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Journal articles on the topic 'Operating properties'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Desbarats, Robert P., and Donald G. MacDiarmid. "Independent Operations: Article X of the CAPL Operating Procedure." Alberta Law Review 34, no. 3 (May 1, 1996): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr658.

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This article discusses independent oil and gas operations on jointly held properties, and in particular considers the application of Article X of the Operating Procedures of the Canadian Association of Petroleum Landmen. It explores the rights and obligations of both the party proposing the independent operation and the non-participating party. Recent judicial consideration of some aspects of the operating procedures is discussed. The article suggests some specific changes parties may wish to incorporate when adapting the operating procedure to their circumstances.

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2

Cabezon, Francisco A., Allan P. Schinckel, Carol S. Stwalley, and Robert M. Stwalley III. "Heat Transfer Properties of Hog Cooling Pad." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 5 (2018): 1693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12351.

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Abstract. Thermal stress on sows in modern farrowing operations has become a significant issue for the commercial pork industry. Purdue University researchers have developed a simple conductive hog cooling pad that has the potential to effectively alleviate a significant portion of that heat stress. The heat transfer properties of the cooling pad are crucial to the characterization of the pad and the success of the pad in the field. This article presents data collected showing the thermal profile of the cooling pad, the energy transfer of the pad in operation, and the effectiveness of the pad as a function of the amount of coolant used to affect heat transfer from a simulated animal to the coolant. A variety of operating conditions and coolant flows were investigated, and those results are detailed in this article. Intermittent coolant flow over modest time intervals appeared to provide the best results with the cooling pad under the investigated operating conditions. Keywords: Conduction, Convection, Cooling, Cooling systems, Farrowing, Heat transfer, Swine, Thermal stress.

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3

Abashidze, G. S., Fernand D. S. Marquis, and N. M. Chikhradze. "Basalt Reinforced Plastics: Some Operating Properties." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.671.

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Results of the investigation of composite materials of new type, based on basalt fiber and polyester resin, are presented, in particular, a long-term resistance of the material in corrosive media: in caustic soda as well as in sulphuric and nitric acids of 1% concentration has been estimated. The service life of given composite is recommended in above-mentioned media.

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4

Wijmans, J. G. "Process performance = membrane properties + operating conditions." Journal of Membrane Science 220, no. 1-2 (August 2003): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(03)00221-7.

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5

Qobulov, Maxammadjon. "ANALYSIS OF THE BRAKING PROPERTIES OF THE MAN CLA 16.220 FOR SEVERE OPERATING CONDITIONS." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 03 (March 1, 2022): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-03-10.

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The braking feature is provided by the operation of the brakes. According to current state standards, cars are equipped with three mandatory braking systems (working, stopping and spare). Vehicles weighing more than 12 tons or intended for use in mountainous areas must also be equipped with an auxiliary brake system.

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6

Filimonov, V. N., S. N. Tsepov, Yu D. Yashin, K. A. Lanskaya, and L. A. Ivanova. "Production and operating properties of steel 65Kh6M3F3BS." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 30, no. 5 (May 1988): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00701050.

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Borshchevskii, S. B., A. S. Medzhibovskii, I. S. Levitina, V. L. Ivankovskii, O. V. Rozhdestvina, and A. I. Gushchin. "Operating properties of A-22 dithiophosphate additive." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 36, no. 4 (July 2000): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02742838.

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8

Isagulov, A. Z., V. Yu Kulikov, S. S. Kvon, A. M. Dostaeva, and E. P. Shcherbakova. "Effect of Refractory Structure on Operating Properties." Refractories and Industrial Ceramics 59, no. 6 (March 2019): 606–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11148-019-00281-6.

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9

Głuchowski, W., Z. Rdzawski, J. Sobota, and J. Domagała-Dubiel. "Effect of the Combined Heat Treatment and Severe Plastc Deformation on the Microstructure of Cunisi Alloy." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 1207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0200.

