Academic literature on the topic 'Operability'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Operability.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Operability"
Amaefule, KennethEzenwa, and DahiruIsmail Lawal. "Operability in polytrauma." Archives of International Surgery 5, no. 3 (2015): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2278-9596.167473.
Full textOpitz, I. "ES12.01 Defining Operability." Journal of Thoracic Oncology 16, no. 10 (October 2021): S832—S833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.745.
Full textRiau, Dwi Putranto, Rulinawaty, Dwi Siswahyudi, and Muhtarom. "Strategies for Implementing Building Operability Certificate to Improve Performance of Building Management: A Case Study in Probolinggo City, Indonesia." Scientific World Journal 2024 (January 6, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/8749628.
Full textShimada, Y., K. Suzuki, and H. Sayama. "Computer-aided operability study." Computers & Chemical Engineering 20, no. 6-7 (June 1996): 905–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-1354(95)00187-5.
Full textWiegel, Matijs, Wiebe de Boer, Mark van Koningsveld, Arne van der Hout, and Ad Reniers. "Global Mapping of Seaport Operability Risk Indicators Using Open-Source Metocean Data." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070695.
Full textGhaemi, M. Hossein, and Henryk Olszewski. "Total Ship Operability –Review, Concept and Criteria." Polish Maritime Research 24, s1 (April 25, 2017): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0024.
Full textOsurai, Yoshimasa, Yasuhiro Inuzuka, and Hideichi Ito. "Operability of Car Audio Controls." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 34, no. 9 (October 1990): 618–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129003400908.
Full textSzweda, Jan, Zdenek Poruba, Roman Sikora, and Jiří Podešva. "Computational Analysis of Mechanism Operability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 879–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.879.
Full textKropholler, Hein W., and Andrés R. Guesalaga. "Operability improvement of distillation columns." Chemical Engineering Journal 44, no. 2 (July 1990): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9467(90)80060-p.
Full textHughes, John. "Certificate inter-operability — white paper." Computers & Security 18, no. 3 (January 1999): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4048(99)80067-4.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Operability"
Filla, Reno. "Quantifying Operability of Working Machines." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fluida och mekatroniska system, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70394.
Full textI arbetsmaskiner spelar föraren en avgörande roll för maskinens prestanda. Såväl produktivitet som energieffektivitet beror inte enbart av maskinens egenskaper och arbetsomgivningen, utan beror också av sättet på vilket föraren manövrerar maskinen. För att främja ett bränslesnålt körsätt ska maskinerna upplevas som harmoniska och det är viktigt att beakta detta vid utvecklingen. Det är nödvändigt att kvantifiera maskinharmonin och att ta hänsyn till interaktionen mellan föraren och maskinen i alla steg av ett utvecklingsprojekt. Detta gäller såväl sena faser, när fysiska prototyper redan har tagits fram och utvärderas av professionella provförare, såväl som tidiga faser som konceptutveckling, när endast virtuella prototyper finns tillgängliga. Förarens inflytande beaktas traditionellt inte i prestandasimuleringar i konceptfasen, eftersom detta innebär att mer än enbart det tekniska systemet måste modelleras. I den forskningen som presenteras här visas två olika regelbaserade modeller av hjullastarförare. Båda förarmodellerna använder maskinmodellen på samma sätt som en verklig förare använder en verklig maskin. Det visas att båda förarmodellerna kan anpassa sig till förändringar både i arbetsomgivningen och i maskinens egenskaper. I och med detta kan man utöka dynamiska simuleringar av arbetsmaskiner med ”ett mänskligt element”. Detta ger bättre resultat vad gäller produktivitet, energieffektivitet och liknande egenskaper som föraren påverkar i kompletta maskiner. Medan man i tidiga faser av produktutvecklingsprocessen traditionellt bortser från förarens inflytande, så är man i senare faser mycket beroende av att professionella provförare testar fysiska prototyper. Den här presenterade forskningen visar hur den traditionella subjektiva förarbedömningen av en maskins körbarhet kan kompletteras med ett mått på förarens ”spakarbete”, som beräknas utifrån en mätning på hur föraren använder sina kontroller för att styra maskinen. Detta mått på ”spakarbete” kan också beräknas utifrån de spaksignaler som genereras av förarmodellerna i en simulering. I och med detta kan en maskins körbarhet undersökas redan under konceptutvecklingen. I avhandlingen redovisas också resultaten från en studie som gjorts i syfte att kvantifiera förarens arbetsbelastning genom att mäta psykofysiologiska mått som variationer i hjärtfrekvens och andningsfrekvens. Studien är ett första steg mot att förverkliga en vision av stödfunktioner i arbetsmaskiner vilka anpassar sig efter förarens momentana arbetsbelastning. En sådan metod att mäta förarens arbetsbelastning kan också användas som ett komplement till den traditionella subjektiva förarbedömningen av en maskins körbarhet. Metoden kan inte bara användas vid provning av fysiska prototyper utan också tidigare i produktutvecklingsprocessen vid studier i avancerade körsimulatorer.
