms." Optics Express 4, no. 12 (June 7, 1999): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.4.000490.
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Fujikata, Junichi, Masataka Noguchi, Riku Katamawari, Kyosuke Inaba, Hideki Ono, Daisuke Shimura, Yosuke Onawa, Hiroki Yaegashi, and Yasuhiko Ishikawa. "High-performance Ge/Si electro-absorption optical modulator up to 85°C and its highly efficient photodetector operation." Optics Express 31, no. 6 (March 9, 2023): 10732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.484380.
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We studied a high-speed Ge/Si electro-absorption optical modulator (EAM) evanescently coupled with a Si waveguide of a lateral p–n junction for a high-bandwidth optical interconnect over a wide range of temperatures from 25 °C to 85 °C. We demonstrated 56 Gbps high-speed operation at temperatures up to 85 °C. From the photoluminescence spectra, we confirmed that the bandgap energy dependence on temperature is relatively small, which is consistent with the shift in the operation wavelengths with increasing temperature for a Ge/Si EAM. We also demonstrated that the same device operates as a high-speed and high-efficiency Ge photodetector with the Franz-Keldysh (F-K) and avalanche-multiplication effects. These results demonstrate that the Ge/Si stacked structure is promising for both high-performance optical modulators and photodetectors integrated on Si platforms.
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Trindade, Janaína Kiara Miranda, Ívina Thayna Miranda Trindade, Maxwell Adriano Abegg, Geone Maia Corrêa, and Dominique Fernandes de Moura do Carmo. "Perfil químico e atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de variedades de Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae)." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 10 (August 8, 2021): e211101018794. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.18794.
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O gênero Psidium é pertencente à família Myrtaceae e compreende importantes espécies botânicas, destacando-se a goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.). O óleo essencial (OE) desta espécie já conduziu diversos trabalhos científicos devido a sua composição química e propriedades farmacológicas, destacando-se a sua ação antifúngica e atividades antimicrobianas. Neste trabalho, duas variedades de Psidium, Psidium guajava var. pomifera (Paluma) e Psidium guajava var. pyrifera (Kumagai), foram coletadas em diferentes localidades do município de Itacoatiara – AM, o OE das folhas foram avaliadas quanto à composição química e atividade antimicrobiana. A extração do óleo essencial foi realizada por hidrodestilação em aparelho do tipo Clevenger durante 4 horas, as análises quantitativas e qualitativas foram executadas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa. As atividades antimicrobianas foram avaliadas utilizando o teste in vitro sobre a inibição do crescimento bacteriano de Escherichia coli (Migula 1895) Castellani e Chalmers 1919, Salmonella sp e Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach 1884 e do crescimento micelial dos fitopatógenos Candida albicans (C.P. Robin) Berkhout 1923 e Candida parapsilosis (Ashford) Langeron & Talice 1932. A composição química revelou a presença dos monoterpenos: D_limoneno, α-pineno, 1,8 – cineol, e dos sequiterpenos: trans-nerolidol, trans-cariofileno, óxido de cariofileno e α-Humuleno como constituintes majoritários nas amostras avaliadas. Em relação aos testes biológicos realizados foi possível observar atividade antimicrobiana em todas as cepas estudadas. Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que óleos essenciais destas variedades de P. guajava apresentam atividades promissoras e podem ser consideradas como nova fonte de compostos bioativos antimicrobianos.
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Santos, Bruna dos, Fabíola Medeiros da Costa, Fauze Ahmad Aouada, and Marcia Regina de Moura Aouada. "Caracterizações de filmes sustentáveis para uso como embalagens primárias a base de polímero natural e óleo essencial de erva-doce." Research, Society and Development 12, no. 3 (March 6, 2023): e16712340249. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i3.40249.
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Diante da crescente preocupação com os impactos ambientais relacionados ao uso de polímeros sintéticos, estudos visando à obtenção e aplicação de materiais poliméricos de fontes renováveis vêm aumentando, como por exemplo, o desenvolvimento de filmes comestíveis à base de polímeros naturais. Com isso, este trabalho teve como objetivo produzir filmes comestível e biodegradável por meio de uma matriz de polissacarídeos (goma arábica, carboximetilcelulose e alginato de sódio) com adição de óleo essencial (OE) de erva doce para possível utilização em embalagens primária de mistura de bolo de caixinha. Os filmes obtidos foram avaliados quanto a análise de espessura, permeabilidade ao vapor de água (WVP), solubilidade e propriedades mecânicas. As espessuras dos filmes foram diferentes, pois as condições de preparo nem sempre são as mesmas. Os valores de WVP aumentaram significativamente, em média 150 %, em relação aos filmes de controle com a incorporação de emulsão de OE e principalmente a goma arábica (GA). Com a adição de GA nos filmes de AS e CMC, diminuiu a tensão máxima e a elongação, pois uma quantidade menor de energia foi requerida para a ruptura do filme quando este sofreu um estresse mecânico. A solubilização dos filmes, em condições próximas ao preparo de um bolo na batedeira, mostrou-se eficiente. Com o desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa, foi possível atingir o objetivo inicial de obter uma solução filmogênica satisfatória e a formação de uma embalagem comestível contendo polissacarídeos e emulsão de óleo essencial de erva-doce.