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Abstract The aim of this work was to study the microstructure and functional properties of CuNi2Si1 alloy. The material was prepared classically by melting, casting, hot rolling and cold rolling. The obtained strips were processed with combined operations of supersaturation, ageing and one of the intensive deformation method - repetitive corrugation and straightening. The efficiency of RCS operation in shaping of functional properties in precipitation hardened copper alloys depends not only on tool geometry and operating parameters but also on whether and at what stage of strip production the supersaturation operation was applied. Application of the supersaturation before RCS operation broadens the potential to shape the set of functional properties. Comparable functional properties of the precipitation hardened copper alloy strips can be reached without application of the supersaturation operation in their manufacturing processes. The process of RCS applied after annealing, and the potentially slightly lower mechanical properties would be compensated by higher electrical conductivity.

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Robinson, Spenser, and A. J. Singh. "The Impact of Green Labels on U.S. Hotel Net Operating Income: Operating Statements Analyses." Journal of Sustainable Real Estate 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 156–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22300/1949-8276.11.1.156.

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This paper shows Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified hospitality properties exhibit increased expenses and earn lower net operating income (NOI) than non-certified buildings. ENERGY STAR certified properties demonstrate lower overall expenses than non-certified buildings with statistically neutral NOI effects. Using a custom sample of all green buildings and their competitive data set as of 2013 provided by Smith Travel Research (STR), the paper documents potential reasons for this result including increased operational expenses, potential confusion with certified and registered LEED projects in the data, and qualitative input. The qualitative input comes from a small sample survey of five industry professionals. The paper provides one of the only analyses on operating efficiencies with LEED and ENERGY STAR hospitality properties.

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Chomiak, Monika, Maciej Rojek, Józef Stabik, and Małgorzata Szymiczek. "Prediction of Strength Properties of Filling Packets in Selected Cooling Towers." Polymers 13, no. 21 (November 6, 2021): 3840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213840.

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The operating conditions of thermoplastic polymer materials determine the changes in their functional properties. Accelerated aging tests do not give a full picture of the changes taking place in the polymer material, hence the conclusions drawn on the basis of exposure of these materials to damaging effects in real operating conditions are particularly important. The aim of the study was to determine the degree of degradation of polypropylene films used in the drainage blocks of cooling towers in a selected power plant in the Silesian voivodship, which allowed forecasting the operating time over a period of 10 years. A number of 600 mm high drip blocks were tested, on which 300 mm high blocks were mounted. The tests were carried out on films subjected to the aging process in the conditions of continuous operation of a cooling tower (almost 100% humidity). The water flow is accompanied by heat exchange, the side effect of which is deposits formation on the surface of the drip blocks, negatively affecting the operation of the cooling tower. The degree of degradation resulting from operational aging was assessed on the basis of the strength properties determined in the static tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis and FTIR spectra. Changes in properties during operation were determined on the basis of the obtained results of the strength tests, which were compared with the tensile strength and elongation at break of reference samples (not subjected to aging in the operating conditions of cooling tower drip blocks). The obtained results were related to the properties of the reference samples not subjected to the degradation process. Based on the collected data, the tensile strength and deformation at fracture after a 10-year service life were predicted.

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Yakushev, Alexey Vyacheslavovich. "Theory on degradation of mechanical properties of 20L cast steel." Transport of the Urals, no. 1 (2022): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2022-1-8-14.

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The paper considers negative changes of mechanical properties and cyclic fracture toughness of 20L class steel that is used for cast solebars and bolsters of bogies for freight cars and also for petrochemical equipment for 25–41 years of operation. The main reason of embrittlement of steel is a high content of manganese and silicon as a result of long-term cyclic operating time. The paper presents an experimental kinetic curve of change of cyclic fracture toughness depending on life of a bogie bolster of a freight car. The paper also shows model curves of degradation of an elasticity coefficient and fracture deformation depending on relative operating time in cycles. On the basis of established effects the author has formulated an integrated theory on degradation of mechanical properties of 20L cast steel after the cyclic operating time for two chapters of mechanics — mechanics for rigid body and fracture mechanics. The reliability of the theory is confirmed by experimental tests.

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Bogdanov, R. M., and S. V. Lukin. "Modeling of main oil pipelines operating duties." Proceedings of the Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics 8, no. 1 (2011): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21662/uim2011.1.020.

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The complexity of the tasks of diagnosing and modeling the main oil pipelines operating modes is a large number of possible operating modes that depend on many parameters, such as: the physical and chemical properties of oil, the scheme of operation, the status and quantity of running pumping and power equipment. The authors developed program complex that allow solving the problem of determining the optimal operating duties for main oil pipelines.