IN ARBETSMASCHINEN spielt der Fahrer eine entscheidende Rolle für die Leistung des gesamten Systems. Produktivität und Energieeffizienz sind nicht nur abhängig von den Grundeigenschaften der Maschine und den Bedingungen am Einsatzort, sondern auch von der Art und Weise wie der Fahrer die Maschine manövreriert. Für eine kraftstoffsparende Fahrweise muss der Fahrer die Maschine als harmonisch erleben. Dies muss bei der Entwicklung beachtet werden. Das Erfassen der Fahrbarkeit und die Berücksichtigung des Zusammenspiels zwischen Fahrer und Maschine ist in allen Phasen der Entwicklung notwendig, sowohl in den späteren Phasen, wenn Prototypen von Erprobungsfahrern ausgewertet werden, als auch in den frühen Phasen wie dem Konzeptentwurf, wenn nur virtuelle Prototypen vorhanden sind. Der Fahrereinfluss wird traditionell in den dynamischen Simulationen während des Konzeptentwurfs vernachlässigt, denn er erfordert die Ausweitung der Modellierung über das technische System hinaus. In dieser Dissertation werden zwei Herangehensweisen zur Erstellung regelbasierter Modelle eines Radladerfahrers aufgezeigt. Beide Fahrermodelle interagieren mit dem Maschinenmodell gleich einem menschlichen Fahrer mit einer realen Maschine. Es wird gezeigt, dass beide Fahrermodelle in der Lage sind, sich auf Änderungen des Einsatzortes und der Maschineneigenschaften anzupassen. Somit kann „ein menschliches Element“ in die dynamische Simulation von Arbeitsmaschinen eingeführt werden, was zu qualitativ besseren Resultaten bezüglich Produktivität, Energieeffizienz und ähnlicher fahrerbeeinflusster Eigenschaften führt. Während man in den frühen Phasen der Produktentwicklung traditionell vom Fahrereinfluss absieht, ist man später sehr auf die Erprobung physischer Prototypmaschinen durch professionelle Testfahrer angewiesen. In dieser Dissertation wird aufgezeigt, wie die traditionell subjektive Bewertung der Fahrbarkeit einer Maschine mit einem Maß der „Steuerungsarbeit“ komplettiert werden kann, berechnet aus der gemessenen Betätigung der dem Fahrer zur Verfügung stehenden Bedienelemente. Dieses Maß der „Steuerungsarbeit“ kann auch aus den Signalen der von uns vorgestellten Fahrermodelle in einer Simulation berechnet werden. Damit kann man die Fahrbarkeit bereits in der Konzeptentwicklung abschätzen. Weiterhin werden die Resultate einer Studie zur Quantifizierung der Fahrerbelastung mithilfe psychophysiologischer Daten wie Veränderungen der Herzfrequenz und Atmungsfrequenz vorgestellt. Diese Studie ist ein erster Schritt zur Entwicklung eines Assistenzsystemes, dass sich an die aktuelle Fahrerbelastung anpasst. Eine solche Messmethode der Fahrerbelastung kan auch zusätzlich zur traditionellen subjektiven Fahrbarkeitseinschätzung angewendet werden – nicht nur bei der Erprobung physischer Prototpyen, sondern auch schon frühzeitig bei Studien auf Fahrsimulatoren.