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Sousa, Jordanna di Paula dos Santos, Rafael Sousa Feitosa, Beatriz Santiago de Matos Monteiro Lira, Maria das Graças Freire de Medeiros, and André Luis Menezes Carvalho. "Óleos vegetais como promotores de permeação cutânea em formulações tópicas e transdérmicas de anti-inflamatórios: uma revisão integrativa." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 12 (September 30, 2021): e541101220308. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20308.
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Esta revisão integrativa da literatura objetiva identificar quais óleos vegetais são utilizados como promotores de permeação cutânea em formulações tópicas e transdérmicas de anti-inflamatórios. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Medline, Science Direct e BVS, constituindo dezenove estudos. Os óleos vegetais citados nos estudos foram do tipo óleos fixos (OF) e essenciais (OE) dentre eles o ácido oleico, óleo de palmiste, óleo de palma, óleo de eucalipto, óleo de cravo, óleo de chuanxiong, óleo D-limoneno, óleo de oliva, óleo de soja, óleo de canela, óleo de pinho, óleo de rícino, óleo de angélica, óleo de camélia, óleo de cyperu, óleo essencial de Zanthoxylum bungeanum, óleo essencial de manjericão, óleo essencial de alecrim. Com os resultados obtidos, evidenciou-se uma faixa de concentração entre 0,1% a 10% para os testes de permeação cutânea de promotores químicos e ainda uma gama de fatores que interferiram no percentual de permeação. OE podem modificar as propriedades do solvente e consequentemente sua ação no estrato córneo, alterando significantemente a partição e difusão de molécula do tecido cutâneo. Formulações convencionais em gel e formulações transdérmicas de microemulsão e nanoemulsão foram as que apresentaram alta taxa de permeação cutânea atingindo até 99,85% em relação a alguns produtos já presentes no mercado, como géis de diclofenaco, nimesulida e piroxicam. Nessa perspectiva a partir das pesquisas e informações sobre os constituintes e comportamento que os óleos vegetais possuem, os dados dos artigos fornecem informações importantes que mostram o impacto promissor na permeabilidade dos ativos e consequente aumento do efeito terapêutico.
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Santos, Antônia Laíres da Silva, Felipe Pereira da Silva Santos, Alyandra de Sousa Nascimento, Layana Karine Farias Lima, Lucas Mendes Feitosa Dias, Geovanna Trajano Oliveira da Silva, Mahendra Rai, and Chistiane Mendes Feitosa. "Composição química, atividade larvicida, inseticida e repelente e larvicida de óleos essenciais frente ao Aedes aegypti." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): e37611225711. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25711.
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A dengue transmitida pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti é controlada por larvicida, inseticida e repelente. Os óleos essenciais à base de plantas são usados como excelentes repelentes. Portanto, a presente revisão é essencial para o entendimento da eficácia dos óleos essenciais contra os mosquitos. Os artigos relacionados a óleos essenciais foram pesquisados de 2014 a 2022 no Pubmed, Science Direct, LILACS, Scielo e Google Scholar usando as seguintes palavras-chave: óleo essencial, Aedes aegypti e repelentes. Um total de 280 plantas foram extraídas para EOs de 33 famílias. A maioria das plantas pertence a Lamiaceae (45,4%), seguida por Myrtaceae (38,3%) e Rutaceae (28,4%). Os metabólitos em OE com atividade repelente / larvicida máxima incluem β-cariofileno, α-pineno, 1,8-cineol, linalol e eugenol, as concentrações letais variaram de 40 a 120 ppm. Esses resultados apóiam a visão de que os óleos essenciais são promissores na formulação de repelentes, larvicidas, inseticidas e pesticidas.
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Wandahl, Soren, Christina T. Pérez, Stephanie Salling, Hasse H. Neve, Jon Lerche, and Steffen Petersen. "The Impact of Construction Labour Productivity on the Renovation Wave." Construction Economics and Building 21, no. 3 (August 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v21i3.7688.
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The European Green Deal's Renovation Wave aims to renovate 35 million energy-inefficient buildings to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by at least 55% by 2030. Historically, efforts to reduce CO2 emissions focused on Operational Energy (OE) of the finished buildings. However, in recent years the Embodied Energy (EE) of the building’s construction process has gained attention because of its essential role in construction renovations projects. In this context, construction efficiency, and more precisely, workers’ efficiency, is a vital catalyst to achieve the European Union (EU) targets. To identify the impact of Construction Labour Productivity (CLP) on the renovation wave an exploratory case study was adopted as a research strategy. Data from four domestic housing renovation projects were gathered. Three specific research goals are outlined. The first is to demonstrate the effect of the adoption of Lean tools and methods to increase CLP. The second is to quantify the correlation between improved productivity and the EE emissions saved during the construction phase. The third goal is to estimate the effect the higher productivity has on OE emissions. The results show that the adoption of several Lean tools and methods has a potential to improve CLP to 45%. This rate of improvement for the 35 million housing units to be renovated could save 6.9 million tonnes CO2e from EE and 386 million tonnes CO2e from OE. This novelty link between process improvements and reduced energy consumption and emissions can support politicians and infrastructural developers in decision-making for a more sustainable construction industry.