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14

Yan, Shao Ze, Fu Xing Zhang, and Shi Zhu Wen. "Electro-Mechanical Coupling Performances of a Piezoelectric Bimorph." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.327.

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The influence of electro-mechanical operation conditions on the actuation capabilities of the piezoelectric bimorph is investigated in this paper. The objective is to compare the performance of the piezoelectric bimorph in different operation conditions and to determine the optimum operating conditions. An experimental set-up is built, and a series of experiments are presented to investigate the static and dynamic characteristics of the bimorph, including tip displacements of the bimorph under different preloads, dynamic response at different drive frequencies, step response and creep. Some properties such as displacement output, force output and hysteresis of the piezoelectric bimorph under different operating conditions are evaluated. Experimental results indicate strong dependence of both elastic and piezoelectric properties of the bimorph on the operating conditions.

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15

Ponomarev, A. P., L. G. Kolyada, and E. V. Tarasyuk. "Study of operating properties of aanticorrosion packing papers." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 10 (October 18, 2020): 1021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-10-1021-1027.

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Metal products are subjected to atmospheric corrosion during transportation and storing. An important way to prevent this negative phenomenon is application of special packing materials, in particular materials, containing volatile inhibitors of corrosion, which protect metal against various corrosion agents. To protect metal effectively it is necessary to provide a definite level of operating characteristics of packing materials. The purpose of the work was the study of operating properties of inhibited crepe, inhibited and laminated polyethylene film, inhibited crepe and reinforced by polypropylene web papers, manufactured by OJSC “PP TechnoKhim”, Magnitogorsk, used for packing of metals. Structural and dimensional, sorption, deformation and strength characteristics, of the studied anticorrosion papers are presented, the characteristics being calculated based on the results of measurements. To determine their physical-mechanical and anticorrosion properties, standard methods and methodologies were used. To evaluate impact of moisture and transportation conditions, indices of water adsorption and wear of the studied papers were determined. Inhibitor content in these materials was determined by thermogravimetric analysis method. Their protective ability was studied on samples of low carbon steel strip. For accelerated corrosion tests the strip samples were degreased by alcohol, dried in air and packed in the studied anticorrosion papers, after that they were exposed under increased temperatures and moisture conditions. It was determined, that among the materials under the study, the inhibited crepe paper, reinforced by polypropylene web, hhas the best complex of physical-mechanical and anticorrosion properties. It provides a higher level of prevention corrosion of metal l and surpasses other materials in a number of deformation and strength characteristics. Recommendations were proposed to improve qquality of produced anticorrosion papers.

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16

Taniguchi, Noboru. "Operating Properties of SOFCs Using BaCe0.8Gd0.2O3−a Electrolyte." ECS Proceedings Volumes 1995-1, no. 1 (January 1995): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/199501.0363pv.

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17

Fernandes, Regiane Victória de Barros, Diego Alvarenga Botrel, Eric Keven Silva, Cristina Guimarães Pereira, Eloá Lourenço do Carmo, Anelise Lima de Abreu Dessimoni, and Soraia Vilela Borges. "Microencapsulated ginger oil properties: Influence of operating parameters." Drying Technology 35, no. 9 (October 4, 2016): 1098–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2016.1231690.

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18

Khutko, M. V., O. A. Gordiienko, T. I. Sydoruk, and А. P. Ranskyi. "Cooling Liquids with Improved Ecological and Operating Properties." Visnyk of Vinnytsia Politechnical Institute 156, no. 3 (2021): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/1997-9266-2021-156-3-32-40.

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19

Babachenko, О. І., H. А. Коnonenko, R. V. Podolskyi, and O. А. Safronova. "Steel for Railroad Rails with Improved Operating Properties." Materials Science 56, no. 6 (May 2021): 814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11003-021-00499-1.

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20

Rozelle, Peter L., Sarma V. Pisupati, and Alan W. Scaroni. "Prediction of Sorbent Performance in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Based on Petrographic Properties." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 129, no. 2 (August 8, 2006): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2431388.