Munro, Stuart. "Scramjet Intakes: Designing for Performance and Operability." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491519.
Full textDavies, Matthew Lloyd. "Exploiting nonlinear kinetics to enhance process operability." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270897.
Full textBECERRA, MELISA YVONE ZAMBRANO. "OPERABILITY LIMITS OF THE CURTAIN COATING PROCESS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15502@1.
Full textO revestimento por cortina é um dos processos preferidos para revestir o substrato de varias camadas de líquido à altas velocidades. Este tipo de processo pertence a classe de método de revestimento de vazão pre-fixada. O processo consiste num líquido de revestimento caindo livremente de uma altura considerável sob ação da gravidade sobre o substrato em movimento a ser revestido. Existem várias aplicações industriais deste processo, como filmes óticos, fitas adesivas e magnéticas, papéis especiais entre muitos outros. As mais importantes vantagens são revestimento à altas velocidades, adaptação a uma grande variedade de líquidos e flexibilidade na aplicação de finas camadas de líquidos em superfícies irregulares. Os limites operacionais do processo são determinados por diferentes instabilidades no escoamento perto da zona de encontro entre o líquido e o substrato como entrada de ar, formação de calcanhar e a cortina sendo puxada pelo substrato, e pela quebra da cortina de líquido. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar teórico e experimentalmente esses limites operacionais, focando nos efeitos dos parâmetros operacionais, aditivos no líquido de revestimento no escoamento que ocorre na zona de encontro entre o líquido e o substrato, e na quebra da cortina. Para descrever o escoamento bidimensional que ocorre no processo de revestimento por cortina, na simulação numérica, foram utilizadas as equações de conservação de massa e de conservação de quantidade de movimento. O sistema de equações diferenciais foi resolvido utilizando o método de Galerkin e o sistema não linear foi resolvido com o método de Newton. Resultados teóricos, na zona de encontro entre líquido e o substrato, mostram a configuração do escoamento para líquidos Newtonianos, incluindo a formação de calcanhar e a cortina puxada pelo substrato como uma função da velocidade do substrato, da altura da cortina e da vazão. Estes resultados foram comparados com os resultados da visualização experimental encontrando assim a janela de operação do processo em função dos parâmetros operacionais. Na zona do escoamento da cortina, a condição crítica na qual cortina de líquido quebra foi determinada como uma função das propriedades reologicas dos líquidos de revestimento. Os resultados mostram que as propriedades viscoelásticas influenciam no balanço de forças no escoamento da cortina. Líquidos com alta viscosidade extensional podem reduzir notavelmente a vazão mínima necessária para formar e manter cortinas estáveis.
Curtain coating is one the preferred methods for precision multi-layer coatings at high speeds. Curtain coating belongs to the class of premetered coating methods. Liquid falls as a sheet, or curtain, freely over a considerable height and under the action of gravity before it impinges onto the substrate being coated. Edge guide are needed to maintain at specific width of the falling curtain. Precision curtain coating was originally developed for multi-layer photographic film but its use has expanded to many different applications such as optical films and specialty papers. Some advantages of this process include very high coating speeds, adaptability to a wide range of liquids and flexibility to apply thin liquid layer to irregular surfaces. The operability limits of the process are set by different flow instabilities in the coating bead, such as air entrainment, low speed heels and curtain pulling, and by curtain breakup. The goal of this research is to analyze these operability limits by theory and experiments. The focus is to determine the effect of operating parameters; edge guides design and polymer additives on the coating solution on the bead configuration and liquid curtain breakup. The conservation mass and momentum equations with the boundary conditions were used to describe the flow. The equations were solved all together by Galerkin’s method with finite element basis functions and non-linear system solved by Newton’s method. Theoretical results show the bead configuration, including heel formation and curtain pulling as a function of web speed, curtain height and flow rate. Theoretical predictions will also be extended to include viscoelastic behavior of the coating liquid. This results was compared with experimental results to obtain the coating windows for fixed parameters. The visualization results show the critical condition at which a viscoelastic liquid curtain breaks was determined as a function of the rheological properties of the coating liquid. The results show that the viscoelastic properties can affect the force balance in the curtain flow. High extensional viscosity liquids can drastically reduce the minimal flow rate to create more stable curtains.