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A method for prediction of sorbent consumption is presented here and has been developed based on plant operating data for a boiler in which several limestone and dolostone products were tested under similar firing conditions. The method considers the characteristic partitioning of calcium and sulfur between the flyash and bottom ash stream for the boiler, the feed particle size distribution of the sorbent, and petrographic properties of the sorbents. The predictions of sorbent usage were compared to plant operating data for five sorbents, of two distinct petrographic types. The plant operating data used featured full load operation. The five sorbents tested were all from Pennsylvania, and each contained greater than 40wt.% CaO. In four of the five cases, the predicted sorbent usage was within 10wt.% of the average full load sorbent usage by the boiler.

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21

Kováts, Antal, and Tamás F. Móri. "Ageing properties of certain dependent geometric sums." Journal of Applied Probability 29, no. 3 (September 1992): 655–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214902.

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We study some distribution properties of a random sum of i.i.d. non-negative random variables, where the number of terms is geometrically distributed and not independent of the summands. The results are applied to the system failure time of a one-unit system with a single spare and repair facility. In such a system when the operating unit fails it is immediately replaced by the spare and sent to the repair facility. The system continues operating until the first time when the failed unit has not yet been repaired by the failure of the operating unit. Certain ageing properties such as NBU, NWU, NBUE, NWUE, HNBUE, HNWUE, L+ and L– are shown to be inheritable from the working time of the operating unit to the system lifetime.

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Kováts, Antal, and Tamás F. Móri. "Ageing properties of certain dependent geometric sums." Journal of Applied Probability 29, no. 03 (September 1992): 655–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200043473.

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We study some distribution properties of a random sum of i.i.d. non-negative random variables, where the number of terms is geometrically distributed and not independent of the summands. The results are applied to the system failure time of a one-unit system with a single spare and repair facility. In such a system when the operating unit fails it is immediately replaced by the spare and sent to the repair facility. The system continues operating until the first time when the failed unit has not yet been repaired by the failure of the operating unit. Certain ageing properties such as NBU, NWU, NBUE, NWUE, HNBUE, HNWUE, L+ and L– are shown to be inheritable from the working time of the operating unit to the system lifetime.

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23

Hainley, D. C., M. Z. Haji-Sulaiman, S. Yavuzkurt, and A. W. Scaroni. "Operating Experience With a Fluidized Bed Test Combustor." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 109, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231325.

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This paper presents operating experience with a fluidized bed combustor burning various coals. The primary focus is on the effect of relevant coal properties on combustor performance. Tests were carried out using anthracite, HVB and HVC bituminous and sub-bituminous A coals, and petroleum coke. Comparisons of the performance of the combustion on the various fuels are made. A two-stage fluidized bed combustor operating in a single-stage mode without recycle was employed. Experimental measurements included temperature, fuel feed rate, fluidization velocity and bed height. For some of the coals, bed agglomeration was found to occur. The results indicate that coal properties have an important effect upon the operation of the fluidized bed combustor.

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24

Nyrkova, L. I., Т. M. Labur, S. O. Osadchuk, М. R. Yavorska, and V. A. Koval. "Influence of heat treatment on the properties of welded joints of V1341 alloy under modeled operating conditions." Paton Welding Journal 2021, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37434/tpwj2021.02.04.

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25

Смоленцев, В., V. Smolentsev, Сергей Сафонов, and Sergey Safonov. "Methods and technologies for surface layer modification in metal products." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24548.

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In the work it is shown that the design of combined technological processes ensuring the maximum possible operating characteristics of products assessed in a criterion way is possible. The science-based methods of choice and use of technologies created earlier, methods for the development of promising coating types, means for the modification of a surface layer and thickness changes of coatings with operating characteristics required are shown. The possibilities are considered for the creation of new methods realizing operating indices the fulfillment of which is impossible at common technologies. The well-known researches have shown that at the operation of science intensive products the mechanical characteristics including fatigue material resistance depend to a great extent upon a state and properties of a surface layer that is why there is offered a substantiated choice and design of technological processes for manufacturing products with properties corresponding most completely to operation conditions.

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Chen, Jun, and Yi Feng Jiang. "A Feasibility Study of Wastewater Containing Pb(II) Recovery Using Electrodialysis Reversal." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 2007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2007.