Hattingh, Caleb. "On the operability of heat exchanger networks." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5320.
Full textThe dynamic operability of processes refers to the degree to which plants may be satisfactorily controlled. This report presents a study of the operability of heat exchanger networks (HENs).The integration of heat exchange systems such as HENs typically results in significant steady-state cost savings which is the motivation for their implementation. However, such integration may lead to problems in the dynamic operation of the system if the operability of HENs is not considered. Operability analysis techniques are presented that provide a quantitative measure of the operability of HENs that is related to the minimum integral setpoint error of a closed-loop HEN under a step disturbance. The different operability analysis techniques are specified by ,u sing different controller types which are optimally tuned in an optimization framework. The different controllers include PI (proportionalintegral) control, MPC (model predictive control), optimal linear control (via Qparametrization) and an optimal open-loop control strategy that represents the best possible closed-loop performance.
Seaman, David Richard. "Operability analysis of an industrial communication circuit." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5405.
Full textRamadaan, Safa Y. "Reliability analysis for hazard and operability studies." Thesis, Aston University, 1987. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10215/.
Full textRashid, Muhammad. "Stability and dynamic operability analysis of chemical processes." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensr224.pdf.
Full textYee, Kevin Wing Kan Chemical Sciences & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Operability analysis of a multiple-stage membrane process." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Chemical Sciences & Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41287.
Full textMehdi, Ahad. "Effect of swirl distortion on gas turbine operability." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12129.
Full textBooks on the topic "Operability"
Rebecca, Cox, ed. Communications inter-operability in a crisis. London: Royal United Services Institute, 2006.
Find full textJacobus, Mark J. Equipment operability during station blackout events. Washington, D.C: Division of Reactor and Plant Systems, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1987.
Find full textGeneral Electric Company. Industrial Automation Systems Dept. and Applied Science Associates. Industrial Division., eds. Reliability, operability, and maintainability specification handbook. Butler, Pa: Applied Science Associates, Industrial Division, 1986.
Find full textGraham, Ross. Specification for ship operability program SHIPOP. Dartmouth, N.S: Defence Research Establishment Atlantic, 1992.
Find full textE, Deutsch Stephen, Armstrong Laboratory (U.S.). Logistics Research Division., BBN Corporation (Cambridge, Mass.), and University of Pennsylvania. Center for Human Modeling and Simulation., eds. Operability model architecture demonstration: Final report. Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: Human Resources Directorate, Logistics Research Division, U.S. Air Force Armstrong Laboratory, 1997.
Find full textHahn, Jerold T. Operability and location of Wisconsin's timber resource. [Saint Paul, Minn.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1989.
Find full textRamadaan, Safa Yousif. Reliability analysis for hazard and operability studies. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Chemical Engineering, 1987.
Find full text(Firm), SunSoft, ed. The ToolTalk service: An inter-operability solution. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PTR Prentice Hall, 1993.
Find full textR, Komar D., and George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., eds. Reusable rocket engine operability modeling and analysis. [Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1998.
Find full textHansen, Mark H. Operability and location of Michigan's timber resource. St. Paul, Minn: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Operability"
Weik, Martin H. "operability." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1149. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_12835.
Full textMilisavljevic-Syed, Jelena, Janet K. Allen, Sesh Commuri, and Farrokh Mistree. "Dynamic Operability Analysis." In Architecting Networked Engineered Systems, 147–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38610-8_5.