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Lead is a highly toxic heavy metal. The investigation was conducted to remove Pb(II) from storage battery industry wastewater by using electrodialysis (ED) in laboratory. The storage battery industry wastewater has an initial Pb(II) concentration of 8.5 mg/L. The performance of ED is determined by a set of fixed and variable process parameters such as inlet concentration, operating current density, and operating flow rate. Like all the efficient ED operations, the process has to be optimized in terms of overall costs considering cell component designs and properties as well as all operating parameters. Under the conditions of operating current density at 3 A/cm2, liquid flow rate of 300 L/h and circulation time of 5~6, the Pb(II) concentration of storage battery industrial outlet wastewater can be reduced to below 0.01mg/L and the conductivity could be reduced below 10 s/cm. The treated water could be reused in the manufacture of storage battery. A mathematical correlationship of Jlim＝10.379V0.5324C, which described the characteristics of the equipment, was finally obtained. The results showed that Pb(II) wastewater of the storage battery industry could be effective treated by ED and the separation process presented several advantages such as highly selective desalination, high water recovery and the possibility of an intermittent operation. Operation cost of the EDR mini-plant was also estimated in this project. Total operation cost including electricity fee and chemical cost is about $0.102/m3 of treated water.

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27

Mil'cho, M. V., B. P. Yefimov, V. V. Zavertanniy, and V. V. Goncharov. "Peculiar Properties of Operating Modes of Klynotron-Type Oscillators." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 65, no. 8 (2006): 719–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v65.i8.40.

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Bhattacharya, Bhaskar, and Gareth Hughes. "On shape properties of the receiver operating characteristic curve." Statistics & Probability Letters 103 (August 2015): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2015.04.003.

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C-W. Chan, R. K. Wood, and R. G. Holmes. "Powered Harrow Operating Parameters: Effects on Soil Physical Properties." Transactions of the ASAE 36, no. 5 (1993): 1279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28460.

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Srivastava, A. "Switching properties of polysilicon emitter transistor operating in saturation." IEE Proceedings G Circuits, Devices and Systems 138, no. 3 (1991): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-g-2.1991.0061.

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31

Mahmood, Talat. "Benthal Solids Properties Influencing ASB Design and Operating Practices." Journal of Environmental Engineering 136, no. 2 (February 2010): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000143.

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32

Bannister, G. C., A. W. Miles, and P. C. May. "Properties of bone cement prepared under operating theatre conditions." Clinical Materials 4, no. 4 (January 1989): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0267-6605(89)90014-0.

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33

Shapovalova, Yu D., T. I. Romanova, L. A. Efimenko, O. Yu Elagina, and D. E. Vyshemirskii. "Effect of operating conditions on pipe steel fatigue properties." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 48, no. 1-2 (May 2012): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-012-9586-3.

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Erenkov, O. Yu, and M. Yu Sarilov. "Effect of Surface Deformation on Polymer Material Operating Properties." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 50, no. 1-2 (May 2014): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-014-9857-2.

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King, Cecil A., and Elizabeth Bridges. "Comparison of Pressure Relief Properties of Operating Room Surfaces." Perioperative Nursing Clinics 1, no. 3 (September 2006): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpen.2006.05.011.

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Pachurin, G. V., and V. A. Vlasov. "Mechanical Properties of Sheet Structural Steels at Operating Temperatures." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 56, no. 3-4 (July 2014): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11041-014-9735-8.

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Negrilă, R. I., and S. V. Igreţ. "The reliability of automotive subsystems influence on the motor vehicles fuel economy." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1220, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1220/1/012028.

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Abstract The reliability theory consistently regards all phases of vehicle construction and operation. The properties determining the vehicle reliability, which are also called potential objectives, are precisely formulated from early design and manufacturing phases and accomplished in the production process. The analysis of reliability from the perspective of potential properties allows us to identify certain categories of potential properties. One refers to potential properties that depend on the deterioration of operating functions. In this category, we can find the resistance to breakage and deformation, stability of operating processes, stability of the physical-mechanical properties of the construction materials and of the working environment. Secondly, the potential properties required to accomplish the required level of production and reduce the manufacturing costs, such as manufacturing technology, the corresponding volume of production, simplicity of manufacture and failure-free manufacturing. Thirdly, there are potential properties needed to maintain the reliability at a high level during service, such as developing the quality of diagnoses, technical maintenance, reducing all types of costs and increasing productivity. Here we find the technology of the diagnosis and the totality of the external expenses and the adaptability to the automation of diagnosing tools. Operating reliability is the result of the full accomplishing of the potential reliability of components. The reliability of automotives treated as a subsystem can successfully be evaluated by defining certain operating indicators and characteristics, the economic characteristic being of great interest and importance.