Full textKlemich, Kai-Sören, and Jens Eickhoff. "The FLP Platform Operability." In The FLP Microsatellite Platform, 25–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23503-5_2.
Full textMilisavljevic-Syed, Jelena, Janet K. Allen, Sesh Commuri, and Farrokh Mistree. "Steady-State Operability Analysis." In Architecting Networked Engineered Systems, 113–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38610-8_4.
Full textSHAFAGHI, A., and S. B. GIBSON. "Hazard and Operability Study." In ACS Symposium Series, 33–39. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1985-0274.ch005.
Full textEickhoff, Jens. "The Spacecraft Operability Concept." In Onboard Computers, Onboard Software and Satellite Operations, 185–232. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25170-2_13.
Full textMukherjee, Siddhartha. "Hazard and Operability Study." In Process Engineering and Plant Design, 307–12. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429284656-13.
Full textAdams, Kevin MacG. "Availability, Operability, and Testability." In Nonfunctional Requirements in Systems Analysis and Design, 93–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18344-2_5.
Full textVisintainer, Robert, Václav Matoušek, Lionel Pullum, and Anders Sellgren. "System Stability and Operability." In Slurry Transport Using Centrifugal Pumps, 301–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25440-6_10.
Full textShibata, Hirohito, and Kengo Omura. "Effects of Operability on Reading." In Why Digital Displays Cannot Replace Paper, 43–110. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9476-2_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Operability"
"Operability and inoperability." In IEE Seminar INTER-operability or IN-operability, do standards help or hinder? IEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20010080.
Full textAlston, B. "Railway safety viewpoint." In IEE Seminar INTER-operability or IN-operability, do standards help or hinder? IEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20010081.
Full textvan der Burg, R. "Notified bodies in Holland." In IEE Seminar INTER-operability or IN-operability, do standards help or hinder? IEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20010082.
Full textDi Pietrantonio, L. "Towards a single European railway system - the benefits of conventional rail interoperability." In IEE Seminar INTER-operability or IN-operability, do standards help or hinder? IEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20010083.
Full textDavis, R. "ERTMS and standards. Compliance or assurance?" In IEE Seminar INTER-operability or IN-operability, do standards help or hinder? IEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20010084.
Full textShiret, P. "The importance of standards within telecommunications networks." In IEE Seminar INTER-operability or IN-operability, do standards help or hinder? IEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20010085.
Full textBenton, R., P. Horton, and S. Oldham. "Data Fusion and Operability." In Warship 99. RINA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ws.1999.8.
Full textBogdanovska, Gabriela, and Marcela Pavlickova. "Hazard and operability study." In 2016 17th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/carpathiancc.2016.7501071.
Full textBrown, N. R. "Operability needn't cost more." In International Conference on People in Control (Human Interfaces in Control Rooms, Cockpits and Command Centres). IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19990179.
Full textPlotkin, Paul, Matt Coffman, and Robert Engel. "Operability/Maintainability Applications of Design." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-226.
Full textReports on the topic "Operability"
Marella, J. R. Purge ventilation operability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/122015.
Full textBriscoe, Howard, Jean MacMillan, William Ferguson, and Richard W. Pew. Operability Assessment System (OASYS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada319508.
Full textLewis, W. S. Sludge stabilization operability test report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10105049.
Full textParazin, R. E. Caustic addition system operability test procedure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10106958.
Full textRISENMAY, H. R. INERT Atmosphere confinement operability test procedure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/781514.
Full textHardaway, G. M. The Smart Weapons Operability Enhancement Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada277685.
Full textMeloy, R. T. Contaminated liquid drain system operability test. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/65028.
Full textCORPS OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC. Construction: Biddability, Constructibility, Operability, and Environmental Review. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404929.
Full textHansen, Mark H., and Jerold T. Hahn. Operability and location of Michigan's timber resource. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-116.
Full textHahn, Jerold T., and Mark H. Hansen. Operability and location of Wisconsin's timber resource. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-134.
Full text