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Lu, Xiaofeng, and Ryo S. Amano. "The Combusting Properties of Anthracite in a 410 t/h CFB Boiler." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 126, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1735781.

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According to the results of an optimized operation test carried out on a 410 t/h CFB boiler, the measured combusting properties of anthracite in the large CFB boiler are provided in this paper. These properties include: operating and designing parameters affected on the carbon content in fly ash, distribution of oxygen in the furnace, distribution of temperature in the furnace, distribution of bed pressure, and operation under low load. Some methods used to improve the CFB boiler operation are discussed in the paper.

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Yang, Yu Ping. "Application on Pulse Energy Saving Power Supply in Electrical Precipitator Power Control System of Energy." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2411.

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Pulse power supply fully utilize the inductance and capacitance storage properties, maximize operating voltage, reduce the operating current. Used in electric precipitator power control system, in maintaining or slightly increased efficiency premise, avoid electrostatic precipitator operation process of the vulnerable emerging phenomenon, but also will corona to heat and light forms of energy consume, so as to realize the saved greatly.

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Jha, R. K., P. K. Prabhakar, P. P. Srivastav, and V. V. Rao. "Influence of temperature on vacuum drying characteristics, functional properties and micro structure of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel." Research in Agricultural Engineering 61, No. 4 (June 2, 2016): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/13/2014-rae.

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Aloe vera possesses therapeutic, antioxidant and some other functional properties. These properties may be affected by processing operations. The present study investigated the influence of operating temperature on vacuum drying characteristics, functional properties and the inner solid structure of the fresh aloe vera gel. The gel was dried at a constant pressure of 720 mm Hg in the drying chamber at varying temperature of 30–60°C. The experimental data of moisture ratio of Aloe vera were used to fit different models and the effective moisture diffusion coefficients and activation energy were also calculated. The Page model was found to be the best fit to experimental data. The functional properties like water retention capacity, fat absorption capacity, and swelling of the dried product were studied and found to be decreased with increasing operating temperature. The damage to the inner solid structure was more pronounced at higher temperatures because of faster mass transfer through the pores of the solid. The best quality product was obtained when the temperature was maintained at 30°C.

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Carswell, Andrew. "An analysis of operating expense control within US multifamily properties." Property Management 35, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-10-2015-0053.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect that ownership and management structures have on ability to control operating expenses. For individual investors, intensity of management experience is also explored as a possible explanatory variable for operating expenses. For property management services that are contracted out, the level of the fee is investigated as a possible cause for movements in operating expenses as well. Finally, operating expenses are used as a possible explanatory variable for a property’s lease-up performance during the year. Design/methodology/approach The analysis consists of a series of regression models performed on data provided by the 2012 Rental Housing Finance Survey (RHFS) in the USA. The RHFS is a unique data set that covers a wide degree of information on multifamily properties. The RHFS represents 2,260 properties in total, and covers various aspects of the apartment industry, including financing and operational cost measures. Control variables used as independent variables include number of units, year of property acquisition, and age of building. Findings Individual ownership and self-management proved to be statistically significant drivers in driving down log operating expenses. Hours spent by individuals performing property management roles on their own properties had a slightly positive association with operating expenses. For professional managers, the fees devoted solely to the manager or management company had a highly significant and positive effect on other operating costs. Finally, when separating out the individual components of operating expenses, only two variables had significant effects on tenant lease-ups: management expenses (positive) and security expenses (negative). Research limitations/implications The data set is potentially biased toward those properties with less than 100 units, and thus it would be problematic to assume that these findings are generalizable to the population at large. There are also no geographic coding indicators within the RHFS data set, which eliminates the potential to control for various market factors and rural/urban differences. Practical implications The research provides an understanding of some of the basic factors behind increases in operating expenses, which ultimately has implications for performance benchmarks such as net operating income and property market value. Social implications The reasonable controlling of operating expenses ultimately has potentially positive implications for low- to moderate-income populations, who would ultimately experience lower rents as a result. Originality/value This research represents one of the first known uses of the RHFS database.

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Bobojonov, Yunus, Bayram Seytmuratov, A. N. Sultanov, Bayram Fayzullaev, and Husanov Shahobiddin Hayrullo oglu. "Calculated studies of the vibrational properties of the mode parameter of the electric power system containing asynchronous turbogenerators by their frequency characteristics." E3S Web of Conferences 289 (2021): 07025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128907025.

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The article presents the results of a study of the oscillatory properties of the operating parameter of electric power systems during joint operation of synchronous and asynchronous turbine generators at the station and the influence of the proportional ratios of their powers on the oscillatory properties based on their amplitudefrequency characteristics.

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Lee, Jae Chun, Hyuk Chon Kwon, Young Pil Kwon, Ju Hyeon Lee, and Sung Park. "Sealing Properties of Ceramic Fiber Composites for SOFC Application." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.803.

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For the sealing of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), mid-term (~1,000 h) sealing performance was examined using composite seals prepared with mixtures of a glass and alumino-silicate ceramic fiber. Leak rate could be reduced to < ~0.04 sccm/cm when using a composite seal with 60 vol% glass. Viscosity of the glass at the seal operating temperature of 650 was 2.0×108 dPa·s (log η = 8.3) as estimated by beam-bending method, and found to be suitable for sealing operation.

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Gani, Fathurrahmah Abd, Dasa Ismaimuza, and Sudarman Sudarman. "PROFIL PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA DITINJAU DARI TINGKAT KEMAMPUAN MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI FUNGSI KOMPOSISI." Aksioma 9, no. 2 (September 25, 2020): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/aksioma.v9i2.520.

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Abstract: The aim of this research was to describe the profile of understanding the concept of class X MIA students based on the level of mathematical ability. The research was conducted at MA Alkhairaat Palu using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study show that the understanding of the concept of ST in classifying the function of composition is that there is a function and operation of composition. Identify the characteristics of operations or concepts students use associative, distributive, composition operations and algebraic. Applying the concept students explain the properties and operations. Giving examples and not the composition function of the students explains the example, that there is an operation of composition and not there is no operation of the composition. Presenting the problem students presents in the form of mathematical models. Understanding the SS concept in classifying composition functions, namely a combination of functions associated with composition operations. Identify the characteristics of operations or concepts, namely the nature of distributive, operating composition and calculating algebra. Applying the concept students explain the properties and operations. Give an example and not an example of a composition function is an example is that there is a composition operation and not that there is no composition operation. Presenting problems in the form of mathematical models. Understanding the concept of SR in classifying the function of composition, namely there is a composition operation. Give an example and not an example of a composition function, is an example there is a composition operation and not an example, that is, there is no composition operation.

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Mironov, Aleksey, Pavel Doronkin, Aleksander Priklonsky, and Igor Kabashkin. "Condition Monitoring Of Operating Pipelines With Operational Modal Analysis Application." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 305–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ttj-2015-0028.

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Abstract In the petroleum, natural gas and petrochemical industries, great attention is being paid to safety, reliability and maintainability of equipment. There are a number of technologies to monitor, control, and maintain gas, oil, water, and sewer pipelines. The paper focuses on operational modal analysis (OMA) application for condition monitoring of operating pipelines. Special focus is on the topicality of OMA for definition of the dynamic features of the pipeline (frequencies and mode shapes) in operation. The research was conducted using two operating laboratory models imitated a part of the operating pipeline. The results of finite-element modeling, identification of pipe natural modes and its modification under the influence of virtual failure are discussed. The work considers the results of experimental research of dynamic behavior of the operating pipe models using one of OMA techniques and comparing dynamic properties with the modeled data. The study results demonstrate sensitivity of modal shape parameters to modification of operating pipeline technical state. Two strategies of pipeline repair – with continuously condition-based monitoring with proposed technology and without such monitoring, was discussed. Markov chain reliability models for each strategy were analyzed and reliability improvement factor for proposed technology of monitoring in compare with traditional one was evaluated. It is resumed about ability of operating pipeline condition monitoring by measuring dynamic deformations of the operating pipe and OMA techniques application for dynamic properties extraction.

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Alitouche, Karim, Hocine Menana, Jihane Khalfi, Noureddine Takorabet, and Rachid Saou. "Operating at High TemperaturesContribution to the Magneto-Thermal Modeling of SRM Operating at High Temperatures." European Journal of Electrical Engineering 23, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ejee.230208.

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In this paper, we present a simplified magneto-thermal modeling strategy for switched reluctance electrical machines (SRM) operating at high temperatures. In addition to the magnetic non-linearity, the variations of the electromagnetic and thermal properties of materials with the temperature are taken also into account. The rapidity of the proposed approach makes it compatible with a CAD approach.

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Li, Jintian, Yunzhe Ji, Bo Wang, and Ling Xie. "Modeling study of ground source heat pump system based on the dynamic load of underground engineering." E3S Web of Conferences 182 (2020): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018203004.

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The load properties of underground engineering have an important influence on operating characteristics of ground source heat pump system. It has important reference value for design and operation management that Simulation analyzing operating conditions of ground source heat pump system under dynamic load conditions. It took an underground engineering as an example for dynamic load calculation in the paper, and simulated operating characteristics of ground source heat pump system under three operating conditions. The calculation results show that the engineering maintenance and management period is conducive to the recovery of soil temperature, and it improves the COP value of the unit. Some measures should be taken to restore soil temperature for long-term continuous operation of underground engineering. The use of heat recovery to make domestic hot water can relieve the problem of soil thermal imbalance to some extent. It is beneficial to improve heat pump unit performance.

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Laber, Stanisław, and Alicja Laber. "Modifying Operating Conditions of the Friction Pair with an Additive Added to the Lubricant while Operating." Solid State Phenomena 220-221 (January 2015): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.220-221.230.

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This paper presents the results of research into the effect of the use of an additive to the lubricating oil SAE 15W/40 on the lubricating properties (standardised tests), i.e. the weld point Pz, last non-seizure load Pn, load-wear index Ih, and seizure load Pt. The friction pair consisted of four balls and the tested lubricant. Moreover, the impact of the use of the lubricating oil (non-standardised tests) on tribological properties such as friction force, wear, and the temperature of the friction area for the friction pair C45 steel/210Cr12 steel, was explored. The additive contained copper and lead particles of the size of a few micrometers. The tests helped to determine the effect of the use of the additive to the lubricant on the formation of the operational surface layer. The results were used to build a model of the boundary layer formed as a result of the additive to the lubricating oil.

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LAWRENCE, T. M., M. J. WOODRUFF, A. ALADIN, and T. R. C. DAVIS. "An Assessment of the Tensile Properties and Technical Difficulties of Two- and Four-Strand Flexor Tendon Repairs." Journal of Hand Surgery 30, no. 3 (June 2005): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2005.01.003.

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This study compares the mechanical properties of locking Kessler and four-strand flexor tendon repairs and examines for difficulties related to technical ability. Two trainee surgeons each carried out 10 locking Kessler and 10 four-strand single-cross flexor tendon repairs on an in vitro porcine model. Outcome measures included gap formation and ultimate forces, operative time and repair bulk. Ultimate force was 81% greater for the four-strand repair compared to the Kessler (52 N, SD 5, versus 29 N, SD 6). Operating times were similar between the two techniques (Kessler 10.0 minutes, four strand 10.1 minutes). Rupture force and operating times improved slightly during the study for the Kessler repairs, but in the four strand repairs results remained stable throughout the study. We conclude that the single-cross four-strand repair tolerates superior loads yet is no more technically demanding than the modified Kessler, and can be reliably performed without additional operating time.

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Ustinov, Andrey, Olga Zybina, Anastasia Tomakhova, and Sergey Pavlov. "The enhancement of operating properties of intumescent fire-protective compositions." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 11008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824511008.

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The paper overviews the operational properties of charred layers which are forming as a result of thermolytical synthesis of intumescent coatings, and the ways of enhancing those properties using different additives mixed with initial intumescent composition. Methods including differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, microscale calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the modified intumescent compositions and the properties of charred layers formed from them. Results show that additives tend to change the microstructure of char which undergoes some transformations; it is proven by increase in volume and stability. Also it is shown that melamine-aldehyde resin was detected in the microstructure of char, and it is a step forward in forming a holistic conception of intumescents operating.

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